WO2004008680A1 - Procede et appareil de correction d'erreur hybride dans des telecommunications mobiles - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de correction d'erreur hybride dans des telecommunications mobiles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004008680A1
WO2004008680A1 PCT/CN2002/000498 CN0200498W WO2004008680A1 WO 2004008680 A1 WO2004008680 A1 WO 2004008680A1 CN 0200498 W CN0200498 W CN 0200498W WO 2004008680 A1 WO2004008680 A1 WO 2004008680A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
product code
turbo product
data
decoding
space
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2002/000498
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Chundi Xiu
Yi Li
Yonghui Li
Original Assignee
Linkair Communications, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linkair Communications, Inc. filed Critical Linkair Communications, Inc.
Priority to CN02819173.0A priority Critical patent/CN1561604A/zh
Priority to AU2002313866A priority patent/AU2002313866A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2002/000498 priority patent/WO2004008680A1/fr
Publication of WO2004008680A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004008680A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H04L1/0047—Decoding adapted to other signal detection operation
    • H04L1/005—Iterative decoding, including iteration between signal detection and decoding operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0064—Concatenated codes
    • H04L1/0066—Parallel concatenated codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0637—Properties of the code
    • H04L1/0643—Properties of the code block codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1803—Stop-and-wait protocols

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of communication technology, and relates to hybrid error correction in a wireless mobile communication system, and in particular, to a turbo product code (Turbo Product Code, abbreviated as TPC), combined with space-time block coding (Space-time Block Coding, Hybrid automatic retransmission (Hybrid Automatic Repeat ReQuest, or HARQ for short) technology for error correction (specifically STBC) technology, specifically a hybrid error correction method and device for wireless mobile communication.
  • TPC turbo product code
  • space-time block coding Space-time Block Coding, Hybrid automatic retransmission (Hybrid Automatic Repeat ReQuest, or HARQ for short
  • STBC Hybrid Automatic Repeat ReQuest
  • the channel characteristics of wireless mobile communication systems are very complex. Refraction, reflection, multipath, shadowing, Doppler frequency shift, and multiple access interference will cause a variety of fading phenomena, which will seriously affect the performance of wireless communication systems.
  • Diversity technology is one of the most effective techniques to reduce multipath fading in a wireless channel environment. Antenna diversity technology using multiple transmit antennas and / or multiple receive antennas can improve system performance without reducing frequency utilization. With the development of microelectronics technology, mobile phones are becoming lighter and smaller, and it is not easy and economical to install multiple antennas on a limited number of mobile stations.
  • the technology of transmitting data by antennas ie, transmit diversity technology
  • Space-time coding is a technology that integrates transmit diversity and coding.
  • Signals are coded in both the time and space domains. They have good frequency and power efficiency, and can be used without increasing transmission power and without expansion. Realize high-speed data transmission on the premise of frequency band.
  • multi-antenna transmit diversity technology and space-time coding technology have been written into the third-generation mobile communication standard.
  • the transmit diversity technology alone can only obtain some diversity gains, and its performance is far from meeting the errors of existing data transmission services.
  • the code rate and the transmission rate are required, so the transmit diversity technology must be properly combined with the channel coding.
  • a reasonable concatenation of channel coding and space-time coding can obtain coding gain, diversity gain, and an additional coding gain.
  • Turbo code has become the most noticeable channel coding technology in the past ten years due to its strong error correction performance.
  • Typical turbo coding technology solutions include parallel concatenated convolutional codes (Paral lel Concatenated Convolutional Code (PCCC), Serial Concatenated Convolutional Code (SCCC) and Turbo Product Code (TPC).
