WO2004046268A1

WO2004046268A1 - Star-branched silicone polymers as anti -mist additives for coating applications

Info

Publication number: WO2004046268A1
Application number: PCT/US2003/035185
Authority: WO
Inventors: John Alfred Kilgour; Edwin C. Cua; John A. Cummings
Original assignee: General Electric Company
Priority date: 2002-11-15
Filing date: 2003-11-05
Publication date: 2004-06-03
Also published as: CN1738879A; US20040097680A1; JP2006508206A; CN100363427C; EP1563023A1; AU2003290618A1; EP1563023B1; KR20050075421A; RU2005118412A; US6774201B2; BR0315709A

Abstract

Star branched siloxane compounds suitable as anti-mist additives in the coating of flexible supports are made as the reaction product of: M'gMaMHb&lowbar;gDcD'hDHa-hTeT'iTHf and (MjMv'kDlDv'mTnTv'oQp)q, in the presence of a noble metal hydrosilylation catalyst where the ratio between the hydride containing precursor and the vinyl containing precursor is defined by a mathematical relationship between the stoichiometric subscripts of the precursors, (b+d+f-g-h-i)/(((k+m+o)p)q) ranging from 4.59 to 0.25 and where the compound: M'gMaMHb&lowbar;gDeD'hDHaa,TeT';THf&lowbar;; may be obtained by the following reaction: MaMHbDcDHdTeTHf + a CH2=CHR1 4 M'gMaMHb-gDeD'j,DHa&lowbar;hTeT';THf&lowbar;I , which compound itself is a star branched siloxane compound useful as an anti-mist additive.

Description

STAR-BRANCHED SILICONE POLYMERS AS ANTI -MIST ADDITIVES FOR COATING APPLICATIONS

FIELD OF USE

The present invention relates to coating flexible materials or supports such as sheets of paper or other polymeric material, either woven or non- woven, with a silicone composition. The present invention also relates to the coating of flexible materials or supports with liquid compositions comprising one or more cross-linkable polyorganosiloxanes wherein such polyorganosiloxanes are cross-linkable by an addition reaction, a condensation reaction, a cationic reaction, or a free-radical reaction. The present invention also relates to star branched polyorganosiloxanes (silicone polymers) that reduce misting during the application of the silicone composition (polyorganosiloxane) to the flexible material or support. The flexible support may be paper, cardboard, plastic film, metal film and the like. Some exemplary applications are paper for foodstuffs, adhesive labels, adhesive tapes, seals and the like.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

The coating of flexible supports with liquid silicones is typically carried out on coating devices that operate continuously at very high speed. These devices usually comprise coating heads composed of several rolls, including in particular a pressure roll and a coating roll that are continuously fed with a silicone composition that may or may not be cross-linkable, by means of a series of rolls that are placed next to one another. A strip of flexible support of the desired material to be coated is fed at high speed between the pressure roll and the coating roll to be coated on at least one of its surfaces. When it is intended to cross link the silicone coating, apparatus to implement a cross linking reaction are positioned downstream of the coating head. The apparatus that implements cross linking may be for example an oven or an emitter of radiation, e.g. ultraviolet (UV) radiation or an emitter of a beam of electrons (EB).

High speed coating of flexible supports with silicones has been associated with problems associated with the transfer of the silicone liquid (or fluid) from the coating roll to the flexible support, which moves forward through the coating apparatus. One of the particular problems associated with transfer of the silicone liquid from the coating roll to the flexible support is the appearance of a fog, mist or aerosol in the immediate vicinity of the coating head and particularly close to the points of contact between the coating roll and the flexible support being coated. Typically, the density of this fog, mist or aerosol increases with an increase in the forward speed of the flexible support being coated by the apparatus.

The first effect of this transfer problem is to reduce the amount of silicone liquid actually transferred to the flexible support. A second effect is for the droplets comprising the fog, mist or aerosol to condense onto the newly coated flexible support downstream of the coating rolls creating an orange peel effect. This orange peel effect, or coating non-uniformity, creates problems with coverage, the mechanical properties of the coating, e.g. ruboff, and adhesion resistance.

