WO2004055040A1 - Process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol enriched fraction derived from rice bran oil soap stock - Google Patents
Process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol enriched fraction derived from rice bran oil soap stock Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004055040A1 WO2004055040A1 PCT/IB2002/005460 IB0205460W WO2004055040A1 WO 2004055040 A1 WO2004055040 A1 WO 2004055040A1 IB 0205460 W IB0205460 W IB 0205460W WO 2004055040 A1 WO2004055040 A1 WO 2004055040A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oryzanol
- crystallization
- fraction
- temperature
- rice bran
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000008165 rice bran oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 235000019774 Rice Bran oil Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004807 desolvation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003791 organic solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012296 anti-solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FODTZLFLDFKIQH-FSVGXZBPSA-N gamma-Oryzanol (TN) Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(\C=C\C(=O)O[C@@H]2C([C@@H]3CC[C@H]4[C@]5(C)CC[C@@H]([C@@]5(C)CC[C@@]54C[C@@]53CC2)[C@H](C)CCC=C(C)C)(C)C)=C1 FODTZLFLDFKIQH-FSVGXZBPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- JBSUVXVGZSMGDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 24-methylcycloartanyl ferulate Natural products C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C=CC(=O)OC2C(C3CCC4C5(C)CCC(C5(C)CCC54CC53CC2)C(C)CCC(=C)C(C)C)(C)C)=C1 JBSUVXVGZSMGDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melanin Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBSUVXVGZSMGDJ-YVMHCORFSA-N Oryzanol C Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(\C=C\C(=O)O[C@@H]2C([C@@H]3CC[C@H]4[C@]5(C)CC[C@@H]([C@@]5(C)CC[C@@]54C[C@@]53CC2)[C@H](C)CCC(=C)C(C)C)(C)C)=C1 JBSUVXVGZSMGDJ-YVMHCORFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000871 hypocholesterolemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017261 Fritillaria camtschatcensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002582 Oryza sativa Indica Group Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005044 Oryza sativa Indica Group Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002636 Zizania aquatica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008450 motivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 organic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000002378 plant sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J53/00—Steroids in which the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by condensation with a carbocyclic rings or by formation of an additional ring by means of a direct link between two ring carbon atoms, including carboxyclic rings fused to the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton are included in this class
- C07J53/002—Carbocyclic rings fused
- C07J53/004—3 membered carbocyclic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J9/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of more than two carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, coprostane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
- C11B13/02—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials from soap stock
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a simple process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol enriched fraction.
- the present invention more particularly relates to a process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol enriched unsaponifiable fraction which can be obtained by leaching of saponified and dehydrated rice bran oil soapstock.
- Oryzanol is gaining importance in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics due to its increasing applications.
- the beneficial and nutritional effects of oryzanol on human health are well discussed (Piironen et al., 2000, Plant sterols: Biosynthesis, biological function and their importance to human nutrition. Journal of the science of food and Agriculture 80, 939-966).
- oryzanol The expansive pharmaceutical application of oryzanol include hypocholesterolemic activity (Seetharamaiah and Chandrasekhara, 1989, Studies on hypocholesterolemic activity of rice bran oil, Artherosclerosis 78, 219-223),
- the emerging application of oryzanol in cosmetic preparations includes it usefulness in treatment of skin related disorders like melanin related disorder (Tatsu et al., 1993, JP 05225037) and minimizing the wrinkles in aged women (Tatsu et al., 1993, JP 0530526).
- oryzanol proves its usefulness as an antioxidant (Minami and Morito, 1982. Conditions for using oryzanol and its utilization in food, New Food Industries, 24(10) 49- 53).
- oryzanol solubility can be reduced considerably by passing carbon dioxide (gas) at elevated temperature and pressure through alcoholic solution of alkaline rice cake of rice bran oil having oryzanol.
- the limitation of this process is that though this claim has a potential to perform on a large scale, failure may be expected to separate the interfering impurities especially when impurities are sufficiently insoluble in gas solvent mixture. Further, this process cannot account for the variation in the starting material (soapstock / unsaponifiable oryzanol enriched fraction).
- Masao and Yoshizane (1968) [Oryzanol Japanese patent, 68,12725, 29 May, 1968, [(chem. Abst., 1968, 69, 107774g)] which refers to a process for isolation of oryzanol from alkaline oil cake of rice oil.
- the process comprises of deacidification of oil without solvent, followed by antisolvent precipitation of oryzanol in a solvent such as trichloethane or benzene or hexane or mixture of benzene and hexane (1:1) by employing water and carbon dioxide as antisolvents.
