WO2003104600A1 - Thermal insulation, especially of insulated glass units - Google Patents

Thermal insulation, especially of insulated glass units Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003104600A1
WO2003104600A1 PCT/PL2003/000029 PL0300029W WO03104600A1 WO 2003104600 A1 WO2003104600 A1 WO 2003104600A1 PL 0300029 W PL0300029 W PL 0300029W WO 03104600 A1 WO03104600 A1 WO 03104600A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insulation
medium
transparent
polymer
skeleton
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/PL2003/000029
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mariusz Paszkowski
Original Assignee
Cnt Spolka Z O.O.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cnt Spolka Z O.O. filed Critical Cnt Spolka Z O.O.
Priority to AU2003224524A priority Critical patent/AU2003224524A1/en
Publication of WO2003104600A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003104600A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/54—Slab-like translucent elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light

Definitions

  • the object of this invention is thermal insulation, especially of insulated glass units, invisible to the user, fully transparent, that is neither diffusing, refracting or reflecting visible light, nor distorting images seen through the glazing.
  • thermal insulating materials owe their high thermal resistance, in many cases much higher than that of pure, free gas, to their specific structure with fine pores, occluding and separating from each other, minute portions of that gas, usually air. Thus divided space highly impedes development of thermal convection in the liquid medium.
  • These materials have numerous disadvantages: due to multiple refraction and reflection of rays on even fully transparent pore walls, they are, taken as a whole, completely opaque, which excludes them from many applications. This phenomenon is caused by a contrast between optical properties of the gaseous medium filling the pores and the polymer skeleton with a refraction index dramatically higher than that of gas.
  • thermal insulation especially of insulated glass unit, consists of two outer transparent sheets in the form of panes with a transparent medium between.
  • the essence of the solution according to this invention is that the medium that fills the insulation is amorphous, invisible and all its components have similar refraction and diffusion indices.
  • the medium is a two-phase, polymer-liquid system composed of a transparent spongy polymer skeleton filled with a transparent liquid with poor thermal conductivity; both media have similar light refraction and diffusion indices.
  • the skeleton's pores can be either closed or open.
  • the medium is a finely dispersed polymer-liquid system in the form of a polymer gel.
  • the medium employed is a single-component amorphous medium in the form of a solid glassy polymer.
  • Amorphous materials are characterised by low conductive transfer of heat, not only in the form of foamed or expanded plastics, but also in a solid form, that is, one deprived of any empty pores.
  • the first embodiment of the invention presents a synthetic polymer-liquid medium used as a transparent thermal insulation.
  • the skeleton 2a is closed, as shown in fig. 3.
  • Fig. 4 presents an open skeleton 2b.
  • Spaces of the skeleton 2 are filled with a transparent, organic or inorganic, nonflammable liquid 3, with poor thermal conductivity.
  • both media should be so selected that both media should have the closest possible light refraction and diffusion indices, which can prevent reflection, diffusion and dispersion of light at the phase border. Consequently, light travels unhindered through thus composed two-phase structure, as if through a monolithic, optically homogenous material.
  • the role of the spongy skeleton is to suppress thermal convection in the liquid by dividing it into cells small enough for the liquid's viscosity to prevent any macroscopic movement.
  • the liquid medium has a greater density, however, and that is why an important role of the skeleton is to hinder free transmission of hydrostatic pressure within the entire glazing; also, the skeleton takes over tensile forces inside the transparent partition, which prevents its deformation or rupture of its lower portions as a result of internal hydrostatic force.
  • the structure of the insulation involves the formation of an extremely finely dispersed polymer-liquid system, in a nanoscale, or even molecular scale, a type of a polymer gel 4, closely packed in the space between the panes 1 (fig. 5).
  • Such a macroscopically uniform, “smooth” system fully meets the requirements of suppressing convection, does not transfer hydrostatic pressure and has, when averaged, thermal properties of a stationary liquid.
  • the scale in which the structure is woven i.e., below the wavelength, prevents light diffusion and reflection on elements of the structure, even in the case of considerable difference between light refraction indices of the polymer chains and of the liquid medium.
  • the substance with such properties that is commercially available is the so-called wax gel - a perfectly transparent, with high thermal resistance, colourless colloidal dispersion of liquid hydrocarbons (usually paraffin oil), filling the molecular skeleton built of polymer chains.
  • polymer gel An advantage of the polymer gel is its adequate stiffness preventing it from flowing down under gravitational forces and breaking the bottom part of the glazing.
  • the stiffness exhibited by the gel does not, however, deprive it of its flexibility, needed to prevent it from breaking under thermal and mechanical stress and deformation.
  • the substance is highly flammable, which disqualifies it from applications in the building industry. For such a gel to be safely used to fill the glazing, it must be deprived of its flammability, for instance by introducing some additives or replacing paraffin oil with some inflammable or a self-extinguishing inorganic liquid.
  • the third embodiment involves introducing between the panes 1 a layer 5 of a homogenous, single-component amorphous medium, with thermal properties close to a liquid, for instance a glassy solid polymer.
  • this medium To be useful for filling the glazing, this medium must be deprived of its flammability.
  • Effective insulation made in accordance with this invention can be especially applied in the building industry, in structures whose role is to transmit daylight into spaces, and also watching surroundings of the building: windows, skylights, greenhouses, workshops, factory rooms/halls, facades, etc. Such insulation can also be applied in industry and in construction of research instruments, in various sight glasses, and inspection openings of reactors, furnaces, cryogenic instruments, etc.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

