WO2004011850A1 - Procede agricole perfectionne - Google Patents

Procede agricole perfectionne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004011850A1
WO2004011850A1 PCT/US2003/024004 US0324004W WO2004011850A1 WO 2004011850 A1 WO2004011850 A1 WO 2004011850A1 US 0324004 W US0324004 W US 0324004W WO 2004011850 A1 WO2004011850 A1 WO 2004011850A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter cake
mill
feed
dried
cyclone
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/024004
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
George Wayne Cavin
Gidion Thomas Roark
Original Assignee
George Wayne Cavin
Gidion Thomas Roark
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by George Wayne Cavin, Gidion Thomas Roark filed Critical George Wayne Cavin
Priority to AU2003261323A priority Critical patent/AU2003261323A1/en
Publication of WO2004011850A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004011850A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • This invention relates, generally, to a method of producing an agricultural feed from the waste of an agricultural milling process.
  • this invention is useful both in the field of waste disposal and handling, and in producing agricultural feed product for livestock.
  • the preferred embodiment refers specifically to a method of producing an agricultural feed from the waste of the sugar cane milling process, but the method may also be employed on other agricultural mill waste products, such as filter cake from breweries and ethanol production facilities.
  • Sugar cane processing includes several stages. In the initial stage the harvested cane stalks are sent to a raw sugar cane mill where they are crushed by a series of roller-mills. Water is added to improve juice extraction; this increases the weight of the diluted juice to between 90 and 96% of the weight of the milled cane.
  • the extracted sugar cane juice is placed in sedimentation tanks, called clarifiers. After two to three hours, the resulting "clarified" juice is sent to the evaporators where it is concentrated to a syrup. The sediment which collects in the clarifiers is known as clarifier mud.
  • Bagasse a fibrous residue of approximately 50% dry matter, is screened through rotary or vibrating sieves to sift out finer particles called bagasse pith. Most of the remaining bagasse is burned in the mill to produce steam and electricity to operate the factory.
  • the syrup meanwhile, undergoes a progressive series of steps in the vacuum pans to produce industrial raw sugar A and B, combined to form commercial raw sugar, non-commercial raw sugar C (low-grade or crystal seed-sugar) and final or C molasses.
  • the final or C molasses is pumped out of the mill.
  • Approximately two-third's of the C sugar (crystal seed-sugar) is dissolved and incorporated in the original syrup.
  • the A and B commercial raw sugar can be bagged or sent to the refinery.
  • the amount is insignificant and generally if the refinery is part of the sugar factory it is simply deposited in the C molasses tanks. The entire process for the production of raw sugar, from start to finish, requires 20-28 hours.
  • the raw sugar production process is carried out at mills located near the fields from which the cane is harvested. Some raw sugar is brought to sugar refineries for processing into white table sugar, powdered sugar, and other refined sugar products/
  • the milling process operates seasonally with the harvest of the cane. Traditionally sugar mills will run continuously without interruption for a period of several weeks until the processing, commonly known as the grinding season, is complete. Not only does the milling process create a non-stop flow of the desired end products, it also creates a huge supply of the undesirable by-products. One of those by-products is known as mill filter cake.
  • Mill filter cake is the waste which is trapped against the screen cylinders through which the juice is pulled by vacuum. This step is the last attempt to extract sugar content from the cane pith and clarifier mud which was generated during the milling process.
  • the mill filter cake is to be distinguished from the filter residue which might be collected in the refining process.
  • the residue collected during the refining process will have a higher lime content because of the high amounts of lime used to crystallize the sugar during the refining process.
  • the mill filter cake creates a significant disposal problem for the mills.
  • Mill filter cake is similarly created in many other types of agricultural processing facilities, including breweries and ethanol treatment plants.
  • a process for converting mill filter cake into a stable, agricultural food product begins with receiving the mill filter cake not later than 48 hours after the cake has been taken from the vacuum press cylinders.
  • the cake material is then dried to less than 12% by weight. Once dried the material will be usable as a highly nutritious agricultural feed for several species of domestic animals and fish.
  • the cake material is dried using a cyclonic drier.
  • the material is pelletized after drying.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the agricultural feed produced by the claimed method resists moisture absorption and remains at a moisture content at or below 12%.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the agricultural feed produced by the claimed method can be used alone as a feed or can be combined with other known feed ingredients for variations in taste or nutritional content.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the agricultural feed produced by the claimed method can be transported easily by blowing, by conveyor, by auger, or by flowing.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the agricultural feed produced by the claimed method can be easily packaged.
  • a further advantage of the invention as it applies to sugar cane mill filter cake is that livestock find the agricultural feed made from dried filter cake particularly appealing.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view showing part of the sugar cane milling process.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of a filter press.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a cyclonic drier used in a preferred method of the 20 invention.
  • Figure 4 is a chart showing the test results of a sample batch of the product made by the - claimed process.
  • Figure 5 is a chart showing the test results of a sample batch of the product blended with whole cracked cottonseed as compared to other feed products.
  • the whole cracked cottonseed analyzed is untreated but may include both linted and delinted cottonseed.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the preferred embodiment of the cyclonic dryer configured for use in the preferred method of the invention.
  • Figure 7 is an overhead view of the preferred embodiment of the cyclonic dryer configured for use in the preferred method of the invention.
  • Figure 1 depicts a plan view showing some of the steps in sugar cane milling. It is important to understand the difference between sugar cane milling and sugar refining.
  • the desired end products of sugar cane milling are molasses and raw sugar crystals. Raw sugar crystals are larger than the refined sugar crystals which are recognizable as table sugar.
  • Cane mill system 1 is partially depicted in plan view in Figure 1.
  • the first step in the processing of sugar is the cutting of the cane stalks.
  • the next step is to crush the cut stalks in a series of crushers 2, and the resulting sugar juice is collected by pans under crushers 2.
  • the raw sugar juice flows from crushers 2 to clarifiers 5 via juice conduit 4.
  • the bagasse is carried away from crushers 2 by bagasse conveyor 3 for disposal or further use.
  • the raw sugar juice contains many impurities which will settle out to the bottoms of clarifiers 5. These impurities include bagasse fibers, mud, dirt, pith, and cork pieces.
  • the clarified juice flows over the chamber walls for further crystallization into raw sugar crystals.
  • the material which settles to the bottoms of clarifiers 5 is known as clarifier mud.
  • the clarifier mud is moved from clarifiers 5 to one or more filter presses 6.
  • the clarifier mud which is in a slurry form, is brought against the exterior of filter press 6.
  • a vacuum is pulling the clarifier mud against the cylindrical shaped screen 21 of filter press 6.
  • the usable juices are pulled through screen 21 and are circulated back into the milling process for crystallization.
  • mill filter cake The material which collects against filter press 6 is known as mill filter cake.
  • this mill filter cake is moved by screw auger, pump, or other means from filter press 6 via filter press conduit 22 to cyclonic dryer 7.
  • the mill filter cake will have a moisture content of approximately 50-60%.
  • the inventors herein have discovered that the mill filter cake should be dried not later than 48 hours after being generated at filter press 6. If the mill filter cake is dried more than 48 hours after its creation the degrading processes may have gone too far and the mill filter cake will likely be unsuitable for the uses described herein.
  • the bacteria act on the sugar content of the mill filter cake.
