WO2004001192A1 - Systeme de boulons d'ancrage - Google Patents

Systeme de boulons d'ancrage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004001192A1
WO2004001192A1 PCT/AU2003/000760 AU0300760W WO2004001192A1 WO 2004001192 A1 WO2004001192 A1 WO 2004001192A1 AU 0300760 W AU0300760 W AU 0300760W WO 2004001192 A1 WO2004001192 A1 WO 2004001192A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tube
bolt
fitting
cable
rock bolt
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2003/000760
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jeffrey Robert Fergusson
Original Assignee
Industrial Roll Formers Pty Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Industrial Roll Formers Pty Limited filed Critical Industrial Roll Formers Pty Limited
Priority to US10/518,340 priority Critical patent/US20060093438A1/en
Priority to AU2003232521A priority patent/AU2003232521B2/en
Priority to CA2490111A priority patent/CA2490111C/fr
Publication of WO2004001192A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004001192A1/fr
Priority to NO20050269A priority patent/NO20050269L/no

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0046—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts formed by a plurality of elements arranged longitudinally
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/006—Anchoring-bolts made of cables or wires

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to rock bolts, whether the bolt tendon is formed from a flexible cable or a rigid rod, the grout delivery tube for such bolts, and the fabrication of such tubes.
  • Rock bolts are widely used in civil engineering and mining applications to stabilise rock strata.
  • a blind hole or bore is drilled in the rock and a rock bolt having an anchor at its far end is inserted into the hole.
  • the anchor is operated so as to grip the far end of the hole and secure the bolt in the hole.
  • the bolt is surrounded by a tube and grout is pumped into the gap between the bolt and the tube. The grout passes down the tube until it reaches the anchor and then begins to flow back out of the hole between the interior of the hole and the exterior of the tube. The operator ceases to pump grout when the returning grout is observed escaping from the hole.
  • the grout hardens and provides a force transmitting structure between the interior of the hole and the length of the rock bolt. In this way the steel bolt can react effectively against any movement in the surrounding ground.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved tube, a cable bolt incorporating the tube, bolt fittings and fabrication techniques all of which together constitute an improved rock bolting system.
  • a tube for cable or rod bolt applications said tube being extruded from plastics material and defomied beyond its yield point at a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart locations, along the length of the tube, each said deformation occurring in at least two different directions.
  • a rock bolt having a tendon located within the above defined tube.
  • an end fitting for a rock bolt comprising a barrel having a substantially flat front end, a rear end, a curved side wall, and a longitudinal axis, a cable passageway passing between said front and rear ends, and a grouting orifice extending from said front end into said cable passageway.
  • a method of fabricating a tube for a rock bolt comprising the step of radially deforming the side wall of said tube beyond its yield point in at least two different directions, at each of a plurality of longitudinally spaced locations.
  • a rock bolt for use in poor ground conditions, said bolt having a near end and a far end, anchor means at said far end to anchor the far end adjacent the base of a blind hole formed in said ground, and tension means at said near end to tension said bolt after said far end has been anchored, wherein said anchor means comprises at least two anchor devices, each known per se, and connected in series adjacent said far end.
  • a method of securing a rock bolt in poor ground conditions comprising the steps of: providing at least two anchor devices, each known per se, at the far end of said rock bolt, inserting said rock bolt into a blind hole drilled in said ground, activating all said anchor devices, and tensioning said rock bolt.
  • the bolt is surrounded with grout.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a prior art rock bolt prior to installation
  • Fig. 2 is longitudinal partly cross sectional view through the rock bolt of Fig. 1 as installed
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the tube of the preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 4 is an end view of the tube of Fig. 3
  • Fig. 5 is a plan view of the tube of Fig. 3,
  • Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the tube of Fig. 3,
  • Fig. 7 is perspective view of the near end of a cable bolt incorporating the tube of Fig. 3-6
  • Fig. 8 is a plan view of the cable bolt end of Fig. 7,
  • Fig. 9 is an end elevation of the arrangement of Figs. 7 and 8,
  • Fig. 10 is a longitudinal cross sectional view taken along the line X-X of Fig. 9,
  • Fig. 11 is an end view of the free end of the cable bolt of Fig. 7
