WO2004050531A1 - Portique a pneumatiques en caoutchouc dote d'un supercondensateur - Google Patents

Portique a pneumatiques en caoutchouc dote d'un supercondensateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004050531A1
WO2004050531A1 PCT/CN2003/001028 CN0301028W WO2004050531A1 WO 2004050531 A1 WO2004050531 A1 WO 2004050531A1 CN 0301028 W CN0301028 W CN 0301028W WO 2004050531 A1 WO2004050531 A1 WO 2004050531A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
supercapacitor
power
energy
bus
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PCT/CN2003/001028
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Guo Fei
Qing Gao
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Shanghai Zhenhua Port Machinery Co. Ltd.
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Application filed by Shanghai Zhenhua Port Machinery Co. Ltd. filed Critical Shanghai Zhenhua Port Machinery Co. Ltd.
Priority to EP03779645A priority Critical patent/EP1586527A4/en
Publication of WO2004050531A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004050531A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/12Arrangements of means for transmitting pneumatic, hydraulic, or electric power to movable parts of devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/22Control systems or devices for electric drives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C19/00Cranes comprising trolleys or crabs running on fixed or movable bridges or gantries
    • B66C19/007Cranes comprising trolleys or crabs running on fixed or movable bridges or gantries for containers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tire-type gantry container crane, in particular to an energy-saving and environmentally-friendly new type of tire-type gantry container crane which uses a super capacitor as a buffer power source and can discharge and charge in large capacity.
  • the Rubber Tyred Gantry Container Crane (RTG) is the main loading and unloading machine for terminal yard containers. Its main characteristics are frequent lifting and lowering, starting and braking of 40 ⁇ 50 ton container. Starting and braking in just 2 to 3 seconds requires a lot of power. Such huge load changes have brought the following disadvantages to the design, manufacture, operation and maintenance of tire-type gantry container cranes:
  • tyre type gantry container crane (RTG). Due to the short-term high-power operation requirements of the tyre-type gantry container crane, the unit capacity of the tyre-type gantry container crane needs to be double the static power of the whole machine. For example, a tyre-type gantry container crane with a full load speed of 20 m / min and an empty load of 45 m / min has a motor power of 160 KW, a car of 25 KW, and a static power of only about 185 KW.
  • the frequent starting and braking of a tyre type gantry container crane requires a total dynamic power of 285KW, so that the power of the diesel generator set is sufficiently larger than the operating power (static power) of the tyre type gantry container crane most of the time about. If the start-up time becomes shorter, the unit capacity is even doubled than the static capacity. Therefore, when starting up, the diesel engine must increase the throttle and supply a large amount of fuel quickly. This results in increased diesel noise, incomplete combustion, and emission of black smoke, causing environmental pollution, increasing fuel consumption, and increasing operating costs.
  • the energy of the tyre type gantry container crane cannot be effectively used. During the lowering process of the lifting mechanism and the braking process of other mechanisms, each mechanism will feedback a large amount of energy. Because the power system of the tyre type gantry container crane is independent, it is not effectively connected with other ground systems, so the feedback energy of the mechanism can only be consumed in vain on the large amount of energy consumption resistors necessary for RTG. Resistance heating consumes energy, wastes energy, and increases thermal pollution of the entire machine.
  • the task of the present invention is to provide a new tire-type gantry container crane using supercapacitors, which uses a group of large-capacity supercapacitors as a buffer power source, and can quickly charge and discharge at high currents to achieve energy saving and The purpose of environmental protection.
  • a tyre type gantry container crane using a super capacitor uses a super capacitor. Its main working mechanism includes a lifting mechanism, a trolley mechanism and a trolley mechanism.
  • the lifting mechanism consumes power during lifting, is supplied by a diesel generator, and its potential energy is converted when it descends. The generated electric energy is fed back to the tyre type gantry container crane, the trolley mechanism and the big vehicular mechanism consume power during driving and running, and feed back the electric energy to the tyre type gantry container crane when braking;
  • Super capacitors are connected in parallel on the DC power bus.
  • the DC bus is used to monitor the voltage change range, charge when the voltage rises, and discharge when the voltage drops. As the super capacitor continues to discharge, its terminal voltage drops, and the DC bus voltage drops. When this voltage is lower than the rectified voltage of the diesel generator set, the diesel generator set starts to participate in power supply, and feeds back electric energy to the super capacitor during braking.