- Rao et al. (2002) [Process for the isolation of oryzanol from rice bran oil soap stock, US patent # 6,410,762] which refers to a process for the isolation of oryzanol from rice bran oil soapstock. This process comprises of saponification of neutral oil present in the soapstock, conversion of soapstock into anhydrous porous soapstock noodles and subsequent leaching followed by crystallization, column chromatography and recrystallization to yield 90 % oryzanol with overall 70 % recovery.
- the limitation of the present process is that it involves two steps before final crystallization namely crystallization and chromatography (which is difficult to scale up) to achieve the reported purity, where as the present process is a single step process and hence direct comparison can not be made.
- the oryzanol content of unsaponifiable fraction is found to be sensitive to the kind of soapstock used for leaching and the type of leaching process adopted.
- the leaching process adopted in this process takes care of it.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a simple process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol enriched fraction.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method to obtain free flowing highly purified powder of oryzanol.
- present invention provides a simple process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol enriched fraction, which comprises
- the present invention provides a simple and new single pot process for the preparation of oryzanol from the oryzanol enriched saponifiable fraction of rice bran oil (RBO) soapstock, the said process comprising steps of: a) leaching the saponified and dehydrated rice bran oil soapstock to obtain oryzanol enriched unsaponified fraction, b) dissolving the unsaponified fraction of step (a) in a mixture of organic solvent at a reflux temperature, c) cooling the mixture of step (b) gradually to a temperature in the range of 25 to 30°C, allow3d to stand at this temperature for a period of 30 to 120 minutes to precipitate mucilaginous impurities, d) separating the mucilaginous impurities of step (c) to obtain a clarified supernatant, e) crystallizing the supernatant of step (d) at a temperature range of 5 to lOoC over a period of 10 to 16 hours to obtain crystallized oryzan
- the solvent used in step (b) is a mixture of acetone and methanol. Still another embodiment, the ratio of solvent acetone: methanol used in step (b), ranges between 1:3 to 1:4.
- the ratio of oryzanol enriched unsaponiifable fraction and organic solvent mixture is in the range of 1 :3 to 1 :6.
- the crystallization in step (e) may be performed adapting methods selected from temperature controlled fractional crystallization, temperature controlled antisolvent crystallization, antisolvent crystallization, high pressure gas antisolvent crystallization or combinations thereof.
- step (f) desolvation is performed either by drying under vacuum or by distillation.
- nonselective dissolution of oryzanol enriched unsaponifiable fraction of rice bran oil soapstock may be achieved by temperature assisted process in a suitable mixtures of organic solvents such as acetone and methanol (1 : 3 to 4) at solid to solvent ratio of 1 :5.
- fractional precipitation of mucilaginous interfering impurities may be achieved by gradually lowering temperature to 22-29°C over a settling time period ranging from 45-90 minutes.
- crystalline fraction may be desolventizated preferably by vacuum drying/distillation to give oryzanol flakes, which may be converted to free flowing powder by commination (size reduction).
- Characterization of starting material for crystallization was unsponifiable fraction, which was obtained by leaching of, pretreated, sponified and dehydrated soapstock.
- the unsaponifiable fraction is highly enriched in oryzanol. In the present case, this fraction was containing nearly 50% of oryzanol.
- the oryzanol content of unsaponifiable fraction is sensitive to the kind of soapstock used for leaching and type of leaching employed. This fraction neither contains any acidic nor basic residues. In the present invention following steps are involved in the process.
- Oryzanol enriched unsaponifiable fraction of rice bran oil soapstock is mixed with mixtures of suitable organic solvents such as acetone and methanol (1: 3 to 4) at particular solid to solvent ratio of 1:5 and refluxed at elevated temperature to facilitate the complete solubilization of oryzanol throughout the solvent mixture.
- suitable organic solvents such as acetone and methanol (1: 3 to 4) at particular solid to solvent ratio of 1:5 and refluxed at elevated temperature to facilitate the complete solubilization of oryzanol throughout the solvent mixture.
- Hot oryzanol enriched refluxed solvent mixture is subjected to fractional precipitation at predetermine temperature (22-29 C) for predetermine settling time ranging from 45 to 90 minutes to strip solid mucilaginous interfering impurities.
- the clarified oryzanol rich supernatant may be subjected to any of the method of crystallization or combination of them in order to improve selectivity of oryzanol isolation.
