WO2004006356A2 - Cooling cell for a fuel cell, coated in an electrically insulating manner - Google Patents

Cooling cell for a fuel cell, coated in an electrically insulating manner Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004006356A2
WO2004006356A2 PCT/DE2003/001670 DE0301670W WO2004006356A2 WO 2004006356 A2 WO2004006356 A2 WO 2004006356A2 DE 0301670 W DE0301670 W DE 0301670W WO 2004006356 A2 WO2004006356 A2 WO 2004006356A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cooling
cell
fuel cell
cooling medium
insulation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2003/001670
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German (de)
French (fr)
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WO2004006356A3 (en
Inventor
Hendrik Dohle
Thomas Bewer
Jürgen Mergel
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Publication of WO2004006356A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004006356A2/en
Publication of WO2004006356A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004006356A3/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cooling cell for a fuel cell, in particular for a fuel cell operated with hydrogen.
  • fuel cell stacks are constructed from several individual cells.
  • the individual cells (cell voltage about 0.7 V) each consist of one
  • heat is generated during the operation of a fuel cell or a fuel cell stack.
  • a certain number of cooling elements in plate form are normally installed in the fuel cell stack.
  • An optimized design of the cooling paths is necessary in order to prevent thermal overloads (e.g. due to brief evaporation of the water) in fuel cell stacks with a high power density and to prevent damage to the electrolyte membrane.
  • graphite plates with built-in channels are often used, in which the cooling medium, e.g. B. circulates air or water. If water is used as the coolant, the problem arises that only deionized water can be used, which prevents corrosion of the components that come into contact with the water. The circulated water is therefore routed through an ion exchanger regularly in order to keep the electrical conductivity of the water low. So far, the cold rooms are opposite the neighboring fuel cells are not electrically isolated.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a cooling cell for a
  • the cooling cell according to the invention for a fuel cell has electrical insulation on areas of the surface, in particular on areas of the inner surfaces.
  • the inner surface of the cooling cell is the area that is provided for contact between the cooling medium and the cooling cell.
  • the electrical insulation according to the invention prevents an unintentional electrical current flow between the cooling cell and the adjacent fuel cells, which are generally not designed to be electrically insulating from one another.
  • Insulation according to the invention can be applied, for example, to the corresponding insulation using an insulating film. be applied to the surface areas of the cold room.
  • a corresponding polymer coating is also suitable as electrical insulation.
  • an insulating additive to the cooling medium is also conceivable, which is deposited on all inner surfaces of the cooling cell at the beginning of the operation of the cooling circuit and thus brings about appropriate insulation in further operation.
  • Any device which is capable of holding a cooling medium and which has at least one surface provided for heat exchange of the waste heat of a fuel cell onto the cooling medium is regarded as a cooling cell for a fuel cell in the sense of the invention.
  • the electrical insulation is provided at least at the points which are provided for the heat transfer between the waste heat from a fuel cell to the cooling medium and which is regularly located in the part of the cooling cell which is arranged directly adjacent to a single fuel cell.
  • the electrical insulation advantageously exists on all inner surfaces of the cooling cell, that is to say on all contact surfaces between the cooling medium and the cooling cell. This means not only in the actual cell, which is typically installed between two fuel cells, but also in the complete coolant circuit, which is regularly arranged outside the actual fuel cell arrangement.
  • Deionized water as the cooling medium can advantageously be dispensed with in the configuration of the cooling cell according to the invention, since even a conductive coolant has no negative influence, for example, due to the electrical insulation between the cooling medium and the cooling cell. B. in the form of an undesirable current flow.
  • the inventive concept relates to a cooling cell for a fuel cell, which has electrical insulation which is arranged on at least part of the inner surface of the cooling cell.
  • the insulation between the cooling medium and the cooling cell regularly prevents an undesired flow of current between the cooling cell and an adjacent fuel cell, which are usually not electrically insulated from one another. This is also normal tap water advantageous.
  • H. conductive water suitable as a cooling medium for use in the cooling cell according to the invention.