An additional problem caused by non-uniformity in the coating is related to industrial hygiene and the safety of people operating the coating equipment who are working in the vicinity of the coating equipment.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides for a composition to reduce misting during the coating of flexible supports comprising the hydrosilylation reaction product of:

a) M_aM^HbDcD^H _dTcT^Hf ; and b) an amount α of CH₂=CHR^]

where α+l<b+d+f and g < b, h < d, i < f with 1.5 < b + d + f < 100; 2< a + b < 12; 0 < c + d < 1000; 0 < e + f < 10 and R¹ is a monovalent radical selected from the group consisting of halogens, hydrogen, Cl to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent polyester radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent nitrile radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent alkyl halide radicals and Cl to C60 monovalent polyether radicals and mixtures thereof; where

M = R²R³R⁴SiOι/₂;

M^H = HR⁵R⁶Si0_1/2;

D = R⁷R⁸Si0₂/₂;

D^H = HR°Si0_2/2;

T = R"Si0_3/2;

T^H = HSi0_3/2; and said reaction product has the formula:

M'_gM_aMH_b-_gD_cD'_hDH_d-_hT_eT'iTH_f-i where

M' = (CH₂CHR¹)R⁵R⁶Si0₁/₂;

D' = (CH₂CHR¹)R^QSi0₂/₂; and

with each R², R3, R4, R5₁ R6, R^ R8 R9 _ancj RΠ independently selected from the group of Cl to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals where the subscripts a, b, c , d , e , f , g, h, and i are zero or positive subject to the limitations that b + d + f-g-h-i>0.

The present invention further provides for a composition to reduce misting during the coating of flexible supports comprising the hydrosilylation reaction product of: a) M'_gM_aMH_b-_gD_cD'_hDH_d-_hT_eT'iTH_f.j and

b) (M_jM^V>_kDιD^Vi _mTnT ⁱ ₀)_pQ_p)_q where

the subscripts j, k, 1, m, n, o and p are zero or positive subject to the limitation that k + m + o > 0, k + m + o < b + d + f - g - h - i , p ranges from 0.4 to 4.0, q is non-zero and positive subject to the limitation that:

(b+d+f-g-h-i)/(((k+m+o)p)q) ranges from 4.59 to 0.25, where

_Dvi ₌ RViRi0SiO_{2 2};

T^Vi = R ⁱSi0_3/2;

Q = Si0₄/₂; where

R¹⁰ is independently selected from the group of Cl to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals and each R^Vl is independently selected from the group of C2 to C60 monovalent alkenyl hydrocarbon radicals.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The star branched siloxane compounds of the present invention are made as the reaction product of:

M'gMaM^Hb-gDcD'hD^Hd-hTeT'iT^Hf-i and (M_jM^Vi _kDιD ⁱ _mT_nT^Vi ₀)_pQ_p)_q,

in the presence of a noble metal hydrosilylation catalyst where the subscripts a, b, c , d , e , f , g, h, i, j, k, 1, m, n, o, p, are zero or positive and q is non-zero and positive, for mixtures of compounds the average values of each of the subscripts will most likely be non-integral, for specific compounds the subscripts will be integral, with k + m + o > 0 and k + m + o < b + d + f - g - h - i , p ranges from 0.4 to 4.0, preferably 0.5 to 3.0, more preferably 0.5 to 2.5 and most preferably 0.5 to 1.5 and all sub-ranges there between and q ranges from 1 to 200, preferably 1 to 100, more preferably 1 to 75 and most preferably 1 to 50 and all sub-ranges there between where the ratio between the hydride containing precursor and the vinyl containing precursor is defined by the following mathematical relationship between the stoichiometric subscripts of the precursors, (b+d+f-g-h-i)/(((k+m+o)p)q) ranges from 4.59 to 0.25, preferably from 4.5 to 0.25; more preferably from 4.5 to 0.25 and most preferably from 4.0 to 0.25and all sub-ranges there between and specifically including 3.5 to 0.25; 3.0 to 0.25; 2.5 to 0.25 and 2.0 to 0.25; and where the compound:

