WO2004041807A1 - Novel compounds - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2004041807A1
WO2004041807A1 PCT/EP2003/012406 EP0312406W WO2004041807A1 WO 2004041807 A1 WO2004041807 A1 WO 2004041807A1 EP 0312406 W EP0312406 W EP 0312406W WO 2004041807 A1 WO2004041807 A1 WO 2004041807A1
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formula
compound
compounds
optionally substituted
pharmaceutically acceptable
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PCT/EP2003/012406
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French (fr)
Inventor
Steven Coulton
Roderick Alan Porter
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Glaxo Group Limited
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Priority to AU2003279366A priority Critical patent/AU2003279366A1/en
Publication of WO2004041807A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004041807A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by nitrogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

  • This invention relates to N-aryl sulphonyl cyclic amine derivatives and their use as pharmaceuticals. Many medically significant biological processes are mediated by proteins participating in signal transduction pathways that involve G-proteins and/or second messengers.
  • Polypeptides and polynucleotides encoding the human 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled neuropeptide receptor, orexin-1 have been identified and are disclosed in EP-A-875565, EP-A-875566 and WO 96/34877.
  • Polypeptides and polynucleotides encoding a second human orexin receptor, orexin-2 have been identified and are disclosed in EP-A-893498.
  • Orexin receptors are found in the mammalian host and may be responsible for many biological functions, including pathologies including, but not limited to, depression; anxiety; addictions; obsessive compulsive disorder; affective neurosis/disorder; depressive neurosis/disorder; anxiety neurosis; dysthymic disorder; behaviour disorder; mood disorder; sexual dysfunction; psychosexual dysfunction; sex disorder; sexual disorder; schizophrenia; manic depression; delerium; dementia; severe mental retardation and dyskinesias such as Huntington's disease and Gilles de la Tourett's syndrome; disturbed biological and circadian rhythms; feeding disorders, such as anorexia, bulimia, cachexia, and obesity; diabetes; appetite/taste disorders; vomiting/nausea; asthma; cancer
  • HIV, post-polio syndrome, and post-herpetic neuralgia phantom limb pain; labour pain; cancer pain; post-chemotherapy pain; post-stroke pain; post- operative pain; neuralgia; nausea and vomiting; conditions associated with visceral pain including irritable bowel syndrome, migraine and angina; urinary bladder incontinence e.g.
  • narcotics or withdrawal from narcotics sleep disorders; sleep apnea; narcolepsy; insomnia; parasomnia; jet-lag syndrome; and neurodegenerative disorders, which includes nosological entities such as disinhibition-dementia-parkinsonism- amyotrophy complex; pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration, epilepsy, and seizure disorders.
  • antagonists of its receptor may be useful in the treatment of obesity and diabetes, see Cell, 1998, 92, 573-585.
  • the present invention provides N-aryl sulphonyl cyclic amine derivatives which are non-peptide antagonists of human orexin receptors, in particular orexin-1 receptors.
  • these compounds are of potential use in the treatment of obesity, including obesity observed in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes patients, and/or sleep disorders. Additionally these compounds are useful in the treatment of stroke, particularly ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and/or blocking the emetic response, i.e. useful in the treatment of nausea and vomiting.
  • X is NR, wherein R is H or (C 1-4 )alkyl; Q is H or (C 1-4 )alkyl;
  • Ar 1 is aryl, or a mono or bicyclic heteroaryl group containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; any of which maybe optionally substituted;
  • Ar 2 represents phenyl or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the phenyl or heterocyclyl group is substituted by R 1 and further optional substituents; or Ar 2 represents an optionally substituted bicyclic aromatic or bicyclic heteroaromatic group containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;
  • R 1 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted(C 1- )alkoxy, halo, cyano, optionally substituted(C 1-6 )alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • m is 1 when p is 0.
  • X is NH; m is 1 and p is 0.
  • Ar 1 is a mono or bicyclic heteroaryl
  • Ar 1 is benzofuranyl, quinoxalinyl, pyridinyl or pyrimidinyl.
  • Ar 2 is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, it may be furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl or pyrazolyl.
  • Ar 2 is an optionally substituted bicyclic aromatic or bicyclic heteroaromatic it is selected from benzofuryl, benzimidazolyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, isoqumolinyl, quinazolinyl, indolyl, benzothiazolyl, or benzothiadiazolyl.
  • Ar 2 represents optionally substituted phenyl, pyridyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, benzofuryl, naphthyl, triazolyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothienyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiazolyl, indolyl or thienyl.
  • Ar 2 represents optionally substituted phenyl or napthyl.
  • R 1 is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl group containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, it maybe furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, tetrazoyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, mo ⁇ holinyl or thiomo ⁇ holinyl.
  • R 1 is selected from optionally substituted(C 1-4 )alkoxy, halo, cyano, optionally substituted(C 1-6 )alkyl or optionally substituted pheny
  • R 1 is optionally substituted (C 1 .4 )alkoxy, halo, optionally substituted ⁇ -. 6 )alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl.
  • R 1 is trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromefhyl, methoxy, (C-)alkyl, chloro, or optionally substituted phenyl.
  • Optional substituents for the groups Ar 1 , Ar 2 , R and R 1 include halogen, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, nitro, (C 1- )alkyl, (C 1-4 )alkoxy, hydroxy(C 1- )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1-4 )alkoxy, halo(C 1- )alkyl, halo(C 1-4 )alkoxy, aryl(C 1- )alkoxy, (C 1-4 )alkylthio, hydroxy(C 1- )alkyl, (C-.
  • Additional substituents are (C 1-4 )acyl, aryl, aryl(C 1-4 )alkyl, (C 1-4 )alkylamino(C 1-4 )alkyl, R ⁇ CH ⁇ n-, R a R b N(CH 2 )nO-, wherein n represents an integer from 1 to 4.
  • R a with at least one CH 2 of the (CH 2 )n portion of the group form a (C 3-6 )azacycloalkane and R represents hydrogen, a (C 1-4 )alkyl group or with the nitrogen to which it is attached forms a second (C 3-6 )azacycloalkane fused to the first (C 3-6 )azacycloalkane.
  • Preferred optional substituents for Ar 2 are halogen, cyano, (C 1- )alkyl and (C-. 4 )alkoxy.
  • Preferred optional substituents for Ar 1 are halogen and cyano.
  • R 1 Preferred optional substituents for R 1 are halogen, (C 1-4 )alkoxy and In the groups Ar 1 and Ar 2 , substituents positioned ortho to one another may be linked to form a ring.
  • Illustrative compounds of formula (I) are selected from compounds having a core structure (la)
  • halogen atom when present in the compound of fonnula (I) it may be fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • the alkyl group may be straight chain, branched or cyclic, or combinations thereof, it is preferably methyl or ethyl.
  • aryl means a 5- to 6- membered aromatic ring for example phenyl, or a 7 to 12 membered bicyclic ring system where at least one of the rings is aromatic for example naphthyl.
  • compounds of formula (I) may exist as R or S enantiomers.
  • the present invention includes within its scope all such isomers, including mixtures. Where additional chiral centres are present in compounds of formula (I), the present invention includes within its scope all possible diastereoismers, including mixtures thereof.
  • the different isomeric forms may be separated or resolved one from the other by conventional methods, or any given isomer maybe obtained by conventional synthetic methods or by stereospecific or asymmetric syntheses.
  • Particular compounds according to the invention include those mentioned in the examples and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable derivative includes any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or salt of such ester of a compound of formula (I) which, upon administration to the recipient is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound of formula (I) or an active metabolite or residue thereof.
  • salts of the compounds of formula (I) should be pharmaceutically acceptable.
  • suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids e.g. hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, nitric or phosphoric acid; and organic acids e.g. succinic, maleic, acetic, fumaric, citric, tartaric, benzoic, p-toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic acid.
  • Other salts e.g. oxalates, maybe used, for example in the isolation of compounds of formula (I) and are included within the scope of this invention.
  • solvates and hydrates of compounds of formula (I) are also included within the scope of the invention. Certain of the compounds of formula (I) may form acid addition salts with one or more equivalents of the acid.
  • the present invention includes within its scope all possible stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric forms.
  • the compounds of formula (I) are intended for use in pharmaceutical compositions it will readily be understood that they are each preferably provided in substantially pure form, for example at least 60%> pure, more suitably at least 75 %> pure and preferably at least 85%, especially at least 98% pure (% are on a weight for weight basis). Impure preparations of the compounds may be used for preparing the more pure forms used in the pharmaceutical compositions. According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) and derivatives thereof. The following schemes detail some synthetic routes to compounds of the invention.
