WO2004030564A1 - Dental braces and methods for coating - Google Patents
Dental braces and methods for coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004030564A1 WO2004030564A1 PCT/US2003/030672 US0330672W WO2004030564A1 WO 2004030564 A1 WO2004030564 A1 WO 2004030564A1 US 0330672 W US0330672 W US 0330672W WO 2004030564 A1 WO2004030564 A1 WO 2004030564A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nitride
- layer
- recited
- coating
- component
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
- A61C7/12—Brackets; Arch wires; Combinations thereof; Accessories therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C14/027—Graded interfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
- C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
- A61C7/12—Brackets; Arch wires; Combinations thereof; Accessories therefor
- A61C7/14—Brackets; Fixing brackets to teeth
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
- A61C7/12—Brackets; Arch wires; Combinations thereof; Accessories therefor
- A61C7/20—Arch wires
Definitions
- the present invention pertains generally to coated dental braces and methods for coating dental braces. More particularly, the present invention pertains to dental braces that are coated with a hard, wear resistant coating. The present invention is particularly, but not exclusively, useful for brackets and arch wires for dental braces having a metal Nitride coating.
- Components of a dental brace typically include a plurality of brackets and an arch wire.
- a bracket is bonded to each tooth on one or both jaws of the patient.
- the arch wire is then positioned in a slot of the bracket and tightened to selectively move the patient's teeth into their correct positions.
- the interaction between the arch wire and the bracket is sometimes referred to as "sliding mechanics.”
- the arch wire is tightened periodically (e.g. once every three to four weeks) to slowly move the teeth into their correct positions.
- brackets have been generally made of stainless steel. More recently, to avoid the Nickel and Chromium in stainless steel, brackets have been made of a Titanium alloy that is, however, relatively soft and susceptible to wear and galling at the contact surfaces. Accordingly, it would be desirable for the contact surfaces between the brackets and arch wire to have a low coefficient of friction that is maintained over the course of the correction procedure.
- arch wires are typically made of either a stainless steel alloy containing Chromium and Nickel or a Titanium- Nickel alloy. These materials, especially Chromium and Nickel, are generally considered to be toxins, and may be carcinogenic, to which patient exposure should be avoided.
- corrosion can result in the release of potentially toxic materials if the materials used to prepare the braces and arch wires are not corrosion resistant. Corrosion can also affect the aesthetics of the braces which is an important factor in the design of dental braces.
- an object of the present invention to provide components for dental braces that are coated with a material that is hard, wear resistant, corrosion resistant, and has a low coefficient of friction. It is another object of the present invention to provide methods for coating components for dental braces with a hard, wear resistant, low-friction coating. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a coating for dental brace components that is aesthetically pleasing and that encapsulates the component substrate material to prevent patient exposure to toxins and allergens in the substrate material.
- the present invention is directed to coated dental braces and methods for coating dental braces.
- Components of a dental brace including arch wires and brackets are coated with a coating material that is hard, wear resistant and has a relatively low coefficient of friction.
- the substrate material i.e. the underlying material that the uncoated arch wires and brackets are made of
- the coating prevents the release of substrate material into the patient's mouth that would otherwise occur in the absence of the coating due to wear, galling or corrosion.
- the coating includes a first layer of a metal which is preferably Titanium, Zirconium or Hafnium.
- the first layer overlays and contacts a portion or all of the dental brace component and preferably overlays portions of the component that will be visible when the dental brace is worn.
- the first layer overlays the portion of each component that contacts and interacts (i.e. wear surfaces) with other components.
- the entire arch wire is coated and all portions of each bracket are coated except the surface of the bracket that is to be bonded to a tooth (hereinafter referred to as the bonding face).
- the coating further includes a second layer that overlays and contacts the first layer.
- the second layer is preferably a Nitride of the metal used in the first layer.
- the second layer is preferably Titanium Nitride (TiN).
- the second layer is preferably Zirconium Nitride (ZrN)
- the second layer is preferably Hafnium Nitride (HfN).
- the coating further includes a third layer that overlays and contacts the second layer.
- the third layer is the top layer, constituting the material that is exposed and visible when the braces are worn.
- the third layer is preferably a Nitride of the metal used in the first layer and has approximately two metal atoms for every Nitrogen atom.
- the third layer is preferably a so-called di-Titanium Nitride (Ti x N) wherein the Nitrogen level has been reduced to obtain a bright, lustrous, silver look.