M'_gM_aMH_b-_gD_cD'_hDH_d-_hT_eT'iTH_f-i

may be obtained by the following reaction:

M_aM^HbDcD^HdTeTHf + α CH₂=CHRⁱ -> M'gMaMHb-gDcD'hDHd-hTeT'iTHf-i

where α + l < b + d + f and g < b, h < d, i < f with 1.5 < b + d + f < 100; 2 < a + b < 12; 0 < c + d < 1000; 0 < e + f < 10 and R¹ is a monovalent radical selected from the group consisting of halogens, hydrogen, Cl to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent polyester radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent nitrile radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent alkyl halide radicals and Cl to C60 monovalent polyether radicals and mixtures thereof; with

M = R²R³R SiOι/₂;

M^H = HR⁵R⁶SiOι/₂;

D = R⁷R«Si0_2/2;

D^H = HR^QSi0₂ ; _Dvι ₌ RViRio_Siθ_2/2;

T = R"Si0₃/₂;

T^H = HSi0₃/₂; T^Vi = R ⁱSi0_3/2; Q = Si0_4/2;

M' = (CH₂CHRⁱ)R⁵R⁶SiOι/₂;

D' = (CH₂CHR¹)R^QSi0₂/ ; and

T' = (CH₂CHRⁱ)Si0_3/2 with each R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ , R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, and R¹¹ independently selected from the group of Cl to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals and each R^Vi independently selected from the group of C2 to C60 monovalent alkenyl hydrocarbon radicals; it should be noted that the compositions of the present invention require b + d + f - g - h - i > 0. Methods for making MQ resins, such as (MjM^VikDιD^Vi _mT_nT ⁱ ₀)pQ)q, are described in US patent 5,817,729, US patent 5,399,614 and US patent 2,676,182 herewith and hereby specifically incorporated by reference. The phrase Cl to C60 is a carbon number range ranging from 1 to 60 and includes both aliphatic and aromatic radicals, e.g. styryl, this range also includes the following specific sub-ranges, 15 to 60, 30 to 60, 45 to 60, 1 to 15, 1 to 30, 1 to 45, 10 to 30, 10 to 40, 10 to 50 and all sub-ranges therebetween.

The star branched silicone compounds of the present invention are described as the reaction product of the following two compounds:

M^,gM_aM^Hb-gDcD^,hD^H _d._hTeT^,iT^Hf.₁ and ((MjM ⁱ _kDιD^VimTr,T^V'₀)_pQ)_q, because of the multiplicity of hydrosilylation sites available for reaction on each of the component molecules being reacted and the difficulties of reducing such a stochastic chemical reaction to an analytic description.

The compositions of the present invention may be made by neat reactions or by reactions where the reactants are diluted by solvent. Because of the long chain nature of the substituents in these materials, neat reactions, i.e. reactions conducted in the absence of any non-participating solvent, will tend to produce products that conform to the molecular descriptions herein but possessing a more entangled macro-structure. If less entangled macro-structures of these compounds are desired, the preparative reactions should be conducted in suitable solvent media, e.g. cyclic siloxanes, inert hydrocarbon solvents and the like.

Many types of noble metal catalysts for this hydrosilylation reaction are known and such catalysts may be used for the reaction in the present instance. When optical clarity is required the preferred catalysts are catalysts that are soluble in the reaction mixture. By noble metal, Applicants define Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt as noble metals and also include Ni in the definition because of its known hydrogenation activity. Preferably the catalyst is a platinum compound and the platinum compound can be selected from those having the formula (PtC^Olefin) and H(PtC-3θlefin) as described in U.S. patent number 3,159,601, hereby incorporated by reference. The olefin shown in the previous two formulas can be almost any type of olefin but is preferably an alkenylene having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkenylene have from 5 to 7 carbon atoms or styrene. Specific olefins utilizable in the above formulas are ethylene, propylene, the various isomers of butylene, octylene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, and the like.

A further platinum containing material usable in the compositions of the present invention is the cyclopropane complex of platinum chloride described in U.S. patent number 3,159,662 hereby incorporated by reference.