This invention solves the problem of developing transparent thermal insulation with high thermal resistance. The insulation is filled with an amorphous invisible medium whose all components have similar light diffraction and diffusion coefficients. The medium is a two-phase polymer-liquid system composed of a transparent spongy polymer skeleton 2 filled with a transparent liquid 3 with poor heat conductivity, both media having the closest possible light diffraction and diffusion indices.

Description

Thermal insulation, especially of insulated glass units
Field of the invention
The object of this invention is thermal insulation, especially of insulated glass units, invisible to the user, fully transparent, that is neither diffusing, refracting or reflecting visible light, nor distorting images seen through the glazing.
Background of the invention
Numerous known and widely applied thermal insulating materials owe their high thermal resistance, in many cases much higher than that of pure, free gas, to their specific structure with fine pores, occluding and separating from each other, minute portions of that gas, usually air. Thus divided space highly impedes development of thermal convection in the liquid medium. These materials, however, have numerous disadvantages: due to multiple refraction and reflection of rays on even fully transparent pore walls, they are, taken as a whole, completely opaque, which excludes them from many applications. This phenomenon is caused by a contrast between optical properties of the gaseous medium filling the pores and the polymer skeleton with a refraction index dramatically higher than that of gas.
Attempts made to develop a material that would have high thermal resistance and be transparent, were directed toward multiphase systems, with a gaseous phase or vacuum. Few solutions, however, have been proposed so far regarding solid transparent insulation, that is one without empty pore spaces and built of condensed phases (i.e., solid or liquid ones or combinations thereof). The system of glazing with a liquid component, described in patent US 4288953, intends to use an arrangement of vertical channels located inside glazing, which are filled, when full transparency is needed (e.g., to watch the surroundings), with a liquid having the same light refraction index as the polymer skeleton. But when filled with a liquid, the system cannot act as thermal insulator.
Other systems that have been described (EP 0937857, US 4264681) or are even commercially available (e.g., SGG SWISSFLAM, Central Glass Co. Ltd., etc.) are transparent, hydro gel-filled systems with insufficient thermal insulating properties under normal conditions. In the event of fire, these systems transform into a kind of a fire wall, irreversibly foamed by heat; it is only in that state that they acquire insulating properties. Unfortunately, this transformation results in an irreversible loss of transparency and a practical damage of the glazing.
Disclosure of the invention
In the solution according to this invention, thermal insulation, especially of insulated glass unit, consists of two outer transparent sheets in the form of panes with a transparent medium between.
The essence of the solution according to this invention is that the medium that fills the insulation is amorphous, invisible and all its components have similar refraction and diffusion indices.
The medium is a two-phase, polymer-liquid system composed of a transparent spongy polymer skeleton filled with a transparent liquid with poor thermal conductivity; both media have similar light refraction and diffusion indices. The skeleton's pores can be either closed or open.
In another variant of the solution, the medium is a finely dispersed polymer-liquid system in the form of a polymer gel.
In another solution the medium employed is a single-component amorphous medium in the form of a solid glassy polymer.
Amorphous materials are characterised by low conductive transfer of heat, not only in the form of foamed or expanded plastics, but also in a solid form, that is, one deprived of any empty pores. The lack of pores filled with a gaseous medium, with drastically lower light refraction index than in the case of a polymer skeleton, eliminates also light diffusion and reflection typical of polymer foams.
Brief description of the drawings
The solution according to this invention is explained in sample embodiments, where the subsequent figures present: fig. 1 - an insulated glass unit with a polymer skeleton inside, having the form of a system with parallel internal chambers filled with a liquid - a perspective view, fig. 2 - a variant of the insulated glass unit with a polymer skeleton inside, having the form of a system with closed parallel internal chambers filled with a liquid - a perspective view, fig. 3 - detail A shown in fig. 2 - internal structure of the closed skeleton, fig. 4 - detail B shown in fig. 2 - internal structure of the open skeleton, fig. 5 - a variant of the insulated glass unit filled with a medium in the form of gel, a perspective view, fig. 6 - a variant of the insulated glass unit with a solid internal insert, a perspective view.
Description of the embodiments of the invention
The first embodiment of the invention presents a synthetic polymer-liquid medium used as a transparent thermal insulation.
According to this example, presented in figs. 1 through 4, between panes 1 covered with effective low-E coating, there is a transparent, spongy polymer skeleton 2 in the form of parallel chambers (fig. 1).
In a variant of this embodiment, the skeleton 2a is closed, as shown in fig. 3. Fig. 4 presents an open skeleton 2b.
Spaces of the skeleton 2 are filled with a transparent, organic or inorganic, nonflammable liquid 3, with poor thermal conductivity.