  • Those skilled in the art may desire to use the method to treat the mill filter cake not to make it into feed, but only for the purpose of preventing it from being classified as hazardous or toxic waste. If reducing disposal costs is the only goal, those skilled in the art could treat the mill filter cake more than 48 hours after its creation. However, in that situation the treated material would probably be unusable as feed because of the bacteria acting upon the sugar in the mill filter cake. The bacteria lower the overall sugar content of the mill filter cake, lessening the dried cake's effectiveness as a feed. In a particularly preferred embodiment the mill filter cake is treated within 24 hours of its creation in the milling process so that the sugar content will be high, increasing the effectiveness of the dried cake as a feed. In addition to providing nutritional value, the high sugar content apparently makes the feed more appealing to livestock by stimulating their tastebuds.
  • the preferred method of drying the mill filter cake is by the use of cyclonic dryer 7 depicted in Figure 3.
  • the mill filter cake will enter cyclonic dryer 7 at hopper 8 and be routed into drying chamber 14.
  • Vane chamber 9, drying chamber 14, and rotary mill 13 are sealed from the atmospheric pressure by airlock 19.
  • Vane chamber 9 is fluidly connected to blower 10 and heater 11. Blower 10 draws air from the atmosphere through heater 11 via heater conduit 17 into blower 10, and further into vane chamber 9.
  • the heated air entering vane chamber 9 will be in the temperature range of 300° to 500°F and at a speed of approximately 600 to 700 mph.
  • Nane chamber 9 is radially shaped and includes a plurality of spirally oriented vanes (not shown).
  • the air in vane chamber 9 moves in an upward spiraling manner through drying chamber 14 so as to lift the mill filter cake entering drying chamber 14 from airlock 19.
  • the mill filter cake moves out of drying chamber into rotary mill 13 in a spiraling pattern so as promote more even heating of the mill filter cake.
  • cyclone 15 From rotary mill 13 the mill filter cake moves into cyclone 15, which is fluidly connected to rotary mill 13.
  • the air - mill filter cake mixture in the top portion of cyclone 15 will be moving in a spiral and downward path. Centrifugal force will cause the moisture in the mixture to move out of cyclone 15, via moisture conduit 23, through damper 20, and into air scrubber 18. The moisture will be trapped in air scrubber 18.
  • the now-dried mill filter cake will exit cyclone 15 at cyclone lower aperture 16.
  • the efficiency of the cyclonic dryer 7 may be further enhanced by recycling the airstream from moisture conduit 23 back into the heating cycle, after the airstream has been stripped of moisture.
  • the invention of the present method involves a heating mechanism, a transport mechanism, a mill mechanism, and a dryer mechanism which extracts water from the process (along with an optional heat recycling mechanism).
  • heat and driving force are supplied as hot air from the heater 11 and the blower 10 are channeled through the vane chamber 9 into the drying chamber 14. This heats the filter cake, causing much of the water to evaporate, while transporting the filter cake to the rotary mill 13.
  • the filter cake is ground, producing a more uniform product, while also enhancing the drying effect of the cyclonic dryer 7 by providing the heated air with additional surface area upon which to act.
  • the process is completed as the filter cake enters the cyclone 15, in which moisture is pulled from the filter cake.
  • Heat may also be recycled from the cyclone, in order to enhance the efficiency of the cyclonic dryer 7.
  • the configuration of the preferred embodiment of the cyclonic dryer 7 is shown generally in Figures 6 and 7. While the preferred embodiment of the process has been described in terms of sugar cane mill filter cake processing, it is to be understood that it would apply generally to the processing of any sort of agricultural mill filter cake.
  • the mill filter cake should be dried so that its moisture content is no greater than 12% by weight. Once dried to this level, the dried cake material is stabilized and will not degrade further as it would otherwise do if left with a higher moisture content. Additionally, a su ⁇ rising benefit is that the mill filter cake, once dried to a moisture content of 12 % or less, will not absorb additional moisture and will actually continue to dry so as to further reduce the moisture content.
  • the dried cake can be used directly as a feed for cattle, horses, or other livestock.
  • the dried cake can be used in several forms.
  • the dried cake can be used alone as a feed in a powder form.
  • the inventors have observed that the dried feed from sugar cane mill filter cake is particularly attractive to livestock as a food source.
  • the dried cake is blended with other feed products.
  • the dried cake, alone or in a blended form is re-moistened, typically with steam, and pelletized.
  • cyclonic dryer 7 While it .is particularly preferred to use cyclonic dryer 7 to dry the mill filter cake, those skilled in the art may wish to use other methods of drying the mill filter cake to the desired moisture level. Other drying methods which might be employed include a rotary kiln or flashing. Flashing is accomplished by putting the mill filer cake into a chamber such that the mill filter cake experiences a sudden drop in pressure which in turn lowers the boiling point of the moisture present in the material. Evaporation of the moisture quickly occurs. However, flashing requires larger amounts of energy and is not as efficient as the preferred methods described herein.
  • the preferred embodiment of the cyclonic dryer 7 is a more cost effective means through which to dispose of filter cake waste, and this cost effectiveness allows this waste product to be utilized as an especially marketable feed product. In this way, the present method can turn what was a sunk cost of doing business (i.e. the cost of disposing of the hazardous waste product of the agricultural mill process) into a revenue generating source.
  • the dried cake can be used alone as a feed or can be combined with other conventional feed products. It should be. understood that it is not required that the dried cake be used as feed in order to practice the inventive method and product claimed herein. Even if one decided not to use the end product as a feed, one could use the claimed process to change the mill filter cake into a more stable material so as to reduce the handling and disposal costs.
  • the mill filter cake Under environmental regulations the mill filter cake, left in its unaltered state, is a Class 13 sludge with the attendant disposal costs of such a substance.
  • the claimed method will convert the mill filter cake into a Class A sludge which, even if not used as feed, can be disposed of for a lesser cost.
  • Untreated mill filter cake emits noxious odors. Once the mill filter cake has been treated by the method claimed herein, it no longer emits such odors. The elimination of the odor will of course promote better relations between a sugar cane mill and nearby residents.
  • Testing of one particular sample of the dried cake prepared using the method described herein revealed the following percentage amounts (based on weight) of substances within the dried cake.
  • the percentages for some of the substances were: moisture - 4.1%; Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) - 64%; crude protein - 4.9%; acid detergent fiber -44.5%; neutral detergent fiber - 52.0%; sugar - 9.5%; crude fat - 2.5 %; calcium - 0.99%; phosphorus - 0.40%; magnesium - 0.30%; and sodium - 0.093%.
  • the sample also contained 8990 PPM of iron.
  • a complete listing of the components of the dried cake feed are shown in Figure 4.
  • the dried cake feed contains only trace elements of those pesticides which may have been used on the sugar cane during its growth. It is believed that the combination of the milling process and the novel drying method described herein produce a product whose pesticide levels are within the regulatory limits.
  • the dried cake feed eliminates the need for sugar cane mills to pay for disposal costs of the mill filter cake. In contrast, the cost for treating the mill filter cake with the claimed method will be lower than the disposal costs, and resulting product can be sold. There will also be an overall energy savings as well because the energy for drying is lower than that expended for handling, transportation, and disposal. Because the mill filter cake is about 50-60% water, the amount of dried cake feed which can be produced is approximately half of the mill filter cake being processed.
  • the inventors have discovered that there is a particular synergistic effect when the dried cake is combined with any feed which is high in protein and high in fat.
  • One such feed which seems to create a particularly effective feed when combined with the dried cake is whole cracked cotton seed.
  • the whole cracked cottonseed which is used is untreated and can include both linted and delinted cottonseed.
  • Figure 5 shows the percentage amounts for the important components of feed and compares the dried cake feed and the 50%-50% dried cake - cotton seed feed to other common feed products. It is expected that these same types of results would be achieved if the dried cake were blended with fish meal.
  • Samples of dried feed cake dried according to the invention were stored in two different storage conditions. One sample was stored in a warehouse and another sample was stored in a feed silo. After several months of storage in these conditions, the samples did not sour and actually showed a drop in moisture content.
  • a method for processing mill filter cake comprising:
  • blower, heater and said vane chamber being adapted to lift said mill filter cake from said drying chamber up into said rotary mill;