Landscapes

  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a cooling cell for a fuel cell with an electrical insulation which is disposed on at least one part of the inner surface of the cooling cell. Said insulation between the cooling medium and the cooling cell regularly prevents an undesired flow of current between the cooling cell (or the cooling medium) and an adjacent fuel cell, which are regularly insulated in a non-electrical manner from each other such that normal tap water, i.e. conductive water, can also be used in an advantageous manner as a cooling medium for the inventive fuel cell. The insulation can be created by applying a film or a polymer coating. It is also possible to add insulating agents to the cooling medium, which are independently deposited on the inner surface when the cooling cell starts operating, thereby creating an electrical insulation.

Description

B e s c h r e i b u n g Description
Kühlzelle für eine BrennstoffzelleCold room for a fuel cell
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kühlzelle für eine Brennstoffzelle, insbesondere für eine mit Wasserstoff betriebene Brennstoffzelle.The invention relates to a cooling cell for a fuel cell, in particular for a fuel cell operated with hydrogen.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
BrennstoffZellenstapel werden, um ein für technische Anwendungen akzeptables Spannungsniveau zu erreichen, aus mehreren Einzelzellen aufgebaut. Die Einzelzellen (Zellspannung etwa 0,7 V) bestehen jeweils aus einerIn order to achieve a voltage level that is acceptable for technical applications, fuel cell stacks are constructed from several individual cells. The individual cells (cell voltage about 0.7 V) each consist of one
Kathode, einem Elektrolyt und einer Anode, die in Serie zusammengeschaltet werden. Zwischen diesen Einzelzellen werden sogenannte bipolare Platten (Interkonnektoren) eingebaut, in welchen die Gaszuführung zu den Elektro- den und die Kontaktierung der Einzelzellen untereinander erfolgt .Cathode, an electrolyte and an anode, which are connected in series. So-called bipolar plates (interconnectors) are installed between these individual cells, in which the gas supply to the electrodes and the contacting of the individual cells takes place.
Typischerweise werden Einzelzellen und bipolare Platten hintereinander angeordnet und zwischen zwei Endplatten eingespannt. Solche Pakete ergeben dann die sogenannten BrennstoffZellenstapel, die auch Stacks genannt werden.Typically, single cells and bipolar plates are arranged one behind the other and clamped between two end plates. Such packages then result in the so-called fuel cell stacks, which are also called stacks.
Während des Betriebs einer Brennstoffzelle oder eines BrennstoffZellenstapels wird unter anderem auch Wärme erzeugt. Um die Reaktionswärme abführen zu können wird normalerweise eine bestimmte Anzahl von Kühlelementen in Plattenform in den Brennstoffzellenstapel eingebaut. Eine optimierte Auslegung der Kühlwege ist erforderlich, um bei Brennstoffzellenstapeln hoher Leistungsdichte thermischen Überlastungen (z. B. durch kurzzeitiges Verdampfen des Wassers) vorzubeugen und dadurch eine Schädigung der Elektrolytmembran zu vermeiden.Among other things, heat is generated during the operation of a fuel cell or a fuel cell stack. In order to be able to remove the heat of reaction, a certain number of cooling elements in plate form are normally installed in the fuel cell stack. An optimized design of the cooling paths is necessary in order to prevent thermal overloads (e.g. due to brief evaporation of the water) in fuel cell stacks with a high power density and to prevent damage to the electrolyte membrane.
Einige bekannte BrennstoffZellenausführungen erzielen die Kühlwirkung innerhalb einer jeden bipolaren Platte und benötigen daher keine zusätzlichen Kühlplatten. Drucklos betriebene Brennstoffzellen erreichen die Küh- lung des Stapels oft nur über die zugeführte und imSome known fuel cell designs achieve the cooling effect within each bipolar plate and therefore do not require additional cooling plates. Fuel cells operated without pressure often only achieve cooling of the stack via the supplied and im
Uberschuss am Stapel teilweise vorbeigeführte Luft . Als Nachteil der Luftkühlung bei Atmosphärendruck stellt sich heute noch dar, dass eine weniger hohe spezifische Leistungsdichte im Vergleich zu unter Druck betriebenen Stacks mit Flüssigkeitskühlung erreicht wird. Auch kann es beim Management des Feuchtigkeitshaushaltes Schwierigkeiten geben. Als Vorteil hingegen sind der einfachere Aufbau, der geringere Nebenenergiebedarf, die schnellen Ansprechzeiten und die gute direkte Kühlung zu nennen.Excess air partially passed by the stack. The disadvantage of air cooling at atmospheric pressure is that a lower specific power density compared to pressurized stacks with liquid cooling is achieved. There can also be difficulties in managing the moisture balance. On the other hand, the advantages are the simpler structure, the lower secondary energy consumption, the fast response times and the good direct cooling.