Further the platinum containing material can be a complex formed from chloroplatinic acid with up to 2 moles per gram of platinum of a member selected from the class consisting of alcohols, ethers, aldehydes and mixtures of the above as described in U.S. patent number 3,220,972 hereby incorporated by reference.

The catalyst preferred for use with liquid injection molding compositions are described in U. S. Patents numbers 3,715,334; 3,775,452; and 3,814,730 to Karstedt. Additional background concerning the art may be found at J. L. Spier, "Homogeneous Catalysis of Hydrosilation by Transition Metals, in Advances in Organometallic Chemistry, volume 17, pages 407 through 447, F.G.A. Stone and R. West editors, published by the Academic Press (New York, 1979). Persons skilled in the art can easily determine an effective amount of platinum catalyst. Generally, an effective amount for hydrosilylation ranges from about 0.1 to 50 parts per million of the total organopolysiloxane composition and all sub-ranges there between.

EXPERIMENTAL

By way of example, 19.9 grams (0.083 moles) of a C16-18 alpha olefin was mixed under a blanket of nitrogen gas with 1000 grams ( 0.21 moles) of a silyl hydride terminated polydimethylsiloxane and 10 ppm Pt added as Karstedt catalyst. The reaction was heated and stirred at 95 °C for approximately four hours to allow the olefin to add to the siloxane polymer. Quantitative chemical analysis of residual SiH indicated that the desired amount of hydrogen had been consumed in attaching the olefin to the siloxane. Optionally this product may be isolated before further reaction.

5.2 grams (.05 moles) of an ((M^V|)₂Q)4 resin was added to the product of the first reaction. An additional 10 ppm Pt as Karstedt catalyst was added and the reaction stirred and heated to 95 °C for approximately four hours. Quantitative chemical analysis indicated that the vinyl and hydride functional groups had reacted to the desired degree. This product was isolated and tested as an Anti Mist Additive as reported in Tables 1 and 2 below.

Table 1 shows examples of the synthesis of the structures of the anti mist additives based on the path described above. The SiH/SiVinyl is the ratio of moles of silyl hydrides available for reaction to the moles of silyl vinyl available for reaction. In the compounds shown, the SiH/SiVinyl ratio runs from 0.2 to 2.75, but a larger usable range spans from 0.22 to 4.5.

Table 2 shows the anti misting behavior of the invention. The measurements were made during runs on 2.5 mil SC Rhi-Liner 12 paper using a pilot coater with a line speed of 2000 ft/minute. The paper was coated with a standard silicone paper release formulation containing ~ 2% anti mist additive with a target of 0.6 to 0.9 pounds per ream. The mist was measured using a DustTrack Aerosol Monitor. The intake port was positioned in the highest observed misting area thus providing the highest expected values. The position does not reflect normal environmental testing nor does it guarantee specific values under all operating conditions. The measurement is in mg of mist material per cubic meter of air, the lower values being more desirable as they represent less misting.

The results show the anti misting materials generated for this invention reduce the amount of generated mist at 2000 ft/min compared to the control formulation containing no anti mist additive. Quite surprisingly the mist is often reduced by a factor of greater than ten, often by about 100.

Table 1: Anti Mist Additive Synthesis

Table 2: Anti Mist Measurements

II The foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the invention, serving to illustrate only some of the features of the present invention. The appended claims are intended to claim the invention as broadly as it has been conceived and the examples herein presented are illustrative of selected embodiments from a manifold of all possible embodiments. Accordingly it is Applicants' intention that the appended claims are not to be limited by the choice of examples utilized to illustrate features of the present invention. As used in the claims, the word "comprises" and its grammatical variants logically also subtend and include phrases of varying and differing extent such as for example, but not limited thereto, "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of." Where necessary, ranges have been supplied, those ranges are inclusive of all sub-ranges there between. It is to be expected that variations in these ranges will suggest themselves to a practitioner having ordinary skill in the art and where not already dedicated to the public, those variations should where possible be construed to be covered by the appended claims. It is also anticipated that advances in science and technology will make equivalents and substitutions possible that are not now contemplated by reason of the imprecision of language and these variations should also be construed where possible to be covered by the appended claims. All United States patents referenced herein are herewith and hereby specifically incorporated by reference.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. Composition to reduce misting during the coating of flexible supports comprising the hydrosilylation reaction product of:

