WO2004018493A1 - Labelled nucleotides - Google Patents
Labelled nucleotides Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004018493A1 WO2004018493A1 PCT/GB2003/003690 GB0303690W WO2004018493A1 WO 2004018493 A1 WO2004018493 A1 WO 2004018493A1 GB 0303690 W GB0303690 W GB 0303690W WO 2004018493 A1 WO2004018493 A1 WO 2004018493A1
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- nucleotide
- nucleoside
- nucleotides
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- linker
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- 0 *C(*C(*CC=C)=O)N Chemical compound *C(*C(*CC=C)=O)N 0.000 description 2
- HTWIZMNMTWYQRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1OCCO1 Chemical compound CC1OCCO1 HTWIZMNMTWYQRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWSMNBYIEBRXAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCOC(c1cccc(O)c1)=O Chemical compound CCOC(c1cccc(O)c1)=O MWSMNBYIEBRXAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUHWYZQAUTDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCOC(c1cccc(OCC2OCCO2)c1)=O Chemical compound CCOC(c1cccc(OCC2OCCO2)c1)=O WHUHWYZQAUTDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
- C07H19/10—Pyrimidine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
- C07H19/20—Purine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6869—Methods for sequencing
Definitions
- This invention relates to labelled nucleotides.
- this invention discloses nucleotides having a removable detectable label and their use in polynucleotide sequencing methods.
- nucleic acids An example of the technologies that have improved the study of nucleic acids, is the development of fabricated arrays of immobilised nucleic acids. These arrays consist typically of a high-density matrix of polynucleotides immobilised onto a solid support material. See, e.g., Fodor et al . , Trends Biotech . 12:19-26, 1994, which describes ways of assembling the nucleic acids using a chemically sensitized glass surface protected by a mask, but exposed at defined areas to allow attachment of suitably modified nucleotide phosphoramidites . Fabricated arrays can also be manufactured by the technique of "spotting" known polynucleotides onto a solid support at predetermined positions ( e. g. , Stimpson et al . , Proc . Natl . Acad. Sci . USA 92:6379-6383, 1995).
- the method relies on the incorporation of 3 ' -blocked bases A, G, C and T, each of which has a distinct fluorescent label, into the immobilised polynucleotide, in the presence of DNA polymerase.
- the polymerase incorporates a base complementary to the target polynucleotide, but is prevented from further addition by the 3 ' -blocking group.
- the label of the incorporated base can then be determined and the blocking group removed by chemical cleavage to allow further polymerisation to occur.
- W099/57321 describes the use of nucleotides comprising fluorophores linked to the nucleotide by chemically or photochemically cleavable linker moieties .
- WO00/53812 and EP-A2-1 291 354 disclose nucleotide compounds of general structure Fluorophore- S-S-Linker-Nucleotide and their use in nucleic acid assay methods. WO00/53812 also makes reference to periodate cleavage of a cis-glycol linkage between nucleotide and fluorophore.
- X is selected from the group comprising O, S, NH and NQ wherein Q is a C ⁇ _ ⁇ 0 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, Y is selected from the group comprising 0, S, NH and N(allyl), T is hydrogen or a Ci-io substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group and * indicates where the moiety is connected to the remainder of a nucleotide or nucleoside) , said linker being present in the nucleotide or nucleoside and connecting the base thereof to a detectable label, said method comprising contacting the nucleotide or nucleoside with a water-soluble phosphine-based transition metal catalyst.
- a linker that contains a moiety selected from the groups comprising:
- X is selected from the group comprising 0, S, NH and NQ wherein Q is a C ⁇ - ⁇ 0 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, T is hydrogen or a C ⁇ -10 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group and * indicates where the moiety is connected to the remainder of a nucleotide or nucleoside
- said linker being present in the nucleotide or nucleoside and connecting the base thereof to a detectable label, said method comprising contacting the nucleotide or nucleoside with a water-soluble phosphine .
- the method according to the second and third aspects of the invention are particularly useful in sequencing reactions. Such reactions constitute a further aspect of the invention.
- the invention provides a method for determining an identity of a nucleotide in a target single-stranded polynucleotide, comprising:
- nucleotides A, G, C and T or U in which each of said nucleotides has a base that is attached to a distinct detectable label via a linker, said linker being cleavable with a water-soluble phosphine; and a nascent polynucleotide complementary to the target polynucleotide, one of said provided nucleotides being suitable for incorporation into said nascent polynucleotide;
- Fig. 1 shows exemplary nucleotide structures useful in the invention.
