WO2004018246A1 - Motor vehicle with a hybrid drive and operational method therefor - Google Patents

Motor vehicle with a hybrid drive and operational method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004018246A1
WO2004018246A1 PCT/DE2003/000589 DE0300589W WO2004018246A1 WO 2004018246 A1 WO2004018246 A1 WO 2004018246A1 DE 0300589 W DE0300589 W DE 0300589W WO 2004018246 A1 WO2004018246 A1 WO 2004018246A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
electric machine
crankshaft
speed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2003/000589
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thorsten Juenemann
Volkmar Foelsche
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2004018246A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004018246A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/441—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0638—Engine speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0638—Engine speed
    • B60W2510/0652—Speed change rate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0616—Position of fuel or air injector
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0644—Engine speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0644—Engine speed
    • B60W2710/0661—Speed change rate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/042—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for stopping the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/02—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the engine
    • F02N2200/022—Engine speed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle with a hybrid drive with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating a motor vehicle with a hybrid drive with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 4.
  • Motor vehicles with hybrid drive are motor vehicles that, in addition to a conventional internal combustion engine, have one or possibly several associated electrical machines that can be coupled or permanently connected to the drive train of the motor vehicle (ISG) and can work both in generator operation and in motor operation , While they are driven by the internal combustion engine in generator operation and generate electrical current to supply consumers of the motor vehicle, they operate in engine operation Electricity is supplied from the vehicle battery in order to convert it into drive energy for the motor vehicle.
  • Electricity is supplied from the vehicle battery in order to convert it into drive energy for the motor vehicle.
  • the vehicle battery as a power store, there is usually also a flywheel or another store for kinetic energy, with which, for example, kinetic energy released during braking can be stored and released to the consumer of the motor vehicle via the electric machine or later to its drive train.
  • Most motor vehicles with hybrid drive can be operated in the so-called start / stop mode, in which the internal combustion engine is switched off after a predetermined period of time by interrupting the fuel supply each time the motor vehicle comes to a standstill, as disclosed, for example, in DE 101 32 655 AI.
  • start / stop mode in which the internal combustion engine is switched off after a predetermined period of time by interrupting the fuel supply each time the motor vehicle comes to a standstill, as disclosed, for example, in DE 101 32 655 AI.
  • the electric machine is first driven by supplying power from the vehicle battery or by the flywheel before the internal combustion engine is re-ignited after the idling speed has been reached.
  • This start / stop operation not only has economic advantages, but is also advantageous from an environmental point of view.
  • the motor vehicle according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 1 and the method according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 4 offer the advantage that the internal combustion engine can be switched off very quietly and comfortably, and thereby for the acceptance of start / stop systems in motor vehicles with hybrid drive very beneficial significant increase in comfort is possible.
  • the speed of the internal combustion engine is controlled with the aid of the electric machine in such a way that it is number decreases steadily to zero when the fuel supply is interrupted.
  • a steady decrease means that the course of the speed curve of the internal combustion engine between the speed when the fuel supply is interrupted and its standstill has no temporary increase in speed and the negative slope of the speed curve is preferably not subject to strong changes.
  • the electric machine can be used to apply a torque opposite to the ' inertia-related torque of the internal combustion engine ' on the output shaft of the internal combustion engine.
  • the amount of this opposite torque is increased when the gradient is, the nega- tive slope of the speed curve of the engine after the interruption of the fuel supply is temporarily small, 'approaches zero or accepts even positive values, before the engine has come to a standstill.
  • This torque which is opposite to the inertia-related torque of the internal combustion engine, leads very quickly to a standstill of the internal combustion engine.
  • An interim flattening or an interim ⁇ increase in the speed curve of the The internal combustion engine can result from a temporary drop in the braking torque if, for example, immediately after passing through the top dead center of a cylinder, the braking force generated by the compressed air in the cylinder and counteracting the inertia-related torque of the internal combustion engine decreases.
  • the slope of the speed curve of the engine can be calculated from the instantaneous speed of the "internal combustion engine, a preferred embodiment of the invention is measured continuously even after the interruption of the fuel supply to the internal combustion engine according, has come to a standstill until the internal combustion engine.
  • the measured current speed or the slope of the speed drop calculated therefrom or another of the current speed of the combustion Motor-dependent variable is then used as a control variable for controlling the electric machine.
  • the speed curve of the internal combustion engine for various boundary conditions when the internal combustion engine is switched off, such as, for example, speed, engine temperature, clutch condition etc. depending on the angle of rotation of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine to be calculated by simulation or to be determined on a test vehicle.
  • the determined discontinuities can then be stored, for example, in the form of a map from which an anticipated course of the speed curve of the internal combustion engine can be determined taking into account the respective boundary conditions for different rotation angle ranges of the output shaft. Where this curve shows discontinuities, the electric machine is then controlled so that the discontinuities are compensated and the curve is smoothed.
  • a correspondingly controlled torque curve of the electric motor between the discontinuities' of the torque curve of the engine can last for a linear, or alternatively an increasing or decreasing waste be set to a standstill.
  • the electric machine is preferably switched off as soon as the internal combustion engine is at a standstill.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine
  • Fig. 2 is a graph of speed curves of the
  • Combustion engine of the hybrid drive after interrupting the fuel supply with and without switching on the electric machine.
  • the hybrid drive of a motor vehicle shown in Fig. 1 comprises in a known manner an internal combustion engine 10, the crankshaft 12 via two gear wheels 14, 16 and a clutch 18 can be coupled to the output shaft 20 of an electric machine 22 of the motor vehicle, which, inter alia, as a starter-generator for the Internal combustion engine 10 serves ' and as in the case of a crankshaft starter generator, could possibly also be rigidly connected to the internal combustion engine 10 without an intermediate clutch.