Bei den Ausführungsformen mit zusätzlichen Kühlzellen, werden häufig Graphitplatten mit eingebauten Kanälen eingesetzt, in denen das Kühlmedium, z. B. Luft oder Wasser zirkuliert. Sofern Wasser als Kühlmittel einge- setzt wird, tritt nachteilig das Problem auf, dass nur deionisiertes Wasser verwendet werden kann, welches eine Korrosion der mit dem Wasser in Berührung kommenden Bauteile verhindert. Das im Kreislauf geführte Wasser wird daher regelmäßig durch einen Ionenaustauscher ge- führt, um die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Wassers gering zu halten. Bislang werden die Kühlzellen gegenüber den benachbart angeordneten Brennstoffzellen nicht elektrisch isoliert.In the embodiments with additional cooling cells, graphite plates with built-in channels are often used, in which the cooling medium, e.g. B. circulates air or water. If water is used as the coolant, the problem arises that only deionized water can be used, which prevents corrosion of the components that come into contact with the water. The circulated water is therefore routed through an ion exchanger regularly in order to keep the electrical conductivity of the water low. So far, the cold rooms are opposite the neighboring fuel cells are not electrically isolated.
Aufgabe und LösungTask and solution
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Kühlzelle für eineThe object of the invention is to provide a cooling cell for a
Brennstoffzelle zu schaffen, bei der auf eine aufwendige Reinigung des Kühlmediums, insbesondere des Wassers, verzichtet werden kann.To create a fuel cell in which a complex cleaning of the cooling medium, in particular the water, can be dispensed with.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Kühlzelle für eine Brennstoffzelle mit allen Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs . Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Kühlzelle ergeben sich aus den darauf rückbezogenen Ansprüchen.The object is achieved by a cooling cell for a fuel cell with all the features of the main claim. Advantageous embodiments of the cooling cell result from the claims which refer back to it.
Gegenstand der ErfindungSubject of the invention
Die erfindungsgemäße Kühlzelle für eine Brennstoffzelle weist eine elektrische Isolierung auf Bereichen der Oberfläche, insbesondere auf Bereichen der inneren Oberflächen auf. Als innere Oberfläche der Kühlzelle wird die Fläche bezeichnet, die für einen Kontakt zwi- sehen dem Kühlmedium und der Kühlzelle vorgesehen ist.The cooling cell according to the invention for a fuel cell has electrical insulation on areas of the surface, in particular on areas of the inner surfaces. The inner surface of the cooling cell is the area that is provided for contact between the cooling medium and the cooling cell.
Die erfindungsgemäße elektrische Isolierung verhindert, einen unbeabsichtigten elektrischen Stromfluss zwischen der Kühlzelle und den benachbart angeordneten Brennstoffzellen, die regelmäßig nicht untereinander elekt- risch isolierend ausgestaltet sind.The electrical insulation according to the invention prevents an unintentional electrical current flow between the cooling cell and the adjacent fuel cells, which are generally not designed to be electrically insulating from one another.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Isolierung kann beispielsweise mit Hilfe einer isolierenden Folie auf die entsprechen- den Oberflächenbereiche der Kühlzelle aufgebracht werden. Auch eine entsprechende Polymerbeschichtung ist als elektrische Isolierung geeignet. Weiterhin ist auch ein isolierender Zusatz zum Kühlmedium denkbar, welcher sich zu Beginn des Betriebs des Kühlkreislaufes auf allen inneren Oberflächen der Kühlzelle abscheidet und so im weiteren Betrieb eine entsprechende Isolierung bewirkt .Insulation according to the invention can be applied, for example, to the corresponding insulation using an insulating film. be applied to the surface areas of the cold room. A corresponding polymer coating is also suitable as electrical insulation. Furthermore, an insulating additive to the cooling medium is also conceivable, which is deposited on all inner surfaces of the cooling cell at the beginning of the operation of the cooling circuit and thus brings about appropriate insulation in further operation.
Als Kühlzelle für eine Brennstoffzelle im Sinne der Er- findung wird jede Vorrichtung angesehen, die ein Kühlmedium aufzunehmen vermag, und die wenigstens eine für einen Wärmeaustausch der Abwärme einer Brennstoffzelle auf das Kühlmedium vorgesehene Fläche aufweist. Damit ist sowohl eine für den direkten Wärmeaustausch vorge- sehene Vorrichtung, als auch ein damit verbundener Kühlmittelkreislauf umfasst .Any device which is capable of holding a cooling medium and which has at least one surface provided for heat exchange of the waste heat of a fuel cell onto the cooling medium is regarded as a cooling cell for a fuel cell in the sense of the invention. This includes both a device provided for direct heat exchange and a coolant circuit connected to it.
Die elektrische Isolierung ist zumindest an den Stellen vorgesehen, die für den Wärmeübergang zwischen der Abwärme einer Brennstoffzelle auf das Kühlmedium vorgese- hen ist, und sich regelmäßig in dem Teil der Kühlzelle befindet, die direkt benachbart zu einer Brennstoffein- zelzelle angeordnet ist.The electrical insulation is provided at least at the points which are provided for the heat transfer between the waste heat from a fuel cell to the cooling medium and which is regularly located in the part of the cooling cell which is arranged directly adjacent to a single fuel cell.