- X can be H, phosphate, diphosphate or triphosphate .
- Ri and R 2 can be the same or different, and can be selected from H, OH, or any group which can be transformed into an OH.
- Fig. 2 shows some functional molecules useful in the invention, which include some cleavable linkers.
- R x and R 2 may be the same or different, and can be H, OH, or any group which can be transformed into an OH group, including a carbonyl .
- R 3 represents one or more substituents independently selected from alkyl, alkoxyl, amino or halogen groups.
- cleavable linkers may be constructed from any labile functionality used on the 3' -block.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of some of the
- Fig. 4 shows two cycles of incorporation of a fully functional T nucleoside triphosphate against a poly A template
- the nucleotide or nucleoside molecules of the invention each have a base that is linked to a detectable label via linkers that may be cleaved by contact with water-soluble phosphines or water-soluble transition metal-containing catalysts described in greater detail hereinafter.
- moiety "T" is hydrogen.
- the base can be a purine, or a pyrimidine .
- the base can be a deazapurine.
- the molecule can have a ribose or deoxyribose sugar moiety.
- the ribose or deoxyribose sugar can include a protecting group attached via the 2' or 3 ' oxygen atom. The protecting group can be removed to expose a 3' -OH.
- the molecule can be a deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate .
- the detectable label can be a fluorophore.
- the invention also embraces oligonucleotides which comprise one or more nucleotides of the invention.
- oligonucleotides which comprise one or more nucleotides of the invention.
- at least one nucleotide of the invention is present at a terminal position in such aoligonucleotide .
- the linker may be attached to the 5-position in pyrimidines or the 7-position in purines or deazapurines .
- the characteristic feature of the nucleotides and nucleosides of the present invention is the amenability of the linkage to cleavage by certain water-soluble phosphines or phosphine-based transition metal catalysts. Since oligonucleotides are manipulated in aqueous solution, the advantages of this water-solubility are evident.
- the cleavable linkages present in the nucleosides and nucleotides of the invention each comprise an allyl or azido group.
- linkers comprise an azide-containing group
- linkers may contain a moiety of the formula:
- moieties may be present in either orientation in the linker connecting the base of the nucleotide/nucleoside with the detectable label, that is to say either of the bonds shown terminating in asterisks in each moiety may be closer to the base (or the label) in each nucleotide or nucleoside than the other asterisk shown in each structure.
- the invention embraces nucleotides and nucleoside having schematically the following structures (shown on the left-hand side) which may be reacted with the water- soluble phosphines (described in greater detail hereinafter) to generate the products shown on the right-hand side in which the azido-containing linker has been cleaved:
- connecting points * indicate the points at which the moieties are connected to the nucleotide or nucleoside, it will be appreciated that these points are generally the points at which the moiety is connected to the remainder of the linker.
- the moieties described herein that contain allyl or azido groups are generally part of, rather than exclusively constitute, the cleavable linker.
- linker may be present between the cleavable motif shown and the nucleotide and detectable label which the linker connects:
- azide-containing moieties are Sieber linkers, i.e. are of the fomula
- cleavage of the moiety takes place across the bond linking the central 6-membered ring of the tricycle to the amide such that a terminal amide group is left pendant to either the base or the fluorophore after cleavage.
- azide-containing Sieber linker moieties may contain one or more substituents which may be either electron-donating (examples include alkyl or alkoxy, e.g. C ⁇ -6 alkyl or C ⁇ - 6 alkoxy groups) or electron-withdrawing groups
- nucleotides comprise an azide group in the linker
- this may be converted to the primary amine group with a thiol (in place of the phosphines) , preferably a water-soluble thiol such as dithiothreitol (DTT) .
- DTT dithiothreitol
- linkers comprise an allyl group
- these may be of the formulae:
- these linking moieties may be present in either orientation in the linker connecting the base of the nucleotide/nucleoside with the detectable label.
- these linkers may be cleaved with water- soluble transition metal catalysts formed from a transition metal and at least partially water-soluble ligands. In aqueous solution these form at least partially water-soluble transition metal complexes.
- the transition metal species serves to remove the allyl group. Where the allyl group is part of carbamate, deallylation affords the corresponding carbamic acid. This spontaneously decarboxylates to afford a hemiaminal which hydrolyses so as to effect cleavage of the linker.
- Corresponding chemistries operate with the analogous thiocarbamate and carbonates so as to generate compounds containing moieties of structure *-C (NH 2 ) -X-* . These collapse by hydrolysing, again cleaving the linker.