  • PCCC paral lel Concatenated Convolutional Code
  • SCCC Serial Concatenated Convolutional Code
  • TPC Turbo Product Code
  • a wireless mobile communication system data traffic is desirable to provide higher bit rates, even though the strong performance of Turbo codes can not meet the requirements of high-speed data service is less than the bit error rate of 10-6, in order to achieve reliable transmission of high data rate, third-generation
  • the mobile communication system proposes to use HARQ technology based on the PCCC scheme to implement the error control mechanism at the physical layer to ensure the quality of service.
  • the HARQ method in the prior art mainly includes a Chase combining method and an incremental redundancy (Incremental Redundancy, IR) method based on rate matching truncated turbo (Rate Compatible Punctured Turbo, RCPT) codes.
  • IR incremental Redundancy
  • RCPT Rate matching truncated turbo
  • the disadvantage of this method is that it cannot provide effective system throughput at high channel bit error rates.
  • the IR method is to retransmit different data in response to a negative receipt returned by the receiving end due to a decoding failure.
  • multi-stage Turbo encoders need to be cascaded to generate a low bit rate RCPT code. Therefore, the IR method improves system performance at the cost of increasing system complexity.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid error correction method and device for wireless mobile communication, which uses error control technology to improve system reliability, and at the same time uses diversity technology to reduce multipath fading, and compares HARQ technology with transmit diversity technology.
  • Combining that is, combining HARQ error correction based on Turbo product codes with space-time block coding to use TPC- HARQ / STBC error correction in wireless mobile communications to reduce decoding complexity and decoding delay, And reduce the overhead of the register at the receiving end; so that the system can obtain effective diversity gain and increase the coding gain.
  • a hybrid error correction method for wireless mobile communication which is characterized in that the encoding of the input bit by the sender includes Turbo product code encoding and space-time block code encoding;
  • the decoding of the received data by the receiving end includes: iterative decoding between space-time code and Turbo product code; When the receiving end fails to decode the received data, the receiving end sends a negative acknowledgement signal to the sending end; the end sends the same Turbo product codeword repeatedly to respond to the negative returning signal of the receiving end, until the receiving end returns a positive receipt to the sending end. signal;
  • the receiving end When the receiving end decodes the received data successfully, the receiving end feeds back a positive acknowledgement signal to the sending end and receives the frame data, and the decoding ends.
  • the encoding of the input bits by the transmitting end includes Turbo product code encoding and space-time block code encoding refers to: The transmitting end performs concatenated encoding of turbo product code encoding and space-time block code encoding of the input bits; when encoding, input The bit is subjected to turbo product code encoding, the data encoded by the turbo product code is interleaved, and the interleaved data is encoded using space-time block code.
  • the decoding of the received data by the receiving end includes the iterative decoding between the space-time code and the Turbo product code refers to: the receiving end combines the received data corresponding to different transmitting antennas and the repeated code words of the Turbo product code. And iterate with Turbo product code decoding to achieve joint decoding; during decoding, the data decoded with Turbo product code needs to undergo de-interleaving processing.
  • the sender performs CRC encoding on the input bits
  • the concatenated encoding of the CRC-encoded bits by Turbo product code encoding and space-time block code encoding that is, the turbo product code encoding is performed on the CRC-checked bits, and the data encoded by the Turbo product code is interleaved.
  • the modulated and spread signal is transmitted to a fading channel.
  • the receiving end receives a signal transmitted through the fading channel, and performs despreading and demodulation processing on the received signal;
  • the received data and Turbo product code repeat codewords are Chase-merged, and cascaded iteratively with Turbo product code decoding to achieve decoding, where: The data decoded by Turbo product code needs to be deinterleaved; translation The coded data is subjected to a CRC check and the data is output.
  • the Chase merge can be merged by a maximum ratio merge algorithm.
