WO2004043879A1 - Apparatus and method for upgrading organic waste into natural fertilizer (or earthworm compost) - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for upgrading organic waste into natural fertilizer (or earthworm compost) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004043879A1
WO2004043879A1 PCT/FR2003/003322 FR0303322W WO2004043879A1 WO 2004043879 A1 WO2004043879 A1 WO 2004043879A1 FR 0303322 W FR0303322 W FR 0303322W WO 2004043879 A1 WO2004043879 A1 WO 2004043879A1
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Prior art keywords
organic matter
container
walls
compost
upgrading
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PCT/FR2003/003322
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French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Lepeltier
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Pierre Lepeltier
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Priority to AU2003290160A priority Critical patent/AU2003290160A1/en
Publication of WO2004043879A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004043879A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
    • A01K67/0332—Earthworms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/05—Treatments involving invertebrates, e.g. worms, flies or maggots
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/907—Small-scale devices without mechanical means for feeding or discharging material, e.g. garden compost bins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for the recovery of organic matter (OM) in compost or more precisely in vermicompost.
  • OM organic matter
  • the particularity of vermicomosting compared to traditional composting lies in the fact that we can compost Organic Matter (MO) much faster,
  • the present invention offers the additional advantage of recovering OM with a reduced relative volume and less maintenance, for a high quality finished product. This device avoids the production of leachate.
  • This product is aimed at individuals, local communities, various organizations, the food industry ...
  • the container (6) has a cover (1) thus allowing complete closure of the plastic case (or any other material which is not very breathable or not breathable). Only ventilation openings: high (7) and low (8), allow ventilation, materialized respectively by (7 ') and (8').
  • the container can have an overall dimension of: L 600 x 1g 400 x h 175 mm (bin standards Europe).
  • microporous structure (4) such as terracotta or other.
  • this structure can be made up of four independent elements, detail of one of the four elements in (4 ').
  • the opposite element to (4 ') is identical to the latter, the two others which are perpendicular to it can be different in their length but each of the two
  • the N2T have the possibility of crossing the obstacle which constitutes the breathable structure, in order to temporarily take refuge in the negative space .
  • the space between the top of the microporous structure and the cover must be at least sufficient to allow the N2T to pass.
  • the ventilation holes (7 & 8) Thanks to the ventilation holes (7 & 8), the contained substrate, the microflora and the fauna breathe, thus promoting aerobic activity.
  • a good litter located inside the breathable structure, consisting for example of paper / cardboard, MO having a high carbon / nitrogen ratio (> 16) and having already fermented or manure having at least three weeks of age. The biomass is then deposited on the surface of the litter.
  • the MO intake can begin, slowly at first. It includes all types of MO, the
  • the OM used will therefore, for example, consist of fruit and vegetable peelings, cellulose-based materials (paper, cardboard, etc.), garden soil and / or vermicompost in order to inoculate the new substrate and d '' promote its biodiversity. It is important that the intake of OM is regular but progressive and follows
  • a graduation in centimeters on the breathable support may appear, this in order to know the thickness of the existing substrate and the total thickness of the bed possible.
  • the grid comprising the vast majority of N2T is lifted and set aside. This method allows the separation between the finished product (vermicompost) and the N2T.
  • the latter can, thanks to the grid, be gently redeposited at the bottom of the box. The grid is set aside. Another cycle resumes.
  • the invention is based on an increase in the interfaces / dedicated volume ratio. It therefore makes it possible, at equal volume, to optimize the quantity of OM recovered.
  • the containers being independent of each other and in the absence of leachate it is possible to stack several containers without worrying about thermal accumulations or collecting leachate.
  • the mechanical resistance of the latter being the only limit to the height of the column of the tanks.
  • Biomass Total mass of living organisms in a given biotope, here we will mainly talk about the biomass represented by N2T in a given container.
  • Negative Space vacuum of air located between the walls of the breathable structure and the walls of the box.
  • Interface Surface of separation between two physically distinct states of the material, we will call interface, the surface located between the substrate and the air which circulates inside the container, zone where the biomass is concentrated.
  • Earthworm represented in particular by the Earthworm or Red worm, Latin name Eisenia Foetida or other.

