WO2004046367A1 - Process for anaerobic oxidation of methane - Google Patents
Process for anaerobic oxidation of methane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004046367A1 WO2004046367A1 PCT/NL2003/000818 NL0300818W WO2004046367A1 WO 2004046367 A1 WO2004046367 A1 WO 2004046367A1 NL 0300818 W NL0300818 W NL 0300818W WO 2004046367 A1 WO2004046367 A1 WO 2004046367A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- methane
- species
- sulphate
- process according
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P3/00—Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
- C02F3/345—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used for biological oxidation or reduction of sulfur compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oxygen-free biological process for converting methane to hydrogen or hydrogen equivalents. Furthermore, the invention relates to a biological process of reducing sulphur compounds to sulphide.
- thermophilic bacteria of the order of the Thermotogales are capable of converting methane, in the absence of oxygen, to hydrogen or hydrogen equivalents.
- the methane carbon atom was found to be converted to carbon dioxide and was not incorporated in the biomass.
- the hydrogen produced can be used as such, or can be used to provide hydrogen equivalents suitable for reducing various compounds e.g. sulphur compounds such as sulphate, sulphite and thiosulphate. It was furthermore found that hydrogen equivalents required for biological reduction reactions can be effectively provided by methane oxidation by anaerobic methane-oxidising bacteria.
- the invention concerns a process of producing hydrogen or hydrogen equivalents by anaerobically subjecting methane to the activity of one or more Thermotogales species.
- the invention concerns a process of anaerobic oxidising methane using a ⁇ ermotogales species or strain.
- the invention concerns a process for biological reduction of chemicals such as sulphur compounds and metals, wherein the required hydrogen equivalents are produced by subjecting methane to anaerobic methane-oxidising bacteria.
- the invention pertains to the anaerobic, bacterial production of hydrogen or hydrogen equivalents.
- hydrogen equivalents are understood to comprise atoms, molecules or electrons, i.e. reduction equivalents, which lower the oxidation state of a substrate. These include e.g. acetate and formate. They are also referred to as electron donors.
- the present process produces hydrogen equivalents, as distinct from (molecular) hydrogen, the process is carried out in the presence of a suitable substrate capable of accepting the hydrogen equivalents.
- methane also higher alkanes and alkenes, such as ethane, ethene, propane, etc. are contemplated.
- the bacteria to be used according to the invention are anaerobic methane- oxidising (alkane-oxidising) bacteria.
- These bacteria include terrestrial and aquatic (marine) species, which can be obtained from hydrotherrnal sources, oil-wells, and sometimes anaerobic thermophilic bioreactors. They can grow under a variety of environmental conditions and, depending on the natural source and possibly adaptation processes, they can be mesophilic and/or thermophilic. Examples of suitable bacteria belong to the order of the Thermotogales, which are mostly thermophilic. A description thereof is given by Wery et al. (FEMS Microbiol. Biol. 41, (2002) 105-114) and Reysenbach et al. (Int. J. Syst. Evol.
- Thermotogales include the genera Marinitoga, Geotoga, Petrotoga, Thermotoga, Thermosipho and Fervidobacterium. They are especially from the group containing the latter three genera.
- Thermotoga maritima (DSM 3109), Thermotoga thermarum (DSM 5069), Thermotoga hypogea (DSM 11164), Thermotoga subterranea (DSM 9912), Thermotoga elfei (DSM 9442), Thermotoga lettingae (DSM 14385), Thermosipho melanesiensis (DSM 12029), Thermosipho geolei (DSM 13256), Fervidobacterium islandicum (DSM 5733) and F. nodosum (DSM 5306). Most of them are available in recognised culture collection such as DSM or ATCC, and the genome of some of them, such as Tliermotoga maritima, has been sequenced (Nelson et al., Nature (1999), 399, 323-329).
- the methane-oxidising bacteria may be used as a pure culture of one of the species or strains mentioned above or as a defined mixture with other bacteria, or as a part of a mixed culture obtained from environmental samples or from bioreactors, if necessary and preferably after adaptation to the desired process conditions.