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un procédé perfectionné de produit agricole pour l'alimentation des animaux et son procédé de production. Le procédé comprend l'obtention d'un tourteau de filtre de broyeur dérivé du procédé de traitement de la canne à sucre brute pas plus de 48 heures après la génération du tourteau de filtre de broyeur. On effectue ensuite le séchage du tourteau de filtre de broyeur de manière à ramener sa teneur en eau à une valeur égale ou inférieure à 12 %. Une fois séché à ce niveau le produit obtenu ne va pas se fermenter et va rester stable et résister à l'absorption davantage d'humidité. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré le tourteau de filtre de broyeur le tourteau de filtre de broyeur est mis à sécher dans une unité de séchage à cyclone. D'autres modes de réalisation préférés comprennent la granulation du produit pour l'alimentation des animaux et sa combinaison avec d'autres produits connus pour l'alimentation des animaux pour produire des produits mélangés pour l'alimentation des animaux.
PCT/US2003/024004 2002-07-31 2003-07-31 Procede agricole perfectionne WO2004011850A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003261323A AU2003261323A1 (en) 2002-07-31 2003-07-31 Improved agricultural method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US21014402A 2002-07-31 2002-07-31
US10/210,144 2002-07-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004011850A1 true WO2004011850A1 (fr) 2004-02-05