  • the super capacitor is continuously charged by the feedback energy and continuously releases electric energy;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the electrical system configuration of a tire-type gantry container crane using a super capacitor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the super capacitor power supply of the crane of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the super capacitor energy storage of the crane of Figure 1.
  • FIG 4 is a schematic diagram of the super capacitor monitoring circuit of the crane of Figure 1. Best Mode of the Invention
  • the tyre type gantry container crane is a special type of container loading and unloading equipment used in the container terminal yard. It is a mobile machine without a fixed track. It uses its own diesel generator set to generate electricity for the electrical equipment on the crane.
  • the power supply system of the wheeled gantry container crane is completely isolated from the terminal ground power system.
  • a tyre type gantry container crane usually has three main action mechanisms, namely a lifting mechanism, a trolley mechanism and a trolley mechanism.
  • the lifting mechanism is the main mechanism of the crane.
  • the power is usually above 200KW. It is used to lift or lower the container.
  • the power consumed by the lifting mechanism is supplied by the diesel generator set when it is lowered.
  • the potential energy is converted into electrical energy when the container is lowered when it is lowered.
  • Crane usually this energy is about 200KW.
  • the trolley mechanism and the trolley mechanism are mechanisms for flat-moving (front-back or left-right) containers.
  • the power is relatively small. It consumes electricity during driving and running, but also feeds back electric energy to the crane when braking.
  • the work of a tyre-type gantry container crane can be basically divided into two states: driving state-at this time, each mechanism consumes diesel generator energy, and regeneration feedback state-at this time, each mechanism feedbacks energy to the crane.
  • Traditional tires Gantry container cranes consume this energy by braking resistors.
  • the tire-type gantry container crane of the present invention adopts AC frequency conversion driving technology, rectifies AC power from a diesel generator set through an AC-DC conversion device of a frequency converter into DC power DC, and hangs it on a DC busbar.
  • a set of super capacitors are connected in parallel on the DC bus.
  • the three-phase AC power generated by the diesel generator set is converted into direct current by the rectifier of the AC inverter.
  • DC power supply this power supply voltage varies in the range of 450 ⁇ 715V.
  • the DC power is converted into a frequency and voltage controllable AC power by a frequency conversion device (6 IGBT combination bridges) in the AC frequency converter, which is used to drive the lifting, cart or trolley mechanism.
  • supercapacitors are connected in parallel to the DC power bus, and the DC bus is used to monitor the voltage change range, charging when the voltage rises, and discharging when the voltage drops. This uses the large current charging and discharging characteristics of the supercapacitor.
  • Super capacitors are connected in parallel on the DC bus and can automatically detect the energy usage of the tyre-type gantry crane at any time. When the mechanism is in the driving state and draws power from the DC bus, the DC bus voltage has a downward trend. Because the internal resistance of the super capacitor is much smaller than the internal resistance of the generator, the super capacitor will first supply power to the DC bus to maintain the bus voltage.
  • a super capacitor is connected in parallel on the DC bus and automatically monitors the DC voltage. If the DC voltage does not change, the supercapacitor is in a ready state and does not work. When it is found that the DC voltage drops (caused by the power consumption of the drive motor), the super capacitor supplies power. At this time, the power supply current is automatically determined according to the load current. As the super capacitor continues to discharge, its terminal voltage will drop, and the DC bus voltage will drop. When this voltage is detected to be lower than the rectified voltage of the diesel generator set, the unit also starts to participate in power supply.
  • Super capacitors are connected in parallel on the DC bus and automatically monitor the DC voltage. If the DC voltage does not change, the super capacitor is in a ready state and does not work. When it is found that the DC voltage rises (caused by the regenerative feedback energy of the motor of the working mechanism), the supercapacitor enters the charging state. At this time, the charging current is automatically determined according to the feedback energy. As the super capacitor is continuously charged, its terminal voltage will rise, and the DC bus voltage will rise accordingly. Because the supercapacitor capacity of the tyre type gantry container crane is very large, the feedback energy of all mechanisms is Will be absorbed by the super capacitor.
  • a supercapacitor monitoring circuit is also provided in the electrical system configuration of the tire-type gantry container crane of the present invention.
  • a monitoring module is connected across the super capacitor, and the monitoring module monitors the voltage and current of the capacitor.
