WO2004042922A1 - Systeme permettant de produire une impulsion de grande puissance - Google Patents

Systeme permettant de produire une impulsion de grande puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004042922A1
WO2004042922A1 PCT/SE2003/001699 SE0301699W WO2004042922A1 WO 2004042922 A1 WO2004042922 A1 WO 2004042922A1 SE 0301699 W SE0301699 W SE 0301699W WO 2004042922 A1 WO2004042922 A1 WO 2004042922A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
primary
transformer
breaker
secondary winding
pulse
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2003/001699
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Bernhoff
Mats Leijon
Adam Lindblom
Jan Isberg
Original Assignee
Uppsala Power Management Consultants Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Uppsala Power Management Consultants Ab filed Critical Uppsala Power Management Consultants Ab
Priority to AU2003280944A priority Critical patent/AU2003280944A1/en
Publication of WO2004042922A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004042922A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
    • H03K3/537—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback the switching device being a spark gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/08—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure without magnetic core
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F19/00—Fixed transformers or mutual inductances of the signal type
    • H01F19/04—Transformers or mutual inductances suitable for handling frequencies considerably beyond the audio range
    • H01F19/08—Transformers having magnetic bias, e.g. for handling pulses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for the generation of high-power pulses as well as a method of generating high-power pulses in the same.
  • the system according to the present invention principally relates to the generation of high-power pulses in the form of voltage pulses over 50 kV.
  • Pulse generators intended for the generation of pulses of high power in the form of high voltage or high current are used in a number of different areas, such as laser technology, electronic weapons, biological applications such as purification of waste water, purification of gases, medical applications such as defibrillators, in the research concerning fusion technology, particle physics, extreme magnetic fields, etc., etc.
  • Marx generators have been used for the generation of pulses of high voltage.
  • the Marx generator comprises a number of condensators in which capacitive energy is stored under connection in parallel so as to subsequently being discharged simultaneously in serial, a high-voltage pulse being generated.
  • Such pulse generators are expensive as well as very bulky.
  • inductively stored energy By instead utilizing inductively stored energy being discharged in the form of a high-power pulse, a much more compact system in comparison with a system constructed by means of condensators is obtained. This is because inductively stored energy may be stored approx. 10 times denser than capacitively stored energy. However, discharging of inductively stored energy involves a great deal technical challenges.
  • the known system breaks the current on the primary side by means of the exploding wire. Hence, the system just manage to generate one pulse, before another pulse can be generated a new exploding wire has to be connected. Thus, the known system cannot generate several consecutive pulses. In order to generate several consecutive pulses, it is required that the primary side is broken by a breaker having repetitive function. To break an inductive current requires much more from the proper breaker than at capacitive load. In the article, the problem of electric puncture in the insulation between the turns in the secondary winding of the transformer at high voltages is further described. According to the article, by virtue of this, the known system does not resist more than approx. 100 kV.
  • the load has a low or very low impedance.
  • a matching in the system generating the pulse is desirable, i.e. a low-impedance coupling to the load for quick discharging of the pulse.
  • the present invention is intended to provide a system for the generation of high-power pulses, which solves the problems mentioned above.
  • the system comprises a transformer provided with a primary and a secondary winding.
  • the primary winding is intended for recharging of magnetic energy in the transformer and the secondary winding is intended for discharging of the magnetic energy accumulated in the transformer in the form of a high-power pulse to a load.
  • the windings are arranged coaxially in relation to each other in the transformer and comprise an inner circular conductor enclosed by a first semiconducting layer.
  • a first layer of fixed insulation is then arranged.
  • said first layer of fixed insulation is enclosed by a second semiconducting layer.
  • an outer conductor is then arranged.
  • said outer conductor is enclosed by a third semiconducting layer, which then is enclosed by a second layer of fixed insulation.
  • a fourth semiconducting layer enclosing the second the layer of fixed insulation is arranged. The insulation in this type of winding resists substantially more than the insulation in a traditional transformer winding.
  • this system enables pulses of significant higher voltage than the known system, without the risk of breakdown of the insulation in the secondary winding.
  • the system comprises a repetitive breaker intended to break the current on the primary side of the transformer.
  • the system further comprises means for the generation of an energy pulse for accumulation of energy in the primary winding.
  • the invention relates to a method of generating a high-power to the following: initially an energy pulse is generated for the recharging of the primary winding in the transformer. Subsequently the current is broken on the primary side of the transformer by means of a breaker, the energy stored magnetically in the primary winding being transmitted to the secondary winding from where discharging of the energy then takes place to the load.
  • Fig. 1 shows a known system for the generation of high-voltage pulses.
  • Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a system for the generation of high-voltage pulses according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows a combined breaker, which in a preferred embodiment is comprised in the system.
  • Fig. 4 shows the embodiment of primary and secondary winding of the transformer in the system according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows the embodiment of primary and secondary winding of the transformer seen in cross-section in the longitudinal direction.
  • Fig. 6 shows the embodiment of primary and secondary winding of the transformer seen in cross-section in the cross direction.
  • Fig. 7 shows an embodiment having an alternative breaker.
  • Fig. 8 shows an alternative embodiment where the load is fed via a Blum- line configuration.
  • Fig. 1 shows a system according to prior art for the generation of high-voltage pulses.
  • the known system comprises a primary capacitance C 1 that is connected to the primary winding 2 of a transformer 3 via a closing switch 4 for the recharging of magnetic energy in the transformer.
  • the energy magnetically stored in the transformer is transformed to the secondary winding of the transformer 5 when the circuit on the primary side is broken by the activation of an exploding wire 6.
  • the energy is transmitted in the form of a high-voltage pulse to a load 7 via a discharge gap 8.
  • Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a system for the generation of high-power pulses according to the present invention.
  • the system comprises a transformer 10 having a primary winding 11 and a secondary winding 12.
  • Means 13 for the generation of an energy pulse to the primary winding 11 is further com- prised.
  • a breaker 14 having repetitive function breaks the current on the primary side after that the primary winding has been recharged and magnetic energy has been stored in the transformer 10. When the primary circuit is broken by the breaker 14, the magnetic energy stored in the transformer is forced out in the secondary winding 12.