a) M_aM^HbDcD^HdTeT^H _f;and

b) an amount α of CH₂=CHR^α

where +l<b + d + f with 1.5 < b + d + f < 100; 2<a + b<12;0<c + d< 1000; 0<e + f<10 and R¹ is a monovalent radical selected from the group consisting of halogens, hydrogen, Cl to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent polyester radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent nitrile radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent alkyl halide radicals and Cl to C60 monovalent polyether radicals and mixtures thereof; where

M = R²R³RSi0_{1 2};

M^H = HR⁵R⁶Si0_{1 2};

D = R⁷R⁸Si0₂/₂;

D^H = HR⁹Si0_2/2;

T = R"Si0_3/2;

T« = HSi0₃₂; and said reaction product has the formula:

M'gMaM^Hb-gDcD'hD^Hd-hTeT'.T^Hf-, where

M' = (CH₂CHRⁱ)R⁵R⁶SiOι_/2;

D' = (CH₂CHR^!)R⁹Si0₂/2; and

with each R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ , R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and R¹¹ independently selected from the group of Cl to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals where the subscripts a, b, c , d , e , f , g, h, and i are zero or positive subject to the limitation that b + d + f - g - h - i > 0.

2. A composition comprising the hydrosilylation reaction product of: a) the reaction product composition of claim 1 and b) (M_jM^Vi _kD₁D^vi _mTnT^v>o)_pQp)_q where the subscripts j, k, 1, m, n, o and p are zero or positive subject to the limitation that k + m + o > 0, k + m + o < b + d + f - g - h - i , p ranges from 0.4 to 4.0, q is non-zero and positive subject to the limitation that:

(b+d+f-g-h-i)/(((k+m+o)p)q) ranges from 4.59 to 0.25, where

_DVi ₌ RViRi0_SiO_2/2;

T ⁱ = R ⁱSi0₃/₂;

Q = Si0₄/₂; where

R¹⁰ is independently selected from the group of Cl to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals and each R^Vi is independently selected from the group of C2 to C60 monovalent alkenyl hydrocarbon radicals.

3. The composition of claim 2 wherein R¹ a is selected from the group consisting of Cl to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent polyester radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent nitrile radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent alkyl halide radicals and Cl to C60 monovalent polyether radicals.

4. The composition of claim 2 wherein R¹ a is selected from the group consisting of C15 to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, C15 to C60 monovalent polyester radicals, C15 to C60 monovalent nitrile radicals, C15 to C60 monovalent alkyl halide radicals and C15 to C60 monovalent polyether radicals.

5. The composition of claim 2 wherein R¹ a is selected from the group consisting of C30 to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, C30 to C60 monovalent polyester radicals, C30 to C60 monovalent nitrile radicals, C30 to C60 monovalent alkyl halide radicals and C30 to C60 monovalent polyether radicals.

6. The composition of claim 3 where each R², R³, R4, R5, R6, R7, RS_/ R9_/ R¹⁰, and R¹¹ are methyl.

7. The composition of claim 4 where each R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ , R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, and R» are methyl.

8. The composition of claim 5 where each R², R³, R⁴, R5 , R^β, R , R^β, R9, R¹⁰, and R^π are methyl.

9. The composition of claim 2 wherein R¹ is styryl.

10. The composition of claim 9 where each R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ , R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, and R¹¹ are methyl.