- the separation principle utilizes first "non selective temperature assisting dissolution" of crude oryzanol in a solvent mixture of acetone and methanol (suitable polarity and methanol to acetone ratio of 3.8:1.2) and then availing the fractional precipitation of impurities from solution by employing temperature controlled precipitation for predetermine duration.
- the novelty in the separation lies in the selection and production of starting material for crystallization (which can be obtained by leaching of saponified and dehydrated soapstock in a single stage in most simple way) and separation of interfering critical impurities such as gums.
- Process is versatile enough to accommodate the changes in processing conditions during crystallization brought by either single method or combination of several methods which provide scope to improve selectivity of oryzanol isolation.
- Process provides a method of produ'cing free flowing powder of oryzanol for improved applications in foods and pharmaceuticals which is other wise difficult to comminute (size reduction) without crystallization due to presence of critical mucilaginous interfering impurities.
- Examplel 50 gm of oryzanol enriched fraction (50 to 55 % oryzanol) unsaponifiable fraction [prepared as per Indira et al., (2002), patent #2] was mixed with suitable mixtures of organic solvents such as acetone and methanol (1.2: 3.8) at particular solid to solvent ratio of 1:5 and refluxed at elevated temperature of 80 °C for 1 hour to facilitate the nonselective dissolution. Then, the temperature of hot solution mixture was gradually lowered to 27 °C and allowed to settle at this temperature for a time period ranging from 60 minutes to precipitate of mucilaginous interfering impurities.
- organic solvents such as acetone and methanol (1.2: 3.8)
- suitable mixtures of organic solvents such as acetone and methanol (1.2: 3.8) at particular solid to solvent ratio of 1:5
- the temperature of hot solution mixture was gradually lowered to 27 °C and allowed to settle at this temperature for a time period ranging from 60 minutes
- the clarified supernatant phase was subjected to crystallization at 7 °C over a period of 12 hours.
- the crystalline oryzanol fraction was dried by vaccum drying to produce flakes, which was converted to fine free flowing powder by size reduction.
- the purity and yield of oryzanol obtained after crystallization are given in the following table.
- oryzanol enriched fraction 50 to 55 % oryzanol) unsaponifiable fraction [prepared as per Indira et al., (2002), patent #2] was mixed with suitable mixtures of organic solvents such as acetone and methanol (1: 3) at particular solid to solvent ratio of 1:5 and refluxed at elevated temperature of 80 °C for 1.25 hour to facilitate the complete dissolution of oryzanol throughout the solvent mixture. Then, the temperature of hot solution mixture was gradually lowered to 25 °C and allowed to settle at this temperature for a time period ranging from 90 minutes to precipitate of mucilaginous interfering impurities.
- suitable mixtures of organic solvents such as acetone and methanol (1: 3) at particular solid to solvent ratio of 1:5
- the temperature of hot solution mixture was gradually lowered to 25 °C and allowed to settle at this temperature for a time period ranging from 90 minutes to precipitate of mucilaginous interfering impurities.
- the clarified supernatant phase was subjected to crystallization at 7 °C over a period of 16 hours.
- the crystalline oryzanol fraction was dried by vacuum drying to produce flakes, which was converted to fine free flowing powder by size reduction.
- the purity and yield of oryzanol obtained after crystallization are given in the following table.
- Process enables to obtain free flowing highly purified powder of oryzanol in much simpler manner. 2. Process is easy to scale-up and versatile enough to accommodate the changes in processing conditions.
- Process enables partial fractionation of mucilaginous interfering impurities, which makes size reduction of final product easy. 4. Process enables to obtain an unsaponifiable fraction of rice bran oil soapstock devoid of acid and basic residues
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a simple and new single pot process for the preparation of oryzanol from the oryzanol enriched saponifiable fraction of rice bran oil (RBO) soapstock.
Description
PROCESS FOR CRYSTALLIZATION OF ORYZANOL FROM ORYZANOL ENRICHED FRACTION DERIVED FROM RICE BRAN OIL SOAP STOCK
Technical Field The present invention relates to a simple process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol enriched fraction. The present invention more particularly relates to a process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol enriched unsaponifiable fraction which can be obtained by leaching of saponified and dehydrated rice bran oil soapstock.
Background Art
Now the utility of soapstock is, to generate the soap for toiletries and detergent industries. This application does not fetch lucrative price for soapstock. Rice bran oil soapstock contains nutritionally important health promoting component like oryzanol. Hence, there is need to develop a simple cost competent separation processes for the isolation of oryzanol from rice bran oil (RBO) soapstock. Attempts in the direction for effective utilization of the byproduct of RBO refining (soapstock) for value addition will definitely improve the economics of RBO refining.