  • Fig. 12 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the end fitting of the cable bolt of Fig. 7,
  • Fig. 13 is an end view of the fitting of Fig. 12,
  • Fig. 14 is the opposite end view of the fitting of Fig. 12,
  • Fig. 15 is an alternative perspective view of the fitting of Fig. 12, and Fig. 16 is a longitudinal partly cross-sectional view of the far end of a rock bolt.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate a prior art rock bolt known as the "CT bolt” which is generally as described in Australian Patent No. 669,393 (Application No. 49856/93 and WO 94/05900).
  • the CT bolt 1 has a solid steel tendon 2 with an anchor 3 (illustrated only in a general cylindrical fo ⁇ n in Fig. 1) located at its far end.
  • a tube 4 having a plurality of papillae 13 surrounds the tendon 2 and the near end of the CT bolt 1 has a washer plate 5, a hollow dome ball 6, and nut 7.
  • a blind hole 8 is drilled in the ground 9 and the CT bolt inserted therein.
  • the anchor 3 is expanded so that it grips the interior of the hole 8 thereby locating the CT bolt 1 in its final position.
  • the bolt can be tensioned by means of the nut 7 engaging a thread on the near end of the bolt.
  • a flowable hardenable cementitious grout 10 is pumped into a small grout orifice 11 from where the grout passes between the tendon 2 and the interior of the tube 4.
  • air is being expelled from the hole 8 by passing between the interior of the hole 8 and the exterior of the tube 4.
  • the grout 10 reaches the end of the hole 8 and the anchor 3 and then passes between the hole interior and the external surface of the tube 4.
  • grout is expelled from the hole 8 adjacent the washer plate 5 indicating to the operator to cease pumping grout.
  • small papillae 13 formed in the tube 4 is to provide a keying mechanism to enable longitudinal shearing forces to be transferred between the ground 9 and the tendon 2 by means of the grout 10.
  • corrugators are known to produce corrugated plastic drainage pipe and corrugated swimming pool hose.
  • Corrugated tube is known to be used in relation to rock bolts but suffers from a number of disadvantages. Firstly, the corrugating process is slow and therefore relatively expensive.
  • the corrugated tubing has the advantage of being flexible and resistant to crushing, the geometry of corrugated tubing creates a number of disadvantages. In particular, the close corrugations, extending in an annular fashion relative to the axis of the tube, commonly trap air when the grout material is pumped therepast. These pockets of trapped air very substantially reduce the capacity of the tube to transfer mechanical loads.
  • the annular deformations of the corrugated tube catch on many types of objects during the installation procedure such as load plates, wire mesh, the parts of the installing machinery, and the like, all of which can lead to damage of the tube. If the corrugated tube is damaged the bolt can be uninstallable and/or unable to be grouted. This is because a hole in the tube will effectively "short circuit" the grouting procedure and result in grout not being delivered to the full length of the hole.
  • the tube 4 of Figs. 1-2 is not.
  • This tube for example fabricated for installation in 45mm bore holes, is substantially round and has a diameter of approximately 35mm.
  • Each papilla 13 is formed as one of three outwardly extending bumps spaced equally around the tube at locations spaced apart by approximately 50mm along the tube.
  • the maximum "diameter" of the tube at the location of the papillae is approximately 42mm.
  • the tube 4 is produced on a corrugator machine but without producing corrugations.
  • the tube is stiff and thus cannot be bent or coiled up as this results in the tube kinking and/or breaking.
  • the papillae 13 on the tube 4 are also susceptible to being sheared off if the tube is handled roughly prior to installation.
  • the cost of the tube 4 is approximately three times the cost of similar tube (so called polytube made from high density polyethylene (HDPE)) used extensively in irrigation applications. It would therefore be desirable if this inexpensive tubing could be used for rock bolting applications.
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • Figs. 3-6 illustrate a deformed irrigation polytube 14 which has been deformed in such a way as to still retain its flexibility and thereby permit the polytube 14 to be coiled or looped into a coil.
  • the polytube 14 is deformed by being placed between forming tools, which yield the material of the tube 14 in small areas. The yielding stops the material of the polytube 14 from returning to its original configuration.
  • the tube 14 is compressed by having inwardly oppositely directed forces FI and F2 applied to its “sides” whilst substantially simultaneously two inwardly oppositely directed forces F3 and F4 are applied to its "top” and “bottom” (spaced from but adjacent to the location of the FI and F2 forces) so as to create generally rectangular bulges 17 having triangularly shaped slopes 18.