- the third layer is preferably a so-called di-Zirconium Nitride (Zr x N).
- the third layer is preferably a so-called di-Hafnium Nitride (Hf x N).
- the coating is preferably applied using a physical vapor deposition source such as a cathodic arc source with a controlled gas atmosphere.
- a physical vapor deposition source such as a cathodic arc source with a controlled gas atmosphere.
- Other operable techniques such as magnetron sputtering may also be used.
- the brackets and arch wires are held in fixtures and the fixtures are rotated in a planetary movement about a central axis.
- the brackets are held in a fixture that includes a plate that is formed with a plurality of relatively shallow slots. Each slot extends around the plate in a closed loop. A plurality of brackets are placed somewhat loosely in each slot with the bonding face of each bracket oriented face-down in the slot.
- brackets protrudes from the slot, thus exposing bracket surfaces other than the bonding surface to the vapor in the chamber. Accordingly, these exposed surfaces are coated while the bonding face remains uncoated. Because each slot is formed in a closed loop, brackets are prevented from 'walking' off the plate in spite of the fact that the brackets are subject to rotational movement and minor vibrations.
- the slotted plate separates the brackets and prevents the brackets from movement (i.e. tipping) into non-desirable orientations during coating.
- the arch wires are held in a fixture that includes a pair of wire screens with each screen creating a plurality of apertures.
- the screens are aligned parallel to each other and spaced apart to allow the arch wires to hang from screen to screen. More specifically, a first end of each arch wire is inserted into a respective aperture of the first screen and the second end of each arch wire in inserted into a respective aperture of the second screen.
- This cooperation of structure allows a plurality of arch wires to be uniformly spaced from each other in the deposition chamber. Further, the screens function as an ionization diffuser as the arch wires are being coated.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the mouth of a patient wearing dental braces
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged, perspective view of a coated bracket for dental braces
- Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the coated bracket shown in Fig. 2 as seen along line 3-3 in Fig. 2 showing the coating layers;
- Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a fixture for supporting the brackets during the coating process
- Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view as seen along line 5-5 in Fig. 4 showing a bracket positioned in a slot of the fixture;
- Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a fixture for supporting arch wires during the coating process
- Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view and control diagram of a deposition apparatus for use in the invention
- Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a detail of the deposition apparatus of Fig. 7;
- Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a preferred cathodic arc source, taken along lines 9-9 of Fig. 8.
- dental braces are shown positioned on the teeth of a patient's upper jaw and generally designated 10.
- the dental braces 10 include a plurality of brackets 12 and an arch wire 14.
- a bracket 12 is bonded to each tooth 16 on the patient's upper jaw and a ligating module (e.g. a rubber band) is used to attach the arch wire 14 to a respective bracket 12.
- the ends of the arch wire 14 can then be attached to buccal tubes (not shown) that are mounted on the patient's molars.
- the buccal tubes allow the arch wire 14 to be tightened by the orthodontist to selectively move the patient's teeth into their correct positions.
- the bracket 12 includes a base 18 having a bonding face 20 that is bonded to the tooth 16. In some cases, a mesh (not shown) is interposed between the tooth 16 and the bonding face 20 to facilitate removal of the bracket 12 at the conclusion of the corrective procedure. As further shown in Fig. 2, the bracket 12 includes contact surfaces 22 which will be in sliding contact with the arch wire 14 during use (See Fig. 1). Also shown, four projections 24a-d extend from the base 18 allowing a ligating module to be wrapped around the projections 24a-d to secure the arch wire 14 to the bracket 12.
- a coating 26 is shown applied to a substrate 27 that can be either the bracket 12 or the arch wire 14.
- the substrate 27 is typically made of a corrosion resistant material such as a Titanium alloy or stainless steel.
- the substrate is typically made of stainless steel or a shape memory alloy such as a Nickel-Titanium alloy.
- the coating 26 includes a first layer 28 of a metal which is preferably Titanium, Zirconium or Hafnium. The use of a metal for the first layer 28 ensures that the coating 26 adheres strongly to the substrate 27.
- the coating 26 preferably overlays and contacts portions of the bracket 12 that will be in sliding contact with the arch wire 14 (i.e.
- the coating 26 preferably overlays and contacts the entire arch wire 14.
- the coating 26 further includes a second layer 30 that overlays and contacts the first layer 28.
