WO2004014750A1 - Tamper evident packaging labels - Google Patents
Tamper evident packaging labels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004014750A1 WO2004014750A1 PCT/US2003/024701 US0324701W WO2004014750A1 WO 2004014750 A1 WO2004014750 A1 WO 2004014750A1 US 0324701 W US0324701 W US 0324701W WO 2004014750 A1 WO2004014750 A1 WO 2004014750A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- label
- wrapper
- perimeter
- edges
- packaging
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
- G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
- G09F3/0291—Labels or tickets undergoing a change under particular conditions, e.g. heat, radiation, passage of time
- G09F3/0292—Labels or tickets undergoing a change under particular conditions, e.g. heat, radiation, passage of time tamper indicating labels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
- B65D75/04—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in single sheets or wrapper blanks
- B65D75/14—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in single sheets or wrapper blanks in sheets or blanks folded-up around all sides of the contents from a portion on which the contents are placed
- B65D75/18—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in single sheets or wrapper blanks in sheets or blanks folded-up around all sides of the contents from a portion on which the contents are placed the upstanding portion of the wrapper being closed by regular or irregular folds or pleats, e.g. bunch-wrapped packages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
- B65D75/52—Details
- B65D75/54—Cards, coupons, or other inserts or accessories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
- B65D75/52—Details
- B65D75/58—Opening or contents-removing devices added or incorporated during package manufacture
- B65D75/66—Inserted or applied tearing-strings or like flexible elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2401/00—Tamper-indicating means
Definitions
- the invention is directed to packaging that will provide evidence of tampering to packaging of a type typically associated with confectionery products, particularly, bunch wrap packaging.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,874,096, for example, is directed to packaging for confectionery having a reclosable adhesive opening strip.
- the packaging is provided with a supplementary strip which is adhesively attached to the packaging and to the opening strip.
- the supplementary strip is also provided with pre-cut transverse lines, such that the strip breaks upon opening, which provides evidence of tampering if the package is subsequently reclosed.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,987,850 discloses a process for applying a revenue seal to a cigarette pack.
- the seal is applied directly to the packaging, applying a laser beam to a smooth coating in the area where the seal is to be applied so that the seal will adhere better to that area.
- the seal is applied across a dividing line where the package is opened such that the seal will rupture on opening the cigarette pack.
- U.S. Patent No. 6,349,828 Bl is directed to a tamper evident packaging for a wound dressing in which two packaging layers are sealed to each other at their perimeter for example by heat sealing, adhesive sealing, J-vF sealing, or ultrasonic sealing.
- the layers may be sheets of medical grade paper, plastic, foil or the like. Perforations are provided in one or both packaging layers within the sealing region on the perimeter such that when the package is opened the layer tears along the perforation, leaving a portion of the layers attached, thus providing evidence that the package has been fully or partly opened.
- Confectionery products are handled by a large number of people at the point of sale prior to being finally purchased and consumed. This raises a particular concern that these products are more likely to be subjected to tampering.
- the invention is a package comprising a wrapper having a label affixed to a surface thereof, wherein the label has a perimeter and is provided with an at least partly removable portion within the perimeter, such that the label provides evidence of tampering when the package is opened.
- the confection is a molded confection, such as a molded piece of chocolate having a flat side
- the wrapper is bunch wrapped around the molded confection
- the label is applied over creases and edges of the wrapper gathered on the flat side of the piece.
- the label has a pattern of perforations, which may be die cut or formed . by another method, laid out in a pattern to increase the likelihood of tearing when tampered with.
- the label has die cut perforations in a closed shape, such that an attempt to remove the label results in the die cut portion tearing away, providing evidence of tampering.
- a label may be provided according to the invention which provides evidence of tampering but which does not have a region defined by perforations.
- a multilayer structure may be used such that all or a portion of a top layer is removed by tearing or other means to reveal a layer underneath which may have a different color or other visible indication which provides evidence that the label has been tampered with.
- a plurality of angles on the perimeter of a label facing away from the center of the label may provide evidence of tampering by providing tear propagation points, such that the label would be virtually impossible to remove without leaving evidence of tampering.
- the invention is directed to a method for providing evidence of tampering to confectionery packaging when the packaging is opened or attempted to be opened, comprising the steps of: conforming a wrapper to a surface of a confectionery piece, gathering edges of the wrapper on a side of the confectionery piece, and applying a label with an at least partly removable portion within the label perimeter on the side of the confectionery piece over the edges of the wrapper such that the label provides visible indication when the packaging is opened or attempted to be opened.
- Figure 1 depicts a foil bunch wrap having a tamper-evident die cut label affixed to it.
- Figure 2 depicts a preferred configuration of die cut perforations on a tamper evident label.