  • the yielding zones 50 which create the bulges 17 are arranged in sequential fashion along the length of tube 14, these deformed patterns remain deformed and provide a mechanism to enable load transfer from the bolt to the surrounding ground via the grouting applied to both sides of the tube 14.
  • the shape of the bulges 17 provide a number of advantages in that they reduce the occurrence of damage prior to, or during, installation.
  • the shape of the bulges 17 reduces the risk of air voids developing during the grouting operation.
  • Figs. 7-11 illustrate the near end of such a cable bolt, the far end being substantially conventional.
  • a cable bolt 21 has a cable 22 wliich passes through the polytube 14 and is provided with a barrel like end fitting 26 at the near end.
  • the barrel 26 has a flat end face 28 and a domed front face 29 with a substantially cylindrical side wall 30.
  • a grouting orifice 31 is formed in the end face 28 and, as seen in Fig. 10, leads into a grouting passage 32 which is inclined to the longitudinal axis of the polypipe 14 and cable 22.
  • the barrel 26 has a main passage 34 which includes a frusto-conical wedge 35 which acts a gripping mechanism for the cable 22.
  • the grouting passage 32 delivers grout above the cable gripping wedges 35 which hold the barrel 26 to the cable 22.
  • the far end of the cable bolt 21 (not illustrated) is inserted into the hole and an anchor at the far end is activated so as to fix the far end of the bolt in the hole. Then the cable 22 can be placed under tension and the barrel 26 moved towards the far end until the barrel 26 comes into contact with a washer plate, or the like (not illustrated).
  • main passage 34 is not concentric with the cylindrical side wall 30 and thus at the near end of the cable bolt 1 the cable 22 is not concentric with the longitudinal axis of the tube 14.
  • Figs. 12-15 illustrate a second embodiment of a barrel 46 in which the front face 39 is flat.
  • the end face 28 and grouting orifice 31 are substantially as before.
  • the bulges 17 in Figs. 3-10 extend in two directions which are substantially perpendicular to each other. It is also possible to arrange to have the bulges extend in three directions which are approximately 120° apart but that the longitudinally adjacent set of bulges should be rotated by 60° relative to the tube axis so that those bulges extend intermediate the bulges of the adjacent deformation. This is thought to assist shear load transfer.
  • end fitting or barrel 26, 46 can also be used in a cable or rod bolt without the outer plastic tube 4, 14.
  • a breather tube passes through the grouting orifice 31 and grouting passage 32 and then extends alongside the bolt to its far end.
  • grout is introduced between the bolt and hole and moves towards the far end of the hole but the air displaced by the grout is pushed out through the breather tube.
  • the grout reaches the far end of the hole and then beings to fill the breather tube. The grouting process is stopped when the grout is seen returning through the breather tube.
  • Fig. 16 the far end of a rock bolt 51 intended for use in poor ground, such as sandstone, is illustrated.
  • the cable tendon 52 is formed from multistrand steel cable 22, but a solid tendon could equally be used.
  • a pair of spaced apart conventional shell anchors 53 such as those disclosed in Australian Patent Application No. 22992/02 which each include a restraining device in the form of a rupterable band 57.
  • the anchors 53 are able to be expanded in known fashion by being spring loaded. In this way the two pivoted halves of the anchors 53 pivot outwardly to grip the interior of the surrounding blind hole 8.
  • the installation procedure is as follows.
  • the rock bolt 51 is inserted fully into the blind hole 8.
  • the spring expansion shells grip the sandstone surrounding the blind hole 8 with sufficient combined force to enable the cable 22 to be tensioned.
  • the entire hole 8 is grouted in a single operation. The entire operation takes only a few minutes.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un tube (14) pour boulons d'ancrage de fixation de câbles ou de fers tenseurs. Le tube, qui est déformé pour pouvoir être vissé, assure en outre un bon accrochage dans le mortier. Il est également prévu un accessoire (26, 46) se montant à l'arrière du boulon dans lequel l'orifice (31) d'introduction du mortier communique avec le passage du câble (34). En outre, on peut fixer plusieurs ancrages (57) de câbles à l'extrémité distante du boulon lorsqu'il est utilisé dans des sols tendres tels que le grès.
PCT/AU2003/000760 2002-06-21 2003-06-20 Systeme de boulons d'ancrage WO2004001192A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/518,340 US20060093438A1 (en) 2002-06-21 2003-06-20 Rock bolting system
AU2003232521A AU2003232521B2 (en) 2002-06-21 2003-06-20 Rock bolting system
CA2490111A CA2490111C (fr) 2002-06-21 2003-06-20 Systeme de boulons d'ancrage
NO20050269A NO20050269L (no) 2002-06-21 2005-01-17 Fjellboltingssystem.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPS3107 2002-06-21
AUPS3107A AUPS310702A0 (en) 2002-06-21 2002-06-21 Rock bolting system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004001192A1 true WO2004001192A1 (fr) 2003-12-31