Oryzanol is gaining importance in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics due to its increasing applications. The beneficial and nutritional effects of oryzanol on human health are well discussed (Piironen et al., 2000, Plant sterols: Biosynthesis, biological function and their importance to human nutrition. Journal of the science of food and Agriculture 80, 939-966). The expansive pharmaceutical application of oryzanol include hypocholesterolemic activity (Seetharamaiah and Chandrasekhara, 1989, Studies on hypocholesterolemic activity of rice bran oil, Artherosclerosis 78, 219-223), The emerging application of oryzanol in cosmetic preparations includes it usefulness in treatment of skin related disorders like melanin related disorder (Tatsu et al., 1993, JP 05225037) and minimizing the wrinkles in aged women (Tatsu et al., 1993, JP 0530526). In food application, oryzanol proves its usefulness as an antioxidant (Minami and Morito, 1982. Conditions for using oryzanol and its utilization in food, New Food Industries, 24(10) 49- 53). All these beneficial effects of oryzanol on human health generated global interest in developing viable separation method for oryzanol from the rice bran oil soapstock. The attractive cost competent byproduct (soapstock) as starting material for value addition is major motivation here.
Reference can be made to that of Masao and Yoshizane (1968) [Oryzanol Japanese patent, 68, 12730, 29 May, 1968, (chem. Abst, 1968, 69, 107773f] which refers to gas (CO2) antisolvent precipitation of oryzanol from alcoholic (ethanolic or methanolic) solution of alkaline oil cake of rice oil to give 85 % oryzanol. The separation principle utilized here is, oryzanol solubility can be reduced considerably by passing carbon dioxide (gas) at elevated temperature and pressure through alcoholic solution of alkaline rice cake of rice bran oil having oryzanol. The limitation of this process is that though this claim has a potential to perform on a large scale, failure may be expected to separate the interfering impurities especially when impurities are sufficiently insoluble in gas solvent mixture. Further, this process cannot account for the variation in the starting material (soapstock / unsaponifiable oryzanol enriched fraction).
Another reference can be made to that of Masao and Yoshizane (1968) [Oryzanol Japanese patent, 68,12725, 29 May, 1968, [(chem. Abst., 1968, 69, 107774g)] which refers to a process for isolation of oryzanol from alkaline oil cake of rice oil. The process comprises of deacidification of oil without solvent, followed by antisolvent precipitation of oryzanol in a solvent such as trichloethane or benzene or hexane or mixture of benzene and hexane (1:1) by employing water and carbon dioxide as antisolvents. The drawback of this method is that it utilizes either chlorinated solvent or aromatic solvent (benzene) which are neither safe nor food grade. Further, although this method has a potential to perform on a large scale however failure may be expected to separate the interfering impurities especially when impurities are sufficiently insoluble in gaseous solvent mixture like gums.
Another reference can be made to that of Junichi et al., (1977) [Process for crystallizing oryzanol JP52007415A2 (01/20/1977)] where a simple speedy process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol composition is claimed to provide 95 % pure oryzanol. The drawback of this method is that it refers to a model system and that too with limited impurities and it may not work for a system like soapstock or unsaponifiable fraction having wide range of impurities (real system).
Another reference can be made to that of Yoshiaki and Isao (1978) [Purification of gamma-oryzanol JP 53130412] where a process for recrystallization of oryzanol from crude oryzanol is claimed by employing specific solvent. Since it is recrystallization process, direct comparison can not be made with the present crystallization process.
Another reference can be made to that of Nobuyoshi (1983) [Concentration of each constituent from crude or purified oryzanol JP 58021619] where a solvent which does not dissolve oryzanol such as methanol or water was suggested to add to an organic solution of crude or purified oryzanol (in acetone) to achieve partial precipitation of oryzanol components. The limitation of the process is that it is precipitation process involving higher quantities of antisolvents leading to loss of selectivity. This is in contrast with the present process which is crystallization process involving lower quantities of antisolvents leading to higher selectivity.
Another reference can be made to that of Kobayshi and Tokuo (1988)
[Concentration and purification of constituent component of oryzanol JP 63104948] where concentration and purification of oryzanol is achieved by multistage recrystallization or multistage solid/liquid extraction (leaching) employing easily recoverable solvent or solvent mixture from an alcohol (methanol, propanol, butanol etc.) or hydrocarbon (hexane, cyclohexane, toluene etc.). The limitation of this process is that it involves a multistage process and hence can not be directly compared with the present single stage process.