Abstract

The invention concerns a device for upgrading organic matter into compost or more precisely into earthworm compost. Said vermicomposting method is characterized as compared to conventional composting in that the organic matter can be composted much faster and all year round. The invention provides the additional advantage of upgrading organic matter with a reduced relative volume and less maintenance, for a high-quality final product. Said apparatus enables elimination of leachate production. Said product is of interest to individuals, local authorities, various organisms, agri-food industry and others.

Description

Appareil et méthode permettant de valoriser les déchets organiques en engrais naturel (ou lombricompost) Apparatus and method for recovering organic waste as natural fertilizer (or vermicompost)
DescriptionDescription
La présente invention concerne un dispositif permettant la valorisation de Matières Organiques (MO) en compost ou plus exactement en lombricompost. La particularité du lombricomostage par rapport au compostage traditionnel réside dans le fait que l'on peu composter les Matières Organiques (MO) beaucoup plus rapidement,The present invention relates to a device for the recovery of organic matter (OM) in compost or more precisely in vermicompost. The particularity of vermicomosting compared to traditional composting lies in the fact that we can compost Organic Matter (MO) much faster,
5. toute l'année. La présente invention offre l'avantage supplémentaire de valoriser les MO avec un volume relatif réduit et une maintenance moindre, pour un produit fini de haute qualité. Cet appareil permet d'éviter la production de lixiviat.5. all year round. The present invention offers the additional advantage of recovering OM with a reduced relative volume and less maintenance, for a high quality finished product. This device avoids the production of leachate.
Ce produit s'adresse aussi bien aux particuliers, collectivités locales, organismes divers, industrie agro-alimentaire ...This product is aimed at individuals, local communities, various organizations, the food industry ...
10. Le conteneur (6) possède un couvercle (1) permettant ainsi une fermeture complète de la caisse en plastique (ou tout autre matériau peu respirant ou non respirant). Seuls des orifices de ventilations : hautes (7) et basses (8), permettent une aération, matérialisé respectivement par (7') et (8'). A titre d'exemple non limitatif, le conteneur peut avoir une dimension hors tout de : L 600 x 1g 400 x h 175 mm (bac normes Europe).10. The container (6) has a cover (1) thus allowing complete closure of the plastic case (or any other material which is not very breathable or not breathable). Only ventilation openings: high (7) and low (8), allow ventilation, materialized respectively by (7 ') and (8'). By way of nonlimiting example, the container can have an overall dimension of: L 600 x 1g 400 x h 175 mm (bin standards Europe).
15. A l'intérieur de la caisse est déposé de façon parallèle aux parois de cette dernière une structure microporeuse (4) tel que terre cuite ou autre. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, cette structure peut être constituée de quatre éléments indépendants, détail d'un des quatre éléments en (4'). L'élément opposé à (4')est identique à ce dernier, les deux autres qui lui sont perpendiculaires peuvent être différents dans leurs longueur mais chacune des deux15. Inside the box is deposited parallel to the walls of the latter a microporous structure (4) such as terracotta or other. By way of nonlimiting example, this structure can be made up of four independent elements, detail of one of the four elements in (4 '). The opposite element to (4 ') is identical to the latter, the two others which are perpendicular to it can be different in their length but each of the two
20. encoches y sont opposés, de tel sorte que les quatre éléments s'emboîtent pour ne former qu'un. Cette matière respirante, 100% opaque, ne présente aucune ouverture et facilite de par sa nature même un échange gazeux et humique avec l'extérieur de la caisse. Entre les parois de la structure microporeuse et les parois de la caisse se situe un vide d'air que nous appellerons espace négatif. Il est en effet important que dans des conditions20. notches are opposed to it, so that the four elements fit together to form one. This breathable material, 100% opaque, has no opening and by its very nature facilitates gas and humic exchange with the outside of the box. Between the walls of the microporous structure and the walls of the box is an air space which we will call negative space. It is indeed important that under conditions
25. normales d'utilisation les Vers de Terreau (N2T) ne migrent pas dans cet espace.25. normal use of Earthworms (N2T) do not migrate in this space.