  • a closing switch 15 is arranged between the secondary side of the transformer and a load 16. In a preferred embodiment, the closing switch is a discharge gap. Other types of closing switches may be used, such as, e.g., a controlled laser switch.
  • the transformer used in the system is of transmission-line type having a transmission line 17 with a transmission-line capaci- tance 18.
  • the energy forced out in the secondary winding 12 is charged in the transmission-line capacitance 18 of the transformer and is subsequently discharged from the transmission-line capacitance in the form of a high- voltage pulse to the load 16 via the closing switch 15.
  • Discharging in this way, via a transmission-line capacitance is particularly suitable for quick generation of high-voltage pulses to loads of low impedance.
  • any capacitance may be obtained for a given pulse length.
  • pulses of high power can be generated very fast, since the lines con- nected in parallel become much shorter than when only one line is used for a certain given capacitance.
  • Fig. 3 shows a repetitive breaker 14, which is comprised in an additional preferred form of the system according to the present invention.
  • the breaker shown in the figure is a combination of a semiconductor switch 20 and two or more vacuum breakers 21.
  • the combined breaker shown in the figure comprises a first vacuum breaker 21a that is connected in parallel to a semiconductor switch 20, which then are connected in series to a second vacuum breaker 21b.
  • first and the second vacuum breaker When current flows on the primary side for the recharging of energy in the primary winding, first and the second vacuum breaker, while the semiconductor switch 20 is unloaded.
  • the current is broken on the primary side by means of the combined breaker according to the following step.
  • the elec- trodes 22 in both of the vacuum breakers 21 separate, the current going in electrical arc 23 between the electrodes 22 in both of the breakers 21.
  • the semiconductor switch 20 is turned on.
  • the current is commutated in a suitable way from the first vacuum breaker 21a to the semiconductor switch 20, the current going through the semiconductor switch 20.
  • the first vacuum breaker 21a turns off.
  • the semiconductor switch 20 is turned off.
  • the second vacuum breaker 21 b will be turned off. Since the semiconductor switch 20 as well as the vacuum breaker 21a is very fast, the voltage across the semiconductor switch will not advance to any high level.
  • the voltage will be carried by the second vacuum breaker 21 b.
  • the semicon- ductor switch 20 does not need to be dimensioned to continuously withstand the currents that flow in the primary circuit, but current flows through the semiconductor switch 20 only a short moment before it is turned off. After breaking, the largest part of the voltage will be carried by the second vacuum breaker 21b, for what reason the semiconductor switch 20 only needs be dimensioned for a part of the high voltage.
  • Fig. 4 shows the winding system of the transformer comprised in the system according to the present invention.
  • An inner circular conductor 30 is enclosed by a first semiconducting layer 31.
  • the first semiconducting layer 31 is then enclosed by a first layer 32 of fixed insulation.
  • this first layer 32 of fixed insulation is enclosed by a second semiconducting layer 33.
  • the second semiconducting layer 33 is enclosed by an outer conductor 34.
  • the outer conductor 34 is enclosed by a third semiconducting layer 35.
  • the third semiconducting layer 35 is enclosed by a second layer 36 of fixed insulation.
  • the second layer 36 of fixed insulation is enclosed by a fourth semiconducting layer 37.
  • Fig. 5 shows the winding system in cross-section in the longitudinal direction.
  • the outer conductor 34 is lengthwise divided into a plurality of parts that are connected in parallel to each other.
  • Fig. 6 shows the embodiment of the primary and secondary winding of the transformer, seen in cross-section in the cross direction.
  • the inner conductor 30 is divided into a plurality of parallel conductors 30a insulated from each other and enclosed by semiconducting layer 31a.
  • the insulated parallel conductors can be connected directly to separate parallel transmission lines.
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment having a breaker that is an alternative to the combined breaker comprising semiconductor components as shown in figure 3.
  • a capacitance 41 being connected in series to a closing switch 42, and an inductance 43 are arranged to bring about counter or co-induction, a zero crossing being obtained in an electrical arc in vacuum 44, the current in the primary circuit being broken and a high-power pulse being generated.
  • Advantages of this configuration are that it provides a very compact and cost-efficient solution of breaking of large currents against high voltage.
  • Figure 8 shows an alternative embodiment where the load is fed via a Blumline configuration.
  • a first and a second coaxial cable having earthed and partly earthed casing, respectively, are included, which is shown in the figure.
  • the first cable is wound up on an earthed cable coil, which provides a compact construction, while the second cable is wound up on an insulated coil.
  • Said cables may consist of semicon cable, a cable having double semiconducting layers, between which fixed insulation is arranged.
  • the resistivity in the pure resistive layer, while it during the course of discharging acts as a dielectric.
  • the semicon which for instance may be carbon black in PE plastic, silicon carbide, zinc oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, aluminium oxide, and on the other hand by adjustment of the thickness of the various layers.
  • the semicon acts as a resistive layer, which smoothes the electric field, thereby enabling a very high voltage.
  • the semicon acts as a dielectric, which results in a higher effective ⁇ being obtained in the insulating material of the cable, which in turn gives rise to a slower wave velocity at discharging of a pulse.
  • the insulation material between the mentioned semiconducting layers may be filled in the same way, in order to modify the discharging properties of the cable. Consequently, a longer discharging by time at a given cable length is obtained when this type of cable is used in comparison with a usual transmission cable. Thus, by means of an adapted cable, a sub- stantial shorter cable is required for a certain predetermined pulse length.
  • said scheme opens the possibility of obtaining very short pulses to the load as well as the possibility of the pulses having square-topped shape.
  • the Blumeline When effected in cable technology, the Blumeline may consist of a plurality of parallel cables to increase the capacitance and decrease the impedance.
  • the invention is not limited to the above embodiments given as examples, but may be made as modifications within the scope of the general idea according to the invention described in the appended claims.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système permettant de produire des impulsions de grande puissance. L'invention concerne également un procédé permettant de produire des impulsions de grande puissance au moyen d'un tel système. Le système décrit dans cette invention comprend un transformateur présentant un enroulement primaire et un enroulement secondaire. Le système comprend également un moyen permettant de produire une impulsion d'énergie destinée à l'enroulement primaire. Un disjoncteur doté d'une fonction répétitive coupe le courant sur le côté primaire après que l'enroulement primaire a été chargé et que l'énergie magnétique a été stockée dans le transformateur. Lorsque le circuit principal est coupé, l'énergie magnétique stockée dans le transformateur est transférée vers l'enroulement secondaire pour permettre la décharge d'une charge.
PCT/SE2003/001699 2002-11-05 2003-11-04 Systeme permettant de produire une impulsion de grande puissance WO2004042922A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003280944A AU2003280944A1 (en) 2002-11-05 2003-11-04 System for generating high-power pulse