  • Examples of suitable leaving groups L 1 include halogen, hydroxy, OSO 2 Me, OSO (4-tolyl).
  • the reaction of (V) with (VT) preferably proceeds in an inert solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of abase such as triethylamine, sodium hydride or potassium t-butoxide.
  • Sulphonamide formation eg. (IT) to (I) maybe carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, in the presence of a base such as Iriethylamine.
  • protecting groups P include t-butyloxycarbonyl, trifluoroacetyl , optionally substitued benzyl and benzyloxycarbonyl.
  • Deprotection conditions are respectively, acid (e.g. trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane), base (e.g. sodium hydroxide in a solvent such as aqueous methanol) and catalytic hydrogenolysis in an inert solvent (e.g using palladium on charcoal in a lower alcohol or ethyl acetate).
  • Reaction of (VIH) with (LX) proceeds in an inert solvent such as dimethylformamide or xylene in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate or diisopropylethylamine, preferably at elevated temperatures.
  • P can be a protecting group or H.
  • Reaction of (XI) with an alkylating agent (C ⁇ L 1 proceeds in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride in an inert solvent such as dimethylformamide.
  • R 1 When R 1 is an aromatic group, the substituent R 1 may be introduced at the final stage as illustrated in Scheme 2 by reaction of a compound of formula (VII) where L 3 represents a leaving group such as halogen (preferably bromo or iodo) or tiifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, and all other variables are as previously defined, with a reagent R ! M, where M is the residue of an organometallic species e.g. B(OH) or trialkylstannyl.
  • a process may be carried out in an inert solvent such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane or 1,4- dioxan, in the presence of a transition metal catalyst such as Pd(PPh 3 ) .
  • Ar 2 , m, p, q, Ar 1 , R, R 1 and Y are as defined for compounds of formula (I).
  • L is a leaving group
  • Acylation may be carried out using a wide range of known acylation conditions, e.g. in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.
  • these steps may be carried out when L 4 represents hydroxy, in which case the reaction takes place in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane in the presence of a diimide reagent such as l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, and an activator such as 1- hydroxybenzotriazole.
  • the compounds of formula (T) may be prepared singly or as compound libraries comprising at least 2, e.g. 5 to 1000, preferably 10 to 100 compounds of formula (I).
  • Compound libraries may be prepared by a combinatorial 'split and mix' approach or by multiple parallel synthesis using either solution phase or solid phase chemistry, by procedures known to those skilled in the art.
  • a compound library comprising at least 2 compounds of formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof.
  • compositions may be prepared conventionally by reaction with the appropriate acid or acid derivative.
  • the compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives are useful for the treatment of diseases or disorders where an antagonist of a human Orexin receptor is required such as obesity and diabetes; prolactinoma; hypoprolactinemia; hypothalamic disorders of growth hormone deficiency; idiopathic growth hormone deficiency; Cushings syndrome/disease; hypothalamic-adrenal dysfunction; dwarfism; sleep disorders; sleep apnea; narcolepsy; insomnia; parasornnia; jet-lag syndrome; sleep disturbances associated with diseases such as neurological disorders, neuropathic pain and restless leg syndrome; heart and lung diseases; depression; anxiety; addictions; obsessive compulsive disorder; affective neurosis/disorder; depressive neurosis/disorder; anxiety neurosis; dysthymic disorder; behaviour disorder; mood disorder; sexual dysfunction; psychosexual dysfunction; sex disorder; sexual disorder; schizophrenia; manic depression; delerium; dementia; bulimia and hypopit
  • the compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives are particularly useful for the treatment of obesity, including obesity associated with Type 2 diabetes, and sleep disorders. Additionally the compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives are useful for the treatment of stroke, particularly ischemic or haemorrhagic and/or in blocking an emetic response i.e. nausea and vomiting.
  • diseases or disorders which maybe treated in accordance with the invention include disturbed biological and circadian rhythms; adrenohypophysis disease; hypophysis disease; hypophysis tumor / adenoma; adrenohypophysis hypofunction; functional or psychogenic amenorrhea; adrenohypophysis hyperfunction; migraine; hyperalgesia; pain; enhanced or exaggerated sensitivity to pain such as hyperalgesia, causalgia and allodynia; acute pain; burn pain; atypical facial pain; neuropathic pain; back pain; complex regional pain syndromes I and II; arthritic pain; sports injury pain; pain related to infection e.g.
  • the invention also provides a method of treating or preventing diseases or disorders where an antagonist of a human Orexin receptor is required, which comprises admiriistering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
  • the invention also provides a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or disorders where an antagonist of a human Orexin receptor is required.
  • the invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or disorders where an antagonist of a human Orexin receptor is required.
  • the compounds of the invention are usually administered as a pharmaceutical composition.
  • the invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives may be administered by any convenient method, e.g. by oral, parenteral, buccal, sublingual, nasal, rectal or transdermal administration, and the pharmaceutical compositions adapted accordingly.
  • the compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives which are active when given orally can be formulated as liquids or solids, e.g. as syrups, suspensions, emulsions, tablets, capsules or lozenges.
  • a liquid formulation will generally consist of a suspension or solution of the active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier(s) e.g. an aqueous solvent such as water, ethanol or glycerine, or a non-aqueous solvent, such as polyethylene glycol or an oil.
  • a suitable liquid carrier(s) e.g. an aqueous solvent such as water, ethanol or glycerine, or a non-aqueous solvent, such as polyethylene glycol or an oil.
  • the formulation may also contain a suspending agent, preservative, flavouring and/or colouring agent.
  • a composition in the form of a tablet can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s) routinely used for preparing solid formulations, such as magnesium stearate, starch, lactose, sucrose and cellulose.
  • a composition in the form of a capsule can be prepared using routine encapsulation procedures, e.g. pellets containing the active ingredient can be prepared using standard carriers and then filled into a hard gelatin capsule; alternatively a dispersion or suspension can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s), e.g. aqueous gums, celluloses, silicates or oils and the dispersion or suspension then filled into a soft gelatin capsule.
  • suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s) e.g. aqueous gums, celluloses, silicates or oils
  • compositions consist of a solution or suspension of the active ingredient in a sterile aqueous carrier or parenterally acceptable oil, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, lecithin, arachis oil or sesame oil.
  • a sterile aqueous carrier or parenterally acceptable oil e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, lecithin, arachis oil or sesame oil.
  • the solution can be lyophilised and then reconstituted with a suitable solvent just prior to administration.
  • Compositions for nasal administration may conveniently be formulated as aerosols, drops, gels and powders.
  • Aerosol formulations typically comprise a solution or fine suspension of the active ingredient in a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous or non- aqueous solvent and are usually presented in single or multidose quantities in sterile form in a sealed container which can take the form of a cartridge or refill for use with an atomising device.
  • the sealed container may be a disposable dispensing device such as a single dose nasal inhaler or an aerosol dispenser fitted with a metering valve.
  • the dosage form comprises an aerosol dispenser, it will contain a propellant which can be a compressed gas e.g. air, or an organic propellant such as a fluorochlorohydrocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon.
  • Aerosol dosage forms can also take the form of pump-atomisers.
  • Compositions suitable for buccal or sublingual administration include tablets, lozenges and pastilles where the active ingredient is formulated with a carrier such as sugar and acacia, tragacanth, or gelatin and glycerin.
  • compositions for rectal administration are conveniently in the form of suppositories containing a conventional suppository base such as cocoa butter.
  • compositions suitable for transdermal administration include ointments, gels and patches.
  • the composition is in unit dose form such as a tablet, capsule or ampoule.
  • the dose of the compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, used in the treatment or prophylaxis of the abovementioned disorders or diseases will vary in the usual way with the particular disorder or disease being treated, the weight of the subject and other similar factors.
  • suitable unit doses may be 0.05 to 1000 mg, more suitably 0.05 to 500 mg.
  • Unit doses may be administered more than once a day for example two or three times a day, so that the total daily dosage is in the range of about 0.01 to 100 mg kg; and such therapy may extend for a number of weeks or months, fn the case of pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives the above figures are calculated as the parent compound of formula (I).
  • Human Orexin-A has the amino acid sequence: pyroGlu Pro Leu Pro Asp Cys Cys Arg Gin Lys Thr Cys Ser Cys Arg Leu 1 5 10 15
  • Orexin-A can be employed in screening procedures for compounds which inhibit the ligand's activation of the orexin-1 receptor.