  • the hybrid error correction method for wireless mobile communication may further include: when the transmitting end sends the codeword A on the two transmitting antennas for the first time at the same time (step 401);
  • the receiver performs Chase merging of the received codewords A * and A ** with different fading, and the decoding (step 402);
  • step 403 If the CRC is checked (step 403) and the decoding is correct, the frame data is accepted, and a positive acknowledgement is sent back to the sender (step 410);
  • the originator After the originator receives the first negative receipt, it retransmits codeword A (step 405);
  • the receiving end combines the newly received A *, A ** with the receiving end buffer A *, A ** to obtain a maximum ratio B * (step 406);
  • the data frame is accepted (step 410);
  • the new A * and A ** are also stored in the cache and wait for the next combined decoding from the original A * and A **.
  • the negative receipt is fed back to the originator to request retransmission (step 409);
  • a hybrid error correction device for wireless mobile communication includes: a transmitting device and a receiving device, characterized in that the transmitting device includes at least a turbo product code encoder and a space-time block code encoder cascaded encoding device for inputting Encoding
  • the receiving device includes at least: a joint decoding device of a turbo product code and a space-time block code to code received data.
  • the cascaded encoding device of the Turbo product code encoder and the space-time block code encoder includes: a turbo product code encoder, an inner interleaver, and a space-time block code encoder; wherein:
  • the signal to be encoded is the input of the Turbo product code encoder
  • the output of the Turbo product code encoder is the input of the inner interleaver
  • the output of the inner interleaver is the input of the space-time block code encoder
  • the output of the space-time block code encoder is encoded After the data.
  • the combined decoding device for a turbo product code and a space-time block code includes: a combiner, an de-interleaver, and a turbo product code decoder, wherein:
  • the receiving device sends the received data corresponding to different transmitting antennas and the repeated codewords of the Turbo product code to the combiner, and iterates between the output data of the combiner and the output data of the Turbo product code decoder to realize joint decoding; At the time of decoding, the output of the deinterleaver is the input of the turbo product code decoder.
  • the transmitting device further includes: a CRC encoder and a modulation spreading device; wherein: the input bit is an input of the CRC encoder;
  • the output of the CRC encoder is the input of the concatenated encoding device of the Turbo product code encoder and the space-time block code encoder;
  • the encoded data is the input of the modulation and spread spectrum device
  • the modulation spread spectrum device can output data.
  • the receiving device further includes: a despreading and demodulating device and a CRC decoder; wherein: a signal transmitted through the fading channel is an input of the despreading and demodulating device;
  • the output of the despreading and demodulating device is the input of a joint decoding device of a turbo product code and a space-time block code;
  • the decoded data is stolen by the CRC decoder
  • the CRC decoder can output data.
  • the hybrid error correction device for wireless mobile communication is characterized in that the transmitting device further includes: a CRC encoder and a modulation spreading device; wherein: the input bit is the input of the CRC encoder; and the CRC encoding
  • the output of the encoder is Turbo product code encoder and space-time block code encoding Input of the cascade coding device of the decoder; the encoded data is the input of the modulation and spreading device; the modulation and spreading device can output data to the fading channel;
  • the receiving device further includes: a despreading and demodulating device and a CRC decoder; wherein: a signal transmitted through the fading channel is an input of the despreading and demodulating device; an output of the despreading and demodulating device is a Turbo product code and a space; The input of the joint decoding device of the time block code; the decoded data is the input of the CRC decoder; the CRC decoder can output data and can feed back the data to the Turbo product code encoder and space-time block code encoding Encoder's cascade encoding device.
  • the TPC-HARQ / STBC method of the present invention is characterized in that: the channel coding adopts a TPC coding scheme, the transmission diversity technique uses a STBC scheme, and the hybrid ARQ mechanism uses a similar Chase combination method, that is, the sending end repeatedly sends the same
  • the TPC codeword responds to the negative receipt returned by the receiver due to the decoding failure.
  • the receiver first uses the Chase merge algorithm to implement a similar multipath merge on the received data and retransmitted data of the two antennas through different fading, and then combines with TPC decoding is cascaded and iterated to obtain coding gain and diversity gain at the same time, thereby improving the reliability and effectiveness of the system, and reasonably optimizing and improving the entire system in terms of performance and complexity.