  • the electric machine 22 is connected via a control unit 24 to a battery 26 of the motor vehicle.
  • the crankshaft 12 of the internal combustion engine 10 carries a speed or angle encoder wheel 28, the circumference of which moves past an angle sensor 30 when the engine 10 is running and induces voltage signals there. From the angle sensor 30, the voltage signals are fed to a motor controller 32 of the motor 10.
  • the motor controller 32 comprises an evaluation circuit and a computer (not shown) with which the instantaneous speed of the internal combustion engine 10 can be determined on the basis of the voltage signals supplied.
  • the engine control 32 further comprises a memory (not shown) in which the current speed values are briefly stored in order to call them up when required, for example in order to calculate an averaged engine speed in a known manner via an angle of rotation of the crankshaft 12 of, for example, 120 degrees , which is used in operation to control an injection pump 34 of the internal combustion engine 10.
  • a common control can also be provided.
  • curve I shows the speed curve after the internal combustion engine 10 has been switched off by interrupting the fuel supply when the electric machine 22 is switched off.
  • This speed curve between the idling speed L and the speed zero when the engine is at a standstill S corresponds to the speed curve when conventional internal combustion engines are switched off and v / zv / ei discontinuities in the illustrated embodiment, which are highlighted in FIG. 2 by a circular border and an arrow ' .
  • the falling speed curve I After a preceding steady speed drop due to braking torques acting on the crankshaft 12, the falling speed curve I first becomes flatter in the area of these discontinuities and then rises to a small peak P, before it continues with a slightly lower average gradient until the next discontinuity or decreases to a stop of the engine S '10th In the area of discontinuities, the negative slope of the speed curve decreases to zero, then becomes positive and progressively larger and then smaller again until it reaches zero again at peak P and becomes negative again.
  • the discontinuities are an expression of a non-circular rotation of the crankshaft 12, which is perceived by the vehicle occupants in the form of vibrations or noises.
  • the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 10 is reduced in a controlled manner according to the invention by each time the fuel supply to the internal combustion engine * 10 is interrupted, be it as a result of the driver switching off the ignition or as a result of a Turning off the internal combustion engine 10 by the engine control (start-stop function) or another control, for example a transmission control, ESP or a battery management, the electric machine is switched on by power supply in the engine mode, provided that it is not already in the engine mode.
  • the instantaneous speed values determined by means of the angle sensor 30 and stored in the memory of the engine control 32 are continuously called up by the engine control computer in order to obtain a value for the current negative slope from two or more successive speed values to calculate the curve I of the speed curve.
  • This calculated instantaneous value then serves as a control variable for the electric machine 22, the torque of which is increased or decreased depending on this value.
  • the electric machine 22 outputs a torque to the crankshaft 12 which is either rectified to the inertia-related torque of the crankshaft 12 (curve II) or opposite thereto (curve III).
  • curve II the inertia-related torque of the crankshaft 12
  • curve III opposite thereto
  • the time period between the interruption of the fuel supply and the standstill S of the internal combustion engine 10 can be controlled such that it becomes larger in the case of the flatter speed curve II and shorter in the case of the steeper speed curve III than in the case of the speed curve I.
  • the torque of the electric machine 22 is the same as the torque of the internal combustion engine 10 due to the inertia (curve II), where the speed curve of the internal combustion engine 10 shows a discontinuity with a temporary increase in speed caused by a decreasing braking torque, as shown in curve I, this decreasing braking torque compensated for by a reduction in the drive torque of the electric machine 22, so that the curve II has a continuous curve without speed fluctuations.
  • the modern mentale speed of the internal combustion engine 10 in the control with by the drive torque of the electric machine 22 is reduced degressively with falling speed, resulting in the resulting degressive course of the speed curve II.
  • a corresponding regulation can also be used to set a linear or progressive curve shape.
  • curve III When the braking torque of the electric machine 22 is opposite to the torque of the internal combustion engine 10 due to the inertia (curve III), where the speed curve of the internal combustion engine 10 has a discontinuity with a temporary increase in speed caused by a decreasing braking torque, as shown in curve I, this decreasing braking torque compensated for by an increase in the drive torque of the electric machine 22, so that the curve III likewise has a continuous curve without speed fluctuations.
  • curve III is considerably steeper than curve II and leads to standstill S of internal combustion engine 10 much more quickly.
  • Curve IV in the lower diagram in FIG. 2 shows the duty cycle of the electric machine 22.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a motor vehicle with a hybrid drive, comprising an internal combustion engine (10) with a crankshaft, at least one electric machine (22) which can be coupled to or rigidly connected to the crankshaft (12) and at least one control device (24, 32) for controlling the internal combustion engine (10) and/or the electric machine (22), in addition to a method for operating said motor vehicle. According to the invention, if the supply of fuel to the internal combustion engine is interrupted, the control device reduces the speed of the internal combustion engine (10) by means of the electric machine working when the motor is in operation in a controlled or adjusted manner until the internal combustion engine (10) comes to a standstill (S).