  • screening procedures involve providing appropriate cells which express the orexin-1 receptor on their surface.
  • Such cells include cells from mammals, yeast, Drosophila or E. coli.
  • a polynucleotide encoding the orexin-1 receptor is used to transfect cells to express the receptor.
  • the expressed receptor is then contacted with a test compound and an orexin-1 receptor ligand to observe inhibition of a functional '- ⁇ response.
  • One such screening procedure involves the use of melanophores which are transfecte'Mo express the orexin-1 receptor, as described in WO 92/01810.
  • Another screening procedure involves introducing RNA encoding the orexin-1 receptor into Xenopus oocytes to transiently express the receptor.
  • the receptor oocytes are then contacted with a receptor ligand and a test compound, followed by detection of inhibition of a signal in the case of screening for compounds which are thought to inhibit activation of the receptor by the ligand.
  • Another method involves screening for compounds which inhibit activation of the receptor by deterrmning inhibition of binding of a labelled orexin-1 receptor ligand to cells which have the receptor on their surface.
  • This method involves transfecting a eukaryotic cell with DNA encoding the orexin-1 receptor such that the cell expresses the receptor on its surface and contacting the cell or cell membrane preparation with a compound in the presence of a labelled form of an orexin-1 receptor ligand.
  • the ligand may contain a radioactive label. The amount of labelled ligand bound to the receptors is measured, e.g. by measuring radioactivity.
  • Yet another screening technique involves the use of FLIPR equipment for high throughput screening of test compounds that inhibit mobilisation of intracellular calcium ions, or other ions, by affecting the interaction of an orexin-1 receptor ligand with the orexin-1 receptor.
  • Example 1 Benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-l-(naphthalene-l-sulfonyl)-piperidin-2- ylmethyl)amide
  • the compounds of examples 3 to 23 have the core structure (la)
  • the orexin-1 receptor antagonist activity of the compounds of formula (I) was determined in accordance with the following experimental method.
  • CHO-DG44 cells expressing the human orexin-1 receptor were grown in cell medium (MEM medium with Earl's salts) containing 2 mM L-Glutamine, 0.4 mg/mL G418 Sulphate from GD3CO BRL and 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum from Gibco BRL.
  • the cells were seeded at 20,000 cells/100 ⁇ l/well into 96-well black clear bottom sterile plates from Costar which had been pre-coated with 10 ⁇ g/well of poly-L-lysine from SIGMA. The seeded plates were incubated overnight at 37C in 5% CO 2 .
  • Agonists were prepared as 1 mM stocks in water:DMSO (1:1). EC50 values (the concentration required to produce 50% maximal response) were estimated using 1 lx half log unit dilutions (Biomek 2000, Beckman) in Tyrode's buffer containing probenecid (10 mM HEPES with 145mM NaCl, lOmM glucose, 2.5 mM KC1, 1.5 mM CaCl 2 , 1.2 mM MgCl 2 and 2.5mM probenecid; pH7.4). Antagonists were prepared as 10 mM stocks in DMSO (100%).
  • Antagonist IC50 values (the concentration of compound needed to inhibit 50% of the agonist response) were determined against 3.0 nM human orexin-A using 1 lx half log unit dilutions in Tyrode's buffer containing 10%o DMSO and probenecid.
  • Kb IC50/(l+([3/EC50]) where EC50 was the potency of human orexin-A determined in the assay (in nM terms) and IC50 is expressed in molar terms.
  • Compounds of Examples tested according to this method had pKb values in the range 6.9 to 8.6 at the human cloned orexin-1 receptor.
  • the orexin-2 receptor antagonist activity of the compounds of formula (I) was determined in accordance with the following experimental method.
  • CHO-DG44 cells expressing the human orexin-2 receptor were grown in cell medium (MEM medium with Earl's salts) contaimng 2 mM L-Glutamine, 0.4 mg/mL G418 Sulphate from GIBCO BRL and 10%) heat inactivated fetal calf serum from Gibco BRL.
  • the cells were seeded at 20,000 cells/100 ⁇ l/well into 96-well black clear bottom sterile plates from Costar which had been pre-coated with 10 ⁇ g/well of poly-L-lysine from SIGMA. The seeded plates were incubated overnight at 37C in 5% CO 2 .
  • Agonists were prepared as 1 mM stocks in wate ⁇ DMSO (1:1).
  • EC50 values (the concentration required to produce 50% maximal response) were estimated using 1 lx half log unit dilutions (Biomek 2000, Beckman) in Tyrode's buffer containing probenecid (10 mM HEPES with 145mM NaCl, lOmM glucose, 2.5 mM KC1, 1.5 mM CaCl 2 , 1.2 mM MgCl 2 and 2.5mM probenecid; pH7.4). Antagonists were prepared as 10 mM stocks in DMSO (100%).
  • Antagonist IC50 values (the concentration of compound needed to inhibit 50% of the agonist response) were determined against 10.0 nM human orexin-A using 1 lx half log unit dilutions in Tyrode's buffer containing 10% DMSO and probenecid.
  • Antagonist or buffer (25 ⁇ l) was added (Quadra) the cell plates gently shaken and incubated at 37C in 5%> CO for 30 min. Cell plates were then transferred to the Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR, Molecular Devices) instrument. Prior to drug addition a single image of the cell plate was taken (signal test), to evaluate dye loading consistency. The run protocol used 60 images taken at 1 second intervals followed by a further 24 images at 5 second intervals. Agonists were added (by the FLIPR) after 20 sec (during continuous reading). From each well, peak fluorescence was determined over the whole assay period and the mean of readings 1-19 inclusive was subtracted from this figure.
  • FLIPR Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader
  • Kb IC50/(l+([3/EC50]) where EC50 was the potency of human orexin-A determined in the assay (in nM terms) and IC50 is expressed in molar tenns.

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Abstract

This invention relates to N-aryl sulphonyl cyclic amine derivatives of formula (I): and their use as orexin antagonists.

Description

Novel Compounds
This invention relates to N-aryl sulphonyl cyclic amine derivatives and their use as pharmaceuticals. Many medically significant biological processes are mediated by proteins participating in signal transduction pathways that involve G-proteins and/or second messengers.
Polypeptides and polynucleotides encoding the human 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled neuropeptide receptor, orexin-1 (HFGAΝ72), have been identified and are disclosed in EP-A-875565, EP-A-875566 and WO 96/34877. Polypeptides and polynucleotides encoding a second human orexin receptor, orexin-2 (HFGANP), have been identified and are disclosed in EP-A-893498.
Polypeptides and polynucleotides encoding polypeptides which are ligands for the orexin-1 receptor, e.g. orexin-A (Lig72A) are disclosed in EP-A-849361. Orexin receptors are found in the mammalian host and may be responsible for many biological functions, including pathologies including, but not limited to, depression; anxiety; addictions; obsessive compulsive disorder; affective neurosis/disorder; depressive neurosis/disorder; anxiety neurosis; dysthymic disorder; behaviour disorder; mood disorder; sexual dysfunction; psychosexual dysfunction; sex disorder; sexual disorder; schizophrenia; manic depression; delerium; dementia; severe mental retardation and dyskinesias such as Huntington's disease and Gilles de la Tourett's syndrome; disturbed biological and circadian rhythms; feeding disorders, such as anorexia, bulimia, cachexia, and obesity; diabetes; appetite/taste disorders; vomiting/nausea; asthma; cancer; Parkinson's disease; Cushing's syndrome / disease; basophil adenoma; prolactinoma; hyperprolactinemia; hypopituitarism; hypophysis tumor / adenoma; hypothalamic diseases; Froehlich's syndrome; adrenohypophysis disease; hypophysis disease; hypophysis tumor / adenoma; pituitary growth hormone; adrenohypophysis hypofunction; adrenohypophysis hyperfunction; hypothalamic hypogonadism; Kallman's syndrome (anosmia, hyposmia); functional or psychogenic amenorrhea; hypopituitarism; hypothalamic hypothyroidism; hypothalamic- adrenal dysfunction; idiopathic hype rolactinemia; hypothalamic disorders of growth hormone deficiency; idiopathic growth hormone deficiency; dwarfism; gigantism; acromegaly; disturbed biological and circadian rhythms; and sleep disturbances associated with such diseases as neurological disorders, neuropathic pain and restless leg syndrome, heart and lung diseases; acute and congestive heart failure; hypotension; hypertension; urinary retention; osteoporosis; angina pectoris; myocardial infarction; ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke; subarachnoid haemorrhage; head injury such as sub-arachnoid haemorrhage associated with traumatic head injury; ulcers; allergies; benign prostatic hypertrophy; chronic renal failure; renal disease; impaired glucose tolerance; migraine; hyperalgesia; pain; enhanced or exaggerated sensitivity to pain, such as hyperalgesia, causalgia and allodynia; acute pain; burn pain; atypical facial pain; neuropathic pain; back pain; complex regional pain syndromes I and II; arthritic pain; sports injury pain; pain related to infection, e.g. HIV, post-polio syndrome, and post-herpetic neuralgia; phantom limb pain; labour pain; cancer pain; post-chemotherapy pain; post-stroke pain; post- operative pain; neuralgia; nausea and vomiting; conditions associated with visceral pain including irritable bowel syndrome, migraine and angina; urinary bladder incontinence e.g. urge incontinence; tolerance to narcotics or withdrawal from narcotics; sleep disorders; sleep apnea; narcolepsy; insomnia; parasomnia; jet-lag syndrome; and neurodegenerative disorders, which includes nosological entities such as disinhibition-dementia-parkinsonism- amyotrophy complex; pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration, epilepsy, and seizure disorders.