  • K1, K2 and the charging resistor are connected in parallel at both ends of the supercapacitor to form a supercapacitor charge and discharge limiting circuit.
  • a current limiting resistor R is connected in series to the switch K1 circuit, so that the charging current is limited.
  • the super capacitor used in the present invention continuously performs fast charging and fast discharging during the entire working process of the tyre type gantry container crane.
  • the charge and discharge of a supercapacitor is a physical change, not a chemical change, so it is different from a battery, it has no pollution to the environment, and its life is quite long.
  • the tire-type gantry container crane of the present invention mixes the following two supercapacitors with different characteristics-the first is a traction capacitor, which is characterized by a small charge and discharge current but stable current.
  • Typical traction capacitor data is as follows:
  • each 10 cells as a component the component indicators are as follows:
  • Allowable maximum charging voltage 760V
  • the second type is a start-up type supercapacitor, which is characterized by a particularly large charge and discharge current and short time, but a small continuous force and a long load time, and its charge and discharge capacity is very small.
  • Typical startup capacitor data is as follows:
  • the tire-type gantry container crane of the present invention uses a group of large-capacity super capacitors, which are connected in parallel to the DC bus of an AC frequency converter, which can quickly charge and discharge at a high current. Discharge, and can quickly charge with large current during regenerative feedback power generation, absorbing energy.
  • the energy required by each mechanism and the energy fed back to the capacitor are equal (if the efficiency is not timed). Therefore, the power of the diesel generator set configured by the super-capacity tire-type gantry container crane can be greatly reduced, and the fuel consumption is reduced. It is economical, the diesel unit is not affected by shocks, runs smoothly, can reduce noise, reduce emissions, not emit black smoke, and achieve good environmental protection effects. Therefore, it is also known as an environmentally-friendly tire-type gantry container crane.
  • the supercapacitor In the whole process of lifting and lowering of the lifting mechanism of the tyre type gantry container crane and during the starting and braking of other mechanisms, the supercapacitor is used to charge and discharge the driving system with a large capacity, which can effectively store the energy fed back by the lifting mechanism's lowering As well as the braking energy of the big and small car mechanisms, they can also discharge when the hoisting mechanism is rising and other mechanisms are running, especially reducing the frequent acceleration and deceleration of each mechanism, especially the hoisting mechanism, to the power system of the tyre-type gantry container crane. Shock.
  • the advantages of using super capacitors are: the braking resistance of the traditional tire-type gantry container crane is lost and it is cancelled; the super capacitor saves the energy feedback from all the mechanisms, which makes the super capacitor charge Electricity, avoids the heat consumption of the original braking resistor, and achieves the purpose of energy saving.
  • the energy-saving and environmentally friendly new type tyre type gantry container crane can effectively reduce the installed capacity of the power source (diesel generator set) of the tyre type gantry container crane, reduce "three wastes" pollution caused by the unit and "thermal pollution” to the environment, and can Eliminating the energy-consuming resistors necessary for traditional tyre-type gantry container cranes, greatly improving the smooth operation of the power system of tyre-type gantry container cranes, which has significant environmental protection effects and significantly improved social and economic benefits.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the unit can run smoothly without the power adjustment process of the traditional tire-type gantry container crane during the start-up and the adjustment process. All kinds of exhaust gas, waste oil and noise pollution have completely eliminated the black smoke phenomenon of the diesel engine during acceleration and acceleration, and greatly reduced the noise of the diesel engine.