- aqueous solution herein is meant a liquid comprising at least 20 vol%, preferably at least 50%, for example at least 75 vol%, particularly at least 95 vol% and especially greater than above 98 vol%, ideally 100 vol% of water as the continuous phase.
- the transition metal e.g. palladium
- a salt e.g. as a halide.
- Mixed salts such as Na 2 PdCl 4 may also be used.
- Other appropriate salts and compounds will be readily determined by the skilled person and are commercially available, e.g. from Aldrich Chemical Company.
- Suitable phosphines are any phosphine or mixed nitrogen-phosphine ligands known to those skilled in the art, characterised in that the ligands are derivatised so as to render them water-soluble, e.g. by introducing one or more sulfonate, amine, hydroxyl
- amine residues are present, formation of amine salts may assist the solublisation of the ligand and thus the metal -allyl complex.
- appropriate ligands are triaryl phosphines, e.g. triphenyl phosphine, derivatised so as to make them water-soluble.
- trialkyl phosphines e.g. tri-C ⁇ - 6 -alkyl phosphines such as triethyl phosphines; such trialkyl phosphines are likewise derivatised so as to make them water-soluble.
- Sulfonate-containing and carboxylate-containing phosphines are particularly preferred; an example of the former 3 , 3 ' , 3 " -phosphinidyne ris (benzenesulfonic acid) which is commercially available from Aldrich Chemical Company as the trisodium salt; and a preferred example of the latter is tris (2 - carboxyethyl) phosphine which is available from Aldrich as the hydrochloride salt.
- the derivatised water- soluble phosphines and nitrogen-containing phosphines described herein may be used as their salts (e.g.
- polydentate ligands Some such polydentate ligands are shown above. Whilst monodentate ligands are preferred, the invention thus also embraces methods which use water-soluble bi-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexadentate water-soluble phosphine and water-soluble nitrogen-containing phosphine ligands.
- the aqueous solution in which deprotection is effected need not be 100% (as the continuous phase) . However, substantially pure water (e.g. at least 98 vol% and preferably about 100 vol%) is preferred. Cosolvents are generally not required. Generally, nucleotides and nucleosides are readily soluble in water (e.g.
- water-miscible cosolvents include acetonitrile or dimethylsulfoxide, methanol, ethanol and acetone, methanol being preferred. Less preferred solvents include tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dioxane .
- a soluble metal complex comprising a transition metal and one or more water-soluble phosphine ligands (including water-soluble nitrogen-containing phosphine ligands) . More than one type of water-soluble phosphine/nitrogen-containing phosphine ligand may be used in any given reaction although generally only one type of these classes of ligand will be used in any given catalyst.
- the quantity of transition metal e.g. palladium, may be less than 1 mol% (calculated relative to the number of moles of linkage to be cleaved) .
- the methods of the present invention make use of conventional detectable labels. Detection can be carried out by any suitable method, including fluorescence spectroscopy or by other optical means.
- the preferred label is a fluorophore, which, after absorption of energy, emits radiation at a defined wavelength.
- Many suitable fluorescent labels are known. For example, Welch et al . ( Chem . Eur. J. 5 (3) : 951-960, 1999) discloses dansyl-functionalised fluorescent moieties that can be used in the present invention. Zhu et al . ( Cytometry 28:206-211, 1997) describes the use of the fluorescent labels Cy3 and Cy5, which can also be used in the present invention. Labels suitable for use are also disclosed in Prober et al .
- fluorescent labels include, but are not limited to, fluorescein, rhodamine (including TMR, Texas red and Rox) , alexa, bodipy, acridine, coumarin, pyrene, benzanthracene and the cyanins .
- microparticles including quantum dots (Empodocles, et al . , Nature 399:126-130, 1999), gold nanoparticles
- Multi-component labels can also be used in the invention.
- a multi-component label is one which is dependent on the interaction with a further compound for detection.
- the most common multi-component label used in biology is the biotin-streptavidin system. Biotin is used as the label attached to the nucleotide base. Streptavidin is then added separately to enable detection to occur.
- Other multi -component systems are available. For example, dinitrophenol has a commercially available fluorescent antibody that can be used for detection.
- nucleotides are also intended to be applicable to nucleosides.
- the invention will also be further described with reference to DNA, although the description will also be applicable to RNA, PNA, and other nucleic acids, unless otherwise indicated.