- the second layer 30 is preferably a Nitride of the metal used in the first layer 28 having approximately one metal atom for each Nitrogen atom (i.e. a mono- metal Nitride).
- the second layer 30 is preferably Titanium Nitride (TiN).
- the second layer 30 is preferably Zirconium Nitride (ZrN) and for a coating having Hafnium as the first layer 28, the second layer 30 is preferably Hafnium Nitride (HfN).
- ZrN Zirconium Nitride
- HfN Hafnium Nitride
- the coating 26 further includes a third layer 32 that overlays and contacts the second layer 30.
- the third layer 32 is the top layer, constituting the material that is exposed and visible when the dental braces 10 are worn.
- the third layer 32 is preferably a Nitride of the metal used in the first layer 28 and has approximately two metal atoms for every Nitrogen atom (i.e. a di-metal Nitride).
- the third layer 32 is preferably di-Titanium Nitride (Ti x N).
- the third layer 32 is preferably di-Zirconium Nitride (Zr x N).
- the third layer 32 is preferably di-Hafnium Nitride (Hf x N).
- a fixture 34 is shown for holding the brackets 12 during coating.
- the fixture 34 is formed as a circularly shaped plate that is formed with a plurality of relatively shallow slots 36a-c with each slot 36a-c extending on the plate in a closed loop.
- brackets 12 are placed somewhat loosely in each slot 36 with the bonding face 20 of each bracket 12 oriented face-down in the slot 36.
- portions of the bracket 12 protrude from the slot 36 leaving these portions exposed to receive coating 26.
- brackets 12 With the slot 36 formed as a closed loop, brackets 12 are prevented from 'walking' off the plate in spite of the fact that the brackets 12 are subject to rotational movement (see description below) and minor vibrations during coating. Also, the slots 36 separate the brackets 12 and prevent the brackets 12 from movement (i.e. tipping) into non-desirable orientations during coating.
- a fixture 40 for holding a plurality of arch wires during coating, for which two exemplary arch wires 14a and 14b have been shown for clarity.
- the fixture 40 includes a pair of wire screens 42, 44 that are mounted on a base 46.
- Wire screen 42 is formed with a plurality of apertures, for which exemplary apertures 48a and 48b have been labeled.
- wire screen 44 is formed with a plurality of apertures, for which exemplary apertures 49a and 49b have been labeled.
- the screens 42, 44 extend from the base 46 and are aligned substantially parallel to each other. The screens 42, 44 are spaced apart to allow the arch wires 14a, 14b to drape from screen 42 to screen 44.
- one end of arch wire 14a is inserted into aperture 48a of screen 42 and the second end is inserted into aperture 49a of screen 44.
- one end of arch wire 14b is inserted into aperture 48b and the second end is inserted into aperture 49b.
- This cooperation of structure allows a plurality of arch wires 14 to be uniformly spaced from each other during coating.
- the exemplary screens 42, 44 shown are sized to hold about sixteen arch wires 14, it is to be appreciated that larger screens having more apertures could be used to hold arch wires 14 during coating.
- Figs. 7 and 8 depict a preferred deposition apparatus 50 for coating the brackets 12 and arch wires 14 (not shown), although other operable deposition apparatus may be used.
- the deposition apparatus 50 includes a chamber 52 having a body 54 and a door 56 that may be opened for access to the interior of the chamber 52 and which is hermetically sealed to the body 54 when the chamber 52 is in operation.
- the interior of the chamber 52 is controllably evacuated by a vacuum pump 58 pumping through a gate valve 60.
- the vacuum pump 58 includes a mechanical pump and a diffusion pump operating together in the usual manner.
- the interior of the chamber 52 may be controllably backfilled to a partial pressure of a selected gas from a gas source 62 through a backfill valve 64.
- the gas source 62 typically includes several separately operable gas sources.
- the gas source 62 usually includes a source 62a of an inert gas such as argon and a source 62b of Nitrogen gas, each providing gas selectively and independently through a respective selector valve 65a or 65b. Other types of gas can also be provided as desired.
- the pressure within the chamber 52 is monitored by a vacuum gage 66, whose output signal is provided to a pressure controller 68.
- the pressure controller 68 controls the settings of the gate valve 60 and the backfill valve 64 (and, optionally, the selector valves 65), achieving a balance of pumping and backfill gas flow that produces a desired pressure in the chamber 52 and thence pressure reading in the vacuum gage 66.