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0203285-2 2002-11-05
SE0203285A SE525849C2 (sv) 2002-11-05 2002-11-05 System för generering av högeffektpuls

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004042922A1 true WO2004042922A1 (fr) 2004-05-21

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2003/001699 WO2004042922A1 (fr) 2002-11-05 2003-11-04 Systeme permettant de produire une impulsion de grande puissance

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2003280944A1 (fr)
SE (1) SE525849C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004042922A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115051690A (zh) * 2022-06-17 2022-09-13 西北核技术研究所 一种基于共用腔体的数十兆安级fltd驱动源

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU729822A1 (ru) * 1978-05-30 1980-04-25 Предприятие П/Я А-7904 Генератор импульсов
GB2350476A (en) * 1999-05-28 2000-11-29 Asea Brown Boveri A power cable
US6329763B1 (en) * 2000-03-16 2001-12-11 Joseph E. Pascente Pulsed high voltage radiography system power supply having a one-to-one correspondence between low voltage input pulses and high voltage output pulses

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU729822A1 (ru) * 1978-05-30 1980-04-25 Предприятие П/Я А-7904 Генератор импульсов
GB2350476A (en) * 1999-05-28 2000-11-29 Asea Brown Boveri A power cable
US6329763B1 (en) * 2000-03-16 2001-12-11 Joseph E. Pascente Pulsed high voltage radiography system power supply having a one-to-one correspondence between low voltage input pulses and high voltage output pulses

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE0203285D0 (sv) 2002-11-05
AU2003280944A1 (en) 2004-06-07
SE525849C2 (sv) 2005-05-10
SE0203285L (sv) 2004-05-06

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