Family

ID=3836668

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2003/000760 WO2004001192A1 (fr) 2002-06-21 2003-06-20 Systeme de boulons d'ancrage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20060093438A1 (fr)
AU (1) AUPS310702A0 (fr)
CA (1) CA2490111C (fr)
NO (1) NO20050269L (fr)
WO (1) WO2004001192A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7037046B2 (en) * 2002-06-21 2006-05-02 Jeffrey Robert Fergusson Yielding strata bolt
WO2007112481A1 (fr) * 2006-04-06 2007-10-11 Garford Pty Ltd Boulon deformable pour roches
WO2014123467A1 (fr) * 2013-02-07 2014-08-14 Våhlström Ola Boulon de roche
EP2195510A4 (fr) * 2007-09-25 2015-07-29 Hilti Ag Procédé de fixation d'un câble ou d'une armature de précontrainte
WO2019068787A1 (fr) * 2017-10-06 2019-04-11 Friedolf Mutschler Système d'arrêt de clou de perceuse
CN110118090A (zh) * 2019-06-13 2019-08-13 河南理工大学 用于防止隧道注浆加固引起地表隆起的防护结构

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100189515A1 (en) * 2006-08-14 2010-07-29 Brian Woolnough tensoning device
KR100915887B1 (ko) 2006-08-22 2009-09-07 고려대학교 산학협력단 록볼트 고정용 그라우트 품질검사장치
DE102007055835A1 (de) * 2007-12-17 2009-06-25 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Schutzelement
EP2395198B1 (fr) * 2010-06-14 2017-09-20 Minova International Limited Boulon de câble
US8757934B2 (en) * 2010-08-10 2014-06-24 Fci Holdings Delaware, Inc. Fully grouted cable bolt
US8967916B2 (en) * 2011-05-05 2015-03-03 Earth Support Services, Inc. Mine roof support apparatus and system
AU2015101987A4 (en) * 2014-10-28 2020-10-01 Fci Holdings Delaware, Inc. End coupling for a rock bolt
EP3314091B1 (fr) * 2015-06-23 2020-04-29 NCM Innovations (pty) Ltd Système de distribution de coulis de ciment
US10060809B1 (en) * 2016-10-27 2018-08-28 Larry C. Hoffman Friction stabilizer pull tester and method
CA2957748C (fr) 2017-02-13 2018-05-01 Lyle Kenneth Adams Joint de boulon a roche
CA3074313A1 (fr) * 2017-09-07 2019-03-14 Ncm Innovations (Pty) Ltd Manchon de distribution d'enduit de jointoiement adapte
IT201800002456A1 (it) * 2018-02-07 2019-08-07 Thur Srl Elemento allungato di collegamento per ancoraggi e procedimento per la realizzazione e la posa in opera di un elemento allungato di collegamento per ancoraggi.
CN108412526B (zh) * 2018-05-14 2023-12-15 重庆大学 一种自适应分级预警锚杆
CN114607426A (zh) * 2022-04-08 2022-06-10 中南大学 预应力弹簧机械涨壳端锚中空注浆长锚索全长锚固方法