  • the feedback energy of the lifting mechanism during the lowering can be stored without the need for a braking resistor to consume a large amount of the reduced energy through the resistor to heat, so it will not cause environmental damage. Thermal pollution.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Description

利用超级电容的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机 技术领域
本发明涉及轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机, 特别涉及一种利用超级电容器作为缓 冲动力源, 能大容量放电和充电的节能环保新型轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机。 背景技术
轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机(Rubber Tyred Gantry Container Crane, 简称 RTG) 作为码头堆场集装箱的主要装卸机械, 其主要特点是频繁地将 40〜50吨重的集装 箱上升和下降、 起动和制动。 在短短 2〜3秒钟内完成起动和制动, 需要很大的功 率。 如此巨大的负荷变化, 给轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的设计制造和运行维护等 方面带来了下列一些不利情况:
1. 促使轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机 (RTG)装机容量变得很大。 由于轮胎式 龙门集装箱起重机这种短时间大功率的运行要求, 轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的机 组容量需要比整机的静态功率大一倍。 举例来说, 一台起升满载速度为 20米 /分 钟、 空载 45米 /分钟的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机, 其马达功率为起升 160KW, 小车 25KW, 静态功率只有 185KW左右, 而它为了适应轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的频 繁起动和制动, 其动态总功率要求达到 285KW, 从而使柴油发电机组的功率比轮 胎式龙门集装箱起重机大部分时间的运行功率 (静态功率)足足大了 2/3左右。 如 果起动时间变短, 则机组容量甚至比静态容量大一倍。 所以在起动时, 柴油机必 须加大油门, 快速大量供油, 由此导致柴油机噪声增大, 燃烧不完全, 并排放黑 烟, 造成环境污染, 同时增加了油耗, 还增加了营运成本。
2. 轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机能量不能有效利用。 在起升机构下降过程和其 他机构的制动过程中, 各机构会反馈大量的能量。 由于轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机 的电力系统是独立的, 它没有同其他地面系统的有效联接, 因此机构反馈能量只 能白白消耗在 RTG必备的大量的能耗电阻上。 电阻发热消耗, 浪费能源, 也增加 了整机的热污染。
3. 整机运行不够平稳, 冲击大。 由于整机频繁地起动和制动, 对机组的负 荷冲击很大, 不但会产生严重的冒黑烟现象, 整机的电力系统也波动很大, 容易 造成电器设备的损坏, 并对机器和附近的通讯系统产生一定的干扰。
4. 阻碍了轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的发展。 随着轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机 的技术指标如额定负荷、 速度等技术指标的不断加大, 机组的功率变得很大, 机 组选型也愈发困难, 这已经逐渐影响到轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的进一步发展。 发明内容
为了解决上述问题, 本发明的任务是提供一种新的利用超级电容的轮胎式龙 门集装箱起重机, 它利用一组大容量超级电容器作为缓冲动力源, 能快速大电流 充电和放电, 以达到节能和环保的目的。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种利用超级电容的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机, 它的主要工作机构有起升机 构、 小车机构和大车机构, 起升机构在起升时耗电, 由柴油发电机组供给, 下降 时其势能转换成电能反馈给轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机, 小车机构和大车机构在驱 动和运行时耗电, 在制动时反馈电能给轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机;
由柴油发电机组发出的三相交流电源经过交流变频器的整流装置, 转换成直 流电源 DC, DC电源通过交流变频器中的变频装置, 将 DC电源转换成频率和电压' 可控的交流电源 AC, 用于驱动起升、 大车或者小车机构;