- the use of a pure culture has the advantage of allowing the process to be controlled as desired.
- the invention also concerns such pure cultures as well as defined combinations of cultures as further illustrated below.
- the species to be used in the process of the invention are mesophilic or thermophilic species.
- the thermophilic species have their maximum activity between 50 and 100°C, but they are generally sufficiently active in the mesophilic temperature range for the process to be carried out at temperatures between 30 and 50°C as well, or even from 25°C upwards, if necessary after adaptation.
- Mesophilic species have their maximum activity between 30 and 50°C, but are sufficiently active from 20°C and up to e.g. 60°C.
- the most preferred temperatures for the process of the invention are between 25 and 90°C, most preferably between 30 and 60°C.
- the anaerobic methane oxidation is performed for producing molecular hydrogen.
- the relevant total reaction can be simplified as follows:
- the culture medium contains basic mineral medium supplemented with growth factors into which methane is introduced e.g. by sparging or another method that ensures intimate contact with the micro-organisms.
- the hydrogen produced can be collected e.g. using gas recirculation, wherein the gas is contacted with a selective membrane which is permeable for hydrogen and impermeable for larger molecules including methane, and the remaining gas can be recirculated to the methane-oxidising reactor.
- suitable selective absorbents can be arranged in such a manner that the gas evolving from the reactor is contacted with the absorbents. Efficient withdrawal of hydrogen from the reaction mixture ensures sufficient bioconversion of methane to hydrogen.
- the hydrogen produced can be used as a fuel or as a chemical synthesis agent or in biological or chemical reduction processes.
- the anaerobic methane oxidation is performed for reducing substrates, such as nitrate, azo compounds, inorganic and organic sulphur compounds such as elemental sulphur, sulphate, sulphite, thiosulphate, polysulphides, anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonate, dissolved metals, oxidised halogen compounds, nitrate and other compounds that must be removed.
- substrates such as nitrate, azo compounds, inorganic and organic sulphur compounds such as elemental sulphur, sulphate, sulphite, thiosulphate, polysulphides, anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonate, dissolved metals, oxidised halogen compounds, nitrate and other compounds that must be removed.
- the compounds can be present in liquid waste streams, if appropriate after extraction from the gas stream by scrubbing or the like. They can also be present e.g.
- methane-oxidising bacteria to be used include those of the Thermotogales order as described above, as well as other methane-oxidisers, e.g. those related to Desulfosarcina.
- the reduction step itself is in particular a biological reduction using suitable respiring organisms. This process is schematically illustrated in figure 1.
- the anaerobic methane oxidation is used to reduce oxidised sulphur compounds, such as sulphate, sulphite and elemental sulphur.
- oxidised sulphur compounds such as sulphate, sulphite and elemental sulphur.
- oxidised sulphur compounds such as sulphate, sulphite and elemental sulphur.
- sulphur-oxygen species such as sulphite and hydrogenated (e.g. bisulphite) and neutral (e.g. sulphur trioxide) equivalents are also comprised.
- the relevant total reaction can be simplified as follows:
- Suitable sulphate-reducing micro-organisms include mesophilic and thermophilic hydrogen-utilising strains from the bacterial sulphate- reducing genera, e.g. Desulforomonas, Desulfovibrio, Thermodesulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum (e.g. the strain described in WO 98/02524) as well as the archaeal sulphate-reducing genus, e.g.
- the conversion of sulphate by a coculture comprising the anaerobic methane oxidisers as described above can be carried out in a conventional bioreactor having an inlet for sulphate-containing water, e.g. originating from a gas desulphurisation plant, a gas inlet for methane supply, a liquid outlet for sulphide-containing water, a gas outlet for the resulting gas mixture containing e.g. residual methane, hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide, and optionally means for supporting the biomass and for keeping it in effective contact with the liquid and (dissolved) gaseous materials, optional filters for separating gaseous products from the culture mixture and means for maintaining the desired reactor temperature.