Experiments have shown that central administration of the ligand orexin- A (described in more detail below) stimulated food intake in freely-feeding rats during a 4 hour time period. This increase was approximately four-fold over control rats receiving vehicle. These data suggest that orexin-A may be an endogenous regulator of appetite.
Therefore, antagonists of its receptor may be useful in the treatment of obesity and diabetes, see Cell, 1998, 92, 573-585.
There is a significant incidence of obesity in westernised societies. According to WHO definitions a mean of 35% of subjects in 39 studies were overweight and a further 22%o clinically obese. It has been estimated that 5.7%o of all healthcare costs in the USA are a consequence of obesity. About 85% of Type 2 diabetics are obese, and diet and exercise are of value in all diabetics. The incidence of diagnosed diabetes in westernised countries is typically 5% and there are estimated to be an equal number undiagnosed. The incidence of both diseases is rising, demonstrating the inadequacy of current treatments which may be either ineffective or have toxicity risks including cardiovascular effects. Treatment of diabetes with sulfonylureas or insulin can cause hypoglycaemia, whilst metformin causes GI side-effects. No drug treatment for Type 2 diabetes has been shown to reduce the long-term complications of the disease. Insulin sensitisers will be useful for many diabetics, however they do not have an anti-obesity effect. Rat sleep/EEG studies have also shown that central administration of orexin-A, an agonist of the orexin receptors, causes a dose-related increase in arousal, largely at the expense of a reduction in paradoxical sleep and slow wave sleep 2, when administered at the onset of the normal sleep period. Therefore antagonists of its receptor maybe useful in the treatment of sleep disorders including insomnia. The present invention provides N-aryl sulphonyl cyclic amine derivatives which are non-peptide antagonists of human orexin receptors, in particular orexin-1 receptors. In particular, these compounds are of potential use in the treatment of obesity, including obesity observed in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes patients, and/or sleep disorders. Additionally these compounds are useful in the treatment of stroke, particularly ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and/or blocking the emetic response, i.e. useful in the treatment of nausea and vomiting.
International Patent Applications WO99/09024, WO99/58533, WO00/47577 and WO00/47580 disclose phenyl urea derivatives and WO00/47576 discloses quinolinyl cinnamide derivatives as orexin receptor antagonists. WO01/96302 discloses Ν-aroyl cyclic amine derivatives.
According to the invention there is provided a compound of fonnula (I):
Figure imgf000004_0001
0) wherein:
Y represents a bond, oxygen, NQ or a group (CH2)n, wherein n represents 1, 2 or 3; m represents 1, 2, or 3; p represents 0 or 1; q represents 0 or 1 provided that when q = 1, p = 0; X is NR, wherein R is H or (C1-4)alkyl; Q is H or (C1-4)alkyl; Ar1 is aryl, or a mono or bicyclic heteroaryl group containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; any of which maybe optionally substituted;
Ar2 represents phenyl or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the phenyl or heterocyclyl group is substituted by R1 and further optional substituents; or Ar2 represents an optionally substituted bicyclic aromatic or bicyclic heteroaromatic group containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;
R1 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted(C1- )alkoxy, halo, cyano, optionally substituted(C1-6)alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Preferably m is 1 when p is 0.
In a further preferred embodiment X is NH; m is 1 and p is 0.
Examples of when Ar1 is a mono or bicyclic heteroaryl are quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, naphthyridinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, oxazolyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, quinolinyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, benzothiazolyl, oxazolyl[4,5- bjpyridiyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, isoqumolinyl, furanyl or thienyl.
Preferably Ar1 is benzofuranyl, quinoxalinyl, pyridinyl or pyrimidinyl. When Ar2 is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, it may be furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl or pyrazolyl.
When Ar2 is an optionally substituted bicyclic aromatic or bicyclic heteroaromatic it is selected from benzofuryl, benzimidazolyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, isoqumolinyl, quinazolinyl, indolyl, benzothiazolyl, or benzothiadiazolyl. Preferably Ar2 represents optionally substituted phenyl, pyridyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, benzofuryl, naphthyl, triazolyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothienyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiazolyl, indolyl or thienyl.
Most preferably Ar2 represents optionally substituted phenyl or napthyl. When R1 is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl group containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, it maybe furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, tetrazoyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, moφholinyl or thiomoφholinyl. Alternatively R1 is selected from optionally substituted(C1-4 )alkoxy, halo, cyano, optionally substituted(C1-6)alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl.
Preferably R1 is optionally substituted (C1.4 )alkoxy, halo, optionally substituted^-. 6)alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl.
More preferably R1 is trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromefhyl, methoxy, (C-)alkyl, chloro, or optionally substituted phenyl.
Optional substituents for the groups Ar1, Ar2, R and R1 include halogen, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, nitro, (C1- )alkyl, (C1-4)alkoxy, hydroxy(C1- )alkyl, hydroxy(C1-4)alkoxy, halo(C1- )alkyl, halo(C1-4)alkoxy, aryl(C1- )alkoxy, (C1-4)alkylthio, hydroxy(C1- )alkyl, (C-. 4)alkoxy(C1-4)alkyl, (C3-6)cycloalkyl(Cι- )alkoxy, (C1-4)alkanoyl, (d^alkoxycarbonyl, (C*. 4)alkylsulfonyl, (C1-4)alkylsulfonyloxy, (Cι- )al lsulfonyl(C-- )alkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonyl(C1-4)alkyl, (Cι- )alkylsulfonamido, (C1-4)alkylamido, (C-. 4)alkylsulfonamido(C1-4)alkyl, (Cι- )alkylamido(C1- )alkyl, arylsulfonamido, arylcarboxamido, arylsulfonamido(C1-4)alkyl, arylcarboxamido(C1-4)alkyl, aroyl, aroyl(Cι. 4)alkyl, or aryl(C1-4)alkanoyl group; a group RaR°N-, RaOCO(CH2)r, RaCON(Ra)(CH2)r, RaRbNCO(CH2)r, RaR NSO2(CH2)r or RaSO2NRb(CH2)r where each of Ra and Rb independently represents a hydrogen atom or a (C1- )alkyl group or where appropriate RaR forms part of a (C3-6)azacyloalkane or (C3-6)(2-oxo)azacycloalkane ring and r represents zero or an integer from 1 to 4. Additional substituents are (C1-4)acyl, aryl, aryl(C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkylamino(C1-4)alkyl, R^^CH^n-, RaRbN(CH2)nO-, wherein n represents an integer from 1 to 4. Additionally when the substituent is R RbN(CH2)n- or R*RbN(CH2)nO, Ra with at least one CH2 of the (CH2)n portion of the group form a (C3-6)azacycloalkane and R represents hydrogen, a (C1-4)alkyl group or with the nitrogen to which it is attached forms a second (C3-6)azacycloalkane fused to the first (C3-6)azacycloalkane.
Preferred optional substituents for Ar2 are halogen, cyano, (C1- )alkyl and (C-. 4)alkoxy.
Preferred optional substituents for Ar1 are halogen and cyano.
