WO2004003482A2 - Procede et dispositif pour mesurer la permeabilite gazeuse de membranes - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour mesurer la permeabilite gazeuse de membranes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004003482A2
WO2004003482A2 PCT/US2003/020592 US0320592W WO2004003482A2 WO 2004003482 A2 WO2004003482 A2 WO 2004003482A2 US 0320592 W US0320592 W US 0320592W WO 2004003482 A2 WO2004003482 A2 WO 2004003482A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
membrane
cell
electrode
permeability
tube
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/020592
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2004003482A3 (fr
Inventor
Pradeep K. Agarwal
John Ackerman
Ron Borgialli
Jerry Hamann
Suresh Muknahalliptna
Original Assignee
University Of Wyoming
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University Of Wyoming filed Critical University Of Wyoming
Priority to AU2003263761A priority Critical patent/AU2003263761A1/en
Publication of WO2004003482A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004003482A2/fr
Publication of WO2004003482A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004003482A3/fr
Priority to US11/022,245 priority patent/US7088106B2/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
    • G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/40—Semi-permeable membranes or partitions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/086—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials of films, membranes or pellicules

Definitions

  • High voltage pulses with duration of about tens of nanoseconds, create an intense electric field in the reaction zone leading to the formation of non-thermal plasma.
  • the temperature of the electrons formed from the ionization of the gaseous medium, as characterized by electron velocity/energy, is much higher than the temperature of the much larger bulk gas molecules and other ionic/ charged/excited species leading to a highly efficient process.
  • the present invention is described for the characterization of hydrogen-permeable membranes.
  • the device and method of the present invention will, in particular, find application where the permeability of hydrogen must be measured for membranes to be used in reactors that employ electrical/electrochemical/photo-electrochemical fields that lead to generation of hydrogen.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating the device and method for the measurement of gas permeability through membranes, constructed in accordance with the present invention, membrane characterization and evaluation cell; and
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating the device and method for the measurement of gas permeability through membranes, constructed in accordance with the present invention, with field and ion flow of the rod-plane corona.
  • the present invention is a device for the measuring membrane permeability in electrical/ electrochemical/photo-electrochemical fields.
  • the device comprises a permeation cell and a tube mounted within the cell.
  • An electrode is mounted at one end of the tube.
  • a membrane is mounted within the cell wherein a corona is discharged from the electrode in a general direction toward the membrane thereby generating heated hydrogen atoms adjacent the membrane.
  • the present invention further includes a method for measuring the effects of temperature and pressure on membrane permeability and selectivity.
  • the method comprises providing a permeation cell, mounting a tube within the cell, mounting an electrode at one end of the tube, mounting a membrane within the cell, introducing gas into the permeation cell, discharging a corona in a general direction toward the membrane thereby generating heated hydrogen atoms adjacent the membrane, measuring the permeate gas and the retentate gas, and determining the hydrogen flux across the membrane.
  • the present invention is a device, indicated generally at 10, for the measurement of membrane permeability in electrical/electrochemical/ photo-electrochemical fields.
  • the device 10 includes a high field, spherical electrode 12, mounted at the end of a long glass or ceramic tube 14 and inserted into a dome- shaped permeation cell 16 from the top.
  • the test membrane 18 is mounted at the bottom of the permeation cell 16.
  • the configuration as illustrated herein facilitates a corona discharge, which is a self-sustained electrical discharge in a Laplacian electric field, for the generation of hot hydrogen atoms in the immediate vicinity of the membrane 18.
  • a corona discharge consists of high field electrodes or surfaces surrounded by ionization regions producing free charges; low field drift regions in which the free charges drift and react; and low field passive electrodes acting as charge collectors.
  • the three regions are illustrated in FIG. 2 for a typical rod-plane corona test configuration.
  • the breakdown of the gas leads to the formation and transient propagation of streamers characterized by a luminous track of conduction visible to naked eye; the field and ion flow are also shown as dotted lines in FIG. 2.
  • a pulsed voltage will be applied to the electrodes 12 to facilitate the formation of branched streamers.
  • the gap break down voltage is dependent on the gap distance and pressure under Paschen's Law.
  • the spark gaps tend to have short lifetime of operation and do not provide any control over the initiation of breakdown.
  • a thyratron switch 30 can be employed.
  • the thyratron switch 30 has a control element known as the grid, which initiates the conduction or breakdown.
  • the grid is driven through a driver circuit 32 controlled by a computer. This can provide precise control of the magnitude of the applied pulse voltage.
  • a control led-resistance heating jacket 34 is provided around the permeation cell 16 closer to the membrane 18 to facilitate the investigation of the effect of temperature on membrane permeability.
  • Various measurement sensors are provided to characterize the permeability of the membrane 18 in terms of input power, and luminosity.
  • voltage and current sensors are introduced. These sensors, connected to the oscilloscope, facilitate the measurement of the actual electric power injected into the corona discharge region. In addition, the sensors also provide a time-based description of the voltage and current pulses.
  • the luminosity sensor is provided to perform a spectral analysis, if required, of the corona discharge region. A view port is provided to view the streamer corona by the naked eye. Gas flow into the reactor will depend on the type of measurement required. Metered gas, which is hydrogen in a carrier gas for a membrane permeability test, hydrogen with other gases in a carrier gas for a membrane selectivity test, will be introduced into the test cell as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the permeate and the retentate will be analyzed to determine the hydrogen flux, corrected for pressure, across the membrane 18.
  • the device 10 can then be used to evaluate the effects of: • Pressure; • Temperature; and • Luminosity and input power (related to the production of hot hydrogen atoms) on membrane performance, in terms of permeability and selectivity, for a broad range of operating conditions of interest.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif pour mesurer la perméabilité d'une membrane dans les domaines électrique/électrochimique/photo-électrochimique. Ce dispositif comporte une cellule de perméation dans laquelle est monté un tube dont une extrémité comporte une électrode. Une membrane est disposée à l'intérieur de la cellule, dans laquelle se produit un effet de couronne partant de l'électrode et orienté vers la membrane, générant ainsi des atomes d'hydrogène chauffés adjacents à la membrane. La présente invention porte également sur un procédé pour mesurer les effets de la température et de la pression sur la perméabilité et sur la sélectivité de la membrane.
PCT/US2003/020592 2002-06-28 2003-06-27 Procede et dispositif pour mesurer la permeabilite gazeuse de membranes WO2004003482A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003263761A AU2003263761A1 (en) 2002-06-28 2003-06-27 Device and method for the measurement of gas permeability through membranes
US11/022,245 US7088106B2 (en) 2003-06-27 2004-12-23 Device and method for the measurement of gas permeability through membranes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US39220402P 2002-06-28 2002-06-28
US60/392,204 2002-06-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004003482A2 true WO2004003482A2 (fr) 2004-01-08
WO2004003482A3 WO2004003482A3 (fr) 2004-05-06