- a conventional bioreactor having an inlet for sulphate-containing water, e.g. originating from a gas desulphurisation plant, a gas inlet for methane supply, a liquid outlet for sulphide-containing water, a gas outlet for the resulting gas mixture containing e.g. residual
- a gas separation unit may be provided for separating the resulting gas mixture and returning recovered methane as well as a treatment unit for treating hydrogen sulphide, e.g. a unit for biologically converting sulphide to elemental sulphur and for separating off the sulphur.
- a treatment unit for treating hydrogen sulphide e.g. a unit for biologically converting sulphide to elemental sulphur and for separating off the sulphur. Since the bacteria do not use methane for their cell synthesis, further carbon sources, e.g. methanol, ethanol, organic acids, yeast extract or components thereof, or other organic matter should be supplied to the bioreactor, in addition to methane.
- FIG. 2 is a flow diagram for reducing sulphate to sulphide, followed by biological oxidation of sulphide to elemental sulphur.
- Fig. 3 shows sulphate reduction in combination with metal precipitation in the form of metal sulphides (MeS) by the hydrogen sulphide produced and oxidation of the surplus hydrogen sulphide to elemental sulphur.
- Fig. 4 shows two variants of a process for producing hydrogen sulphide, either by separate stripping, or by hydrogen sulphide removal using the methane stream. The hydrogen sulphide can be concentrated and used for sulphuric acid production.
- Fig. 5 illustrates sulphur dioxide removal from gases by scrubbing (first stage) followed by biological reduction as in figure 2.
- noxious bromate or chlorate can be used for reducing noxious bromate or chlorate to less noxious bromide and chloride.
- These compounds can be present in process water from chemical industries.
- the reduction of bromate or chlorate requires the presence of bromate- or chlorate-reducing species, which can be sulphate-reducing bacteria and archaea.
- Species capable of reducing chlorate or bromate those of the genera Dechlorosoma, Dechloromonas and Pseudomonas such as Pseudo- monas chloritidismutans, Dechloromonas agitata, Dechlorosoma suillum, strain GR-1.
- nitrate reduction can be performed using commonly known denitrifiers.
- Known denitrifying bacteria include Pseudomonas stutzeri, Paracoccus denitrificans, Haloarcula marismortui and Staphylococcus aureus.
- the process may be used for reducing metal ions to their low-valence or zero-valence state. They can be precipitated and separated in these lower valence states e.g. as oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, phosphates, sulphides or neutral metals.
- the biological reduction of metals is described for example in WO 00/39035.
- metals that can be reduced and converted to insoluble metals or insoluble metal oxides, hydroxides or the like include selenium, tellurium, uranium, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium, and manganese.
- Bacteria capable of reducing these metals include the genera Geobacter, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, De- sulfovibrio, Desulfobacterium, Desulfomicrobium, Desulforomonas and Alteromonas. If desired, a moving sand filter can be used for separating the resulting metal precipitates as described in WO 00/39035.
- methane-oxidising bacteria in providing reducing equivalents in (biological) reduction processes is beneficial in technical and economical terms.
- Current process using methane as the ultimate reducing agent require the intermediary use hydrogen to be produced from methane by chemical (catalytic) reforming. This implies the investment in and use of reformers or similar equipment and also consumes about 50% of the methane by combustion needed to keep the catalytic process at the necessary high temperature.
- the process of the invention can be carried out in a conventional bioreactor of the anaerobic type, having means for introducing a gas into the reactor contents and means for carrying off gases from the headspace of the reactor.
- the reactor can be of the stirred type, but preferably the reactor is of a type having biofilms, present on carrier particles such as sand, basalt, polymer particles etc., or in the form of granules, plates, membranes and the like, in order to optimise contact between the substrate (methane) and the micro-organisms, and - in case of coculture - between the different micro- organisms.
- An example of a suitable reactor type for the biological conversion is the so-called gaslift-loop reactor.
- This is a type of reactor which is especially beneficial when a gaseous substrate has to be supplied for the reaction. It is operated using a vertical circulation activated by the gas (methane) introduced at the bottom of the reactor.
- An example of such a reactor is the 500 m 3 gaslift-loop reactor used at the zinc plant of Budel Zinc in the Netherlands. In this case 10 tons/day of sulphate is reduced biologically by addition of 12,000 nmVday of hydrogen gas. Additionally, part of the bioreactor off-gas is recycled by compressors to improve the efficiency of the hydrogen utilisation.