- the gaseous backfilled atmosphere within the chamber 52 is preferably a flowing or dynamic atmosphere.
- linear deposition sources 70 are mounted within the interior of the chamber 52 in a circumferentially spaced-apart manner.
- the four deposition sources are identified as distinct sources 70a, 70b, 70c, and 70d, as they will be addressed individually in the subsequent discussion.
- the four deposition sources 70 are generally rectangular bodies having a greatest rectilinear dimension elongated parallel to a source axis 72. This type of deposition source is distinct from either a stationary point source or a point source that moves along the length of the substrate 27 during deposition procedures.
- a substrate support 74 is positioned in the chamber 52.
- the substrate support 74 produces a compound rotational movement of a fixture 34 (or fixture 40 if arch wires 14 are being coated) mounted thereon.
- the preferred substrate support 74 includes a rotational carriage 76 that rotates about an axis 78, driven by a rotational drive motor 80 below the rotational carriage 76.
- Mounted on the rotational carriage 76 are at least one and preferably six, as shown, planetary carriages 82.
- the planetary carriages 82 are rotationally driven about a rotational axis 84 by a planetary drive motor 86 below the planetary carriages 82.
- the speeds of the rotational drive motor 80 and the planetary drive motor 86 are controlled by a rotation controller 88.
- the rotation controller 88 preferably rotates the rotational carriage 76 at a rate of about 1 revolution per minute (rpm).
- a plurality of fixtures 34 as described above can be stacked and mounted on the planetary carriage 82, as shown.
- six to ten fixtures 34 having approximately 200 - 500 brackets 12 per fixture 34 are typically mounted on each planetary carriage 82 in the manner described, as illustrated for one of the planetary carriages 82 in Fig. 7.
- one or more fixtures 40 as described above can be mounted on the planetary carriage 82.
- a fixture 40 having approximately 100 - 350 arch wires 14 is typically mounted on each planetary carriage 82.
- the temperature in the chamber 52 during deposition is controlled using a heater 92 that extends parallel to the deposition sources 70 on one side of the interior of the chamber 52.
- the heater 92 is preferably a radiant heater operating with electrical resistance elements.
- the temperature of the heating array is monitored by a temperature sensor 94 such as an infrared sensor that views the interior of the chamber 52.
- the temperature measured by the sensor 94 is provided to a temperature control circuit 96 that provides the power output to the heater 92. Acting in this feedback manner, the temperature controller 96 allows the temperature of the heating array to be set. In the preferred processing, the heating array is heated to a temperature of from about 1000°F to about 1700°F.
- Fig. 9 illustrates a cathodic arc source 100 used in the preferred form of the deposition source 70.
- the cathodic arc source 100 includes a channel- shaped body 102 and a deposition target 104.
- the deposition target 104 is in the form of a plate that is hermetically sealed to the body 102 using an 0-ring 106, forming a water-tight and gas-tight hollow interior 108.
- the interior 108 is cooled with cooling water flowing through a water inlet 110 and a water outlet 112.
- Two spirally shaped (only sections of the spirals are seen in Fig. 9) permanent magnets 114 extend parallel to the source axis 72.
- a striker electrode 118 Positioned above the deposition target 104 exterior to the body 102 is a striker electrode 118.
- a voltage V A RC is applied between the striker electrode 118 and the deposition target 104 by an arc source power supply 120.
- V A RC is preferably from about 10
- the metallic material that initially forms the deposition target 104 is deposited onto the substrate, in this case an arch wire 14, together with, if desired, gas atoms producing gaseous species from the atmosphere of the chamber 52.
- the deposition target 104 is made of Zirconium (Zr) or Titanium (Ti) or Hafnium (Hf).
- an arc is struck between the striker electrode 118 and the deposition target 104, locally heating the deposition target 104 and causing Zirconium, Hafnium or Titanium atoms and/or ions to be ejected from the deposition target 104.
- the deposition target 104 is therefore gradually thinned as the deposition proceeds.
- the striking point of the arc on the deposition target 104 moves in a racetrack course along the length of the deposition target 104.
- a negative bias voltage VBIAS is applied between the deposition target 104 and substrate 27 (i.e. the bracket 12 or arch wire 14) by a bias power supply 122, so that any positively charged ions are accelerated toward the substrate 27.
- VBIAS is preferably from about -30 to about -600 volts.
- the value selected for VBIAS determines the energy of ionic impact against the surface of the substrates, a phenomenon termed ion peening.