- Figure 3 depicts a foil bunch wrap having a tamper-evident die cut label affixed to it according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 1 shows a confectionery piece (2) having a flat side (4) with a perimeter (6).
- a foil wrapper (8) is shown with creases (16) where its bunched edges have been gathered on the flat side (4) of the confectionery piece.
- a label (10) having a label perimeter (12) conforming to the perimeter of the flat side of the piece is shown placed on the flat side of the piece over the creases and bunched edges, in effect over the "opening" of the package.
- die cut perforations (14) Within the perimeter (12) are die cut perforations (14), which partially tear away when the label (10) is removed or tampered with.
- Tamper evident means providing any visible indication that a packaging has been opened or that an attempt has been made to open it.
- Bunch wrapping means wrapping an object with a sheet of material; conforming the material to the outside shape of the object; and bunching the edges of the sheet of material against a surface of the object. This definition is consistent with the usage in the art.
- the edible piece is a molded chocolate confection which has a flat side owing to the molding process.
- the flat side makes it easier to bunch the edges of the wrapper against that side, and also makes it easier to place the label securely over the edges of the wrapper to form the package opening.
- Bunch wrapping may be accomplished by methods known in the art, such as by pushing the confectionery piece into a sheet of wrapper material through an orifice with brushing members conforming the wrapper material to the piece. Members then push the trailing ends against the piece.
- a bunch wrap package according to the prior art is relatively easily opened and tampered with by taking an exposed edge of the wrapped sheet and peeling it away from the confectionery piece.
- a label is placed over the exposed edges.
- the bunch wrap and label are provided with an additional tamper evident feature by using a pattern of perforations on the label which tear when the label is opened or tampered with.
- wrapper material can be used as a substitute for foil wrapper (8) to wrap the piece, provided it has sufficient "dead fold" properties to permit the wrapper to conform to the shape of the piece. Dead fold is defined in the Glossary of Packaging Terms as "a hand or machine made fold which will remain in position without sealing, such as a soft foil.”
- Preferred wrapper materials are foils and laminated foils such as a 10 to 20 micron thickness soft temper foil.
- the label (10) has a label perimeter (12) die cut from label stock, and a pattern of perforations (14) which are also formed by die cutting. Any label stock known in the art may be used.
- Such stock typically comprises an adhesive-backed label material of paper, laminated paper, plastic, or the like on a non-adhesive liner.
- the label material bears instructions or regulatory information printed before the label is die cut.
- the die cutting operation must be done in registration with the printing. It has been found, however, that the pattern of perforations (14) formed in the label (10) according to the invention do not interfere with the legibility of the label information.
- Die cutting can be by any means known in the art, such as with a platen die cutter, rotary die cutter, laser cutter, or any other system known in the art or hereafter developed.
- the die includes a definition of the label perimeter shape and cuts through the label material to the liner and the excess label material is stripped away from the liner.
- the perforations (14) are provided in a pattern on the label, and may be cut at the same time as the label perimeter or in a different die cutting step. Preferably, the perforations are cut at the same time that the perimeter of the label is cut, and thus the same die is used.
- the perforations are provided in a pattern to increase the likelihood that the label will tear upon opening. This will provide a tamper evident feature to the bunch wrap/label combination.
- the perforation pattern is preferably not plainly visible, and during manufacture of the packaging combination, the label is handled as a single piece such that the perforations do not tear away.
- the perforations (24) follow the shape of the perimeter (26) of a flat side of the piece being wrapped. Several concentric shapes following the perimeter shape may increase the tendency of the label to tear during tampering.
- a series of points or near points as shown in Figure 1 may provide better tamper evidence than a smooth shape, because tearing appears to propagate most easily at a sharp point in the perforation pattern.
- the ability to have a die economically prepared may impose constraints on the design that is used. It is preferred, but not necessary, that the die cut perforations (14, 24) define a closed shape. Thus, when a person pulls the label off, an entire portion tears away from the rest of the label.
- the label is made tamper evident by die cutting a label perimeter having numerous relatively sharp angles (18) as shown in Figure 3.
- the label perimeter is thus provided with a plurality of tear propagation points (20).
- a label having this configuration is extremely difficult to remove without leaving evidence of tampering.