Description

Kraftfahrzeug mit Hybridantrieb sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben desselbenMotor vehicle with hybrid drive and method for operating the same
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einein Hybridantrieb mit den im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 genannten Merkmalen, sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einem Hybridantrieb mit den im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 4 genannten Merkmalen.The invention relates to a motor vehicle with a hybrid drive with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating a motor vehicle with a hybrid drive with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 4.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Als Kraftfahrzeuge mit Hybridantrieb werden Kraftfahrzeuge bezeichnet, die neben einem konventionellen Verbrennungsmotor eine oder ggf. auch mehrere angegliederte Elektro aschinen aufweisen, die mit dem Antriebsstrang des Kraftfahrzeugs kuppelbar o- der fest verbunden (ISG) sind und sowohl im Generatorbetrieb als auch im Motorbetrieb arbeiten können. Während sie im Generatorbetrieb vom Verbrennungsmotor angetrieben werden und elektrischen Strom zur Versorgung von Verbrauchern des Kraftfahrzeugs erzeugen, wird ihnen im Motorbetrieb Strom aus der Fahrzeugbatterie zugeführt, um diesen in -Antriebsenergie für das Kraftfahrzeug umzuwandeln. Neben der Fahrzeugbatterie als Stromspeicher ist gewöhnlich auch ein Schwungrad oder ein anderer Speicher für kinetische Energie vorhanden, mit dem zum Beispiel beim Bremsen freiwerdende kinetische Energie gespeichert und über die Elektromaschine an die Verbraucher des Kraftfahrzeugs oder später wieder an dessen Antriebsstrang abgegeben werden kann.Motor vehicles with hybrid drive are motor vehicles that, in addition to a conventional internal combustion engine, have one or possibly several associated electrical machines that can be coupled or permanently connected to the drive train of the motor vehicle (ISG) and can work both in generator operation and in motor operation , While they are driven by the internal combustion engine in generator operation and generate electrical current to supply consumers of the motor vehicle, they operate in engine operation Electricity is supplied from the vehicle battery in order to convert it into drive energy for the motor vehicle. In addition to the vehicle battery as a power store, there is usually also a flywheel or another store for kinetic energy, with which, for example, kinetic energy released during braking can be stored and released to the consumer of the motor vehicle via the electric machine or later to its drive train.
Die meisten Kraftfahrzeuge mit Hybridantrieb können im sogenannten Start/Stop-Betrieb gefahren werden, in dem bei jedem Stillstand des Kraftfahrzeugs der Verbrennungsmotor nach einer vorbestimmten Zeitdau- er durch Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr abgestellt wird, wie zum Beispiel in der DE 101 32 655 AI offenbart. Beim erneuten Anfahren des Kraftfahrzeugs wird zuerst die Elektromaschine durch Strom- zufuhr aus der Fahrzeugbatterie oder durch Energie- zufuhr vom Schwungrad angetrieben, bevor nach Erreichen der Leerlaufdrehzahl der Verbrennungsmotor erneut gezündet wird. Dieser Start/Stop-Betrieb hat nicht nur ökonomische Vorteile, sondern ist auch unter Umweltgesichtspunkten vorteilhaft.Most motor vehicles with hybrid drive can be operated in the so-called start / stop mode, in which the internal combustion engine is switched off after a predetermined period of time by interrupting the fuel supply each time the motor vehicle comes to a standstill, as disclosed, for example, in DE 101 32 655 AI. When the motor vehicle is started again, the electric machine is first driven by supplying power from the vehicle battery or by the flywheel before the internal combustion engine is re-ignited after the idling speed has been reached. This start / stop operation not only has economic advantages, but is also advantageous from an environmental point of view.
Beim Abstellen des Verbrennungsmotors durch Unterbrechung seiner Kraftstof zufuhr befindet sich der Verbrennungsmotor jedoch nicht sofort im Stillstand, sondern läuft infolge der Trägheit der Kur- beiwelle und anderer rotierender Komponenten noch einige Sekundenbruchteile oder Sekunden weiter,, bevor sich seine Drehzahl hauptsächlich infolge der Kompression von Luft in einem oder mehreren Zylindern auf Null verringert hat. Da in dieser Zeit der Verlauf der auf die rotierenden Komponenten des Motors einwirkenden Kräfte starken Schwankungen unterliegt, können je nach Verbrennungsm tor und Einbauverhältnissen mehr oder weniger starke Vibrationen und/oder Geräuschentwicklungen auftreten. Vor allem im Stadtverkehr, wo der Verbrennungsmotor beim Start-Stop-Betrieb sehr häufig abgestellt wird, werden diese Vibrationen und Geräuschentwicklung infolge ihres häufigen Auftretens als störend empfunden.However, when the internal combustion engine is switched off due to the interruption of its fuel supply, the internal combustion engine is not immediately at a standstill, but is still running due to the inertia of the crankshaft and other rotating components a few fractions of a second or more, before its speed has dropped to zero mainly due to the compression of air in one or more cylinders. Since the course of the forces acting on the rotating components of the engine is subject to strong fluctuations during this time, depending on the combustion engine and installation conditions, more or less strong vibrations and / or noise can occur. Especially in city traffic, where the internal combustion engine is switched off very often during start-stop operation, these vibrations and noise are perceived as annoying due to their frequent occurrence.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Das erfindungsgemäße Kraftfahrzeug mit den im Anspruch 1 genannten Merkmalen und das erfindungsge- mäße Verfahren mit den im Anspruch 4 genannten Merkmalen bieten den Vorteil, dass ein sehr ruhiges und komfortables Abstellen des Verbrennungsmotors und dadurch eine für die Akzeptanz von Start/Stop- Systemen in Kraftfahrzeugen mit Hybridantrieb sehr förderliche deutliche Komfortsteigerung möglich ist.The motor vehicle according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 1 and the method according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 4 offer the advantage that the internal combustion engine can be switched off very quietly and comfortably, and thereby for the acceptance of start / stop systems in motor vehicles with hybrid drive very beneficial significant increase in comfort is possible.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird dieIn a preferred embodiment of the invention, the
Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors mit Hilfe der E~ lektromaschine so gesteuert, dass sie von der Dreh- zahl bei der Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr stetig auf Null abnimmt. Eine stetige Abnahme bedeutet in diesem Zusammenhang, dass der Verlauf der Drehzahlkurve des Verbrennungsmotors zwischen der Drehzahl bei der Unterbrechung seiner Kraftstoffzufuhr und seinem Stillstand keinen vorübergehenden Drehzahlanstieg aufweist und die negative Steigung der Drehzahlkurve vorzugsweise keinen starken Änderungen unterworfen ist.The speed of the internal combustion engine is controlled with the aid of the electric machine in such a way that it is number decreases steadily to zero when the fuel supply is interrupted. In this context, a steady decrease means that the course of the speed curve of the internal combustion engine between the speed when the fuel supply is interrupted and its standstill has no temporary increase in speed and the negative slope of the speed curve is preferably not subject to strong changes.