- a membrane bioreactor is a membrane bioreactor, wherein biomass retention is effected by passing the reactor effluent through a (membrane) filter.
- a membrane bioreactor can also be useful for separating a gas product (such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulphide).
- a membrane which is permeable for the gas e.g. hydrogen sulphide
- the process of the invention can be carried out at atmospheric pressure, or - if desired - at elevated pressure, e.g. pressure in the of 10-100 bar, using appropriate pressure-resistant equipment. Elevated pressures may have the advantage of increasing the conversion rate of the biological processes using methane.
- Thermotoga maritima (DSM 3109) and Archaeoglobus profundus (DSM 5631) were purchased from the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (Braunschweig, DE). T. lettingae (DSM 14385) and Desulfotomaculum sp. strain WW1 were isolated in our laboratory.
- Anaerobic culture techniques were used throughout this study. The cells were grown in an anaerobic medium typically supplemented with 0.15 g/1 yeast extract.
- the medium contained (per liter demineralised water) 0.335 g of KC1, 4.0 g of MgCl 2 . 6H 2 O, 3.45 g of MgSO 4 . 7H 2 O, 0.25 g of NH 4 C1, 10 g of NaCl, 0.10 g of K 2 HPO 4 , 4.0 g of NaHCO 3 , 0.5 g of Na 2 S.
- the sulphate reducers were grown for 1 day and then the gas phase was changed to 180 kPa N 2 /CO 2 (80/20, v/v) and CH 4 gas was added to the final concentration of 1.75 mmol per vial.
- the A. profundus culture was inoculated with T. maritima and the Desulfoto- maculum sp. with T. lettingae.
- methane adapted cultures of T. maritima and T. lettingae were used. Since the medium already contained nearly 1 mmol of sulphate per vial, no sulphate was added.
- the H 13 CO 3 " concentration in the liquid phase was calculated from the amount of CO 2 which accumulated in the gas phase after acidification.
- Thiosulphate and sulphate were analysed by HPLC (see: Scholten and Stams, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1995) 68, 309-315). Sulphide was determined as described by Triiper and Schlegel (see: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1964) 30, 225-238).
- Total CO 2 includes C0 2 from the medium composition in liquid and gas phases and 13 C- carbon dioxide formed
- Total sulphide includes sulphide from the medium composition in liquid and gas phases and sulphide formed during methane oxidation f ; Ballooning cells were not taken into account during counting of the cells
- Example 2 Biomass analysis: Thermotoga lettingae and Thermotoga martima were grown with labelled methane and thiosulfate at 65 and 80 °C, respectively. After growth, cells were centrifuged. The percentage C in the supernatant and the cell pellet were analysed. As shown before, 13 C labelled bicarbonate was formed, but we could not detect any label incorporation in biomass. This indicates that no cell biomass is formed from methane or its degradation products, but from yeast extract supplied to the medium Thus, it seems that the bacteria have a split metabolism.
- Methane-oxidizing activity was determined in cell free extracts prepared from methane grown cells. We could measure high activities of an NAD-dependent methane dehydrogenase (> 1 Dmol.min ⁇ .mg ⁇ protein) at pH 9 and 65°C. At 80°C no activity could be measured. The apparent reaction is: Methane + NAD + + H2O - methanol + NADH + H +
- Table 2a 13 C-methane oxidation by T. maritima (T.m.) in coculture with Archaeoglobus profundus (A.p.) in the presence of sulphate ⁇ .