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SU1460313A1 (ru) * 1987-01-07 1989-02-23 Институт Горного Дела Со Ан Ссср Способ установки трубчатого анкера
EP0207030B1 (fr) * 1985-06-17 1989-12-06 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Méthode pour stabiliser une structure de poche
US5018919A (en) * 1989-04-15 1991-05-28 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Combined rigid profile and stretching roof bolt with expansion element
DE4204533A1 (de) * 1992-02-15 1993-08-19 Gd Anker Gmbh & Co Kg Injektionsbohranker
DE29712094U1 (de) * 1997-07-09 1997-09-11 Bermüller & Co. GmbH, 90451 Nürnberg Verpreßanker

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GB2281366B (en) * 1993-08-16 1996-07-31 Bridon Plc Ribbed flexible member for casting into an anchorage medium
US5791823A (en) * 1996-12-06 1998-08-11 Inco Limited Yielding head for mine support
US5882148A (en) * 1997-02-07 1999-03-16 Dm Technologies Ltd. Apparatus for yielding support of rock
US6270290B1 (en) * 1997-02-14 2001-08-07 Jennmar Corporation Tensionable cable bolt
US6074134A (en) * 1997-02-14 2000-06-13 Jennmar Corporation Tensionable cable bolt
AU2002953368A0 (en) * 2002-12-16 2003-01-09 Garford Pty Ltd A yielding rock bolt
US20040161316A1 (en) * 2003-02-19 2004-08-19 F.M. Locotos Co., Inc. Tubular mining bolt and method

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EP0207030B1 (fr) * 1985-06-17 1989-12-06 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Méthode pour stabiliser une structure de poche
SU1460313A1 (ru) * 1987-01-07 1989-02-23 Институт Горного Дела Со Ан Ссср Способ установки трубчатого анкера
US5018919A (en) * 1989-04-15 1991-05-28 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Combined rigid profile and stretching roof bolt with expansion element
DE4204533A1 (de) * 1992-02-15 1993-08-19 Gd Anker Gmbh & Co Kg Injektionsbohranker
DE29712094U1 (de) * 1997-07-09 1997-09-11 Bermüller & Co. GmbH, 90451 Nürnberg Verpreßanker

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7037046B2 (en) * 2002-06-21 2006-05-02 Jeffrey Robert Fergusson Yielding strata bolt
WO2007112481A1 (fr) * 2006-04-06 2007-10-11 Garford Pty Ltd Boulon deformable pour roches
EP2195510A4 (fr) * 2007-09-25 2015-07-29 Hilti Ag Procédé de fixation d'un câble ou d'une armature de précontrainte
WO2014123467A1 (fr) * 2013-02-07 2014-08-14 Våhlström Ola Boulon de roche
US9835030B2 (en) 2013-02-07 2017-12-05 Ola Våhlström Rock bolt
AU2014215730B2 (en) * 2013-02-07 2018-03-22 Ola Vahlstrom Rock bolt
RU2648386C2 (ru) * 2013-02-07 2018-03-26 Рок Солюшнз Норз Аб Анкер
WO2019068787A1 (fr) * 2017-10-06 2019-04-11 Friedolf Mutschler Système d'arrêt de clou de perceuse
CN110118090A (zh) * 2019-06-13 2019-08-13 河南理工大学 用于防止隧道注浆加固引起地表隆起的防护结构
CN110118090B (zh) * 2019-06-13 2024-03-22 河南理工大学 用于防止隧道注浆加固引起地表隆起的防护结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20060093438A1 (en) 2006-05-04
CA2490111C (fr) 2012-03-13
AUPS310702A0 (en) 2002-07-11
NO20050269L (no) 2005-03-21
CA2490111A1 (fr) 2003-12-31

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