Um nach der Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr einen zwischenzeitlichen Drehzahlanstieg im Verlauf der Drehzahlkurve des Verbrennungsmotors zu vermeiden, kann mit Hilfe der Elektromaschine ein zum 'trägheitsbedingten Drehmoment des Verbrennungsmotors entgegengesetztes Drehmoment auf die Abtriebswelle des Verbrennungsmotors aufgebracht werden. Der Betrag dieses entgegengesetzten Drehmoments wird vergrößert, wenn der Gradient, d.h. die nega- tive Steigung der Drehzahlkurve des Verbrennungsmotors nach der Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr zwischenzeitlich kleiner wird, ' sich an Null annähert oder gar positive Werte annimmt, bevor der Motor zum Stillstand gekommen ist. Dieses zum träg- heitsbedingten Drehmoment des Verbrennungsmotors entgegengesetzte Drehmoment -führt sehr schnell zum Stillstand des Verbrennungsmotors.In order to avoid an intermittent increase in speed in the course of the speed curve of the internal combustion engine after the fuel supply has been interrupted, the electric machine can be used to apply a torque opposite to the ' inertia-related torque of the internal combustion engine ' on the output shaft of the internal combustion engine. The amount of this opposite torque is increased when the gradient is, the nega- tive slope of the speed curve of the engine after the interruption of the fuel supply is temporarily small, 'approaches zero or accepts even positive values, before the engine has come to a standstill. This torque, which is opposite to the inertia-related torque of the internal combustion engine, leads very quickly to a standstill of the internal combustion engine.
Eine zwischenzeitliche Abflachung oder ein zwi- ■ schenzeitlicher Anstieg der Drehzahlkurve des Verbrennungsmotors kann sich durch einen vorübergehenden Abfall des bremsenden Drehmoments ergeben, wenn zum Beispiel unmittelbar nach dem Durchlaufen des oberen Totpunkts eines Zylinders die von der komprimierten Luft im Zylinder erzeugte und dem trägheitsbedingten Drehmoment des Verbrennungsmotors entgegenwirkende Bremskraft abnimmt.An interim flattening or an interim ■ increase in the speed curve of the The internal combustion engine can result from a temporary drop in the braking torque if, for example, immediately after passing through the top dead center of a cylinder, the braking force generated by the compressed air in the cylinder and counteracting the inertia-related torque of the internal combustion engine decreases.
Statt einem zum trägheitsbedingten Drehmoment des Verbrennungsmotors entgegengesetzten Drehmoment wird jedoch bevorzugt mit Hilfe der Elektromaschine ein zum Drehmoment des Verbrennungsmotors gleichgerichtetes Drehmoment auf die "Abtriebswelle des Verbrennungsmotors aufgebracht und dieses Drehmo- ent gesteuert verkleinert, wenn sich die negative Steigung der Drehzahlkurve des Verbrennungsmotors abflacht, wodurch eine langsamere sanftere Abbrem- sung möglich ist.Instead of a direction opposite to the inertial torque of the engine torque is, however, preferably with the aid of the electric machine is a rectified to the torque of the engine torque to the "output shaft of the internal combustion engine is applied and this torque reduces ent controlled when the negative slope of the speed curve of the engine flattens, thereby slower, more gentle braking is possible.
Die Steigung der Drehzahlkurve des Verbrennungsmotors kann aus der momentanen Drehzahl des "Verbrennungsmotors berechnet werden, die gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung auch nach der Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr zum Verbren- nungsmotor kontinuierlich gemessen wird, bis der Verbrennungsmotor zum Stillstand gekommen ist. Die gemessene momentane Drehzahl bzw. die daraus berechnete Steigung des Drehzahlabfalls oder eine andere von der momentanen Drehzahl des Verbrennungs- motors abhängige Größe wird dann als Regelgröße zur Ansteuerung der Elektromaschine verwendet.The slope of the speed curve of the engine can be calculated from the instantaneous speed of the "internal combustion engine, a preferred embodiment of the invention is measured continuously even after the interruption of the fuel supply to the internal combustion engine according, has come to a standstill until the internal combustion engine. The measured current speed or the slope of the speed drop calculated therefrom or another of the current speed of the combustion Motor-dependent variable is then used as a control variable for controlling the electric machine.