- such a label presents significant challenges in terms of handling, and it would be difficult to reliably and rapidly remove such a label from the liner and apply it to the bunch wrap. Configurations according to any of the foregoing embodiments prevent tampering.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002494589A CA2494589A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 | 2003-08-08 | Tamper evident packaging labels |
AU2003261426A AU2003261426A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 | 2003-08-08 | Tamper evident packaging labels |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US40231602P | 2002-08-08 | 2002-08-08 | |
US60/402,316 | 2002-08-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004014750A1 true WO2004014750A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
Family
ID=31715835
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2003/024701 WO2004014750A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 | 2003-08-08 | Tamper evident packaging labels |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040112010A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003261426A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2494589A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004014750A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1587047A1 (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2005-10-19 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Optically variable tamper evident device |
NL1027365C2 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-01 | Jolanda Jantin Wessels-Overweg | Security device for preventing unauthorized use of e.g. clothes, comprises plate secured to article and becoming irreversibly damaged if article is used or plate is removed |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9150342B2 (en) | 2003-04-16 | 2015-10-06 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Resealable tray container |
DE10346683C5 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2014-08-07 | Schreiner Group Gmbh & Co. Kg | Tamper-proof film structure for labels and method for its production |
US20060057255A1 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | James Teal | Tamper evident bunch wrapper packaging |
US20070221736A1 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-27 | Bailey William T | Tamper-evident label |
US7963413B2 (en) | 2006-05-23 | 2011-06-21 | Kraft Foods Global Brands Llc | Tamper evident resealable closure |
US8308363B2 (en) | 2006-05-23 | 2012-11-13 | Kraft Foods Global Brands Llc | Package integrity indicator for container closure |
US8114451B2 (en) | 2006-12-27 | 2012-02-14 | Kraft Foods Global Brands Llc | Resealable closure with package integrity feature |
US8408792B2 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2013-04-02 | Kraft Foods Global Brands Llc | Package integrity indicating closure |
US20100018974A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 | 2010-01-28 | Deborah Lyzenga | Package integrity indicating closure |
GB0819200D0 (en) | 2008-10-20 | 2008-11-26 | Cadbury Holdings Ltd | Packaging |
ES2390202T3 (en) | 2010-01-26 | 2012-11-07 | Generale Biscuit | Resealable container for food products and manufacturing process |
FR2957181B1 (en) * | 2010-03-04 | 2012-03-30 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | VEHICLE INCLUDING A LABEL HAVING PREDECUTED PATTERNS AND LABEL THEREFOR |
EP2368811B1 (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2012-08-22 | Generale Biscuit | Resealable packaging for food products and method of manufacturing |
US9656783B2 (en) | 2010-05-18 | 2017-05-23 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Reclosable flexible packaging and methods for manufacturing same |
ES2525843T3 (en) | 2010-05-18 | 2014-12-30 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Flexible container repeatedly closable and manufacturing methods |
EP2942290B1 (en) | 2011-03-17 | 2016-09-14 | Intercontinental Great Brands LLC | Reclosable flexible film package and method of manufacture |
US9296510B2 (en) | 2013-02-01 | 2016-03-29 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Tear tab closure strip |
US9248469B2 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2016-02-02 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Closure seal |
US11383908B2 (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2022-07-12 | Bemis Company, Inc. | Tamper-evident reclosable packages |
WO2018089991A1 (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2018-05-17 | Bemis Company, Inc. | Finger-proof labels for packages |
US11263927B2 (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2022-03-01 | Custom Security Industries Inc. | Tamper evident label and article incorporating the same |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE149317C (en) * | ||||
US1791352A (en) * | 1928-11-30 | 1931-02-03 | Colonnese Pascual | Inviolable fastening or closure applicable to envelopes and wrappers in general |
US1895236A (en) * | 1931-04-24 | 1933-01-24 | Mcquay Norris Mfg Co | Package and method of forming same |
GB2156767A (en) * | 1984-04-05 | 1985-10-16 | Sig Schweiz Industrieges | Package for slab shaped food |
EP0298054A2 (en) * | 1987-07-02 | 1989-01-04 | Sales S.p.A. | Device for opening and closing sealed packets containing food products in pieces, particularly sweets and the like |
Family Cites Families (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2013299A (en) * | 1935-01-21 | 1935-09-03 | James A Byrne | Seal |
US2110815A (en) * | 1936-03-25 | 1938-03-08 | Scott Paper Co | Roll wrapping machine |
US2182700A (en) * | 1938-06-06 | 1939-12-05 | Edward A Muller | Apparatus for packaging products |