En revanche, en cas de crise (substrat acide, pH < 6 ou augmentation de la température > 29°C) les N2T ont la possibilité de franchir l'obstacle que constitue la structure respirante, afin de se réfugier temporairement dans l'espace négatif. L'espace entre le haut de la structure microporeuse et du couvercle doit être au moins suffisant pour permettre aux N2T de passer.On the other hand, in the event of a crisis (acid substrate, pH <6 or temperature increase> 29 ° C) the N2T have the possibility of crossing the obstacle which constitutes the breathable structure, in order to temporarily take refuge in the negative space . The space between the top of the microporous structure and the cover must be at least sufficient to allow the N2T to pass.
Grâce aux orifices de ventilation (7&8), le substrat contenu, la microflore et à la faune respirent, favorisant ainsi une activité type aérobie.Thanks to the ventilation holes (7 & 8), the contained substrate, the microflora and the fauna breathe, thus promoting aerobic activity.
5. De plus cette évaporation permet de réduire considérablement la production de lixiviat ou de rendre cette quantité non significative dans la mesure où elle n'entraîne pas le comblement de cet espace négatif ni la collecte ou le stockage de ce liquide (gain de place et de temps). L'absence de jus au fond de la caisse permettant ainsi de pouvoir gerber plusieurs caisses,5. In addition, this evaporation makes it possible to considerably reduce the production of leachate or to make this quantity insignificant insofar as it does not result in the filling of this negative space nor the collection or storage of this liquid (saving in space and time). The absence of juice at the bottom of the box, thus making it possible to stack several boxes,
10. concentre ainsi l'activité des V2T. Le vide d'air entre les parois de la caisse (6) et de la structure respirante (4) permet une meilleure régulation thermique, il n'y a pas d'accumulation thermique. La décomposition aérobie dans la caisse permet d'éviter toute nuisance olfactive ou de méthanisation. Pour commencer le lombricompostage à zéro, il est important de constituer préalablement10. thus concentrates the activity of V2T. The air space between the walls of the body (6) and the breathable structure (4) allows better thermal regulation, there is no thermal accumulation. Aerobic decomposition in the body makes it possible to avoid any odor nuisance or methanation. To start worm composting at zero, it is important to constitute beforehand
15. une bonne litière situé à l'intérieur de la structure respirante, constitué par exemple de papier/carton, MO comportant un rapport carbone / azote élevé (> 16) et ayant déjà fermentées ou encore du fumier ayant au moins trois semaines d'âge. La Biomasse est ensuite déposée à la surface de la litière. L'apport de MO peut commencer, doucement au début. Il comprend tout type de MO, le15. a good litter located inside the breathable structure, consisting for example of paper / cardboard, MO having a high carbon / nitrogen ratio (> 16) and having already fermented or manure having at least three weeks of age. The biomass is then deposited on the surface of the litter. The MO intake can begin, slowly at first. It includes all types of MO, the
20. principe de précaution inviterai néanmoins à éviter toute matière carnée (viande et poisson). Les MO utilisés seront donc par exemple constitués d'épluchures de fruits et légumes, de matériaux à base de cellulose (papier, carton...), de terre de jardin et/ou de lombricompost afin d'inoculer le nouveau substrat et de d'en favoriser sa biodiversité. Il est important que l'apport de MO se face de façon régulière mais progressive et suive20. the precautionary principle would nevertheless invite us to avoid any meaty material (meat and fish). The OM used will therefore, for example, consist of fruit and vegetable peelings, cellulose-based materials (paper, cardboard, etc.), garden soil and / or vermicompost in order to inoculate the new substrate and d '' promote its biodiversity. It is important that the intake of OM is regular but progressive and follows
25. l'ascension des N2T ainsi que l'augmentation de leur biomasse. Après un certain temps, lorsque le niveau de substrat atteint approximativement le niveau (5), une grille amovible (2) possédant des poignées (3) est déposée à la surface. Avec le temps, le niveau du substrat et les N2T remontant, la grille restant au même niveau initiale, il suffit de soulever même partiellement le tamis de façon régulière afin de favoriser une meilleure pénétration25. the rise of N2T as well as the increase in their biomass. After a certain time, when the level of substrate reaches approximately the level (5), a removable grid (2) having handles (3) is deposited on the surface. Over time, the level of the substrate and the N2T rising, the grid remaining at the same initial level, it is enough to even partially lift the sieve regularly to promote better penetration
30. de l'oxygène au sein du substrat et de vérifier que tout se passe bien.30. oxygen in the substrate and check that everything is going well.