Alternativ zu einer Rückkopplung, bei der die ge- messene momentane Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors zur Regelung der Elektromaschine dient, ist es auch möglich, Unstetigkeiten der Drehzahlkurve des Verbrennungsmotors für verschiedene Randbedingungen beim Abstellen des Verbrennungsmotors, wie zum Bei- spiel Drehzahl,' Motortemperatur, Kupplungszustand usw. jeweils in Abhängigkeit vom Drehwinkel der Ab- triebswelle des Verbrennungsmotors durch Simulation zu berechnen oder an einem Versuchsfahrzeug zu bestimmen. Die ermittelten Unstetigkeiten können dann zum Beispiel in Form eines Kennfelds gespeichert werden, aus dem sich unter Berücksichtigung der jeweiligen Randbedingungen für verschiedene Drehwinkelbereiche der Abtriebswelle ein zu erwartender Verlauf der Drehzahlkurve des Verbrennungs- motors bestimmen lässt. Dort, wo dieser Kurvenverlauf Unstetigkeiten aufweist, wird dann die Elektromaschine so angesteuert, dass es zu einem Ausgleich der Unstetigkeiten und zu einer Glättung des Kurvenverlaufs kommt.As an alternative to a feedback, in which the measured instantaneous speed of the internal combustion engine is used to regulate the electric machine, it is also possible to discrepancy the speed curve of the internal combustion engine for various boundary conditions when the internal combustion engine is switched off, such as, for example, speed, engine temperature, clutch condition etc. depending on the angle of rotation of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine to be calculated by simulation or to be determined on a test vehicle. The determined discontinuities can then be stored, for example, in the form of a map from which an anticipated course of the speed curve of the internal combustion engine can be determined taking into account the respective boundary conditions for different rotation angle ranges of the output shaft. Where this curve shows discontinuities, the electric machine is then controlled so that the discontinuities are compensated and the curve is smoothed.
Durch einen entsprechend gesteuerten Verlauf der Drehmomentkurve der Elektromaschine zwischen den Unstetigkeiten 'der Drehmomentkurve des Verbrennungsmotors kann für die letzter ein linearer oder alternativ ein progressiver oder degressiver Abfall bis zum Stillstand eingestellt werden . Vorzugsweise wird die Elektromaschine abgeschaltet, sobald sich der Verbrennungsmotor im Stillstand befindet .By a correspondingly controlled torque curve of the electric motor between the discontinuities' of the torque curve of the engine can last for a linear, or alternatively an increasing or decreasing waste be set to a standstill. The electric machine is preferably switched off as soon as the internal combustion engine is at a standstill.
Zeichnungendrawings
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert . Es zeigen :The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it :
Fig . 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Hybridantriebs eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einem Verbrennungsmotor und einer Elektromaschine;Fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine;
Fig . 2 ein Schaubild von Drehzahlverläufen desFig. 2 is a graph of speed curves of the
Verbrennungsmotors des Hybridantriebs nach dem Unterbrechen der Kraftstoff zufuhr mit und ohne Zuschaltung der Elek- tromaschine .Combustion engine of the hybrid drive after interrupting the fuel supply with and without switching on the electric machine.
Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment
Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Hybridantrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs umfasst in bekannter Weise einen Verbrennungsmotor 10, dessen Kurbelwelle 12 über zwei Zahnräder 14, 16 und eine Kupplung 18 mit der Abtriebswelle 20 einer Elektromaschine 22 des Kraftfahrzeugs kuppelbar ist, die u.a. als Starter- Generator für den Verbrennungsmotor 10 dient 'und wie bei einem Kurbelwellen-Startergenerator ggf. auch ohne zwischengeschaltete Kupplung starr mit dem Verbrennungsmotors 10 verbunden sein könnte. Die Elektromaschine 22 ist über ein Steuergerät 24 it einer Batterie 26 des Kraftfahrzeugs verbunden.The hybrid drive of a motor vehicle shown in Fig. 1 comprises in a known manner an internal combustion engine 10, the crankshaft 12 via two gear wheels 14, 16 and a clutch 18 can be coupled to the output shaft 20 of an electric machine 22 of the motor vehicle, which, inter alia, as a starter-generator for the Internal combustion engine 10 serves ' and as in the case of a crankshaft starter generator, could possibly also be rigidly connected to the internal combustion engine 10 without an intermediate clutch. The electric machine 22 is connected via a control unit 24 to a battery 26 of the motor vehicle.
Die Kurbelwelle 12 des Verbrennungsmotors 10 trägt ein Drehzahl- oder Winkelgeberrad 28, dessen Umfang sich bei laufendem Motor 10 an einem Winkelsensor 30 vorbeibewegt und dort Spannungssignale induziert. Vom Winkelsensor 30 aus werden die Spannungssignale einer Motorsteuerung 32 des Motors 10 zugeführt. Die Motorsteuerung 32 umfasst eine Auswerteschaltung und einen Rechner (nicht darge- stellt) , mit denen sich auf der Grundlage der zugeführten Spannungssignale die momentane Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors 10 ermitteln lässt. Die Motorsteuerung 32 umfasst weiter einen Speicher (nicht dargestellt) , in dem die momentanen Dreh- zahlwerte kurzzeitig gespeichert werden, um sie bei Bedarf abzurufen, zum Beispiel um in bekannter Weise über einen Drehwinkel der Kurbelwelle 12 von beispielsweise 120 Grad eine gemittelte Motordrehzahl zu berechnen, die im Betrieb zur Ansteuerung einer Einspritzpumpe 34 des Verbrennungsmotors 10 herangezogen wird.The crankshaft 12 of the internal combustion engine 10 carries a speed or angle encoder wheel 28, the circumference of which moves past an angle sensor 30 when the engine 10 is running and induces voltage signals there. From the angle sensor 30, the voltage signals are fed to a motor controller 32 of the motor 10. The motor controller 32 comprises an evaluation circuit and a computer (not shown) with which the instantaneous speed of the internal combustion engine 10 can be determined on the basis of the voltage signals supplied. The engine control 32 further comprises a memory (not shown) in which the current speed values are briefly stored in order to call them up when required, for example in order to calculate an averaged engine speed in a known manner via an angle of rotation of the crankshaft 12 of, for example, 120 degrees , which is used in operation to control an injection pump 34 of the internal combustion engine 10.