US2218292A (en) * | 1938-12-12 | 1940-10-15 | Edward A Muller | Wrapping and sealing machine |
US2218293A (en) * | 1939-02-23 | 1940-10-15 | Edward A Muller | Apparatus for wrapping articles |
US2383664A (en) * | 1941-06-20 | 1945-08-28 | Redington Co F B | Wrapping machine |
US2666542A (en) * | 1948-05-24 | 1954-01-19 | Charles S Price | Adhesive metal foil, bottle cap thereof, and method |
US2845728A (en) * | 1957-04-03 | 1958-08-05 | Topflight Corp | Self-destroying pressure sensitive label |
US2938319A (en) * | 1957-11-04 | 1960-05-31 | Paper Converting Machine Co | Apparatus for handling cylindrical objects |
US3524782A (en) * | 1967-03-10 | 1970-08-18 | Duwayne F Buske | Combination protection label and coupon |
US3650210A (en) * | 1970-06-12 | 1972-03-21 | Frank Archer | Method of making theft-proof credit card |
US3854581A (en) * | 1972-04-10 | 1974-12-17 | Monarch Marking Systems Inc | Pressure-sensitive material and supporting material combination |
US3983645A (en) * | 1975-01-08 | 1976-10-05 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Tamper-proof label |
US4184701A (en) * | 1978-02-10 | 1980-01-22 | Monarch Marking Systems, Inc. | Tamper proof label |
US4309468A (en) * | 1981-01-08 | 1982-01-05 | Monarch Marking Systems, Inc. | Composite label web |
US4547001A (en) * | 1983-09-19 | 1985-10-15 | Sam Allenberg | Pressure sensitive label with surface conforming lobes |
DE3444950A1 (en) * | 1984-12-10 | 1986-06-12 | Otto Hänsel GmbH, 3000 Hannover | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A PACKAGING FOR TABLETOUS GOODS, IN PARTICULAR FOR CHOCOLATE TABLETS, AND THE TABLETACK PACKAGED THEREFORE |
CH666010A5 (en) * | 1985-03-11 | 1988-06-30 | Sig Schweiz Industrieges | PACKAGING FOR A TABLED PRODUCT, IN PARTICULAR A CHOCOLATE TABLE. |
US4787158A (en) * | 1985-08-22 | 1988-11-29 | Vitol Matt J | Easy removal tamper-indicating label |
US4679693A (en) * | 1986-05-14 | 1987-07-14 | Harold Forman | Label resealing container |
US4733521A (en) * | 1986-05-20 | 1988-03-29 | Highland Supply Corporation | Cover forming apparatus |
CH672467A5 (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1989-11-30 | Sig Schweiz Industrieges | |
DE3719610C1 (en) * | 1987-06-12 | 1988-12-22 | Haensel Otto Gmbh | Single-case packaging for tabular goods, in particular chocolate bars, and methods for their production |
US4859521A (en) * | 1987-07-16 | 1989-08-22 | Century Adhesives Corp. | Cold-seal adhesives and comestible packages formed therewith |
US4810745A (en) * | 1987-07-16 | 1989-03-07 | Century Adhesives Corp. | Cold-seal adhesives and comestible packages formed therewith |
US5141150A (en) * | 1990-01-25 | 1992-08-25 | Seal Spout Corporation | Pouring spout |
GB9312275D0 (en) * | 1993-06-15 | 1993-07-28 | Wellcome Found | Cap for a container |
US5616400A (en) * | 1995-11-20 | 1997-04-01 | Century International Adhesives & Coating Corporation | Cold seal adhesives, cold sealable films and packages formed therewith |
CH691255A5 (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 2001-06-15 | Soremartec Sa | Wrapping machine with sheet material. |
US5732979A (en) * | 1996-07-10 | 1998-03-31 | Specialty Store Services, Inc. | Security label system |
US6349828B1 (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 2002-02-26 | Ferris Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Tamper evident packaging |
US5893587A (en) * | 1997-08-12 | 1999-04-13 | Wong; Ka Hei | Tamper indicating label |
US6099872A (en) * | 1998-04-22 | 2000-08-08 | Whetstone, Jr.; Henry M. | Edible and non-edible product |
US6276725B1 (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2001-08-21 | The Standard Register Company | Automation friendly security labels for specimen container |
US6589622B1 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2003-07-08 | Prime Label & Screen, Inc. | Resealable label flap including tamper evident tab |
-
2003
- 2003-08-08 US US10/636,648 patent/US20040112010A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-08 WO PCT/US2003/024701 patent/WO2004014750A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-08-08 AU AU2003261426A patent/AU2003261426A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-08 CA CA002494589A patent/CA2494589A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE149317C (en) * | ||||
US1791352A (en) * | 1928-11-30 | 1931-02-03 | Colonnese Pascual | Inviolable fastening or closure applicable to envelopes and wrappers in general |
US1895236A (en) * | 1931-04-24 | 1933-01-24 | Mcquay Norris Mfg Co | Package and method of forming same |
GB2156767A (en) * | 1984-04-05 | 1985-10-16 | Sig Schweiz Industrieges | Package for slab shaped food |
EP0298054A2 (en) * | 1987-07-02 | 1989-01-04 | Sales S.p.A. | Device for opening and closing sealed packets containing food products in pieces, particularly sweets and the like |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1587047A1 (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2005-10-19 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Optically variable tamper evident device |
NL1027365C2 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-01 | Jolanda Jantin Wessels-Overweg | Security device for preventing unauthorized use of e.g. clothes, comprises plate secured to article and becoming irreversibly damaged if article is used or plate is removed |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2494589A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
AU2003261426A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
US20040112010A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
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