Une graduation en centimètre sur le support respirant pourra apparaître, ceci afin de connaître l'épaisseur du substrat existant et l'épaisseur du lit totale possible. Lorsque la hauteur du substrat arrive un peu avant le haut de la structure microporeuse, la grille comprenant la grande majorité des N2T est soulevée et mise de côté. Cette méthode permet la séparation entre le produit fini (le lombricompost) et les N2T. Une fois la caisse vidée du substrat et des N2T, ces derniers peuvent grâce à la grille être délicatement redéposés au fond de la caisse. La grille est mise de côté. Un autre cycle reprend.A graduation in centimeters on the breathable support may appear, this in order to know the thickness of the existing substrate and the total thickness of the bed possible. When the height of the substrate arrives a little before the top of the microporous structure, the grid comprising the vast majority of N2T is lifted and set aside. This method allows the separation between the finished product (vermicompost) and the N2T. Once the box has been emptied of the substrate and the N2Ts, the latter can, thanks to the grid, be gently redeposited at the bottom of the box. The grid is set aside. Another cycle resumes.
5. L'invention repose sur une augmentation du rapport interfaces / volume dédié. Il permet donc à volume égale, d'optimiser la quantité de MO valorisée. Les conteneurs étant indépendants les un des autres et en absence de lixiviat il est possible de gerber plusieurs conteneurs sans soucis d'accumulations thermiques ni de collecte de lixiviat. La résistance mécanique de ces dernières étant la seule limite à la hauteur de la colonne des bacs.5. The invention is based on an increase in the interfaces / dedicated volume ratio. It therefore makes it possible, at equal volume, to optimize the quantity of OM recovered. The containers being independent of each other and in the absence of leachate it is possible to stack several containers without worrying about thermal accumulations or collecting leachate. The mechanical resistance of the latter being the only limit to the height of the column of the tanks.
10. Il est cependant possible d'utiliser un meuble présentant des étagères, ces dernières répartissent la charge de une ou plusieurs caisses permettant ainsi d'augmenter la hauteur de la (des) pile(s).10. It is however possible to use a piece of furniture having shelves, the latter distributing the load of one or more boxes thus making it possible to increase the height of the stack (s).
A plus grande échelle on pourra utiliser un transpalette / élévateur ou autre appareillage pouvant déplacer et gerber des conteneurs de taille plus conséquente. Les conteneurs serontOn a larger scale we can use a pallet truck / elevator or other equipment that can move and stack containers of larger size. The containers will
15. pourvus de réservations afin de faciliter le travail de manutention. Quelques définitions15. provided with reservations to facilitate handling work. Some definitions
- Biomasse : Masse totale des organismes vivants d'un biotope déterminé, ici nous parlerons essentiellement de la biomasse représentée par les N2T dans un conteneur déterminé.- Biomass: Total mass of living organisms in a given biotope, here we will mainly talk about the biomass represented by N2T in a given container.
20. - Espace Négatif : vide d'air se situant entre les parois de la structure respirante et les paroi de la caisse.20. - Negative Space: vacuum of air located between the walls of the breathable structure and the walls of the box.
- Interface : Surface de séparation entre deux états physiquement distincts de la matière, nous appellerons interface, la surface située entre le substrat et l'air qui circule à l'intérieur du conteneur, zone où se concentre la biomasse.- Interface: Surface of separation between two physically distinct states of the material, we will call interface, the surface located between the substrate and the air which circulates inside the container, zone where the biomass is concentrated.
25. - Lixiviat : Jus obtenus par décomposition des MO. Par phénomène de percolation on retrouve habituellement cette production au fond des conteneurs à N2T, la présente invention pallie cet inconvénient et de façon autonome.25. - Leachate: Juice obtained by decomposition of OM. By percolation phenomenon we usually find this production at the bottom of N2T containers, the present invention overcomes this drawback and independently.
AcronymesAcronyms
Par soucis d'économie de papier (réduction à la source) et de lecture rapide, nous utilisons les acronymes suivants :For the sake of saving paper (reduction at source) and quick reading, we use the following acronyms:
- V2T : Lombric représenté notamment par le Vers de Terreau ou ver Rouge, nom latin Eisenia Foetida ou autre.- V2T: Earthworm represented in particular by the Earthworm or Red worm, Latin name Eisenia Foetida or other.
- MO : Matières Organiques sera préféré à Déchets Organiques dans la mesure où l'on valorise la matière. - MO: Organic Matter will be preferred to Organic Waste as far as the material is valued.