Preferred optional substituents for R1 are halogen, (C1-4)alkoxy and
Figure imgf000005_0001
In the groups Ar1 and Ar2, substituents positioned ortho to one another may be linked to form a ring. Illustrative compounds of formula (I) are selected from compounds having a core structure (la)
Figure imgf000006_0001
and having Y, q, Ar1 and Ar2 as shown in table 1 :
Table 1
Figure imgf000006_0002
Figure imgf000007_0001
Figure imgf000008_0001
and phannaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
When a halogen atom is present in the compound of fonnula (I) it may be fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
When the compound of formula (I) contains an alkyl group, whether alone or forming part of a larger group, e.g. alkoxy or alkylthio, the alkyl group may be straight chain, branched or cyclic, or combinations thereof, it is preferably methyl or ethyl.
When used herein the term aryl means a 5- to 6- membered aromatic ring for example phenyl, or a 7 to 12 membered bicyclic ring system where at least one of the rings is aromatic for example naphthyl.
It will be appreciated that compounds of formula (I) may exist as R or S enantiomers. The present invention includes within its scope all such isomers, including mixtures. Where additional chiral centres are present in compounds of formula (I), the present invention includes within its scope all possible diastereoismers, including mixtures thereof. The different isomeric forms may be separated or resolved one from the other by conventional methods, or any given isomer maybe obtained by conventional synthetic methods or by stereospecific or asymmetric syntheses.
It will be understood that the invention includes pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives of compounds of formula (I) and that these are included within the scope of the invention.
Particular compounds according to the invention include those mentioned in the examples and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives.
As used herein "pharmaceutically acceptable derivative" includes any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or salt of such ester of a compound of formula (I) which, upon administration to the recipient is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound of formula (I) or an active metabolite or residue thereof.
It will be appreciated that for use in medicine the salts of the compounds of formula (I) should be pharmaceutically acceptable. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids e.g. hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, nitric or phosphoric acid; and organic acids e.g. succinic, maleic, acetic, fumaric, citric, tartaric, benzoic, p-toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic acid. Other salts e.g. oxalates, maybe used, for example in the isolation of compounds of formula (I) and are included within the scope of this invention. Also included within the scope of the invention are solvates and hydrates of compounds of formula (I). Certain of the compounds of formula (I) may form acid addition salts with one or more equivalents of the acid. The present invention includes within its scope all possible stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric forms.
Since the compounds of formula (I) are intended for use in pharmaceutical compositions it will readily be understood that they are each preferably provided in substantially pure form, for example at least 60%> pure, more suitably at least 75 %> pure and preferably at least 85%, especially at least 98% pure (% are on a weight for weight basis). Impure preparations of the compounds may be used for preparing the more pure forms used in the pharmaceutical compositions. According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) and derivatives thereof. The following schemes detail some synthetic routes to compounds of the invention.
Schemes
According to a further feature of the invention there is provided a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) and derivatives thereof. The following are examples of synthetic schemes that maybe used to synthesise the compounds of the invention.
Schemes la-c may be used for the synthesis of compounds where q = 0. Scheme 2 may be used for the synthesis of compounds where q = 0 or 1. Scheme 3-5 maybe used for the synthesis of compounds where q = 1.
The compounds labeled (I) in schemes 1 to 5 signify compounds that fall within the generic scope of formula (I).
Scheme la
Figure imgf000010_0001
deprotection
Figure imgf000010_0002
wherein Ar1, Ar2, Y, m, p and R are as defined for formula (I), q = 0, L1 and L2 are leaving groups, and P is a protecting group.
Examples of suitable leaving groups L1 include halogen, hydroxy, OSO2Me, OSO (4-tolyl). The reaction of (V) with (VT) preferably proceeds in an inert solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of abase such as triethylamine, sodium hydride or potassium t-butoxide.
An example of a suitable leaving group L2 is halogen. Sulphonamide formation eg. (IT) to (I) maybe carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, in the presence of a base such as Iriethylamine.
Examples of protecting groups P include t-butyloxycarbonyl, trifluoroacetyl , optionally substitued benzyl and benzyloxycarbonyl. Deprotection conditions are respectively, acid (e.g. trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane), base (e.g. sodium hydroxide in a solvent such as aqueous methanol) and catalytic hydrogenolysis in an inert solvent (e.g using palladium on charcoal in a lower alcohol or ethyl acetate).
Scheme lb
Figure imgf000011_0001
deprotection
Figure imgf000011_0002
Reaction of (VIH) with (LX) proceeds in an inert solvent such as dimethylformamide or xylene in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate or diisopropylethylamine, preferably at elevated temperatures. P can be a protecting group or H.
Alternatively where m is 1 and p is 0 or 1 compounds maybe prepared as shown in scheme lc.
Scheme lc
Figure imgf000011_0003
Reaction of (XI) with an alkylating agent (C^L1 proceeds in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride in an inert solvent such as dimethylformamide.
Compounds of formula (V), (VI), (TX), (X) are known in the literature or can be prepared by known methods. Compounds (VIE) can be prepared by known methods. Within the schemes above there is scope for functional group interconversion; for example in compound (V), conversion of one value of L1 to another value of L ; or in compounds (TV) conversion of protecting group P for another protecting group P, or conversion of one compound of formula (I) to another of formula (I) by interconversion of substituents. Where Y = NQ, Q may also represent a protecting group P in the above schemes.
When R1 is an aromatic group, the substituent R1 may be introduced at the final stage as illustrated in Scheme 2 by reaction of a compound of formula (VII) where L3 represents a leaving group such as halogen (preferably bromo or iodo) or tiifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, and all other variables are as previously defined, with a reagent R!M, where M is the residue of an organometallic species e.g. B(OH) or trialkylstannyl. Such a process may be carried out in an inert solvent such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane or 1,4- dioxan, in the presence of a transition metal catalyst such as Pd(PPh3) .
Scheme 2
Figure imgf000012_0001
(VII) (I)
Wherein Ar2, m, p, q, Ar1, R, R1 and Y are as defined for compounds of formula (I).
L is a leaving group.
Scheme 3
deprotection
Figure imgf000012_0002
Figure imgf000012_0003
wherein Y, Ar1 and Ar2 are as defined for formula (I), P is a protecting group, L2 is a leaving group as defined above and L4 is a leaving group.
Examples of suitable leaving groups L4 include halogen, hydroxy, OC(=0)al yl OC(=0)0- alkyl and OS02Me. Acylation may be carried out using a wide range of known acylation conditions, e.g. in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine. Alternatively these steps may be carried out when L4 represents hydroxy, in which case the reaction takes place in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane in the presence of a diimide reagent such as l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, and an activator such as 1- hydroxybenzotriazole.
Scheme 4
eprotection
deprotection
Figure imgf000013_0001
wherein Y, Ar1 and Ar2 are as defined for formula (I), P and P1 are protecting groups and L2 and L4 are leaving groups as defined above. Examples of protecting groups P and P1 are given in scheme la.
Scheme 5
Ar1COL-t
Figure imgf000013_0002
Figure imgf000013_0003
(XXI) (XXII)
Figure imgf000013_0004
(XXlll) (I) wherein Y, Ar1 and Ar2 are as defined for formula (I), and L1 and L4 are leaving groups as described above.
Compound (XXI) maybe prepared as described in O. Froelich et al., Tet. Asym. 1993, 4 (11), 2335 and references therein. The starting materials for use in Schemes 1 to 5 are commercially available, known in the literature or can be prepared by known methods. Within the schemes above there is scope for functional group interconversion. and for conversion of one value of L1 to L4 to another value of L1 to L4; or conversion of protecting group P or P1 to another protecting group P or P1, or conversion of one compound of formula (T) to another of formula (I) by interconversion of substituents. Where Y = NQ, Q may also represent a protecting group P in the above schemes.
The compounds of formula (T) may be prepared singly or as compound libraries comprising at least 2, e.g. 5 to 1000, preferably 10 to 100 compounds of formula (I). Compound libraries may be prepared by a combinatorial 'split and mix' approach or by multiple parallel synthesis using either solution phase or solid phase chemistry, by procedures known to those skilled in the art.
Thus according to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound library comprising at least 2 compounds of formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be prepared conventionally by reaction with the appropriate acid or acid derivative.
