WO2004008046A1

WO2004008046A1 - Combination of a machine and a sorption heat pump

Info

Publication number: WO2004008046A1
Application number: PCT/EP2003/006723
Authority: WO
Inventors: Detlef Wüsthoff
Original assignee: Enginion Ag
Priority date: 2002-07-10
Filing date: 2003-06-26
Publication date: 2004-01-22
Also published as: AU2003250848A1; DE10231265A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a machine containing a circuit (10) comprising a pump (14) for transporting a liquid working substance, a continuous steam generator (16) for transmitting heat to the working substance, an expansion machine (18) for expanding the working substance, especially water, with work output, and a condenser (36). Said machine is characterised in that the condenser heats the expulsion unit of a sorption process, especially an absorption process (28). Said absorption process can form the basis of a water/water-lithium bromide absorption refrigerating machine. The heat from the used absorber (30) and from the condenser (42) can be used in a heating circuit (58) for operating a heating installation or a hot water installation (56). The evaporation heat from the evaporator (46) can be used by a circuit (48) containing a cooling agent e.g. for air-conditioning (52). A generator (20) can also be provided, which converts the work performed by the expansion machine into electrical energy.

Description

COMBINATION OF A WORKING MACHINE WITH A SORPTION ARM PUMP

Technical field

The invention relates to a work machine comprising a circuit with a pump for conveying a fluid working medium, a heat exchanger for transferring heat to the working medium, an expansion machine for expanding the working medium under work and a condenser.

Such machines are essentially based on a Clausius-Rankine cycle. The working fluid, for example water, is pumped from a reservoir into a heat exchanger using a feed water pump. The heat exchanger is exposed to the hot flue gas flow from a burner. This transfers heat from the flue gas stream to the water in the heat exchanger. The resulting water vapor leaves the heat exchanger under high pressure and is expanded in an expansion machine under work. This can be done in an expansion machine, for example a rotary piston expansion machine. The expansion machine drives a shaft to which a generator for generating electricity can be connected. The vapor, expanded to atmospheric pressure, for example, is cooled and condensed in a condenser.

State of the art

It is known to transfer the waste heat generated in the condenser of such a cycle to a heating circuit and to use it for heating purposes. The Waste heat is used on the one hand for water heating and on the other hand for heating rooms and the like. The known arrangements are able to generate electricity and heating and can therefore be used in building technology.

Disclosure of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide an arrangement which can be used for cooling and which has an improved efficiency compared to the known arrangements.

According to the invention, the object is achieved in that the capacitor is cooled by the driver of a sorption process. Such an arrangement can essentially derive the energy to be used for the subsequent cooling and heating from the waste heat of the condenser and does not require a much more expensive primary energy. The temperature and energy of the expanded steam of a closed steam cycle is still so high that it is sufficient to heat an expeller of a sorption process.

The sorption process can be an absorption process, for example a water-lithium bromide absorption refrigerator. However, other processes are also conceivable. In addition to absorption processes such as water / water lithium bromide or ammonia / water, it is also possible in particular to use adsorption processes which are based, for example, on the use of zeolites.

The absorber can give off heat to a heating circuit to operate a heating or hot water system. Then the waste heat from the sorption process is also used, which further improves the energy balance of the entire supply unit. The sorption process can be part of a refrigeration machine which is connected to an air conditioning or other cooling system. This means that an air conditioning system or a cold store can be operated without burdening the energy supply with electrical energy. In one embodiment of the invention, a generator is operated with the shaft of the expansion machine, which converts the work performed by the expansion machine into electrical energy. Then electrical energy, heating and cooling are provided. This is the so-called low-power coupling. To further improve the energy balance, means for preheating the solvent of the sorption process entering the expeller by means of the heated solvent of the sorption process emerging from the expeller can be provided.

Embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. An embodiment is explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig.l shows schematically a closed steam cycle, in which the

Condenser is cooled by the expeller of a water / water-lithium bromide cycle.

Description of an embodiment

In Fig. 1, 10 generally denotes a closed steam cycle. The cold water is pumped by means of a high-pressure feed water pump 14 driven by a pump drive 12 from a lower pressure P _c 'to a higher pressure level P _v '. The water enters a burner steam generator system 16. The water is pumped through a once-through steam generator which is exposed to the hot flue gas stream of a burner. The heat Q _{B is transferred} to the water for evaporation. The superheated steam, which is under very high pressure, is expanded in a rotary piston expansion machine 18 to the lower pressure level P _c '. This frees up work that drives a shaft. The shaft actuates a generator 20, which generates electrical current. The current is used to supply power 22 to a building 54 and can optionally be fed into a network 16.