- the modified nucleotides of the invention use a cleavable linker to attach the label to the nucleotide.
- a cleavable linker ensures that the label can, if required, be removed after detection, avoiding any interfering signal with any labelled nucleotide incorporated subsequently.
- Suitable linkers comprise the azide- and allyl- containing moieties discussed earlier. However, in addition to these cleavable moieties, other cleavable motifs may of course also be present in the linkers. Referring to Fig.2, examples of these include, but are not limited to, disulfide linkers (1) , acid labile moieties (2, 3, 4 and 5; including dialkoxybenzyl moieties ( e . g. , 2), Sieber linkers ( e . g. , 3), indole moieties ( e . g. , 4), t-butyl Sieber moieties ( e . g. ,
- the phenyl ring may be substituted at its non-bonded position with one or more substituents such as alkyl, hydroxyl, alkyloxy, halide, nitro, carboxyl or cyano and the like, particularly electron- withdrawing groups, which electron-withdrawing is either by induction or resonance.
- substituents such as alkyl, hydroxyl, alkyloxy, halide, nitro, carboxyl or cyano and the like, particularly electron- withdrawing groups, which electron-withdrawing is either by induction or resonance.
- An example of an electron-withdrawing group by resonance is nitro; a group which acts through induction is fluoro.
- the skilled person will be aware of other appropriate electron-withdrawing groups.
- the linkage in the R' group may also include moieties such a -0-, -S(0) q , wherein q is 0, 1 or 2 or NH or Nalkyl .
- modified nucleotides can also comprise additional groups or modifications to the sugar group.
- Z is of the formula -C (R' ) 2 -0-R" , -C (R' ) 2 -N (R" ) 2 , and - C(R') 2 -SR".
- R" may be a benzyl group or a substituted benzyl group .
- groups of structure -O-Z wherein Z is -C(R' ) 2 -N(R") 2 are those in which -N(R") 2 is azido
- R' in Z groups of formula -C(R') 2 -N 3 and other Z groups may be any of the other groups discussed herein.
- typical R' groups include C ⁇ - 6 alkyl, particularly methyl and ethyl, and the following (in which each structure shows the bond which connects the R' moiety to the carbon atom to which it is attached in the Z groups; the asterisks (*) indicate the points of attachment) :
- each R is an optionally substituted C ⁇ _ ⁇ 0 alkyl group, an optionally substituted alkoxy group, a halogen atom or functional group such as hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, carboxyl and the like
- Het is a heterocyclic (which may for example be a heteroaryl group) .
- R' groups shown above are preferred where the other R' group is the same as the first or is hydrogen.
- Preferred Z groups are of formula C(R') 2 N 3 in which the R' groups are selected from the structures given above and hydrogen; or in which (R') 2 represents an alkylidene group of formula
- the azido group may be converted to amino by contacting such molecules with the phosphine or nitrogen-containing phosphines ligands described in detail in connection with the transition metal complexes which serve to cleave the allyl groups from compounds of formula PN-O-allyl, formula R-O-allyl,
- the azido group in Z groups of formula C(R')2N 3 may be converted to amino by contacting such molecules with the thiols, in particular water-soluble thiols such as dithiothreitol (DTT) .
- DTT dithiothreitol
- the labile linker may, and preferably does, consist of functionality cleavable under identical conditions to the block. This makes the deprotection process more efficient since only a single treatment will be required to cleave both the label and the block.
- the linkage contains an allyl moiety as discussed and claimed herein and the blocking group is an allyl group
- both linkage and blocking group will be cleavable under identical conditions.
- the linkage contains an azido moiety as discussed and claimed herein and the blocking group comprises an azido moiety, e.g. is of formula Z wherein R" is N 3 as discussed hereinbefore, both linkage and blocking group will be cleavable under identical conditions.
- alkyl covers both straight chain and branched chain alkyl groups. Unless the context indicates otherwise, the term “alkyl” refers to groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, for example 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and typically from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- cycloalkyl groups are those having from 3 to 10 ring atoms, particular examples including those derived from cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane and cycloheptane, bicycloheptane and decalin.
- alkyl (including cycloalkyl) groups are substituted, particularly where these form either both of the R' groups of the molecules of the invention
- substituents include halogen substituents or functional groups such as hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, carboxyl and the like. Such groups may also be substituents, where appropriate, of the other R' groups in the molecules of the invention.
- alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl (vinyl), 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl (allyl), isopropenyl, butenyl, buta-1, 4-dienyl , pentenyl , and hexenyl .