The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives are useful for the treatment of diseases or disorders where an antagonist of a human Orexin receptor is required such as obesity and diabetes; prolactinoma; hypoprolactinemia; hypothalamic disorders of growth hormone deficiency; idiopathic growth hormone deficiency; Cushings syndrome/disease; hypothalamic-adrenal dysfunction; dwarfism; sleep disorders; sleep apnea; narcolepsy; insomnia; parasornnia; jet-lag syndrome; sleep disturbances associated with diseases such as neurological disorders, neuropathic pain and restless leg syndrome; heart and lung diseases; depression; anxiety; addictions; obsessive compulsive disorder; affective neurosis/disorder; depressive neurosis/disorder; anxiety neurosis; dysthymic disorder; behaviour disorder; mood disorder; sexual dysfunction; psychosexual dysfunction; sex disorder; sexual disorder; schizophrenia; manic depression; delerium; dementia; bulimia and hypopituitarism. Additionally the compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives are useful for the treatment of stroke, particularly ischemic or haemorrhagic and/or in blocking an emetic response i.e. nausea and vomiting.
The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives are particularly useful for the treatment of obesity, including obesity associated with Type 2 diabetes, and sleep disorders. Additionally the compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives are useful for the treatment of stroke, particularly ischemic or haemorrhagic and/or in blocking an emetic response i.e. nausea and vomiting. Other diseases or disorders which maybe treated in accordance with the invention include disturbed biological and circadian rhythms; adrenohypophysis disease; hypophysis disease; hypophysis tumor / adenoma; adrenohypophysis hypofunction; functional or psychogenic amenorrhea; adrenohypophysis hyperfunction; migraine; hyperalgesia; pain; enhanced or exaggerated sensitivity to pain such as hyperalgesia, causalgia and allodynia; acute pain; burn pain; atypical facial pain; neuropathic pain; back pain; complex regional pain syndromes I and II; arthritic pain; sports injury pain; pain related to infection e.g. HIV, post-polio syndrome and post-heφetic neuralgia; phantom limb pain; labour pain; cancer pain; post-chemotherapy pain; post-stroke pain; post-operative pain; neuralgia; and tolerance to narcotics or withdrawal from narcotics. The invention also provides a method of treating or preventing diseases or disorders where an antagonist of a human Orexin receptor is required, which comprises admiriistering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
The invention also provides a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or disorders where an antagonist of a human Orexin receptor is required.
The invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or disorders where an antagonist of a human Orexin receptor is required.
For use in therapy the compounds of the invention are usually administered as a pharmaceutical composition. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives may be administered by any convenient method, e.g. by oral, parenteral, buccal, sublingual, nasal, rectal or transdermal administration, and the pharmaceutical compositions adapted accordingly.
The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives which are active when given orally can be formulated as liquids or solids, e.g. as syrups, suspensions, emulsions, tablets, capsules or lozenges.
A liquid formulation will generally consist of a suspension or solution of the active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier(s) e.g. an aqueous solvent such as water, ethanol or glycerine, or a non-aqueous solvent, such as polyethylene glycol or an oil. The formulation may also contain a suspending agent, preservative, flavouring and/or colouring agent.
A composition in the form of a tablet can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s) routinely used for preparing solid formulations, such as magnesium stearate, starch, lactose, sucrose and cellulose.
A composition in the form of a capsule can be prepared using routine encapsulation procedures, e.g. pellets containing the active ingredient can be prepared using standard carriers and then filled into a hard gelatin capsule; alternatively a dispersion or suspension can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s), e.g. aqueous gums, celluloses, silicates or oils and the dispersion or suspension then filled into a soft gelatin capsule.
Typical parenteral compositions consist of a solution or suspension of the active ingredient in a sterile aqueous carrier or parenterally acceptable oil, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, lecithin, arachis oil or sesame oil. Alternatively, the solution can be lyophilised and then reconstituted with a suitable solvent just prior to administration. Compositions for nasal administration may conveniently be formulated as aerosols, drops, gels and powders. Aerosol formulations typically comprise a solution or fine suspension of the active ingredient in a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous or non- aqueous solvent and are usually presented in single or multidose quantities in sterile form in a sealed container which can take the form of a cartridge or refill for use with an atomising device. Alternatively the sealed container may be a disposable dispensing device such as a single dose nasal inhaler or an aerosol dispenser fitted with a metering valve. Where the dosage form comprises an aerosol dispenser, it will contain a propellant which can be a compressed gas e.g. air, or an organic propellant such as a fluorochlorohydrocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon. Aerosol dosage forms can also take the form of pump-atomisers. Compositions suitable for buccal or sublingual administration include tablets, lozenges and pastilles where the active ingredient is formulated with a carrier such as sugar and acacia, tragacanth, or gelatin and glycerin.
Compositions for rectal administration are conveniently in the form of suppositories containing a conventional suppository base such as cocoa butter.
Compositions suitable for transdermal administration include ointments, gels and patches.
Preferably the composition is in unit dose form such as a tablet, capsule or ampoule. The dose of the compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, used in the treatment or prophylaxis of the abovementioned disorders or diseases will vary in the usual way with the particular disorder or disease being treated, the weight of the subject and other similar factors. However, as a general rule, suitable unit doses may be 0.05 to 1000 mg, more suitably 0.05 to 500 mg. Unit doses may be administered more than once a day for example two or three times a day, so that the total daily dosage is in the range of about 0.01 to 100 mg kg; and such therapy may extend for a number of weeks or months, fn the case of pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives the above figures are calculated as the parent compound of formula (I).
No toxicological effects are indicated/expected when a compound of formula (I) is administered in the above mentioned dosage range. Human Orexin-A has the amino acid sequence: pyroGlu Pro Leu Pro Asp Cys Cys Arg Gin Lys Thr Cys Ser Cys Arg Leu 1 5 10 15
Tyr Glu Leu Leu His Gly Ala Gly Asn His Ala Ala Gly lie Leu Thr 20 25 30 Leu-NH2
Orexin-A can be employed in screening procedures for compounds which inhibit the ligand's activation of the orexin-1 receptor.
In general, such screening procedures involve providing appropriate cells which express the orexin-1 receptor on their surface. Such cells include cells from mammals, yeast, Drosophila or E. coli. In particular, a polynucleotide encoding the orexin-1 receptor is used to transfect cells to express the receptor. The expressed receptor is then contacted with a test compound and an orexin-1 receptor ligand to observe inhibition of a functional '-^response. One such screening procedure involves the use of melanophores which are transfecte'Mo express the orexin-1 receptor, as described in WO 92/01810.
Another screening procedure involves introducing RNA encoding the orexin-1 receptor into Xenopus oocytes to transiently express the receptor. The receptor oocytes are then contacted with a receptor ligand and a test compound, followed by detection of inhibition of a signal in the case of screening for compounds which are thought to inhibit activation of the receptor by the ligand.
Another method involves screening for compounds which inhibit activation of the receptor by deterrmning inhibition of binding of a labelled orexin-1 receptor ligand to cells which have the receptor on their surface. This method involves transfecting a eukaryotic cell with DNA encoding the orexin-1 receptor such that the cell expresses the receptor on its surface and contacting the cell or cell membrane preparation with a compound in the presence of a labelled form of an orexin-1 receptor ligand. The ligand may contain a radioactive label. The amount of labelled ligand bound to the receptors is measured, e.g. by measuring radioactivity.
Yet another screening technique involves the use of FLIPR equipment for high throughput screening of test compounds that inhibit mobilisation of intracellular calcium ions, or other ions, by affecting the interaction of an orexin-1 receptor ligand with the orexin-1 receptor. All publications, including but not limited to patents and patent applications, cited in this specification are herein incoφorated by reference as if each individual publication were specifically and individually indicated to be incoφorated by reference herein as though fully set forth.
The following Examples illustrate the preparation of pharmacologically active compounds of the invention. The Descriptions D 1 -D 14 illustrate the preparation of intennediates to compounds of the invention.