Another reference can be made to that of Kimura (1988) [Separation of 24- methylene cycloartanol ferulate JP 63014797] where a specific crystallization operation for separation of 24-methylene cycloartanol ferulate from crude or purified oryzanol was discussed by employing solvent mixture of organic acid ester, ketone and alcohol. The limitation of this process is that it pertains to only one component of the oryzanol mixture and that too achieving only 55 % purity. Another reference can be made to that of Seetharamaiah and Prabhakar (γ-oryzanol content of Indian rice bran oil and its extraction from from soap stock. J. Food Sci.
Technol. 23: 1986: pp 270-273) where a method for isolation of oryzanol was discussed which comprises of liquid/liquid extraction (organic/aqueous extraction), column chromatography (alumina), crystallization and recrystallization. The solvent used for crystallization and recrystallization was methanol and mixture of methanol & acetone
(2:1) respectively. The limitation of the process is that it is a laboratory process, which is not feasible to be translated to a production scale.
Another reference can be made to that of Saska M. and Rossiter G.J. (1998) [Recovery of γ-oryzanol from rice bran oil with silica-based continuous chromatography, J.
Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 75(10), 1421-1427] where recovery of oryzanol from degummed and dewaxed rice bran oil was discussed by using silica based continuous chromatography followed by crystallization in a solvent medium like heptane. The method is applicable to isolate the oryzanol from oil not from soapstock and hence direct comparison can not be made with the present process.
Another reference can be made to that of Singh et al., (2000) [J. Oil Technol. Assoc. India, 32(2), 55-58]. The isolation of oryzanol from crude rice bran oil was achieved by using four steps namely: chromatography, rechromatography, purification, and crystallization. Here, the final crystallization was carried out in a solvent mixture of methanol and acetone in the ratio 2:1. After crystallization white crystals of 98 % pure oryzanol was obtained. The method is applicable to isolate the oryzanol from crude oil and that too interfering impurities are removed prior to crystallization by chromatography and hence direct comparison can not be made with the present process. ,
Another reference can be made that of Rao et al., (2002) [Process for the isolation of oryzanol from rice bran oil soap stock, US patent # 6,410,762] which refers to a process for the isolation of oryzanol from rice bran oil soapstock. This process comprises of saponification of neutral oil present in the soapstock, conversion of soapstock into anhydrous porous soapstock noodles and subsequent leaching followed by crystallization, column chromatography and recrystallization to yield 90 % oryzanol with overall 70 % recovery. The limitation of the present process is that it involves two steps before final crystallization namely crystallization and chromatography (which is difficult to scale up) to achieve the reported purity, where as the present process is a single step process and hence direct comparison can not be made.
The oryzanol content of unsaponifiable fraction is found to be sensitive to the kind of soapstock used for leaching and the type of leaching process adopted. The leaching process adopted in this process takes care of it.
Objects of the invention
The main object of the present invention is to provide a simple process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol enriched fraction.
Another object of the present invention is to provide suitable solvent mixture for crystallization of oryzanol.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method of fractional crystallization for partial separation of impurities.
Yet, another object of the present invention is to provide a method to obtain free flowing highly purified powder of oryzanol. Summary of the Invention
Accordingly present invention provides a simple process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol enriched fraction, which comprises
(a) nonselective temperature assisted dissolution of oryzanol enriched unsaponifiable fraction in a suitable solvent mixture; (b) fractional precipitation of mucilaginous interfering impurities; and
(c) crystallization of oryzanol from supernatant by either single method or combination of known methods to improve selectivity of crystallization. Detailed Description of the Invention
Accordingly, the present invention provides a simple and new single pot process for the preparation of oryzanol from the oryzanol enriched saponifiable fraction of rice bran oil (RBO) soapstock, the said process comprising steps of: a) leaching the saponified and dehydrated rice bran oil soapstock to obtain oryzanol enriched unsaponified fraction, b) dissolving the unsaponified fraction of step (a) in a mixture of organic solvent at a reflux temperature, c) cooling the mixture of step (b) gradually to a temperature in the range of 25 to 30°C, allow3d to stand at this temperature for a period of 30 to 120 minutes to precipitate mucilaginous impurities, d) separating the mucilaginous impurities of step (c) to obtain a clarified supernatant, e) crystallizing the supernatant of step (d) at a temperature range of 5 to lOoC over a period of 10 to 16 hours to obtain crystallized oryzanol, f) separating and desolvating the crystalline oryzanol of step (e) to obtain flakes of oryzanol, and g) micronizing the orazonal flakes of step (f) to obtain flavouring powder.