- VBIAS is initially selected to be a relatively large negative voltage to achieve good adherence of the metallic first layer 28 (see Fig. 3) to the bracket 12 or arch wire 14.
- VBIAS is subsequently reduced (made less negative) when overlying hard layers are deposited, to achieve a uniform, fine microstructure in the layers.
- the values of VBIAS are desirably maintained as low as possible, consistent with obtaining an adherent coating 26.
- VBIAS is more positive than -600 volts, and most preferably more positive than -400 volts.
- VBIAS is too negative, corona effects and backsputtering may occur at some regions of the bracket 12 or arch wire 14. Thus, while higher VBIAS voltages may be used in some instances, generally it is preferred that VBIAS be more positive than -600 volts.
- the cathodic arc source 100 is preferred, but other types of sources, such as sputtering sources, may also be used.
- the thickness of the coating 26 is preferably from about 1 to about 10 micrometers.
- the thickness of the coating 26 is preferably from about 0.25 - 5 micrometers. If the coating thickness is less than about 1 micrometer, the physical properties of the coating 26 are insufficient to produce the desired results. If the coating thickness is more than about 10 micrometers, the coating 26 has a high internal stress that leads to a tendency for the coating 26 to crack and spall away from the bracket 12 or arch wire 14 during deposition or during service.
- the coating 26 of Fig. 3 includes a metallic first layer 28, such as metallic Zirconium, Hafnium or Titanium, that contacts and overlays surface of the bracket 12 or arch wire 14.
- the metallic first layer 28 aids in adhering the overlying layer(s) to the surface of the substrate.
- the metallic first layer 28 is preferably quite thin, on the order of from about 100 Angstroms to about 1000 Angstroms thick.
- the metallic first layer 28 is deposited by backfilling the deposition chamber 52 with a small partial pressure of about 5 microns of an inert gas, such as flowing argon (flowing at a rate of about 200-450 standard cubic centimeters per minute (seem) in the apparatus used by the inventors), and then depositing metal, such as Zirconium, Hafnium or Titanium, from the deposition target 104 with VBIAS about -400 volts. Because the argon does not chemically react with the metal, a metallic first layer 28 is deposited. As shown in Fig. 3, a second layer 30, which is a metal Nitride having approximately one metal atom per atom of Nitrogen, overlies the metallic first layer 28.
- an inert gas such as flowing argon (flowing at a rate of about 200-450 standard cubic centimeters per minute (seem) in the apparatus used by the inventors)
- metal such as Zirconium, Hafnium or Titanium
- the second layer 30 is deposited by backfilling the deposition chamber 52 with a small partial pressure of about 5 microns of flowing Nitrogen (flowing at a rate of about 150-500 seen in the inventor's apparatus), and then depositing metal, such as Zirconium, Hafnium or Titanium, from the deposition target 104 with VBIA S about -50 volts.
- the metal combines with the Nitrogen to produce the metal Nitride in the second layer 30.
- the second layer 30 is preferably of a thickness of approximately 0.25 to 5 micrometers.
- a third layer 32 which is a metal Nitride having approximately two metal atoms per atom of Nitrogen, overlies the second layer 30.
- the third layer 32 is deposited by backfilling the deposition chamber 52 with a small partial pressure of about 5 microns of flowing Nitrogen (flowing at a rate of about 150 - 500 seen in the inventor's apparatus), and then depositing metal, such as Zirconium, Hafnium or Titanium, from the deposition target 104 with V BIAS about -50 volts.
- the metal combines with the Nitrogen to produce the metal Nitride in the third layer 32.