- halogen as used herein includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- nucleotide molecules of the present invention are suitable for use in many different methods where the detection of nucleotides is required.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,509 can be carried out using the nucleotide .
- the blocked and labelled modified nucleotide constructs of the nucleotide bases A, T, C and G are recognised as substrates by the same polymerase enzyme .
- each of the nucleotides can be brought into contact with the target sequentially, with removal of non-incorporated nucleotides prior to addition of the next nucleotide, where detection and removal of the label and the blocking group, if present is carried out either after addition of each nucleotide, or after addition of all four nucleotides.
- all of the nucleotides can be brought into contact with the target simultaneously, i.e., a composition comprising all of the different nucleotides is brought into contact with the target, and non- incorporated nucleotides are removed prior to detection and subsequent to removal of the label and the blocking group, if present.
- the four nucleotides may be brought into contact with the target sequentially, optionally with removal of non- incorporated nucleotides prior to addition of the next nucleotide. Determination of the success of the incorporation may be carried out either after provision of each nucleotide, or after the addition of all of the nucleotides added. If it is determined after addition of fewer than four nucleotides that one has been incorporated, it is not necessary to provide further nucleotides in order to detect the nucleotides complementary to the incorporated nucleotide.
- all of the nucleotides can be brought into contact with the target simultaneously, i.e., a composition comprising all of the different nucleotide (i.e. A, T, C and G or A, U, C and G) is brought into contact with the target, and non- incorporated nucleotides removed prior to detection and removal of the label (s) .
- the 'methods involving sequential addition of nucleotides may comprise a first substep and optionally one or more subsequent substeps. In the first substep a composition comprising one, two or three of the four possible nucleotides is provided, i.e. brought into contact with, the target.
- first substep above does not lead to incorporation of a nucleotide, or if this is not known, since the presence of incorporated nucleotides is not sought immediately after the first substep, one or more subsequent substeps may be conducted in which some or all of those nucleotides not provided in the first substep are provided either, as appropriate, simultaneously or subsequently. Thereafter any unincorporated nucleotides may be removed and a detecting step conducted to determine whether one of the classes of nucleotide has been incorporated. If one has been incorporated, cleavage of the linker may be effected, and if necessary as an additional step or steps, terminal amide functionality introduced to the pendant arm.
- a nucleotide in the target polynucleotide may be determined.
- the nascent polynucleotide may then be extended to determine the identity of the next unpaired nucleotide in the target oligonucleotide.
- a third and optionally a fourth substep may be effected in a similar manner to the second substep. Obviously, once four substeps have been effected, all four possible nucleotides will have been provided and one will have been incorporated.
- the method for sequencing comprises one or more substeps, to remove any unincorporated nucleotides before further nucleotide are provided. Again, this is not a required feature of the invention. Obviously, it is necessary that at least some and preferably as many as practicable of the unincorporated nucleotides are removed prior to the detection of the incorporated nucleotide .
- a method for determining the sequence of a target polynucleotide can be carried out by contacting the target polynucleotide separately with the different nucleotides to form the complement to that of the target polynucleotide, and detecting the incorporation of the nucleotides.
- Such a method makes use of polymerisation, whereby a polymerase enzyme extends the complementary strand by incorporating the correct nucleotide complementary to that on the target.
- the polymerisation reaction also requires a specific primer to initiate polymerisation.
- the incorporation of the modified nucleotide is carried out by the polymerase enzyme, and the incorporation event is then determined.
- polymerase enzymes include DNA polymerase I, the Klenow fragment, DNA polymerase III, T4 or T7 DNA polymerase, Taq polymerase or Vent polymerase.
- Polymerases engineered to have specific properties can also be used.
- the molecule is incorporated by a polymerase and particularly from Thermococcus sp . , such as 9°N.
- Sanger sequencing methods and related protocols (Sanger-type) , which rely upon randomised chain-termination at a particular type of nucleotide.
- An example of a Sanger-type sequencing protocol is the BASS method described by Metzker ( infra) .
- Other Sanger-type sequencing methods will be known to those skilled in the art.
- Sanger and Sanger-type methods generally operate by the conducting of an experiment in which eight types of nucleotides are provided, four of which contain a 3 'OH group; and four of which omit the OH group and which are labeled differently from each other. The nucleotides used which omit the 3 ' OH group
- nucleotides of the present invention in which the 3'OH group is either absent or blocked may be of utility in Sanger methods and related protocols since the same effect achieved by using ddNTPs may be achieved by using 3 ' -OH blocking groups: both prevent incorporation of subsequent nucleotides.