Claims

Revendications claims
1- Dispositif pour la valorisation des matières organiques par lombricompostage du type conteneur (6) muni d'un couvercle (1) caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une structure microporeuse (4), notamment en terre cuite, elle-même constituée de quatre éléments (4') disposés parallèlement aux parois du conteneur, ladite1- Device for the recovery of organic matter by vermicomposting of the container type (6) provided with a cover (1) characterized in that it comprises a microporous structure (4), in particular in terracotta, itself made up of four elements (4 ') arranged parallel to the walls of the container, said
5. structure étant 100% opaque en ne présentant pas d'ouverture, et facilitant les échanges gazeux avec l'extérieur.5. structure being 100% opaque without having any opening, and facilitating gas exchange with the outside.
2- Dispositif selon la revendication n°l caractérisé en ce que des ventilations hautes (7) et basses (8) sont prévues sous la forme d'orifice dans les parois dudit2- Device according to claim No. l characterized in that high (7) and low (8) ventilations are provided in the form of orifice in the walls of said
10. conteneur (6).10. container (6).
3- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications n°l et 2 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un vide d'air dit « espace négatif» entre les parois du conteneur et la structure microporeuse (4) permettant de réduire la production de lixiviat.3- Device according to one of claims No. l and 2 characterized in that it comprises an air vacuum called "negative space" between the walls of the container and the microporous structure (4) to reduce the production of leachate .
15.15.
4- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que différents conteneurs (6) peuvent être empilés par gerbage.4- Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that different containers (6) can be stacked by stacking.
5- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce 20. que la structure microporeuse (4) comporte une graduation en centimètre pour mesurer le niveau du substrat.5- Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microporous structure (4) has a graduation in centimeters to measure the level of the substrate.
6- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre une grille de séparation (2) entre les N2T et les MO lombriocompostées.6- Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a separation grid (2) between the N2T and the lombriocompostées MO.
7- Meuble à étagères caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué de plusieurs dispositifs selon l'une quelconque des revendication précédentes gerbes les uns sur les autres et répartis en piles sur les étagères. 7- Shelving unit characterized in that it consists of several devices according to any one of the preceding claims sheaves on each other and distributed in stacks on the shelves.
PCT/FR2003/003322 2002-11-08 2003-11-07 Apparatus and method for upgrading organic waste into natural fertilizer (or earthworm compost) WO2004043879A1 (en)

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FR02/14022 2002-11-08
FR0214022A FR2846962A1 (en) 2002-11-08 2002-11-08 Composting procedure for organic materials uses stackable ventilated container with micro-porous linings and earthworms

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CN102584356A (en) * 2012-01-29 2012-07-18 信阳师范学院 Organic garbage treatment box
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1786732A2 (en) * 2004-07-09 2007-05-23 Black & Grey Holdings PTY Ltd. Water treatment apparatus, method and system
EP1786732A4 (en) * 2004-07-09 2011-05-18 Black & Grey Holdings Pty Ltd Water treatment apparatus, method and system
EP1894892A2 (en) 2006-08-30 2008-03-05 Guy Meusy Method of processing organic waste and device for implementing same
EP1894892A3 (en) * 2006-08-30 2008-10-15 Guy Meusy Method of processing organic waste and device for implementing same
CN102584356A (en) * 2012-01-29 2012-07-18 信阳师范学院 Organic garbage treatment box
CN102584356B (en) * 2012-01-29 2013-09-04 信阳师范学院 Organic garbage treatment box
CN104621049A (en) * 2015-01-27 2015-05-20 绵阳安智圣达创意科技有限公司 Earthworm breeding device utilizing kitchen garbage

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FR2846962A1 (en) 2004-05-14
AU2003290160A1 (en) 2004-06-03

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