In an embodiment of the invention, the solvent used in step (b) is a mixture of acetone and methanol.
Still another embodiment, the ratio of solvent acetone: methanol used in step (b), ranges between 1:3 to 1:4.
Yet another embodiment, the ratio of oryzanol enriched unsaponiifable fraction and organic solvent mixture is in the range of 1 :3 to 1 :6. Yet another embodiment, the crystallization in step (e), may be performed adapting methods selected from temperature controlled fractional crystallization, temperature controlled antisolvent crystallization, antisolvent crystallization, high pressure gas antisolvent crystallization or combinations thereof.
Yet another embodiment of the invention provides a process, wherein in step (f), desolvation is performed either by drying under vacuum or by distillation.
In an embodiment of the present invention nonselective dissolution of oryzanol enriched unsaponifiable fraction of rice bran oil soapstock may be achieved by temperature assisted process in a suitable mixtures of organic solvents such as acetone and methanol (1 : 3 to 4) at solid to solvent ratio of 1 :5. I-n an another embodiment of the present invention, fractional precipitation of mucilaginous interfering impurities may be achieved by gradually lowering temperature to 22-29°C over a settling time period ranging from 45-90 minutes.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention crystalline fraction may be desolventizated preferably by vacuum drying/distillation to give oryzanol flakes, which may be converted to free flowing powder by commination (size reduction).
Characterization of starting material for crystallization was unsponifiable fraction, which was obtained by leaching of, pretreated, sponified and dehydrated soapstock. The unsaponifiable fraction is highly enriched in oryzanol. In the present case, this fraction was containing nearly 50% of oryzanol. The oryzanol content of unsaponifiable fraction is sensitive to the kind of soapstock used for leaching and type of leaching employed. This fraction neither contains any acidic nor basic residues. In the present invention following steps are involved in the process.
(1) Oryzanol enriched unsaponifiable fraction of rice bran oil soapstock is mixed with mixtures of suitable organic solvents such as acetone and methanol (1: 3 to 4) at particular solid to solvent ratio of 1:5 and refluxed at elevated temperature to facilitate the complete solubilization of oryzanol throughout the solvent mixture.
(2) Hot oryzanol enriched refluxed solvent mixture is subjected to fractional precipitation at predetermine temperature (22-29 C) for predetermine settling time ranging from 45 to 90 minutes to strip solid mucilaginous interfering impurities.
(3) The clarified oryzanol rich supernatant may be subjected to any of the method of crystallization or combination of them in order to improve selectivity of oryzanol isolation.
(a) Temperature controlled fractional crystallization. (b) Antisolvent crystallization
(c) Temperature controlled antisolvent crystallization.
(d) High pressure gas antisolvent crystallization
(4) The recovered crystalline fraction on desolventization preferably by vaccum drying/distillation gives oryzanol flakes, which can be converted to Micronized free flowing powder by comminution (size reduction).
The separation principle utilizes first "non selective temperature assisting dissolution" of crude oryzanol in a solvent mixture of acetone and methanol (suitable polarity and methanol to acetone ratio of 3.8:1.2) and then availing the fractional precipitation of impurities from solution by employing temperature controlled precipitation for predetermine duration. The novelty in the separation lies in the selection and production of starting material for crystallization (which can be obtained by leaching of saponified and dehydrated soapstock in a single stage in most simple way) and separation of interfering critical impurities such as gums.
Further, the process is versatile enough to accommodate the changes in processing conditions during crystallization brought by either single method or combination of several methods which provide scope to improve selectivity of oryzanol isolation. Process provides a method of produ'cing free flowing powder of oryzanol for improved applications in foods and pharmaceuticals which is other wise difficult to comminute (size reduction) without crystallization due to presence of critical mucilaginous interfering impurities.
The following examples are given by the way of illustration of the present invention and should not be construed to limit the scope of the present invention.
Examplel 50 gm of oryzanol enriched fraction (50 to 55 % oryzanol) unsaponifiable fraction [prepared as per Indira et al., (2002), patent #2] was mixed with suitable mixtures of
organic solvents such as acetone and methanol (1.2: 3.8) at particular solid to solvent ratio of 1:5 and refluxed at elevated temperature of 80 °C for 1 hour to facilitate the nonselective dissolution. Then, the temperature of hot solution mixture was gradually lowered to 27 °C and allowed to settle at this temperature for a time period ranging from 60 minutes to precipitate of mucilaginous interfering impurities.