将超级电容并联在 DC电源总线上, 利用 DC总线监测电压变化范围, 在电压 上升时充电, 在电压下降时放电, 随着超级电容不断放电, 其端电压下降, DC总 线电压跟着下降, 当检测到此电压低于柴油发电机组的电源整流电压时, 柴油发 电机组开始参与供电, 在制动时反馈电能给超级电容, 超级电容不断得到反馈的 能量的充电, 又不断地释放电能;
当轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的工作机构处于再生反馈状态时, 机构将能量反 馈到 DC总线上, DC总线电压在电压变化范围内逐步上升, 使超级电容不断吸收 电能;
当 DC电压由工作机构电机再生反馈电能引起上升时, 超级电容进入充电状 态, 随着超级电容不断充电, 其端电压上升, DC总线电压跟着上升, 所有机构的 反馈能量都被超级电容吸收。 附图概述
图 1是本发明的一种利用超级电容的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的电气系统配 置示意图。
图 2是图 1起重机的超级电容供电原理图。
图 3是图 1起重机的超级电容储能原理图。
图 4是图 1起重机的超级电容监测回路示意图。 本发明的最佳实施方式
轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机是用于集装箱码头堆场的一种专用集装箱装卸设 备, 它是无固定轨道的流动机械, 利用本身的柴油发电机组发电, 供起重机上的 用电设备使用。 轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的供电系统与码头地面电力系统完全隔 离。 一台轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机通常有三个主要动作机构, 分别是起升机构、 小车机构和大车机构。 起升机构是起重机的主要机构, 功率通常在 200KW以上, 用于提升或者下放集装箱, 提升时起升机构耗电, 由柴油发电机组供给, 下降时 因集装箱下放, 其势能将转换成电能反馈给起重机, 通常此能量在 200KW左右。' 小车机构和大车机构是用于平面移动 (前后或者左右)集装箱的机构, 功率相对 较小, 在驱动和运行时耗电, 但在制动时也反馈电能给起重机。 在实际工作中, 轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机工作基本上可分两种状态: 驱动状态——此时各机构消 耗柴油发电机组能量, 再生反馈状态——此时各机构反馈给起重机能量, 传统的 轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机都由制动电阻消耗此能量。
本发明的一种利用超级电容的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的主要工作机构有起 升机构、 小车机构和大车机构。 起升机构在起升时耗电, 由柴油发电机组供给, 下降时其势能转换成电能反馈给轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机, 小车机构和大车机构 在驱动和运行时耗电, 在制动时反馈电能给轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机。
参看图 1, 本发明的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机采用交流变频驱动技术, 将来 自柴油发电机组的交流电源通过变频器的交直流转换装置, 整流成直流电源 DC, 挂在 DC母排上, 并将一组超级电容并联在 DC母排上。
由柴油发电机组发出的三相交流电源经过交流变频器的整流装置, 转换成直 流电源 DC, 此电源电压在 450〜715V范围内变化。 DC电源通过交流变频器中的变 频装置 (6个 IGBT组合桥) , 将 DC电源转换成频率和电压可控的 AC电源, 用于驱 动起升、 大车或者小车机构。
如图 1所示, 将超级电容并联在 DC电源总线上, 利用 DC总线监测电压变化范 围, 在电压上升时充电, 在电压下降时放电, 这样就利用了超级电容的大电流充 放电的特性。 超级电容并联在 DC总线上, 能随时自动检测轮胎式龙门集装箱起重 机的能量使用情况。 当机构处于驱动状态, 从 DC总线上汲取功率时, DC总线电 压产生下降趋势。 因为超级电容的内阻远小于发电机内阻, 故超级电容会首先供 电给 DC总线, 以维持总线电压。 当驱动机构继续工作时, 随着超级电容的不断放 电, 其端电压逐步下降, 表现为 DC总线电压下降。 只有当此 DC电压下降到小于 发电机组电源的整流电压后, 才会逐步用到柴油发电机组的电能。 也就是说, 当 检测到 '此电压低于柴油发电机组的电源整流电压时, 柴油发电机组才开始参与供 电。
参看图 2, 超级电容并联在 DC总线上, 自动监测 DC电压。 如果 DC电压不发 生变化, 则超级电容处于准备状态, 不工作。 当发现 DC电压下降时(由驱动电机 耗电引起) , 超级电容进行供电, 此时其供电电流大小自动根据负荷电流大小决 定。 随着超级电容不断放电, 其端电压会下降, DC总线电压跟着下降。 当检测到 此电压低于柴油发电机组的电源整流电压时, 机组也开始参与供电。 如此这般, 超级电容储存能量越多, 则释放越多, 机组的耗能也就越小, 从而减小由于起重 机突然增加负荷而对机组产生的影响, 并在负荷稳定的情况下参与供电, 减小了 机组的负荷。
参看图 3, 当轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的工作机构处于再生反馈状态时, 机 构会将能量反馈到 DC总线上, 此刻 DC总线电压会在变化范围内逐步上升, 超级 电容将发挥短时间大功率储存能量的特性, 使超级电容不断地吸收电能。