- the use of the nucleotides according to the present invention in Sanger and Sanger-type sequencing methods form a still further aspect of this invention. Viewed from this aspect, the invention provides the use of such nucleotides in a Sanger or a Sanger-type sequencing method.
- the sequencing methods are preferably carried out with the target polynucleotide arrayed on a solid support.
- Multiple target polynucleotides can be immobilised on the solid support through linker molecules, or can be attached to particles, e . g. , microspheres, which can also be attached to a solid support material .
- polynucleotides can be attached to the solid support by a number of means, including the use of biotin-avidin interactions.
- Methods for immobilizing polynucleotides on a solid support are well known in the art, and include lithographic techniques and
- Suitable solid supports are known in the art, and include glass slides and beads, ceramic and silicon surfaces and plastic materials.
- the support is usually a flat surface although microscopic beads (microspheres) can also be used and can in turn be attached to another solid support by known means .
- the microspheres can be of any suitable size, typically in the range of from 10 nm to 100 nm in diameter.
- the polynucleotides are attached directly onto a planar surface, preferably a planar glass surface. Attachment will preferably be by means of a covalent linkage.
- the arrays that are used are single molecule arrays that comprise polynucleotides in distinct optically resolvable areas, e . g. , as disclosed in International App . No. WO 00/06770.
- the sequencing method can be carried out on both single polynucleotide molecule and multi- polynucleotide molecule arrays, i.e., arrays of distinct individual polynucleotide molecules and arrays of distinct regions comprising multiple copies of one individual polynucleotide molecule.
- Single molecule arrays allow each individual polynucleotide to be resolved separately. The use of single molecule arrays is preferred. Sequencing single molecule arrays non-destructively allows a spatially addressable array to be formed. The method makes use of the polymerisation reaction to generate the complementary sequence of the target. Conditions compatible with polymerization reactions will be apparent to the skilled person.
- the modified nucleotides of the invention are then brought into contact with the target polynucleotide, to allow polymerisation to occur.
- the nucleotides may be added sequentially, i.e., separate addition of each nucleotide type (A, T, G or C) , or added together. If they are added together, it is preferable for each nucleotide type to be labelled with a different label.
- TEAB triethylammonium bicarbonate
- the reaction was quenched by pouring it into ice-cold water (50 ml) .
- the mixture was extracted with DCM (2 x 50 ml) and the DCM extracts were discarded.
- the aqueous layer was then acidified to pH 2 with 1 N HCl, and extracted with DCM (2 x 50 ml) .
- These DCM extracts were combined, dried over MgS0 4 and evaporated under reduced pressure.
- the residue was purified by column chromatography (1 x 20 cm) .
- the title compound, eluted with 2% methanol in DCM, was obtained as an oil (0.223 g, 31.6%).
- DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (23)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18195197.1A EP3438116B1 (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2003-08-22 | Labelled nucleotides |
EP03792520A EP1560838B1 (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2003-08-22 | Labelled nucleotides |
GB0405882A GB2395953A (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2003-08-22 | Labelled nucleotides |
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PT2119722T (en) | 2016-12-12 |
PT3438116T (en) | 2021-03-23 |
EP3848380A1 (en) | 2021-07-14 |
ES2326077T3 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
DK1560838T3 (en) | 2009-09-07 |
EP3147292A1 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
DK2119722T3 (en) | 2016-12-12 |
AU2003259352A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
DE60327649D1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
HUE055068T2 (en) | 2021-10-28 |
CY1118471T1 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
CY1120882T1 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
EP2119722B1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
DK3147292T3 (en) | 2018-12-03 |
CY1123971T1 (en) | 2022-05-27 |
SI3438116T1 (en) | 2021-07-30 |
ES2604951T3 (en) | 2017-03-10 |
PT3147292T (en) | 2018-11-22 |
ATE431354T1 (en) | 2009-05-15 |
EP3438116B1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
EP3147292B1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
ES2864086T3 (en) | 2021-10-13 |
DK3438116T3 (en) | 2021-03-22 |
GB0405882D0 (en) | 2004-04-21 |
GB2395953A (en) | 2004-06-09 |
EP1560838A1 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
SI3147292T1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
EP3438116A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
SI2119722T1 (en) | 2017-03-31 |
EP2119722A1 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
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EP1560838B1 (en) | 2009-05-13 |
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