The clarified supernatant phase was subjected to crystallization at 7 °C over a period of 12 hours. The crystalline oryzanol fraction was dried by vaccum drying to produce flakes, which was converted to fine free flowing powder by size reduction. The purity and yield of oryzanol obtained after crystallization are given in the following table.
Quality and quantity of oryzanol obtained
Quantity of starting material (gin) _____ Yield (%)
50 65 70
Example2
100 gm of oryzanol enriched fraction (50 to 55 % oryzanol) unsaponifiable fraction [prepared as per Indira et al., (2002), patent #2] was mixed with suitable mixtures of organic solvents such as acetone and methanol (1: 3) at particular solid to solvent ratio of 1:5 and refluxed at elevated temperature of 80 °C for 1.25 hour to facilitate the complete dissolution of oryzanol throughout the solvent mixture. Then, the temperature of hot solution mixture was gradually lowered to 25 °C and allowed to settle at this temperature for a time period ranging from 90 minutes to precipitate of mucilaginous interfering impurities. The clarified supernatant phase was subjected to crystallization at 7 °C over a period of 16 hours. The crystalline oryzanol fraction was dried by vacuum drying to produce flakes, which was converted to fine free flowing powder by size reduction. The purity and yield of oryzanol obtained after crystallization are given in the following table.
Quantity of starting material (gm) Quality and quantity of oryzanol obtained
Purity % Yield %
100 60 75
Advantages of the present invention
1. Process enables to obtain free flowing highly purified powder of oryzanol in much simpler manner.
2. Process is easy to scale-up and versatile enough to accommodate the changes in processing conditions.
3. Process enables partial fractionation of mucilaginous interfering impurities, which makes size reduction of final product easy. 4. Process enables to obtain an unsaponifiable fraction of rice bran oil soapstock devoid of acid and basic residues
Claims
1. A simple and new single pot process for the preparation of oryzanol from the oryzanol enriched saponifiable fraction of rice bran oil (RBO) soapstock, the said process comprising steps of: a) leaching the saponified and dehydrated rice bran oil soapstock to obtain oryzanol enriched unsaponified fraction, . b) dissolving the unsaponified fraction of step (a) in a mixture of organic solvent at a reflux temperature, c) cooling the mixture of step (b) gradually to a temperature in the range of 25 to 30°C, allowed to stand at this temperature for a period of 30 to 120 minutes to precipitate mucilaginous impurities, d) separating the mucilaginous impurities of step (c) to obtain a clarified supernatant, e) crystallizing the supernatant of step (d) at a temperature range of 5 to lOoC over a period of 10 to 16 hours to obtain crystallized oryzanol, f) separating and desolvating the crystalline oryzanol of step (e) to obtain flakes of oryzanol, and g) micronizing the orazonal flakes of step (f) to obtain flavouring powder.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (b), the solvent used is a mixture of acetone and methanol.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (b), the ratio of solvent acetone: methanol ranges between 1:3 to 1:4.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of oryzanol enriched unsaponiifable fraction and organic solvent mixture is in the range of 1 :3 to 1 :6.