Description 1 : 2,2,2-Trifluoro-N-[(S)-l-((R)-2-hydroxy-l-phenyl-ethyl)-piperidin-2- ylmethylj-acetamide (R)-2-[(S)-2-Aminomethyl-piperidin-l-yl])-2-phenyl-ethanol (20.0g) (Froelich, Olivier; Desos, Patrice; Bonin, Martine; Quirion, Jean-Charles; Husson, Henri-Philippe; Zhu, Jieping., J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6700) and triethylamine (13.0ml) were dissolved in dichloromethane (500ml), cooled to 0°C and trifluoroacetic anhydride (12.66ml) added dropwise. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The organic phase was washed with water, separated, dried and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed [silica gel, 0 - 10% (9:1 meth ol^ammonia) in dichloromethane eluanfj to give the title compound (28. Og) as a yellow oil. Mass spectrum (APT7): Found 331 (MET1). C16H21F3N2O2 requires 330. [α]D - 55°(α) 28° c = 1% in chloroform
Description^ : 2,2,2-Trifluoro-N-(S)-l -piperidin-2-ylmethyl-acetamide
The product from Dl (28. Og) was dissolved in ethanol (200ml) containing Pearlmans catalyst (2.0g) and shaken under a hydrogen atmosphere (50psi) at 50°C for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, 0 - 10% (9:1 methanol/ammonia) in dichloromethane eluant) to give the title compound (14.18g) as a colourless oil. Mass spectrum (API4): Found 211 (MH*). C8H13F3N2O requires 210. [α]D +18°@ 28° c = 1% in chloroform. 1H NMR δ: (d6-DMSO) 1.07 (IH, m), 1.32 (2H, m), 1.35 - 1.60 (2H, m), 1.72 (IH, m), 2.54 (IH, t), 2.70 (IH, m), 3.00 (IH, d), 3.17 (3H, m), 9.30 (IH, br. s.)
Description 3: (S)-2-[(2,2,2-Trifluoro-ethanoylamino)-methyl]-piperidme-l-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester The product from D2 (14.18g) was dissolved in dichloromethane (250ml) and treated with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (14.95g). The mixture was stirred for 16h, washed with water, 2N hydrochloric acid and saturated brine, dried and solvent removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (18.3g). Mass spectrum (API4): Found 311 (MH4). C13H 1F3N2O3 requires 310. [ ]D -94°@ 28° c = 1% in chloroform. 1HNMR δ: (d6-DMSO) 1.27 (IH, m), 1.36, 1.47 (9H, s), 1.49 - 1.58 (5H, m), 2.88 (IH, m), 3.22 (IH, m), 3.49 (IH, m), 3.84 (IH, m), 4.34 (IH, m) and 9.42 (IH, br. s.).
Description 4: (S) 2-Aminomethyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester
The product from D3 (18.2g) was dissolved in methanol (500ml) and treated with potassium carbonate (16.1g). After stirring for 16h solvent was removed at reduced pressure and the residue partitioned between dichloromethane/water. The organic phase was separated, washed with brine, dried and solvent removed at reduced pressure, the residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, 0 - 10% (9:1 methanol/ammonia) in dichloromethane eluant) to give the title compound (8.82g). Mass spectrum (API4): Found 215 (MH4). C11H22N2O2 requires 214. [α]D -32.2°@ 28° c = 1% in chloroform. !H NMR δ: 1.20 - 1.70 (8H, m), 1.46 (9H, s), 2.64 - 2.80 (2H, m), 2.94 (IH, dd), 3.99 (IH, m) and 4.15 (lH, m).
Description s: (S)-2-(((l-Benzofuran-4-yl-methanoyl)-amino)-methyl)-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
To the amine from D4 (2.14g) in dichloromethane (50ml) was added benzofuran-4- carboxylic acid (1.62g), followed by l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (1.92g) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (O.lg) and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 18h. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was dried, evaporated and the residue chromatographed on silica gel eluting with a pentane/ethyl acetate gradient to afford the title product as a colurless solid (3g). Mass spectrum (API1"): Found 381 (MNa4). C20H26N2O4 requires 358.
Description 6: Benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-l-piperidin-2-ylmethyl)-amide
To the product from D5 (2.9g) in dichloromethane (100ml) was added trifluoroacetic acid (15ml) at room temperature. After 3.5h the mixture was evaporated and the residue partitioned between dichloromethane and 1M sodium hydroxide. The aqueous phase was re-extracted with dichloromethane and the combined organic phases dried and evaporated in vacuo to afford the title product as a colourless solid (2.17g). Mass spectrum (API4): Found 259 (MH4). C15H18N2O2 requires 258.
Description 7: (S)-2-[(6,7-Difluoroquinoxalin-2-ylamino)methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert buty ester
The amine D4 (0.607g), and 2-chloro-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline McQuaid et. al. J. Med. Chem. (1992), 35(18), 3319-24 (0.569g) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (1ml) and heated to 90 °C for 5 days under an atmosphere of argon. After cooling, the reaction solution was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with water, saturated brine, dried and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed over silica gel, eluting with a gradient of 10 to 50% ethyl acetate in hexane. The title compound was obtained as a pale yellow solid (0.460g), MH4379. C19H 4F N4O requires 378.
Description 8: (S)-2-[(6,7-Difluoroquinoxalin-2-ylamino)methyl]-piperidine
The product from D7 (0.460g) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (10ml) and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The solution was then evaporated and the residue chromatographed over silica gel, eluting with 0 to 10% (9:1 methanol - concentrated ammonia solution) in dichloromethane. The title compound was obtained as a pale yellow foam (0.286g), MH4279. Cι4H16F2N4 requires 278.
Description 9 : (S)-2- [(5-Cyano-pyridin-2-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine-1 -carboxylic acid tert butyl ester.
The title compound (1.54g) was prepared from D4 (2.0g) and 2-chloro-5-cyanopyridine (1.29g) in the presence of diisopropylethylamine (1.21g) according to the method of D7. Mass spectrum (API ): Found 317 (MH4). C17H2 N4O2 requires 316.
Description 10 : (S)-6-[(Piperidin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-nicotinonitrile
The title compound (1.56g) was prepared from the compound of D9 (1.53g) and trifluoroacetic acid according to the method of D8. Mass spectrum (API4): Found 217 (MH4). C12H16N4 requires 216.
Description 11 : (S)-2-[(5-Bromo-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-pyrrolidin-l- carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (S)-2-Aminomethyl-pyrrolidine-l -carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (5g, 0.025mol) and 5- bromo-2-chloropyrimidine (4.83g, 0.025mol) were combined in xylene (150ml) containing potassium carbonate (10.35g, 0.075mol) and diisopropylethylamine (12.9ml, 0.075mol) and heated under argon at 100°C for 20h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, pentane - 30% ethyl acetate/pentane). The appropriate f actions were collected, solvent removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (4.7g, 53%) as a colourless gum Mass spectrum (API4): Found 257 (MHAert BOC). C14H21 79BrN4O2 requires 356. Description 12 : (S)-(5-Bromo-pyrimidin-2-yl)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl-amine
To a solution of Dll (4.7g, 13mmol) in dichloromethane (100ml) was added trifluoroacetic acid (15ml) at room temperature. After 18h the reaction mixture was evaporated and partitioned between dichloromethane and 1M sodium hydroxide. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane and the combined extracts dried and evaporated to afford the title product (2.72g, 80%). Mass spectrum (API4): Found 257 (MH4). C9H13N4 79Br requires 256.
Description 13 : (S)-2-[(5-Bromo-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert butyl carbonate.
The amine from D4 (lg), 5-bromo-2-chloropyrimidine (0.9g) were combined in xylene (20ml) containing potassium carbonate (1.29g) and diisopropylethylamine (2.43g) and warmed to reflux for 48h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, pentane - 25% ethyl acetate/pentane). The appropriate fractions were collected, solvent removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (1.43g) as a colourless gum. Mass spectrum (API4): Found 271 (MH -tert BOC). C15H23 79BrN4O2 requires 370.
Description 14 : (S)-(5-Bromo-pyrimidin-2-yl)-piperidin-2-ylmethyl-amine dihydrochloride
The compound of D13 (2.1 g) was stirred in amixture of 4M HC1 in dioxan/methanol (1:1) for 4 h. Solvent was removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (1.4g) as a foam. Mass spectrum (API4): Found 271 (MH4). C10H15 79BrN4 requires 270.
Example 1 : Benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-l-(naphthalene-l-sulfonyl)-piperidin-2- ylmethyl)amide
1 -Naphthalene sulfonyl chloride (0.105g) was added to the amine D6 (O.lg) and triethylamine (0.16ml) in dichloromethane (4ml) at room temperature. After 18h the reaction mixture was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and the organic layer added directly onto a dry prepacked silica gel cartridge which was eluted with an ethyl acetate/pentane gradient to afford the title product (0.146g). Mass spectrum (Electrospray LC/MS): Found 449 (MH4). C25H24N2O4S requires 448.