  • TPC- HARQ / STBC since the TPC coding scheme has a simple code structure design, the decoding complexity and decoding delay are reduced, and the overhead of the register at the receiving end is reduced. And because this method combines STBC's diversity technology, which is easy to construct and simple to decode, the system obtains effective diversity gain. In addition, because iterative decoding between TPC and STBC is used, the coding gain is improved.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a code division multiple access system using the device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a structural block diagram of a cascade coding device applied to the device of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a structural block diagram of a joint decoding device corresponding to the device of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a working flowchart of a system for implementing the method of the present invention.
  • the method and device according to the present invention can also be referred to as a TPC- HARQ / STBC-based method and device, which can be applied to any wireless system that needs to provide high-rate data transmission services.
  • the following describes a code division multiple access system, and more specifically, a physical layer of the system as an example, to describe the present invention for high-speed packet data services.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a code division multiple access system using a device of the present invention (TPC-HARQ / STBC).
  • the system transmitter includes a CRC encoder 10, a TPC / STBC cascade encoder 11, a QPSK modulation spreading device 12 and 13.
  • the sender sends the information bits to be transmitted into the CRC encoder 10 in a fixed length frame, and adds a check bit for error detection (the system should design the CRC check bit long enough so that the undetectable probability is allowed by the system design The range can be ignored).
  • the TPC / STBC cascade encoder 11 is formed by serially concatenating a TPC encoder and an STBC encoder through an inner interleaver, and is used to implement channel coding and transmit diversity.
  • the two sets of orthogonal signals output by the coding are sent to the two transmitting antennas to complete the modulation and spreading operations in the spread-spectrum QPSK modulators 12, 13, respectively, and then reach the system receiving device via different fading channels 14, 15.
  • the system receiver consists of despreading demodulator 16 and 17, TPC / STBC joint decoder 18, and CRC decoder 19.
  • the despreading demodulator 16, 17 first performs the despreading and demodulating function on the received data after two different fadings.
  • TPC / STBC joint decoder 18 Iterative decoding between STBC and TPC is realized by using soft information transfer between the combiner and TPC decoder.
  • the receiving end uses the CRC decoder 19 to detect errors. If the decoding is correct, it receives the data and feeds back an ACK (Acknowledge) signal to notify the sending end; otherwise, if the decoding is wrong, the receiving end will fail to decode correctly.
  • the codeword is stored in the receiving buffer, and a NAK signal is fed back to the sending end through a feedback channel, and a retransmission of the codeword is requested.
  • FIG. 2 a TPC / STBC concatenated coding structure applied to the device of the present invention (TPC-HARQ / STBC) is shown.
  • the TPC encoder 21 selects a subcode for encoding according to a code rate required by the design, and extracts possible truncation operations.
  • the encoded TPC codeword passes through the interleaver 22 and enters the STBC encoder 23, thereby forming two sets of orthogonal signals corresponding to the two transmitting antennas Tx1 and Tx2.
  • FIG. 3 shows a TPC / STBC iterative decoding structure corresponding to the cascade coding scheme in FIG. 2.
  • the combiner 31 combines the currently received two sets of data with different fading with the data previously stored in the receiving buffer.
  • the TPC decoder 32 decodes the combined data using the PML algorithm. At the same time, the two The iterative process is completed through the mutual transmission of soft information.
  • TPC- HARQ / STBC The system work flow for implementing the method of the present invention (TPC- HARQ / STBC) is shown in Figure 4.
  • the specific implementation process of the TPC- HARQ / STBC method of the present invention is as follows:
  • the transmitting end simultaneously transmits the codeword A on two transmitting antennas for the first time (step 401), and the receiving end pairs the received different fading codewords A * and A ** performs merge decoding (step 402), if the CRC check (step 403) considers that the decoding is correct, the frame data is accepted and a positive acknowledgement is returned to the sender (step 410); otherwise, if A * is found Or if there is an uncorrectable error in A **, then it is stored in the receiving buffer and fed back to the sender with a negative receipt request for retransmission (step 404).