The steam leaving the expansion machine 18 enters the expeller 36 of a water / water-lithium bromide absorption refrigeration process to be described below and is condensed there, giving off the heat Q _c '= Q _H. The condensed water is then the Circuit is available again and can be pumped again from the feed water pump 14 to the heat exchanger 16.

In Fig. 1, 28 denotes the solvent circuit of a water lithium bromide absorption cycle. In an absorber 30, an aqueous lithium bromide solution absorbs water. As a result, the solution which is low in working materials, ie concentrated, becomes a solution rich in working materials, ie diluted lithium bromide. The rich solution is pumped by means of a solvent pump 32 from a lower pressure level p _v ^Ö to a higher pressure level p _c ^LÖ . Both pressure levels are below atmospheric pressure. Only a comparatively small amount of energy is required for pumping, since virtually no volume work has to be carried out on the work equipment. The rich solution is preheated in a heat exchanger 34 designed as a temperature changer. The preheated rich solution is then passed through an expeller 36. The waste heat from the expansion cycle process 10 described above is fed to the expeller. This waste heat is sufficient to drive off the water present in the rich solution, ie to generate water vapor at the higher pressure level. The poor, ie concentrated lithium bromide solution leaves the expeller 36 and is used for preheating in the temperature changer 34. The poor solution cooled there is brought to the lower pressure level p _v ^LÖ by means of a throttle 38 and is then available again in the absorber 30.

In the solvent circuit 28 described, the working medium water, which is at a low pressure level p _v ^18, is compressed to a higher pressure level p _c '° on the way between the absorber 30 and the expeller 36.

The working medium circuit belonging to the solvent circuit 28 is designated 40 in FIG. The water vapor compressed in the circuit 28 releases the heat Q ₀ ² to the heating circuit 58 in the condenser 42. The water vapor condenses to water and is further supercooled. In the throttle 44, the water is then expanded from the drain level p _c ² to the pressure level p _v ² . The working medium water then gets into the evaporator 46. Here the water of the working medium circuit 40 evaporates at a very low temperature of, for. B. 5 to 15 ° C. At the same time, the water of a climate cycle 48 is cooled. This is then again available to the absorber 30 and can be compressed again in the solvent circuit.

Cold is thus generated in the working medium circuit 40 during evaporation in the evaporator 46 and is transmitted to the air conditioning circuit 48. In addition to the evaporator 46, the air conditioning circuit essentially comprises a pump 50 with which the circulating coolant is pumped around. An air conditioning system or a cooling space 52 within a building 54 is operated.

The heating circuit 58 is heated by both the waste heat from the solvent circuit 28 and the working medium circuit 40. This takes place in the absorber 30 or in the condenser 42. Together with the Heizwärmeverteilsy stone 56 in the building 54 and a pump 60, these components form the heating circuit 58.

In the arrangement described, mechanical or electrical energy is accordingly generated from the heat generated with a burner in the burner-steam generator system 16 via the steam circuit 10. In a subsequent absorption cycle process, the remaining waste heat is used to generate cold for air conditioning and also heat for heating purposes. The waste heat generated in the circuits 28 and 40 is then fed to a building together with the air conditioning cooling from 46 and the electrical energy from the circuit 10. In this way, up to always incurred losses z. B. due to lack of insulation, etc., the entire burner energy and additionally the heat absorbed from the environment by the air conditioning are used and high efficiencies are achieved.

The arrangement described is of course not only limited to air conditioning applications in building technology, but can also be used for cooling vehicles or the like.

Claims

claims

1. Working machine comprising a circuit (10) with a pump (14) for conveying a fluid working medium, a heat exchanger (16) for transferring heat to the working medium, an expansion machine (18) for expanding the working medium under work and a condenser (36 )

characterized in that

the condenser is cooled by the sorption process (28).

2. Working machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the working medium is water.

3. Working machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the

Sorption process is an absorption process (28, 40).

4. Working machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the

Absorption process based on a water / water lithium bromide

Absorption chiller or heat pump is.

5. Working machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sorption process comprises an absorber (30), the waste heat of which can be used in a heating circuit (28) for operating a heating or hot water system (56).

6. Working machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sorption process (28) is part of a refrigeration cycle (48) which is connected to a coolant distribution network (52).

7. Working machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a generator (20) which converts the work done by the expansion machine into electrical energy.

8. Working machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by

Means (34) for preheating the solvent of the sorption process (28) entering the expeller by means of the heated solvent of the sorption process (28) emerging from the expeller (36).