Vorteilhaft besteht die elektrische Isolierung auf allen inneren Oberflächen der Kühlzelle, also auf allen Kontaktflächen zwischen Kühlmedium und Kühlzelle. Das bedeutet, nicht nur in der eigentlichen, typischerweise zwischen zwei Brennstoffzellen eingebauten Zelle, sondern ebenso in dem kompletten Kühlmittelkreislauf, der regelmäßig außerhalb der eigentlichen Brennstoffzellen- anordnung angeordnet ist . Vorteilhaft kann bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung der Kühlzelle auf deionisiertes Wasser als Kühlmedium verzichtet werden, da selbst ein leitfähiges Kühlmittel durch die elektrische Isolierung zwischen Kühl- medium und Kühlzelle keinen negativen Einfluss z. B. in Form eines unerwünschten Stromflusses zu erzeugen vermag.The electrical insulation advantageously exists on all inner surfaces of the cooling cell, that is to say on all contact surfaces between the cooling medium and the cooling cell. This means not only in the actual cell, which is typically installed between two fuel cells, but also in the complete coolant circuit, which is regularly arranged outside the actual fuel cell arrangement. Deionized water as the cooling medium can advantageously be dispensed with in the configuration of the cooling cell according to the invention, since even a conductive coolant has no negative influence, for example, due to the electrical insulation between the cooling medium and the cooling cell. B. in the form of an undesirable current flow.
Der Erfindungsgedanke betrifft eine Kühlzelle für eine Brennstoffzelle, die eine elektrische Isolierung aufweist, die auf wenigstens einem Teil der inneren Oberfläche der Kühlzelle angeordnet ist. Die Isolierung zwischen Kühlmedium und Kühlzelle verhindert regelmäßig einen unerwünschten Stromfluss zwischen der Kühlzelle und einer benachbart angeordneten Brennstoffzelle, die untereinander regelmäßig nicht elektrisch isoliert sind. Damit ist auch vorteilhaft normales Leitungswasser, d. h. leitfähiges Wasser, als Kühlmedium für den Einsatz in der erfindungsgemäßen Kühlzelle geeignet. The inventive concept relates to a cooling cell for a fuel cell, which has electrical insulation which is arranged on at least part of the inner surface of the cooling cell. The insulation between the cooling medium and the cooling cell regularly prevents an undesired flow of current between the cooling cell and an adjacent fuel cell, which are usually not electrically insulated from one another. This is also normal tap water advantageous. H. conductive water, suitable as a cooling medium for use in the cooling cell according to the invention.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Kühlzelle für eine Brennstoffzelle, gekennzeichnet durch eine elektrische Isolierung, die auf wenigstens einem Teil der inneren Oberfläche der Kühlzelle angeordnet ist.1. Cold cell for a fuel cell, characterized by electrical insulation, which is arranged on at least part of the inner surface of the cold cell.
2. Kühlzelle für eine Brennstoffzelle, nach vorhergehendem Anspruch 1, bei dem die Isolierung zumindest auf dem Teil der inneren Oberfläche der Kühlzelle angeordnet ist, die für den Wärmeübergang vorgesehen ist.2. Cooling cell for a fuel cell, according to the preceding claim 1, wherein the insulation is arranged at least on the part of the inner surface of the cooling cell which is provided for the heat transfer.
3. Kühlzelle für eine Brennstoffzelle, nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 2, bei der die elektrische Isolierung auf sämtlichen inneren Oberflächen der Kühlzelle vorliegt, die mit einem Kühlmedium in Kontakt zu kommen vermögen.3. Cooling cell for a fuel cell, according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 2, wherein the electrical insulation is present on all inner surfaces of the cooling cell, which are able to come into contact with a cooling medium.
4. Kühlzelle für eine Brennstoffzelle, nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei der die elektrische Isolierung aus einer elektrisch nichtleitenden Folie besteht, die auf der entsprechenden Oberfläche angeordnet ist.4. Cold cell for a fuel cell, according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, wherein the electrical insulation consists of an electrically non-conductive film which is arranged on the corresponding surface.
5. Kühlzelle für eine Brennstoffzelle, nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 4, aus einer Poly- merbeschichtung der entsprechenden inneren Oberflächen der Kühlzelle als elektrische Isolierung. 5. Cooling cell for a fuel cell, according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, from a polymer coating of the corresponding inner surfaces of the cooling cell as electrical insulation.
PCT/DE2003/001670 2002-07-05 2003-05-24 Cooling cell for a fuel cell, coated in an electrically insulating manner WO2004006356A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10230333A DE10230333A1 (en) 2002-07-05 2002-07-05 Cooling cell for a fuel cell
DE10230333.9 2002-07-05