11. A composition comprising the hydrosilylation reaction product of: a) MaM^HbD_cD^HdT_eT^Hf; and

b) an amount α of CH₂=CHR¹

where α + l < b + d + f and g < b, h < d, i < f with 1.5 < b + d + f < 100; 2 < a + b < 12; 0 < c + d < 1000; 0 < e + f < 10 and R¹ is a monovalent radical selected from the group consisting of halogens, hydrogen, Cl to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent polyester radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent nitrile radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent alkyl halide radicals and Cl to C60 monovalent polyether radicals; where

M^H = HR⁵R⁶SiOι/₂;

D = R⁷R⁸Si0_2/2; DH = HR⁹Si0_{2 2};

T = R"Si0₃/₂;

T^H = HSi0_{3 2}; and said reaction product has the formula:

M'gM_aM^Hb-gDcD'hD^Hd-hT_cT'iT^Hf-i where

M' = (CH₂CHRⁱ)R⁵R⁶Si0_1/2;

D' = (CH₂CHR¹)R⁹Si0_2/2; and

T' = (CH₂CHR¹)Si0_3/2 with each R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ , R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and R¹¹ independently selected from the group of Cl to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals where the subscripts a, b, c , d , e , f , g, h, and i are zero or positive subject to the limitations that g > 0; b-g > 0; h > 0; and d-h > 0.

12. A composition comprising the hydrosilylation reaction product of: a) the reaction product composition of claim 11 and b) (M_jM i_kDιD i_mT_nTVi ₀)_pQ_p)_q where

(b+d+f-g-h-i)/(((k+m+o)p)q) ranges from 4.59 to 0.25, where

T ⁱ = R ⁱSi0_3/2;

Q = Si0₄/₂; where R¹⁰ is independently selected from the group of Cl to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals and each R^Vl is independently selected from the group of C2 to C60 monovalent alkenyl hydrocarbon radicals.

13. The composition of claim 12 wherein R¹ a is selected from the group consisting of Cl to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent polyester radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent nitrile radicals, Cl to C60 monovalent alkyl halide radicals and Cl to C60 monovalent polyether radicals.

14. The composition of claim 12 wherein R¹ a is selected from the group consisting of C15 to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, C15 to C60 monovalent polyester radicals, C15 to C60 monovalent nitrile radicals, C15 to C60 monovalent alkyl halide radicals and C15 to C60 monovalent polyether radicals.

15. The composition of claim 12 wherein R¹ a is selected from the group consisting of C30 to C60 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, C30 to C60 monovalent polyester radicals, C30 to C60 monovalent nitrile radicals, C30 to C60 monovalent alkyl halide radicals and C30 to C60 monovalent polyether radicals.

16. The composition of claim 13 where each R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ , R6, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, and R» are methyl.

17. The composition of claim 14 where each R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ , R^β, R⁷ _/ R^β, R⁹, R¹⁰, and R¹¹ are methyl.

18. The composition of claim 15 where each R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ , R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, and R¹¹ are methyl.

19. The composition of claim 12 wherein R¹ is styryl.

20. The composition of claim 19 where each R², R³, R , R⁵ , R⁶, R _# R⁸ R⁹, R¹⁰, and R» are methyl.

21. A process to reduce misting in the coating of a flexible substrate said process comprising preparing a coating composition for coating said substrate and adding thereto the composition of claim 11.

22. A process to reduce misting in the coating of a flexible substrate said process comprising preparing a coating composition for coating said substrate and adding thereto the composition of claim 12.

23. A process to reduce misting in the coating of a flexible substrate said process comprising preparing a coating composition for coating said substrate and adding thereto the composition of claim 13.

24. A process to reduce misting in the coating of a flexible substrate said process comprising preparing a coating composition for coating said substrate and adding thereto the composition of claim 14.

25. A process to reduce misting in the coating of a flexible substrate said process comprising preparing a coating composition for coating said substrate and adding thereto the composition of claim 15.

26. A process to reduce misting in the coating of a flexible substrate said process comprising preparing a coating composition for coating said substrate and adding thereto the composition of claim 16.

27. A process to reduce misting in the coating of a flexible substrate said process comprising preparing a coating composition for coating said substrate and adding thereto the composition of claim 17.

28. A process to reduce misting in the coating of a flexible substrate said process comprising preparing a coating composition for coating said substrate and adding thereto the composition of claim 18.

29. A process to reduce misting in the coating of a flexible substrate said process comprising preparing a coating composition for coating said substrate and adding thereto the composition of claim 19.

30. A process to reduce misting in the coating of a flexible substrate said process comprising preparing a coating composition for coating said substrate and adding thereto the composition of claim 20.