WO2004001448A1 - Procede de prospection sismique par onde cylindrique - Google Patents

Procede de prospection sismique par onde cylindrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004001448A1
WO2004001448A1 PCT/CN2003/000001 CN0300001W WO2004001448A1 WO 2004001448 A1 WO2004001448 A1 WO 2004001448A1 CN 0300001 W CN0300001 W CN 0300001W WO 2004001448 A1 WO2004001448 A1 WO 2004001448A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wave
cylindrical
seismic
cylindrical wave
refers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2003/000001
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Zishun Li
Youmei Xu
Rui Song
Jiangnan Long
Qingling Wu
Original Assignee
Daqing Oilfiled Company Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daqing Oilfiled Company Limited filed Critical Daqing Oilfiled Company Limited
Priority to AU2003203317A priority Critical patent/AU2003203317A1/en
Publication of WO2004001448A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004001448A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
    • G01V2210/51—Migration

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of seismic exploration in oil and gas exploration and development, and in particular, to a two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic exploration method of cylindrical waves.
  • the theoretical basis of two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic exploration methods is spherical wave propagation theory.
  • the horizontal center of the common center point is superposed during processing.
  • the problems of horizontal superposition of common center points are that the speed should not be determined during normal time difference correction, and the speed is single at a certain time, and the strong signal is highlighted during the superposition to suppress the weak signal.
  • the second is the different offsets of a reflection layer at the common center point.
  • the reflected signals have different amplitudes and different frequencies.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic survey method of cylindrical waves that can effectively solve the problems caused by the horizontal superposition of the spherical wave centers based on the spherical wave seismic survey method and can obtain more reflection information. .
  • the present invention first proposes a cylindrical wave two-dimensional seismic survey method, which includes the following steps:
  • step 4) on the signal and collect points to combine the spherical waves into a limited cylindrical wave reflection record profile
  • the small gun interval in step 1) refers to a small gun interval of 5-100 m.
  • Step 1) The middle firing refers to the middle firing at the long geophone array; the two ends firing refers to the firing at the two ends of the long geophone array.
  • Step 2) The long detector arrangement refers to a long detector arrangement of 2000-15000m.
  • Step 2) The track spacing refers to the track spacing of 5-50m.
  • Step 3 The pre-processing refers to the definition of observation systems Head, surface wave removal, surface consistency deconvolution, prediction deconvolution, etc.
  • the reference surface static correction refers to reference surface correction, static correction, residual static correction, and the like similar to the conventional conventional seismic processing.
  • Step 5) The superimposing of the public receiving points refers to the direct plane superimposition of the reference plane correction and the drawing of the public receiving points.
  • Step 6) The cylindrical reflection wave migration refers to the process of shifting the recorded oblique reflection layer to the true reflection point, that is, O!
  • the cylindrical reflected wave offset refers to a time offset or a depth offset;
  • the cylindrical reflected wave offset in step 6) may also refer to a ray method offset or a wave equation method offset.
  • Step 6 The first-order approximate second-order partial differential wave equation and initial conditions of the cylindrical wave migration profile are:
  • V is the formation velocity
  • u is the abbreviation of the wave field function u (x, z, t)
  • t is the seismic wave propagation time
  • x and z are the spatial position of the seismic wave
  • Z is the maximum depth of the ground strike wave
  • T is the seismic wave Time to propagate to the maximum depth Z before reflecting to the ground.
  • the invention also proposes a cylindrical wave three-dimensional seismic survey method, which includes the following steps:
  • the small gun spacing in the INLINE direction in step 1) refers to a small gun spacing of 50-200m.
  • the middle firing in the INLINE direction refers to firing in the middle of a long array, but the gun points at both ends of the survey line should be extended outward.
  • the long alignment in the INLINE direction refers to a length of 2000-15000m.
  • the track spacing refers to the track spacing of 25-50m.
  • the pre-processing refers to processes similar to the definition of an observation system, a set head, a surface wave, and a surface-consistent deconvolution in conventional conventional seismic processing.
  • the reference surface static correction refers to reference surface correction, static correction, residual static correction, and the like similar to the current conventional seismic processing.
  • Step 5) The superimposing of the common receiving points of a certain gun line corresponding to the direction of the INLINE refers to the gathering of the common receiving points of a certain gun line corresponding to the direction of the INLINE after the reference plane is corrected, and then directly superimpose.
  • the self-excited self-receiving spherical wave shift in the CROSLINE direction refers to shifting the cylindrical wave in the direction of the vertical cylinder in the CROSLINE direction according to the self-excited self-receiving spherical wave shift method.