超级电容并联在 DC总线上, 自动监测 DC电压。 如果 DC电压不发生变化, 则 超级电容处于准备状态, 不工作。 当发现 DC电压上升时(由工作机构电机再生反 馈电能引起) , 超级电容进入充电状态, 此时其充电电流大小自动根据反馈能量 大小决定。 随着超级电容不断充电, 其端电压会上升, DC总线电压跟着上升。 由 于轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机配置的超级电容容量很大, 故所有机构的反馈能量都 将被超级电容吸收。
为了使超级电容稳定可靠运行, 本发明的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的电气系 统配置中, 还设置了超级电容的监测回路。
参看图 4, 在超级电容两端连接监测模块, 监测模块对超级电容的电压和电 容电流进行监测。 在超级电容两端还并联开关 Kl、 Κ2和充电电阻, 组成超级电容 充放电限制回路。 当轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机由于停机过长或其他原因等使超级 电容电压过低、 充放电电流过小时, 将接通开关 Kl, 关闭开关 Κ2, 使超级电容通 过柴油发电机组的整流装置进行充电。 为了避免充电电流过大而造成对柴油发电 机组的冲击, 开关 K1回路串联了限流电阻 R, 使充电电流得到限制。 当监测模块 监测到超级电容电压正常, 充电电流在正常范围时, K1断开, 同时 K2闭合, 使超 级电容进入正常工作状态。
本发明所利用的超级电容在轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的全部工作过程中是不 断地进行快速充电和快速放电。 超级电容的充放电是物理变化, 而不是化学变 化, 因而它不同于蓄电池, 对环境无污染, 其寿命也相当长。
考虑到超级电容的不同特性, 本发明的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机混用了下列 两种不同特性的超级电容- 第一种是牵引型电容, 其特点是充放电电流较小, 但电流稳定。 典型的牵引 型电容数据如下:
1. 组件, 采用每 10个单体为一组件, 组件指标如下:
静电容量: 100000F
允许最高充电电压: 17V
工作电压范围内的储存能量: 266Wh
内阻: 5m Ω
2. 450个组件组合:
容量: 222F
工作电压范围: 720 360V
允许最高充电电压: 760V
工作电压范围内的储存能量: 12KWh
内阻: 0.225 Ω 第二种是启动型超级电容, 其特点是充放电电流特别大, 时间短, 但持续力 较小, 负荷时间长, 其充放电的能力就很小。 典型的启动型电容数据如下:
1. 组件
静电容量: 2600F
工作电压: 28V
2. 450个组件组合
容量: 100F
工作电压范围: 720〜460V
允许最高充电电压: 840V
工作电压范围内的储存能量: 3.5KWh
内阻: 0.1 Ω 工业应用性
本发明的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机利用一组大容量超级电容器, 将它并联在 交流变频器的直流母线上, 可以快速大电流充电和放电, 在轮胎式龙门集装箱起 重机驱动耗电时能迅速大电流放电, 而在再生反馈发电时能迅速大电流充电, 将 能量吸收。
从理论上说, 各机构需要的能量和反馈给电容的能量是相等的 (如果效率不 计时) , 因此, 利用超级电容的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机所配置的柴油发电机组 功率可大大减少, 油耗减少, 经济性好, 柴油机组不受冲击, 运转平稳, 可降低 噪声, 降低排放, 不冒黑烟, 达到好的环保效果, 故又称作环保型轮胎式龙门集 装箱起重机。
在轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的起升机构上升和下降全过程中以及其他机构的 起动和制动过程中, 利用超级电容给驱动系统大容量充放电, 既能够有效储存起 升机构下降而反馈的能量以及大车和小车机构的制动能量, 又能在起升机构上升 和其他机构运行时进行放电, 尤其是减小了各机构特别是起升机构频繁加减速给 轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机电力系统造成的冲击。
采用超级电容的优点是: 使传统的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的制动电阻失去 了存在的意义而将其取消; 超级电容保存了所有机构反馈的能量, 使超级电容充 电, 避免了被原有制动电阻的发热消耗, 达到了节能的目的。
本发明的节能环保新型轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机能有效减小轮胎式龙门集装 箱起重机动力源 (柴油发电机组) 的装机容量, 减少机组造成的 "三废"污染和 对环境的 "热污染" , 并能够省去传统轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机必备的能耗电 阻, 大大改善轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机电力系统的平稳运行, 其环保效果显著, 社会效益和经济效益明显提高。
具体地说, 本发明具有如下优点-
1. 减小机组对环境的污染, 达到环保的目的。 具体体现在下列三个方面: 第一, 由于使用了超级电容, 使得机组容量减小, 机组发生的各种油耗、 噪 声及热量等大为减小。
第二, 由于超级电容补偿了起升机构上升时对能量的需求, 使得机组能够平 稳运行, 而不会发生传统轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机在上升起动时的功率调整过程 以及在该调整过程中所产生的各种废气、 废油和噪声污染, 彻底消除了柴油机在 上升加速时的冒黑烟现象, 并大大降低了柴油机的噪声。
第三, 由于超级电容在起升下降时的储能作用, 使下降时起升机构的反馈能 量得到储存, 而不需要制动电阻将大量下降的能量通过电阻发热消耗, 因此不会 对环境造成热污染。