- the third layer 32 is preferably of a thickness of approximately 0.25 - 5 micrometers with the total thickness of the coating 26 being from about 1 to about 10 micrometers.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003272768A AU2003272768A1 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2003-09-29 | Dental braces and methods for coating |
JP2004541834A JP2006501031A (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2003-09-29 | Orthodontic appliance and covering method |
EP03754969A EP1545379A1 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2003-09-29 | Dental braces and methods for coating |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/262,583 | 2002-09-30 | ||
US10/262,583 US20040063059A1 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2002-09-30 | Dental braces and methods for coating |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004030564A1 true WO2004030564A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
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ID=32030252
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2003/030672 WO2004030564A1 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2003-09-29 | Dental braces and methods for coating |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20040063059A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1545379A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2006501031A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003272768A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004030564A1 (en) |
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DE102004048379A1 (en) * | 2004-10-01 | 2006-04-13 | "Stiftung Caesar" (Center Of Advanced European Studies And Research) | Spring element made of sputtered shape memory alloy |
KR100675096B1 (en) * | 2005-06-02 | 2007-01-30 | 최한철 | Method for Manufacturing of ZrN Coated Orthodontic Brackets and Wire |
US20070134610A1 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2007-06-14 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Orthodontic articles with zirconium oxide coatings |
KR101761085B1 (en) | 2008-08-13 | 2017-07-24 | 오름코 코포레이션 | Aesthetic Orthodontic Bracket and Method of Making Same |
AU2009238317B2 (en) | 2008-11-14 | 2011-10-06 | Ormco Corporation | Surface treated polycrystalline ceramic orthodontic bracket and method of making same |
US20100255447A1 (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-07 | University Of Arkansas | Advanced bio-compatible polymer surface coatings for implants and tissue engineering scaffolds |
US20110183281A1 (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2011-07-28 | University Of Arkansas | Ceramic surface coatings for dental applications |
KR101039638B1 (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2011-06-09 | 휴비트 주식회사 | Method for coating the surface of an orthodontic bracket |
US20110189624A1 (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2011-08-04 | Ormco Corporation | Layered orthodontic bracket and method of making same |
USD958373S1 (en) | 2017-03-22 | 2022-07-19 | World Class Technology Corporation | Ligating member for an orthodontic bracket |
US20180271623A1 (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-09-27 | World Class Technology Corporation | Self-ligating bracket having a ligating member |
USD926993S1 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2021-08-03 | World Class Technology Corporation | Ligating member for an orthodontic bracket |
CN108838052B (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2021-08-24 | 郑州人造金刚石及制品工程技术研究中心有限公司 | Orthodontic stainless steel material plated with nano carbon crystal film on surface and preparation method thereof |
EP4285863A3 (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2024-02-28 | Ivoclar Vivadent AG | Dental attachment system |
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US5380197A (en) * | 1993-03-24 | 1995-01-10 | Hanson; G. Herbert | Orthodontic arch wire sleeves for use with orthodontic arch wires and brackets |
US5816801A (en) * | 1996-10-02 | 1998-10-06 | Ormco Corporation | Insert for reinforcing an orthodontic appliance and method of making same |
US6076264A (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 2000-06-20 | Molecular Metallurgy, Inc. | Coated manicure implement |
US6196936B1 (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 2001-03-06 | Molecular Metallurgy, Inc. | Coated golf club component |
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US5203804A (en) * | 1991-07-18 | 1993-04-20 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Coated dental article |
US5456599A (en) * | 1992-03-17 | 1995-10-10 | Hamilton Ortho Inc. | Orthodontic arch wires and brackets |
US5334015A (en) * | 1992-03-26 | 1994-08-02 | Blechman Abraham M | Magnetic orthodontic appliance |
US5232361A (en) * | 1992-04-06 | 1993-08-03 | Sachdeva Rohit C L | Orthodontic bracket |
US5704787A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1998-01-06 | San Diego Swiss Machining, Inc. | Hardened ultrasonic dental surgical tips and process |
US6497772B1 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-12-24 | Molecular Metallurgy, Inc. | Surface treatment for improved hardness and corrosion resistance |
-
2002
- 2002-09-30 US US10/262,583 patent/US20040063059A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2003
- 2003-09-29 JP JP2004541834A patent/JP2006501031A/en active Pending
- 2003-09-29 AU AU2003272768A patent/AU2003272768A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-29 EP EP03754969A patent/EP1545379A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-09-29 WO PCT/US2003/030672 patent/WO2004030564A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5380197A (en) * | 1993-03-24 | 1995-01-10 | Hanson; G. Herbert | Orthodontic arch wire sleeves for use with orthodontic arch wires and brackets |
US6076264A (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 2000-06-20 | Molecular Metallurgy, Inc. | Coated manicure implement |
US6196936B1 (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 2001-03-06 | Molecular Metallurgy, Inc. | Coated golf club component |
US5816801A (en) * | 1996-10-02 | 1998-10-06 | Ormco Corporation | Insert for reinforcing an orthodontic appliance and method of making same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003272768A1 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
EP1545379A1 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
JP2006501031A (en) | 2006-01-12 |
US20040063059A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
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