Family

ID=30000827

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2003/020592 WO2004003482A2 (fr) 2002-06-28 2003-06-27 Procede et dispositif pour mesurer la permeabilite gazeuse de membranes

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2003263761A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004003482A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2959314A1 (fr) * 2010-04-26 2011-10-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique Diagnostic in-situ des proprietes barrieres d'un module photovoltaique

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4046843A (en) * 1974-09-05 1977-09-06 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Process for preparing membranes for separation of substances
US4410338A (en) * 1979-06-25 1983-10-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Gas separating members and a method of making the same
US5062936A (en) * 1989-07-12 1991-11-05 Thermo Electron Technologies Corporation Method and apparatus for manufacturing ultrafine particles
US6245309B1 (en) * 1996-12-24 2001-06-12 H2-Tech S.A.R.L Method and devices for producing hydrogen by plasma reformer

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4046843A (en) * 1974-09-05 1977-09-06 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Process for preparing membranes for separation of substances
US4410338A (en) * 1979-06-25 1983-10-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Gas separating members and a method of making the same
US5062936A (en) * 1989-07-12 1991-11-05 Thermo Electron Technologies Corporation Method and apparatus for manufacturing ultrafine particles
US6245309B1 (en) * 1996-12-24 2001-06-12 H2-Tech S.A.R.L Method and devices for producing hydrogen by plasma reformer

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2959314A1 (fr) * 2010-04-26 2011-10-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique Diagnostic in-situ des proprietes barrieres d'un module photovoltaique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2004003482A3 (fr) 2004-05-06
AU2003263761A1 (en) 2004-01-19
AU2003263761A8 (en) 2004-01-19

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