An Stelle einer getrennten Steuerung 24, 32 für den Verbrennungsmotor 10 und die Elektromaschine 22 kann auch eine gemeinsame Steuerung vorgesehen sein.Instead of a separate controller 24, 32 for the internal combustion engine 10 and the electric machine 22 a common control can also be provided.
In Fig. 2 zeigt die Kurve I den Drehzahlverlauf nach dem Abstellen des Verbrennungsmotors 10 durch Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr bei abgeschalteter Elektromaschine 22. Dieser Drehzahlverlauf zwischen der Leerlaufdrehzahl L und der Drehzahl Null bei Motorstillstand S entspricht dem Drehzahlver- lauf beim Abstellen konventioneller Verbrennungsmotoren und v/eist bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel zv/ei Unstetigkeiten auf, die in Fig. 2 durch eine kreisförmige Umrandung und einen Pfeil ' hervorgehoben sind.2, curve I shows the speed curve after the internal combustion engine 10 has been switched off by interrupting the fuel supply when the electric machine 22 is switched off. This speed curve between the idling speed L and the speed zero when the engine is at a standstill S corresponds to the speed curve when conventional internal combustion engines are switched off and v / zv / ei discontinuities in the illustrated embodiment, which are highlighted in FIG. 2 by a circular border and an arrow ' .
Nach einem vorangehenden stetigen Drehzahlabfall infolge von auf die Kurbelwelle 12 einwirkenden Bremsmomenten wird die abfallende Drehzahlkurve I im Bereich dieser Unstetigkeiten zuerst flacher und steigt dann bis zu einem kleinen Peak P an, bevor sie erneut mit etwas geringerer mittlerer Steigung stetig bis zur nächsten Unstetigkeit bzw. bis zum Stillstand S des Motors' 10 absinkt. Im Bereich der Unstetigkeiten nimmt die negative Steigung der Drehzahlkurve auf Null ab, wird dann positiv und zunehmend größer und dann wieder kleiner, bis sie am Peak P erneut den Wert Null erreicht und wieder negativ wird. Die Unstetigkeiten sind Ausdruck einer unrunden Drehung der Kurbelwelle 12, die von den Fahrzeugin- sassen in Form von Vibrationen oder Geräuschen wahrgenommen wird.After a preceding steady speed drop due to braking torques acting on the crankshaft 12, the falling speed curve I first becomes flatter in the area of these discontinuities and then rises to a small peak P, before it continues with a slightly lower average gradient until the next discontinuity or decreases to a stop of the engine S '10th In the area of discontinuities, the negative slope of the speed curve decreases to zero, then becomes positive and progressively larger and then smaller again until it reaches zero again at peak P and becomes negative again. The discontinuities are an expression of a non-circular rotation of the crankshaft 12, which is perceived by the vehicle occupants in the form of vibrations or noises.
Um diese als unangenehm empfundenen Drehzahlschwankungen beim Abstellen des Verbrennungsmotors 10 des Hybridantriebs zu vermeiden, wird erfindungsgemäß die Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors 10 gesteuert verringert, indem bei jeder Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr zum Verbrennungsmotor * 10, sei es infolge eines Absteilens der Zündung durch den Fahrer oder infolge eines Abstellens des Verbrennungsmotors 10 durch die Motorsteuerung (Start-Stopp- Funktion) oder eine andere Steuerung, z.B. eine Getriebesteuerung, ESP oder ein Batteriemanagement, die Elektromaschine durch Stromzufuhr im Motorbetrieb zugeschaltet wird, sofern sie sich nicht bereits im Motorbetrieb befindet. Darüber hinaus wer- den beginnend mit jeder Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr die mittels des Winkelsensors 30 ermittelten und im Speicher der Motorsteuerung 32 gespeicherten momentanen Drehzahlwerte kontinuierlich vom Rechner der Motorsteuerung abgerufen, um je- weils aus zwei oder mehr aufeinanderfolgenden Drehzahlwerten einen Wert für die momentane negative Steigung der Kurve I des Drehzahlverlaufs zu berechnen. Dieser berechnete Momentanwert dient dann als Re- gelgröße für die Elektromaschine 22, deren Drehmoment in Abhängigkeit von diesem Wert vergrößert bzw. verkleinert wird.In order to avoid these uncomfortable speed fluctuations when the internal combustion engine 10 of the hybrid drive is switched off, the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 10 is reduced in a controlled manner according to the invention by each time the fuel supply to the internal combustion engine * 10 is interrupted, be it as a result of the driver switching off the ignition or as a result of a Turning off the internal combustion engine 10 by the engine control (start-stop function) or another control, for example a transmission control, ESP or a battery management, the electric machine is switched on by power supply in the engine mode, provided that it is not already in the engine mode. In addition, starting with each interruption of the fuel supply, the instantaneous speed values determined by means of the angle sensor 30 and stored in the memory of the engine control 32 are continuously called up by the engine control computer in order to obtain a value for the current negative slope from two or more successive speed values to calculate the curve I of the speed curve. This calculated instantaneous value then serves as a control variable for the electric machine 22, the torque of which is increased or decreased depending on this value.
Bei den in Fig. 2 dargestellten. Ausführungsbeispielen gibt die Elektromaschine 22 ein Drehmoment an die Kurbelwelle 12 ab, das entweder zu dem trägheitsbedingten Drehmoment der Kurbelwelle 12 gleichgerichtet (Kurve II) oder zu diesem entgegengesetzt (Kurve III) ist. Dadurch kann die Zeitspanne zwischen der Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr und dem Stillstand S des Verbrennungsmotors 10 so gesteuert werden, dass sie im Fall der flacheren Drehzahlkurve II größer und im Fall der steileren Drehzahlkurve III kleiner als im Fall der Drehzahlkurve I wird.In those shown in Fig. 2 . In exemplary embodiments, the electric machine 22 outputs a torque to the crankshaft 12 which is either rectified to the inertia-related torque of the crankshaft 12 (curve II) or opposite thereto (curve III). As a result, the time period between the interruption of the fuel supply and the standstill S of the internal combustion engine 10 can be controlled such that it becomes larger in the case of the flatter speed curve II and shorter in the case of the steeper speed curve III than in the case of the speed curve I.