2. 保存了起升机构下降及大车和小车机构制动时的能量, 起到了节能的作 用。 传统的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机由于不存在储能元件, 在起升机构下降或者 大车和小车机构制动时, 对轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机产生的反馈能量都被安装在 起重机上的耗能电阻消耗, 由此浪费了能源。 采用了超级电容的轮胎式龙门集装 箱起重机, 就可利用超级电容的大能量存放特点, 保存此能量, 然后再由轮胎式 龙门集装箱起重机驱动时消耗, 达到节能的目的。
3. 减小了轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的装机容量。 由于超级电容能够在起升 机构上升的加速时间内, 补充大部分电流给直流电源母排, 减小了起升机构对机 组的功率要求, 从而在设计时可以比传统轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机减小机组功率 选择, 以节约用户开支。
4. 釆用节能环保新型的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机有利于轮胎式龙门集装箱 起重机的发展。 由于应用了超级电容, 因此能够克服轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机发 展过程中存在的受机组容量限制这个因素, 进而有利于制造商和用户发展更大容 量、 更高速度的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种利用超级电容的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机, 它的主要工作机构有起 升机构、 小车机构和大车机构, 起升机构在起升时耗电, 由柴油发电机组供给, 下降时其势能转换成电能反馈给轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机, 小车机构和大车机构 在驱动和运行时耗电, 在制动时反馈电能给轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机;
其特征在于, 由柴油发电机组发出的三相交流电源经过交流变频器的整流装 置, 转换成直流电源 DC, DC电源通过交流变频器中的变频装置, 将 DC电源转换 成频率和电压可控的交流电源 AC, 用于驱动起升、 大车或者小车机构;
将超级电容并联在 DC电源总线上, 利用 DC总线监测电压变化范围, 在电压 上升时充电, 在电压下降时放电, 随着超级电容不断放电, 其端电压下降, DC总 线电压跟着下降, 当检测到此电压低于柴油发电机组的电源整流电压时,;柴油发 电机组开始参与供电, 在制动时反馈电能给超级电容, 超级电容不断得到反馈的 能量的充电, 又不断地释放电能;
当轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机的工作机构处于再生反馈状态时, 机构将能量反 馈到 DC总线上, DC总线电压在电压变化范围内逐步上升, 使超级电容不断吸收 电能;
当 DC电压由工作机构电机再生反馈电能引起上升时, 超级电容进入充电状 态, 随着超级电容不断充电, 其端电压上升, DC总线电压跟着上升, 所有机构的 反馈能量都被超级电容吸收。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的利用超级电容的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机, 其特征 在于, 在超级电容两端连接监测模块, 监测模块对超级电容的电压和电容电流进 行监测; 在超级电容两端还并联开关 Kl、 Κ2和充电电阻, 组成超级电容充放电限 制回路。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的利用超级电容的轮胎式龙门集装箱起重机, 其特征 在于, 所述开关 K1回路串联限流电阻 R, 使充电电流得到限制。
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CN105731263A (zh) * 2016-03-24 2016-07-06 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 一种吊机的控制方法及控制装置
CN108695965A (zh) * 2018-08-15 2018-10-23 武汉康奥斯机电装备有限公司 一种利用超级电容的地铁门式起重机
CN110829564A (zh) * 2019-12-06 2020-02-21 江苏科技大学 一种基于车客渡船的超级电容能量管理系统
CN110829564B (zh) * 2019-12-06 2024-05-03 江苏科技大学 一种基于车客渡船的超级电容能量管理系统
CN113471949A (zh) * 2021-07-05 2021-10-01 四川航天烽火伺服控制技术有限公司 一种电容充放电电路及机电伺服系统
CN113471949B (zh) * 2021-07-05 2023-08-25 四川航天烽火伺服控制技术有限公司 一种电容充放电电路及机电伺服系统
CN117458551A (zh) * 2023-12-21 2024-01-26 四川宏华电气有限责任公司 一种适用于石油钻机的能量管理系统及其控制方法
CN117458551B (zh) * 2023-12-21 2024-03-19 四川宏华电气有限责任公司 一种适用于石油钻机的能量管理系统及其控制方法

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