5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (e), the crystallization may be performed adapting methods selected from temperature controlled fractional crystallization, temperature controlled antisolvent crystallization, antisolvent crystallization, high pressure gas antisolvent crystallization or combinations thereof.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (f), desolvation is performed either by drying under vacuum or by distillation.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2002/005460 WO2004055040A1 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2002-12-18 | Process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol enriched fraction derived from rice bran oil soap stock |
| MXPA05006725A MXPA05006725A (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2002-12-18 | Process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol enriched fraction derived from rice bran oil soap stock. |
| BR0215991A BR0215991A (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2002-12-18 | Simple process for crystallization of oryzanol from enriched fraction of oryzanol |
| AU2002348729A AU2002348729B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2002-12-18 | Process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol enriched fraction derived from rice bran oil soap stock |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2002/005460 WO2004055040A1 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2002-12-18 | Process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol enriched fraction derived from rice bran oil soap stock |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004055040A1 true WO2004055040A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2002/005460 WO2004055040A1 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2002-12-18 | Process for crystallization of oryzanol from oryzanol enriched fraction derived from rice bran oil soap stock |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2002348729B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0215991A (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA05006725A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004055040A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2638806A1 (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2013-09-18 | Tsuno Food Industrial Co., Ltd. | METHOD FOR PRODUCING OIL OR FAT THAT CONTAINS y-ORYZANOL |
| US9321984B2 (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2016-04-26 | Ht Nutri Sárl | Method for processing rice-oil |
| CN110294784A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-10-01 | 湖南华诚生物资源股份有限公司 | A method of oryzanol is extracted by raw material of refining of crude rice bran oil soap stock |
| CN110305179A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-10-08 | 湖南华诚生物资源股份有限公司 | A method of oryzanol is extracted by raw material of refining of crude rice bran oil unsaponifiable matter |
| WO2021098680A1 (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-27 | 湖南华诚生物资源股份有限公司 | Method for preparing oryzanol by using soapstock containing oryzanol as raw material |
| CN114249792A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-03-29 | 辽宁丰之锦农业科技有限公司 | Process for extracting natural oryzanol from rice bran oil soapstock |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3354143A (en) * | 1962-09-22 | 1967-11-21 | Toyo Koatsu Ind Inc | Process for preparing ferulates from alkali foots of vegetable oils |
| US6410762B1 (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2002-06-25 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Process for the isolation of oryzanols from rice bran oil soap stock |
-
2002
- 2002-12-18 MX MXPA05006725A patent/MXPA05006725A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-12-18 WO PCT/IB2002/005460 patent/WO2004055040A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-18 BR BR0215991A patent/BR0215991A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-18 AU AU2002348729A patent/AU2002348729B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3354143A (en) * | 1962-09-22 | 1967-11-21 | Toyo Koatsu Ind Inc | Process for preparing ferulates from alkali foots of vegetable oils |
| US6410762B1 (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2002-06-25 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Process for the isolation of oryzanols from rice bran oil soap stock |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
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| DATABASE CA [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; LIU, MINGZHI ET AL: "Study of oryzanol extracted from second soap stock of rice bran oil", XP002254580, retrieved from STN Database accession no. 130:109308 * |
| R.H. PERRY, D. W. GREEN. J. O. MALONEY: "PERRY'S CHEMICAL ENGINEERING HANDBOOK, 6TH ED", 1984, MCGRAW-HILL, XP002254579 * |
| SASKA MICHAEL ET AL: "Recovery of gamma-oryzanol from rice bran oil with silica-based continuous chromatography.", JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOCIETY, vol. 75, no. 10, October 1998 (1998-10-01), pages 1421 - 1427, XP002254578, ISSN: 0003-021X * |
| TIANRAN CHANWU YANJIU YU KAIFA (1997), 9(3), 77-80, XP002254577 * |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2638806A1 (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2013-09-18 | Tsuno Food Industrial Co., Ltd. | METHOD FOR PRODUCING OIL OR FAT THAT CONTAINS y-ORYZANOL |
| EP2638806A4 (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2014-04-02 | Tsuno Food Ind Co Ltd | METHOD FOR PRODUCING OIL OR FAT THAT CONTAINS y-ORYZANOL |
| US9321984B2 (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2016-04-26 | Ht Nutri Sárl | Method for processing rice-oil |
| CN110294784A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-10-01 | 湖南华诚生物资源股份有限公司 | A method of oryzanol is extracted by raw material of refining of crude rice bran oil soap stock |
| CN110305179A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-10-08 | 湖南华诚生物资源股份有限公司 | A method of oryzanol is extracted by raw material of refining of crude rice bran oil unsaponifiable matter |
| WO2021098680A1 (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-27 | 湖南华诚生物资源股份有限公司 | Method for preparing oryzanol by using soapstock containing oryzanol as raw material |
| JP2022508666A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2022-01-19 | フーナン・ファチェン・バイオテック・インコーポレイテッド | Method for producing oryzanol from soap stock containing oryzanol |
| JP7093595B2 (en) | 2019-11-22 | 2022-06-30 | フーナン・ファチェン・バイオテック・インコーポレイテッド | Method for producing oryzanol from soap stock containing oryzanol |
| CN114249792A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-03-29 | 辽宁丰之锦农业科技有限公司 | Process for extracting natural oryzanol from rice bran oil soapstock |
| CN114249792B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2024-04-16 | 辽宁丰之锦农业科技有限公司 | Process for extracting natural oryzanol from rice bran oil nigre |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2002348729B2 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
| AU2002348729A1 (en) | 2004-07-09 |
| MXPA05006725A (en) | 2005-10-05 |
| BR0215991A (en) | 2005-11-01 |
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