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002506730A CA2506730A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 | 2003-11-20 | Process for anaerobic oxidation of methane |
AU2003282630A AU2003282630A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 | 2003-11-20 | Process for anaerobic oxidation of methane |
US10/535,750 US20060205051A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2003-11-20 | Process for anaerobic oxidation of methane |
EP03774392A EP1563082A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 | 2003-11-20 | Process for anaerobic oxidation of methane |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02079845.0 | 2002-11-20 | ||
EP02079845 | 2002-11-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004046367A1 true WO2004046367A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
Family
ID=32319635
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NL2003/000818 WO2004046367A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 | 2003-11-20 | Process for anaerobic oxidation of methane |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1563082A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1714154A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003282630A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2506730A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004046367A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200504108B (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005056809A1 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2005-06-23 | Faraj Consultants Pty Ltd. | Method and device for microbial hydrogen production |
EP1866424A2 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2007-12-19 | Luca Technologies, LLC | Generation of materials with enhanced hydrogen content from microbial consortia including thermotoga |
EP1866425A2 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2007-12-19 | Luca Technologies, LLC | Generation of materials with enhanced hydrogen content from anaerobic microbial consortia |
CN1834231B (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2011-01-19 | 株式会社日立工业设备技术 | Method and equipment for cultivating anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria |
WO2011061300A3 (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2012-03-08 | Institut De Recherche Pour Le Developpement (I.R.D.) | Method of the cleanup of contaminated site/sediments |
CN102966083A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Ecological ditch constructing method for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland drainage |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002006503A2 (en) * | 2000-07-18 | 2002-01-24 | United States Department Of Energy | Process for generation of hydrogen gas from various feedstocks using thermophilic bacteria |
-
2003
- 2003-11-20 CA CA002506730A patent/CA2506730A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-20 WO PCT/NL2003/000818 patent/WO2004046367A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-11-20 AU AU2003282630A patent/AU2003282630A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-20 EP EP03774392A patent/EP1563082A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-11-20 CN CN 200380103825 patent/CN1714154A/en active Pending
-
2005
- 2005-05-20 ZA ZA200504108A patent/ZA200504108B/en unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002006503A2 (en) * | 2000-07-18 | 2002-01-24 | United States Department Of Energy | Process for generation of hydrogen gas from various feedstocks using thermophilic bacteria |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
Title |
---|
BALK MELIKE ET AL: "Thermotoga lettingae sp. nov., a novel thermophilic, methanol-degrading bacterium isolated from a thermophilic anaerobic reactor.", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY. ENGLAND JUL 2002, vol. 52, no. Pt 4, July 2002 (2002-07-01), pages 1361 - 1368, XP008015281, ISSN: 1466-5026 * |
BOETIUS ANTJE ET AL: "A marine microbial consortium apparently mediating anaerobic oxidation of methane.", NATURE (LONDON), vol. 407, no. 6804, 2000, pages 623 - 626, XP002236081, ISSN: 0028-0836 * |
HINRICHS KAI-UWE ET AL: "Methane-consuming archaebacteria in marine sediments.", NATURE (LONDON), vol. 398, no. 6730, 29 April 1999 (1999-04-29), pages 802 - 805, XP002236085, ISSN: 0028-0836 * |
HOEHLER TORI M ET AL: "Field and laboratory studies of methane oxidation in an anoxic marine sediment: Evidence for a methanogen-sulfate reducer consortium.", GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, vol. 8, no. 4, 1994, pages 451 - 463, XP008015376, ISSN: 0886-6236 * |
NAUHAUS KATJA ET AL: "In vitro demonstration of anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to sulphate reduction in sediment from a marine gas hydrate area.", ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY. ENGLAND MAY 2002, vol. 4, no. 5, May 2002 (2002-05-01), pages 296 - 305, XP002236082, ISSN: 1462-2912 * |
VALENTINE D L ET AL: "Hydrogen production by methanogens under low-hydrogen conditions.", ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY. GERMANY DEC 2000, vol. 174, no. 6, December 2000 (2000-12-01), pages 415 - 421, XP002236084, ISSN: 0302-8933 * |
VALENTINE D L ET AL: "New perspectives on anaerobic methane oxidation.", ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY. ENGLAND OCT 2000, vol. 2, no. 5, October 2000 (2000-10-01), pages 477 - 484, XP002236083, ISSN: 1462-2912 * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005056809A1 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2005-06-23 | Faraj Consultants Pty Ltd. | Method and device for microbial hydrogen production |