  • the first-order approximate second-order partial differential wave equation and initial conditions of the cylindrical wave migration profile are:
  • u (x, Z, t) 0
  • V is the formation velocity
  • u is the abbreviation of the wave field function u (x, Z , t)
  • t is the seismic wave propagation time
  • X and z are the spatial position of the seismic wave
  • Z is the seismic wave
  • T is the time after the seismic wave propagates to the maximum depth Z before reflecting to the ground. This initial condition is suitable for the migration problem of higher-order equations of advanced approximation.
  • the cylindrical wave seismic survey method provided by the present invention does not perform normal time difference correction and does not perform horizontal superposition of the common center point, which can partially overcome some deficiencies in the current seismic survey methods.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spherical wave superimposed and combined into a cylindrical wave according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of vertical plane-like cylindrical wave propagation according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an offset diagram of a cylindrical wave oblique reflection layer according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a cylindrical wave according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a conventional spherical wave.
  • the ground surface is horizontal, and the underground stratum is layered horizontally, or the underground stratum is not fluctuated, and the physical properties of the stratum are uniform.
  • An infinite number of guns are fired at the same time, and a large number of spherical waves are superimposed to form a cylindrical wave that propagates underground, see Figure 1; on a section in the direction of the seismic line, the cylindrical wave propagates vertically downward like a plane wave. Reflections are encountered at the flat reflection interface, which are recorded by geophones. This is the basic idea of the cylindrical wave seismic exploration method.
  • the present invention first considers the following specific content with respect to the two-dimensional seismic survey method of cylindrical waves: 1), a seismic firing system such as a middle shot or two ends shot, a small shot interval;
  • the small gun spacing refers to the small gun spacing of 5-100m. The smaller the gun spacing, the better. In consideration of economic benefits, about 50m is generally used. This method requires that there should be no continuous S guns or variable views during construction.
  • the long arrangement refers to the long arrangement of the detectors of 2000-15000m. Because the total length of the shot point at a certain receiving point, that is, the length of the cylindrical wave is the same as the length of the detector arrangement, the longer the detector arrangement is, the better, considering the economic benefits, the detector arrangement length is determined by the depth of the exploration target layer. In general The lower geophone array is more than twice the depth of the exploration target. The finite detector array length and the limited gun spacing can produce a limited cylindrical wave.
  • the middle firing refers to firing in the middle of a long array, but the gun points at both ends of the survey line must be extended. When the gun points are moved, the detectors are moved accordingly. The method is the same as that of conventional seismic survey.
  • the track pitch refers to the track pitch of 5-50m, and the track pitch is generally smaller than the gun pitch.
  • the present invention considers the following specific contents with respect to the method of cylindrical wave 3D seismic survey:
  • the method proposed by the present invention in accordance with the above ideas includes the following:
  • the seismic excitation system such as firing in the middle or at both ends of the INLINE line, and the pitch of small guns in the direction of INLINE;
  • the small gun interval in the INLINE direction refers to the small gun interval of 50-200m.
  • the long line in the INLINE direction refers to a long line of 2000-15000m.
  • the geophone array length is determined by the depth of the exploration target layer. In general, the geophone array length is greater than twice the depth of the exploration target layer.
  • the finite detector array length and the limited gun spacing can produce limited cylindrical waves.
  • the middle shot in the direction of INLINE refers to the middle shot in a long line.
  • the gun points at both ends of the survey line should be extended outwards, and generally the length of the half array should be extended.
  • the track spacing refers to the track spacing of 25-50m.
  • the pre-processing refers to processes such as defining an observation system, setting a head, removing a surface wave, and surface-consistent deconvolution, which are similar to the conventional conventional seismic processing.
  • the reference surface static correction refers to the reference surface correction, static correction, and residual static correction similar to the current conventional seismic processing.
  • the common receiving point superposition refers to the direct superimposition of the common receiving point gathers after the reference plane correction, which is different from the horizontal superposition of the common center point.
  • the spherical wave is converted into a limited cylindrical wave reflection recording profile.
  • the superposition of the public receiving points of a certain line corresponding to the INLINE direction refers to the datum correction
  • the firing of each gun corresponding to a certain line in the direction of the INLINE is collected and collected directly, and then directly superimposed.
  • the cylindrical reflection wave shift refers to a process of shifting the recorded oblique reflection layer to a true reflection point.
  • the Oi is shifted to 0.