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007143713A2 (fr) * 2006-06-07 2007-12-13 Symcore Technologies, Inc. Nouvelle méthode d'obtention d'acides et d'alcools gras aliphatiques à longue chaîne à partir de moût de sucre de canne et esters cireux correspondants
US8067051B2 (en) 2006-06-19 2011-11-29 Kraft Foods R & D, Inc. Process for milling cocoa shells
US9226515B2 (en) 2004-02-03 2016-01-05 Cargill, Incorporated Protein concentrate and an aqueous stream containing water-soluble carbohydrates
WO2020075102A1 (fr) * 2018-10-12 2020-04-16 Fundacion Universitaria De San Gil - Unisangil Système continu et automatisé pour la pulvérisation et l'homogénéisation de produits à haute teneur en sucres

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4797297A (en) * 1985-09-02 1989-01-10 Sullivan Mark H O Processing of sugar cane product and dried product obtained therefrom

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4797297A (en) * 1985-09-02 1989-01-10 Sullivan Mark H O Processing of sugar cane product and dried product obtained therefrom

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9226515B2 (en) 2004-02-03 2016-01-05 Cargill, Incorporated Protein concentrate and an aqueous stream containing water-soluble carbohydrates
US10154679B2 (en) 2004-02-03 2018-12-18 Cargill, Incorporated Protein concentrate and an aqueous stream containing water-soluble carbohydrates
WO2007143713A2 (fr) * 2006-06-07 2007-12-13 Symcore Technologies, Inc. Nouvelle méthode d'obtention d'acides et d'alcools gras aliphatiques à longue chaîne à partir de moût de sucre de canne et esters cireux correspondants
WO2007143713A3 (fr) * 2006-06-07 2008-08-14 Symcore Technologies Inc Nouvelle méthode d'obtention d'acides et d'alcools gras aliphatiques à longue chaîne à partir de moût de sucre de canne et esters cireux correspondants
US8067051B2 (en) 2006-06-19 2011-11-29 Kraft Foods R & D, Inc. Process for milling cocoa shells
WO2020075102A1 (fr) * 2018-10-12 2020-04-16 Fundacion Universitaria De San Gil - Unisangil Système continu et automatisé pour la pulvérisation et l'homogénéisation de produits à haute teneur en sucres

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