  • the transmitting end After receiving the first negative acknowledgement, the transmitting end retransmits the codeword A (step 405), and the receiving end combines the newly received A *, A ** and A *, A ** in the receiving end buffer to obtain the maximum ratio. B * (step 406), and then send it to the TPC decoder for error correction (step 407), and then perform a CRC check (step 408). If the decoding is successful, the data frame is accepted (step 410); otherwise If the decoding fails, the new A * and A ** are also stored in the cache and are waiting for the next combined decoding from the original A * and A **. At the same time, the negative receipt is fed back to the originator to request retransmission ( Step 409), this process continues until the data frame is received correctly.
  • the TPC- HARQ / STBC method proposed by the present invention is an effective hybrid error correction method given by concatenating TPC and STBC. It uses a combination of TPC coding and STBC scheme, which can provide better system performance. This method has the following advantages.
  • the TPC scheme is used for channel coding.
  • a two-dimensional TPC encoding scheme composed of two linear block codes is selected, and a pseudo maximum likelihood (Pseudo Maximum Likelihood, abbreviated as PML) algorithm is used for TPC decoding.
  • PML pseudo Maximum Likelihood
  • the system can obtain a more flexible TPC code rate by selecting subcodes reasonably and truncating them appropriately. J. Hagenauer pointed out in [1] that when the bit rate is greater than 2/3 , the performance of the TPC scheme is better than the PCCC scheme.
  • TPC is more suitable for short frame structures.
  • the STBC scheme is used for the transmission diversity technology. STBC has the advantages of simple structure and low decoding complexity. Combining with STBC can effectively reduce fading and improve system performance.
  • the transmitting end adopts a TPC and STBC cascading scheme, and the receiving end receives the reception corresponding to different transmitting antennas.
  • the data and TPC repeated codewords are Chase-combined, and concatenated and iterated with TPC decoding.
  • the maximum ratio combining algorithm is used to implement Chase combining.
  • Document [2] shows that iterative decoding between TPC and space-time coding can achieve a coding gain other than diversity gain with a lower system implementation complexity. This is also the core idea of the present invention.
  • the first advantage is that the TPC-HARQ / STBC method uses the TPC scheme. Compared with the PCCC scheme, its simple code structure and better decoding algorithm simplify the encoding and decoding equipment and speed up the decoding process. speed. In addition, because the software and hardware of TPC coding and decoding are currently implemented with relatively mature technologies, the system of the present invention can achieve better performance while reducing the complexity of system implementation.
  • the second advantage explains that the TPC-HARQ / STBC method uses the STBC scheme to implement antenna diversity in a simple and effective manner and obtain a good diversity gain.
  • the third advantage explains that the TPC-HARQ / STBC method concatenates channel coding and space-time coding reasonably, and obtains diversity gain and coding gain at the same time through an efficient combination algorithm and decoding algorithm, and an additional coding gain .
  • TPC-HARQ / STBC the method and device of the present invention
  • the TPC coding scheme has a simple code structure design, reduces decoding complexity and decoding delay, and reduces the overhead of the register at the receiving end.
  • this method combines the diversity technique that is easy to construct and simple to decode, such as STBC, the system obtains effective diversity gain.