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WO2004006356A2 true WO2004006356A2 (en) 2004-01-15
WO2004006356A3 WO2004006356A3 (en) 2004-07-08

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008138294A2 (en) * 2007-05-08 2008-11-20 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Cooling element for fuel cells
CN114175323A (en) * 2020-05-15 2022-03-11 日产自动车株式会社 Fuel cell stack

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3964929A (en) * 1975-07-21 1976-06-22 United Technologies Corporation Fuel cell cooling system with shunt current protection
EP1160904A2 (en) * 2000-05-24 2001-12-05 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell stack with cooling cells

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3964929A (en) * 1975-07-21 1976-06-22 United Technologies Corporation Fuel cell cooling system with shunt current protection
EP1160904A2 (en) * 2000-05-24 2001-12-05 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell stack with cooling cells

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008138294A2 (en) * 2007-05-08 2008-11-20 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Cooling element for fuel cells
WO2008138294A3 (en) * 2007-05-08 2009-01-22 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Cooling element for fuel cells
CN114175323A (en) * 2020-05-15 2022-03-11 日产自动车株式会社 Fuel cell stack
EP4152448A4 (en) * 2020-05-15 2024-01-10 NISSAN MOTOR Co., Ltd. Fuel battery stack

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WO2004006356A3 (en) 2004-07-08

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