Bei einem zum trägheitsbedingten Drehmoment des Verbrennungsmotors 10 gleichgerichteten Drehmoment der Elektromaschine 22 (Kurve II) wird dort, wo die Drehzahlkurve des Verbrennungsmotors 10 eine Unstetigkeit mit einem durch ein sinkendes Bremsdrehmoment verursachten zeitweiligen Drehzahlanstieg auf- weist, wie in Kurve I dargestellt, dieses sinkende Bremsdrehmoment durch eine Verkleinerung des Antriebsdrehmoments der Elektromaschine 22 kompensiert, so dass die Kurve II einen stetigen Kurvenverlauf ohne Drehzahlschwankungen aufweist. Bei dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel geht auch die mo- mentane Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors 10 in die Regelung mit ein, indem das Antriebsmoment der E- lektromaschine 22 mit sinkender Drehzahl degressiv verkleinert wird, wodurch sich der resultierende degressive Verlauf der Drehzahlkurve II ergibt. Durch eine entsprechende Regelung ist jedoch auch ein linearer oder progressiver Kurvenverlauf einstellbar .If the torque of the electric machine 22 is the same as the torque of the internal combustion engine 10 due to the inertia (curve II), where the speed curve of the internal combustion engine 10 shows a discontinuity with a temporary increase in speed caused by a decreasing braking torque, as shown in curve I, this decreasing braking torque compensated for by a reduction in the drive torque of the electric machine 22, so that the curve II has a continuous curve without speed fluctuations. In the present exemplary embodiment, the modern mentale speed of the internal combustion engine 10 in the control with by the drive torque of the electric machine 22 is reduced degressively with falling speed, resulting in the resulting degressive course of the speed curve II. However, a corresponding regulation can also be used to set a linear or progressive curve shape.
Bei einem zum trägheitsbedingten Drehmoment des Verbrennungsmotors 10 entgegengesetzten, bremsenden Drehmoment der Elektromaschine 22 (Kurve III) wird dort, wo die Drehzahlkurve des Verbrennungsmotors 10 eine Unstetigkeit mit einem durch ein sinkendes Bremsdrehmoment verursachten zeitweiligen Drehzahlanstieg aufweist, wie in Kurve I dargestellt, dieses sinkende Bremsdrehmoment durch eine Vergrößerung des Antriebsdrehmoments der Elektromaschine 22 kompensiert, so dass die Kurve III ebenfalls einen stetigen Kurvenverlauf ohne Drehzahlschwankungen aufweist. Die Kurve III ist jedoch erheblich steiler als die Kurve II und führt sehr viel schneller zum Stillstand S des Verbrennungsmotors 10.When the braking torque of the electric machine 22 is opposite to the torque of the internal combustion engine 10 due to the inertia (curve III), where the speed curve of the internal combustion engine 10 has a discontinuity with a temporary increase in speed caused by a decreasing braking torque, as shown in curve I, this decreasing braking torque compensated for by an increase in the drive torque of the electric machine 22, so that the curve III likewise has a continuous curve without speed fluctuations. However, curve III is considerably steeper than curve II and leads to standstill S of internal combustion engine 10 much more quickly.
Die Kurve IV im unteren Diagramm der Fig. 2 zeigt die Einschaltdauer der Elektromaschine 22 an. Curve IV in the lower diagram in FIG. 2 shows the duty cycle of the electric machine 22.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Hybridantrieb, umfassend einen Verbrennungsmotor mit einer Kurbelwelle, mindestens eine mit der Kurbelwelle kuppelbare oder starr verbundene Elektromaschine und mindestens ein Steuergerat zur Steuerung des Verbrennungsmotors und/oder der Elektromaschine, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steuergerät (24, 32) im Falle einer Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr zum Verbren- nungsmotor (10) die Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors (10) mittels der im Motorbetrieb arbeitenden Elektromaschine (22) gesteuert oder geregelt bis zum Stillstand (S) des Verbrennungsmotors (10) absenkt,1. Motor vehicle with a hybrid drive, comprising an internal combustion engine with a crankshaft, at least one electric machine that can be coupled or rigidly connected to the crankshaft, and at least one control device for controlling the internal combustion engine and / or the electric machine, characterized in that the control device (24, 32) in In the event of an interruption in the fuel supply to the internal combustion engine (10), the speed of the internal combustion engine (10) is reduced or controlled by means of the electric machine (22) operating in motor mode until the internal combustion engine (10) comes to a standstill (S),
2. Kraftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine Einrichtung (28, 30) zum Messen der momentanen Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors (10) .2. Motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized by a device (28, 30) for measuring the instantaneous speed of the internal combustion engine (10).
3. Kraftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass die Einrichtung ein mit Winkelmarken versehenes, drehfest mit der Kurbelwelle (12) verbundenes Drehzahl- oder Winkelgeberrad (28) und einen ortsfesten Winkelsensor (30) umfasst.3. Motor vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the device comprises an angular mark, rotationally fixed to the crankshaft (12) connected speed or angle encoder wheel (28) and a fixed angle sensor (30).
4. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einem Hybridantrieb,- der einen Verbrennungs o- tor mit einer Kurbelwelle und mindestens eine mit der Kurbelwelle kuppelbare oder starr verbundene Elektromaschine umfasst, bei dem zum Abstellen des Verbrennungsmotors die Kraftstoff ufuhr zu diesem unterbrochen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr die Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors (10) mittels der im Motorbetrieb arbeitenden Elektromaschine (22) gesteuert oder geregelt bis zum Stillstand (S) des Motors (10) abgesenkt wird.4. Method for operating a motor vehicle with a hybrid drive. Tor with a crankshaft and at least one electric machine that can be coupled or rigidly connected to the crankshaft, in which the fuel supply to the internal combustion engine is interrupted in order to switch off the internal combustion engine, characterized in that when the fuel supply is interrupted, the speed of the internal combustion engine (10) by means of the im Electric machine (22) operating in motor operation is controlled or regulated until the motor (10) is stopped (S).
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors (10) so gesteuert oder geregelt wird, dass sie von der Drehzahl (L) bei der Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr bis zum Stillstand (S) stetig abnimmt.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the speed of the internal combustion engine (10) is controlled or regulated so that it decreases continuously from the speed (L) when the fuel supply is interrupted until it comes to a standstill (S).
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein zwischen der Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr und dem Stillstand (S) des Motors (10) an die Kurbelwelle (12) abgegebenes Drehmoment der Elektromaschine (22) "in Abhängigkeit vom Betrag einer momentanen Drehzahl der Kurbelwelle (12) oder von einem daraus abgeleiteten Wert verän- dert wird»6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that between the interruption of the fuel supply and the standstill (S) of the engine (10) to the crankshaft (12) output torque of the electric machine (22) " depending on the amount of an instantaneous Speed of the crankshaft (12) or is changed from a value derived therefrom »
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zwischen der Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr und dem Stillstand (S) des Motors (10) an die Kurbelwelle (12) abgegebene Drehmoment der Elektromaschine (22) in Abhängigkeit' von der momentanen Steigung einer Drehzahlkurve der Kurbelwelle (12) verändert wird.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the torque output between the interruption of the fuel supply and the standstill (S) of the engine (10) to the crankshaft (12) of the electric machine (22) is changed depending 'on the instantaneous slope of a speed curve of the crankshaft (12).
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein zwischen der Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr und dem Stillstand (S) des Motors (10) an die Kurbelwelle (12) abgegebenes Drehmoment der Elektromaschine (22) in Abhängigkeit von einem in der Steuerung (32, 34) gespeicherten Kennfeld verändert wird.8. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that between the interruption of the fuel supply and the standstill (S) of the engine (10) to the crankshaft (12) output torque of the electric machine (22) as a function of one in the control (32, 34) stored map is changed.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8,9. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8,
- dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektromaschine (22) zwischen der Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr und dem Stillstand (S)- des Motors (10) ein Drehmoment an die Kurbelwelle (12) abgibt, dessen Richtung zur Richtung eines trägheitsbedingten Drehmoments des Motors (10) entgegengesetzt ist.- characterized in that the electric machine (22) between the interruption of the fuel supply and the standstill (S) - of the motor (10) outputs a torque to the crankshaft (12), the direction of which is opposite to the direction of an inertia-related torque of the motor (10) is.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Drehmoment der Elektromaschine (22) vergrößert wird, wenn die momentane Steigung einer Drehzahlkurve des Verbrennungsmotors (10) zwischen der Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr und dem Stillstand (S) des Motors (10) flacher wird.10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the torque of the electric machine (22) is increased when the instantaneous slope of a speed curve of the internal combustion engine (10) between the interruption of the fuel supply and the standstill (S) of the motor (10) becomes flatter ,
11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektromaschine (22) zwischen der Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzu- fuhr und dem Stillstand (S) .des Motors (10) ein Drehmoment an die Kurbelwelle (12) abgibt, dessen Richtung zur Richtung eines trägheitsbedingten Drehmoments des Motors (10) gleichgerichtet ist.11. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the electric machine (22) between the interruption of the fuel supply drove and the standstill (S). of the engine (10) outputs a torque to the crankshaft (12), the direction of which is rectified to the direction of an inertia-related torque of the engine (10).
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Drehmoment der Elektromaschine (22) verkleinert wird, wenn die momentane Steigung einer Drehzahlkurve des Verbrennungsmotors (10) zwischen der Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr und dem Stillstand (S) des Motors (10) flacher wird.12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the torque of the electric machine (22) is reduced when the instantaneous gradient of a speed curve of the internal combustion engine (10) between the interruption of the fuel supply and the standstill (S) of the motor (10) becomes flatter ,
13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das von der Elektroma- schine (22) an die Kurbelwelle (12) abgegebene Drehmoment mit abnehmender Drehzahl der Kurbelwelle (12) verringert wird.13. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 12, characterized in that the torque delivered by the electric machine (22) to the crankshaft (12) is reduced as the speed of the crankshaft (12) decreases.
14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Drehzahl des14. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 13, characterized in that the speed of the
Verbrennungsmotors (10) so gesteuert oder geregelt wird, dass sie zwischen der Unterbrechung der Kraftstoffzufuhr und dem Stillstand (S) des Motors (10) degressiv abnimmt.Internal combustion engine (10) is controlled or regulated so that it decreases degressively between the interruption of the fuel supply and the standstill (S) of the engine (10).
15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektromaschine (22) bei Stillstand (S) des Motors (10) abgeschaltet wird. 15. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 14, characterized in that the electric machine (22) is switched off when the motor (10) is at a standstill (S).
PCT/DE2003/000589 2002-08-13 2003-02-25 Motor vehicle with a hybrid drive and operational method therefor WO2004018246A1 (en)

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