Example 2: Benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-l-(biphenyl-2-sulfonyl)-piperidin-2- ylmethyl)-amide
A mixture of the product from Example 7 (0.465g), phenylboronic acid (0.108g) and sodium carbonate (0.470g) in dimethoxyethane (12ml) and water (12ml) was deoxygenated, tefraMs(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) ((0.185g) added and the reaction heated under argon at 100°C for 3h. The cooled mixture was filtered, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extracts were dried and evaporated in vacuo to a brown gum that was purified on silica gel eluting with an ethyl acetate/pentane gradient to afford the title product (0.1 OOg). Mass spectrum (ElectrosprayLC/MS): Found 475 (MH4). C27H26N2O4S requires 474.
In a similar manner Examples 3-23 in the table below were prepared from the amines described in the descriptions above and the appropriate sulphonyl chloride.
The compounds of examples 3 to 23 have the core structure (la)
Figure imgf000021_0001
wherein Y, q, Ar1 and Ar2 are as indicated in table 2:
Table 2
Figure imgf000021_0002
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000023_0001
It is understood that the present invention covers all combinations of particular and preferred groups described herein above.
Determination of Orexin-1 Receptor Antagonist Activity
The orexin-1 receptor antagonist activity of the compounds of formula (I) was determined in accordance with the following experimental method.
Experimental Method
CHO-DG44 cells expressing the human orexin-1 receptor were grown in cell medium (MEM medium with Earl's salts) containing 2 mM L-Glutamine, 0.4 mg/mL G418 Sulphate from GD3CO BRL and 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum from Gibco BRL. The cells were seeded at 20,000 cells/100 μl/well into 96-well black clear bottom sterile plates from Costar which had been pre-coated with 10 μg/well of poly-L-lysine from SIGMA. The seeded plates were incubated overnight at 37C in 5% CO2.
Agonists were prepared as 1 mM stocks in water:DMSO (1:1). EC50 values (the concentration required to produce 50% maximal response) were estimated using 1 lx half log unit dilutions (Biomek 2000, Beckman) in Tyrode's buffer containing probenecid (10 mM HEPES with 145mM NaCl, lOmM glucose, 2.5 mM KC1, 1.5 mM CaCl2, 1.2 mM MgCl2 and 2.5mM probenecid; pH7.4). Antagonists were prepared as 10 mM stocks in DMSO (100%). Antagonist IC50 values (the concentration of compound needed to inhibit 50% of the agonist response) were determined against 3.0 nM human orexin-A using 1 lx half log unit dilutions in Tyrode's buffer containing 10%o DMSO and probenecid.
On the day of assay 50 μl of cell medium containing probenecid (Sigma) and Fluo3 AM (Texas Fluorescence Laboratories) was added (Quadra, Tomtec) to each well to give final concentrations of 2.5 mM and 4 μM, respectively. The 96-well plates were incubated for 60 min at 37C in 5% CO2. The loading solution containing dye was then aspirated and cells were washed with 4x150 μl Tyrode's buffer containing probenecid and 0.1%) gelatin (Denley Cell Wash). The volume of buffer left in each well was 125 μl. Antagonist or buffer (25 μl) was added (Quadra) the cell plates gently shaken and incubated at 37C in 5% CO2 for 30 minutes. Cell plates were then transferred to the Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR, Molecular Devices) instrument. Prior to drug addition a single image of the cell plate was taken (signal test), to evaluate dye loading consistency. The run protocol used 60 images taken at 1 second intervals followed by a further 24 images at 5 second intervals. Agonists were added (by the FLIPR) after 20 seconds (during continuous reading). From each well, peak fluorescence was determined over the whole assay period and the mean of readings 1-19 inclusive was subtracted from this figure. The peak increase in fluorescence was plotted against compound concentration and iteratively curve fitted using a four parameter logistic fit (as described by Bowen and Jerman, TiPS, 1995, 16, 413-417) to generate a concentration effect value. Antagonist Kb values were calculated using the equation:
Kb= IC50/(l+([3/EC50]) where EC50 was the potency of human orexin-A determined in the assay (in nM terms) and IC50 is expressed in molar terms. Compounds of Examples tested according to this method had pKb values in the range 6.9 to 8.6 at the human cloned orexin-1 receptor.
Determination of Orexin-2 Receptor Antagonist Activity
The orexin-2 receptor antagonist activity of the compounds of formula (I) was determined in accordance with the following experimental method.
Experimental Method
CHO-DG44 cells expressing the human orexin-2 receptor were grown in cell medium (MEM medium with Earl's salts) contaimng 2 mM L-Glutamine, 0.4 mg/mL G418 Sulphate from GIBCO BRL and 10%) heat inactivated fetal calf serum from Gibco BRL. The cells were seeded at 20,000 cells/100 μl/well into 96-well black clear bottom sterile plates from Costar which had been pre-coated with 10 μg/well of poly-L-lysine from SIGMA. The seeded plates were incubated overnight at 37C in 5% CO2. Agonists were prepared as 1 mM stocks in wateπDMSO (1:1). EC50 values (the concentration required to produce 50% maximal response) were estimated using 1 lx half log unit dilutions (Biomek 2000, Beckman) in Tyrode's buffer containing probenecid (10 mM HEPES with 145mM NaCl, lOmM glucose, 2.5 mM KC1, 1.5 mM CaCl2, 1.2 mM MgCl2 and 2.5mM probenecid; pH7.4). Antagonists were prepared as 10 mM stocks in DMSO (100%). Antagonist IC50 values (the concentration of compound needed to inhibit 50% of the agonist response) were determined against 10.0 nM human orexin-A using 1 lx half log unit dilutions in Tyrode's buffer containing 10% DMSO and probenecid.
On the day of assay 50 μl of cell medium containing probenecid (Sigma) and Fluo3 AM (Texas Fluorescence Laboratories) was added (Quadra, Tomtec) to each well to give final concentrations of 2.5 mM and 4 μM, respectively. The 96-well plates were incubated for 60 min at 37C in 5% CO2. The loading solution containing dye was then aspirated and cells were washed with 4x150 μl Tyrode's buffer containing probenecid and 0.1% gelatin (Denley Cell Wash). The volume of buffer left in each well was 125 μl. Antagonist or buffer (25 μl) was added (Quadra) the cell plates gently shaken and incubated at 37C in 5%> CO for 30 min. Cell plates were then transferred to the Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR, Molecular Devices) instrument. Prior to drug addition a single image of the cell plate was taken (signal test), to evaluate dye loading consistency. The run protocol used 60 images taken at 1 second intervals followed by a further 24 images at 5 second intervals. Agonists were added (by the FLIPR) after 20 sec (during continuous reading). From each well, peak fluorescence was determined over the whole assay period and the mean of readings 1-19 inclusive was subtracted from this figure. The peak increase in fluorescence was plotted against compound concentration and iteratively curve fitted using a four parameter logistic fit (as described by Bowen and Jerman, TiPS, 1995, 16, 413- 417) to generate a concentration effect value. Antagonist Kb values were calculated using the equation:
Kb= IC50/(l+([3/EC50]) where EC50 was the potency of human orexin-A determined in the assay (in nM terms) and IC50 is expressed in molar tenns.
Compounds of Examples tested according to this method had pKb values in the range <6.4 to 7.6 at the human cloned orexin-2 receptor.
The application of which this description and claims forms part may be used as a basis for priority in respect of any subsequent application. The claims of such subsequent application may be directed to any feature or combination of features described herein. They may take the form of product, composition, process, or use claims and may include, by way of example and without limitation the following claims:

Claims

1. A compound of formula (I) :
Figure imgf000026_0001
(I) wherein:
Y represents a bond, oxygen, NQ or a group (CH2)n, wherein n represents 1, 2 or 3; m represents 1, 2, or 3; p represents 0 or 1 ; q represents 0 or 1 provided that when q = 1, p = 0. X is NR, wherein R is H or (C1- )alkyl; Q is H or (C1-4)alkyl
Ar1 is aryl, or a mono or bicyclic heteroaryl group containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; any of which may be optionally substituted;
Ar2 represents phenyl or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the phenyl or heterocyclyl group is substituted by R1 and further optional substituents; or Ar2 represents an optionally substituted bicyclic aromatic or bicyclic heteroaromatic group containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;
R1 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted(C1-4 )alkoxy, halo, cyano, optionally substituted(C1-6)alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered heterocyclic ring containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
2. A compound according to claim 1 where m is 1 when p is 0.
3. A compound according to claim 1 or 2 wherein X is NH.
4. A compound according to claim 1 wherein when Ar1 is aryl p is not 1.
5. A compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of Examples 1 to 23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one thereof.
6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (T) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
7. Use of a compound of formula (Q as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of disorders where an antagonist of a human Orexin receptor is required.
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