  • the CROSLINE-like self-excitation self-receiving spherical wave shift means that the cylindrical wave in the direction of the vertical cylinder is shifted by the self-excitation self-receiving spherical wave in the CROSLINE direction.
  • the first-order approximate second-order partial differential wave equation in the time domain and the initial conditions x, t) are ground cylindrical wave seismic records.
  • the cylindrical wave On a cross section perpendicular to the cylindrical wave, the cylindrical wave can be regarded as a plane wave. According to the analysis in FIG. 3, it can be obtained that the downward wave depth z of the cylindrical wave is a function of i W-. Zero the ⁇ -at ⁇ 0,
  • P (X, t- ⁇ ) is the initial condition for the downward continuation of the upward wave at the depth Z. So there are:
  • V is the formation velocity
  • u is the abbreviation of the wave field function u ( X , z, t)
  • t is the seismic wave propagation time
  • x, z are the spatial position of the seismic wave
  • Z is the maximum depth of the seismic wave
  • T is the seismic wave propagation to The time after the maximum depth Z is reversed to the ground.
  • Example 1 Two-dimensional seismic survey method of cylindrical wave
  • the track spacing is 25m, 300 channels are received, the arrangement is 7500m long, the guns are arranged in the middle, and the observation system is 50m.
  • the detectors are also moved when the shots are moved.
  • the method is the same as that of conventional seismic exploration.
  • Example 2 cylindrical wave two-dimensional seismic survey method
  • the observation system with a track spacing of 50m and a 160 track reception, an array length of 8000m, and an array of guns in the middle, with a gun spacing of 100m, also moves the detectors accordingly when the shots are moved.
  • the method is the same as that of conventional seismic exploration.
  • the horizontally superimposed section migration method is used to approximate the cylindrical reflection wave as a horizontally superimposed spherical reflection wave.
  • the horizontal superposition speed is about 150% for time migration.
  • the section obtained by the cylindrical wave seismic processing method in Figure 4 has three advantages compared with the conventional section in Figure 5. One is that the resolution is significantly improved, the other is that the breakpoint is clear, and the third is that the continuity of the complex reflection is improved. Therefore, the application of cylindrical wave seismic survey method can obtain more reflection information than the conventional seismic survey methods such as horizontal superposition of spherical wave, which is of great significance for studying faults, sand bodies and seismic oil and gas anomalies. Guide the design of oil and gas exploration, development, and deployment to improve the efficiency of exploration and development.
  • the present invention uses long excursions, intermediate shots, cannon spacing, track spacing and other seismic excitation and receiving systems to perform seismic acquisition.
  • the common receiving points are superimposed to form a spherical surface.
  • Waves are combined to form a limited cylindrical wave reflection profile; migration is performed according to the cylindrical wave reflection to form a cylindrical wave migration profile to obtain more and more accurate underground geological information, which can be used to study faults, sand bodies, and earthquakes
  • the oil and gas flat spot is abnormal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un PROCEDE DE PROSPECTION SISMIQUE PAR ONDE CYLINDRIQUE, qui repose sur les points essentiels suivants: à partir de techniques classiques d'exploration bidimensionnelle et tridimensionnelle, application d'une agrégation de points de réception commune après traitement de signaux sismiques par rectification de données, etc., synthèse d'onde sphérique en profil de réflexion d'onde cylindrique finie; en technique tridimensionnelle, application d'une correction centrale commune correspondant à la direction de l'agrégation centrale commune sur l'axe transversal pour former un profil d'empilement d'onde cylindrique, décalé d'après la réflexion d'onde cylindrique en profil décalé d'onde cylindrique. Contrairement aux procédés classiques d'exploration sismique par onde sphérique, le procédé décrit permet de recueillir des données géologiques de plus en plus précises sur le sous-sol, par application des techniques d'exploration bidimensionnelle et tridimensionnelle, et les avantages sont importants pour la détection de failles, de masses de sable, et d'anomalies de point d'équilibre sismique d'huile et de gaz.
PCT/CN2003/000001 2002-05-27 2003-01-14 Procede de prospection sismique par onde cylindrique WO2004001448A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003203317A AU2003203317A1 (en) 2002-05-27 2003-01-14 A seismic exploration method by cylindrical wave

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN02117895 2002-05-27
CN02117895.X 2002-05-27
CN02117894 2002-05-27
CN02117894.1 2002-05-27

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WO2004001448A1 true WO2004001448A1 (fr) 2003-12-31

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102323617A (zh) * 2011-06-13 2012-01-18 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种复杂地表的二维地震资料连片处理方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4259733A (en) * 1979-05-14 1981-03-31 Seiscom Delta, Inc. Multi-dimensional seismic imaging
US4363133A (en) * 1980-08-28 1982-12-07 U.S. Philips Corporation Converter circuit for television signals

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4259733A (en) * 1979-05-14 1981-03-31 Seiscom Delta, Inc. Multi-dimensional seismic imaging
US4363133A (en) * 1980-08-28 1982-12-07 U.S. Philips Corporation Converter circuit for television signals

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102323617A (zh) * 2011-06-13 2012-01-18 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种复杂地表的二维地震资料连片处理方法

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