CN1834231B (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2011-01-19 | 株式会社日立工业设备技术 | Method and equipment for cultivating anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria |
EP1866424A2 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2007-12-19 | Luca Technologies, LLC | Generation of materials with enhanced hydrogen content from microbial consortia including thermotoga |
EP1866425A2 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2007-12-19 | Luca Technologies, LLC | Generation of materials with enhanced hydrogen content from anaerobic microbial consortia |
EP1866425A4 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2009-09-23 | Luca Technologies Llc | Generation of materials with enhanced hydrogen content from anaerobic microbial consortia |
EP1866424A4 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2009-09-30 | Luca Technologies Llc | Generation of materials with enhanced hydrogen content from microbial consortia including thermotoga |
WO2011061300A3 (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2012-03-08 | Institut De Recherche Pour Le Developpement (I.R.D.) | Method of the cleanup of contaminated site/sediments |
CN102966083A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Ecological ditch constructing method for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland drainage |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1714154A (en) | 2005-12-28 |
AU2003282630A8 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
EP1563082A1 (en) | 2005-08-17 |
AU2003282630A1 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
CA2506730A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
ZA200504108B (en) | 2006-07-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Qian et al. | Recent advances in dissimilatory sulfate reduction: from metabolic study to application | |
Colleran et al. | Anaerobic treatment of sulphate-containing waste streams | |
McCartney et al. | Competition between methanogens and sulfate reducers: effect of COD: sulfate ratio and acclimation | |
Visser et al. | Anaerobic degradation of volatile fatty acids at different sulphate concentrations | |
Cardoso et al. | Sulfide oxidation under chemolithoautotrophic denitrifying conditions | |
Weijma et al. | Competition for H2 between sulfate reducers, methanogens and homoacetogens in a gas-lift reactor | |
Yoo et al. | Mechanism of decolorization of azo dyes in anaerobic mixed culture | |
Lens et al. | The biological sulfur cycle: novel opportunities for environmental biotechnology | |
Buisman et al. | Biotechnological process for sulphide removal with sulphur reclamation | |
Mizuno et al. | Effects of sulfate concentration and sludge retention time on the interaction between methane production and sulfate reduction for butyrate | |
Liu et al. | Removal of sulfate and heavy metals by sulfate-reducing bacteria in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor | |
Wang et al. | Multiple electron acceptor-mediated sulfur autotrophic denitrification: Nitrogen source competition, long-term performance and microbial community evolution | |
Nguyen et al. | Roles, mechanism of action, and potential applications of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria for environmental bioremediation | |
SK282687B6 (en) | Sulphur reducing bacterium and its use in biological desulphurisa tion processes | |
Azabou et al. | Sulfate reduction from phosphogypsum using a mixed culture of sulfate-reducing bacteria | |
Zhang et al. | Performance of sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation | |
ZA200504108B (en) | Process for anaerobic oxidation of methane | |
Vallero et al. | Effect of sulfate on methanol degradation in thermophilic (55 C) methanogenic UASB reactors | |
An et al. | Biological removal of nitrate by an oil reservoir culture capable of autotrophic and heterotrophic activities: kinetic evaluation and modeling of heterotrophic process | |
Kosgey et al. | Biological nitrogen removal from low carbon wastewater | |
Sabumon | Development of a novel process for anoxic ammonia removal with sulphidogenesis | |
Battaglia-Brunet et al. | Reduction of chromate by fixed films of sulfate-reducing bacteria using hydrogen as an electron source | |
Frederiksen et al. | The transformation of inorganic sulfur compounds and the assimilation of organic and inorganic carbon by the sulfur disproportionating bacterium Desulfocapsa sulfoexigens | |
Hu et al. | Effects of operational variations of micro-oxygenation and pH shock on the competition between methane production and sulfate reduction in a UASB reactor | |
Stams et al. | Citric acid wastewater as electron donor for biological sulfate reduction |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2506730 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2005/04108 Country of ref document: ZA Ref document number: 20038A38256 Country of ref document: CN Ref document number: 200504108 Country of ref document: ZA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2003774392 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2003774392 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10535750 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 10535750 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 2003774392 Country of ref document: EP |