  • iterative decoding between TPC and STBC is used, the coding gain is improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Error Detection And Correction (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un appareil de correction d'erreur hybride dans des systèmes de télécommunications mobiles. Le codage des bits d'entrée par l'unité d'origine comprend un codage par code produit turbo et un codage par bloc spatio-temporel; le décodage des données reçues par le module de terminaison comprend un décodage itératif entre le code bloc spatio-temporel et le code produit turbo; lorsque le décodage appliqué aux données reçues par le module de terminaison est infructueux, le module de terminaison renvoie un signal d'accusé de réception négatif au module d'origine; le module d'origine répond à ce signal d'accusé de réception négatif de rétroaction du module de terminaison en envoyant le même code produit turbo de manière répétée jusqu'à ce que le module de terminaison renvoie un signal d'accusé de réception au module d'origine; lorsque le décodage des données reçues par le module de terminaison est fructueux, le module de terminaison renvoie un signal d'accusé de réception au module d'origine et reçoit la trame de données, et le décodage est achevé. Ceci permet de réduire la complexité et le délai d'attente pour le décodage, de même que le coût en nombre de registres du module de terminaison, et le système peut présenter un gain de diversité efficace. En outre, ce système améliore son gain de codage en adoptant le décodage itératif entre le code bloc spatio-temporel et le code produit turbo.
PCT/CN2002/000498 2002-07-15 2002-07-15 Procede et appareil de correction d'erreur hybride dans des telecommunications mobiles WO2004008680A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN02819173.0A CN1561604A (zh) 2002-07-15 2002-07-15 一种用于无线移动通信的混合纠错方法及装置
AU2002313866A AU2002313866A1 (en) 2002-07-15 2002-07-15 Method and apparatus for hybrid error correction in mobile telecommunications
PCT/CN2002/000498 WO2004008680A1 (fr) 2002-07-15 2002-07-15 Procede et appareil de correction d'erreur hybride dans des telecommunications mobiles

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006123996A1 (fr) 2005-05-18 2006-11-23 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procede de desencrage de fibres recyclees et utilisation d'un acide de desencrage

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US5844918A (en) * 1995-11-28 1998-12-01 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Digital transmission/receiving method, digital communications method, and data receiving apparatus
US5946320A (en) * 1995-10-23 1999-08-31 Nokia Mobile Phones Limited Method for transmitting packet data with hybrid FEC/ARG type II
EP1069722A2 (fr) * 1999-07-12 2001-01-17 Hughes Electronics Corporation Système et méthode de communication sans fil avec une architecture par couches temporelle et spatiale, et récepteur pour la détection d'utilisateurs multiples
WO2001011624A1 (fr) * 1999-08-04 2001-02-15 Atop Innovation Spa Memoire de masse amelioree
WO2001037433A1 (fr) * 1999-11-17 2001-05-25 Motorola Inc. Systeme a demande automatique de repetition hybride adaptatif utilisant une structure turbo-code
WO2001054339A1 (fr) * 2000-01-20 2001-07-26 Nortel Networks Limited Projets arq hybrides avec combinaison soft dans la transmission de donnees en paquets a debit variable

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5946320A (en) * 1995-10-23 1999-08-31 Nokia Mobile Phones Limited Method for transmitting packet data with hybrid FEC/ARG type II
US5844918A (en) * 1995-11-28 1998-12-01 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Digital transmission/receiving method, digital communications method, and data receiving apparatus
EP1069722A2 (fr) * 1999-07-12 2001-01-17 Hughes Electronics Corporation Système et méthode de communication sans fil avec une architecture par couches temporelle et spatiale, et récepteur pour la détection d'utilisateurs multiples
WO2001011624A1 (fr) * 1999-08-04 2001-02-15 Atop Innovation Spa Memoire de masse amelioree
WO2001037433A1 (fr) * 1999-11-17 2001-05-25 Motorola Inc. Systeme a demande automatique de repetition hybride adaptatif utilisant une structure turbo-code
WO2001054339A1 (fr) * 2000-01-20 2001-07-26 Nortel Networks Limited Projets arq hybrides avec combinaison soft dans la transmission de donnees en paquets a debit variable

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006123996A1 (fr) 2005-05-18 2006-11-23 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procede de desencrage de fibres recyclees et utilisation d'un acide de desencrage

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CN1561604A (zh) 2005-01-05

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