In a liquid medium, much simpler methods are sufficient to suppress convection than in a gaseous medium; this is due to the much higher viscosity of the liquid medium. For very viscous media it is sufficient to divide the space into cells (drops, nests) several millimetres in size. When the insulation is made as a very loose one, that is, an open- pore, polymer skeleton, such as a macroscopic sponge, foam, thread-like structure, bound granules, etc., it is possible to fill the spaces later with a transparent filler, but this poses a risk of free propagation of hydrostatic pressure inside the filling. To ensure transparency of thus designed two-phase system, the materials of both media should be so selected that both media should have the closest possible light refraction and diffusion indices, which can prevent reflection, diffusion and dispersion of light at the phase border. Consequently, light travels unhindered through thus composed two-phase structure, as if through a monolithic, optically homogenous material. The role of the spongy skeleton is to suppress thermal convection in the liquid by dividing it into cells small enough for the liquid's viscosity to prevent any macroscopic movement. The liquid medium has a greater density, however, and that is why an important role of the skeleton is to hinder free transmission of hydrostatic pressure within the entire glazing; also, the skeleton takes over tensile forces inside the transparent partition, which prevents its deformation or rupture of its lower portions as a result of internal hydrostatic force. In the second proposed embodiment, the structure of the insulation involves the formation of an extremely finely dispersed polymer-liquid system, in a nanoscale, or even molecular scale, a type of a polymer gel 4, closely packed in the space between the panes 1 (fig. 5).
Such a macroscopically uniform, "smooth" system fully meets the requirements of suppressing convection, does not transfer hydrostatic pressure and has, when averaged, thermal properties of a stationary liquid. The scale in which the structure is woven, i.e., below the wavelength, prevents light diffusion and reflection on elements of the structure, even in the case of considerable difference between light refraction indices of the polymer chains and of the liquid medium. The substance with such properties that is commercially available is the so-called wax gel - a perfectly transparent, with high thermal resistance, colourless colloidal dispersion of liquid hydrocarbons (usually paraffin oil), filling the molecular skeleton built of polymer chains. An advantage of the polymer gel is its adequate stiffness preventing it from flowing down under gravitational forces and breaking the bottom part of the glazing. The stiffness exhibited by the gel does not, however, deprive it of its flexibility, needed to prevent it from breaking under thermal and mechanical stress and deformation. Unfortunately, the substance is highly flammable, which disqualifies it from applications in the building industry. For such a gel to be safely used to fill the glazing, it must be deprived of its flammability, for instance by introducing some additives or replacing paraffin oil with some inflammable or a self-extinguishing inorganic liquid.
The third embodiment involves introducing between the panes 1 a layer 5 of a homogenous, single-component amorphous medium, with thermal properties close to a liquid, for instance a glassy solid polymer.
For such a medium to be of practical importance, it must be inexpensive, easily machined and transparent. Polymers that are most widely used in glazing, that is sheets of plexiglas (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC) are, however, too expensive and their heat thermal conductivity is too high. An almost ideal material can be the so-called polystyrene (PS), or its co-polymers. Polystyrene is an amorphous, inexpensive polymer, with poor heat conductivity (its thermal conductivity, λ, is about 0.14), and its is adequately transparent. Its disadvantages include too low softening temperature is too low, poor mechanical properties and poor resistance to ultraviolet radiation.
Polystyrene photodegradation can be effectively prevented by proper additives
(photo stabilizers). It is also efficient to place the polymer sheet between sheets of material blocking penetration of ultraviolet radiation, for instance properly selected types of glass, additionally bound to that glass with flexible foil of polyisobutyral which is transparent to visible light but strongly absorbing ultraviolet radiation.
To be useful for filling the glazing, this medium must be deprived of its flammability.
Effective insulation made in accordance with this invention can be especially applied in the building industry, in structures whose role is to transmit daylight into spaces, and also watching surroundings of the building: windows, skylights, greenhouses, workshops, factory rooms/halls, facades, etc. Such insulation can also be applied in industry and in construction of research instruments, in various sight glasses, and inspection openings of reactors, furnaces, cryogenic instruments, etc.

Claims

Patent claims
1. Thermal insulation, especially of insulated glazing units, consisting of two outside transparent sheets in the form of panes with a transparent medium between, characterised in that the medium filling the insulation is an amorphous, invisible environment whose all components have similar light refraction and diffusion indices.
2. The insulation of Claim 1, characterised in that the medium is a two-phase polymer-liquid system composed of a transparent, spongy polymer skeleton 2 filled with a transparent liquid 3 with poor heat conductivity, both media having the closest possible light refraction and diffusion indices.
3. The insulation of Claim 1 , characterised in that skeleton 2a has closed pores.
4. The insulation of Claim 1, characterised in that skeleton 2b has open pores.
5. The insulation of Claim 1, characterised in that the medium is a finely dispersed polymer-liquid system in the form of polymer gel 4.
6. The insulation of Claim 1 , characterised in that the medium employed is a single-component amorphous medium in the form of a solid glassy polymer.
PCT/PL2003/000029 2002-06-10 2003-03-27 Thermal insulation, especially of insulated glass units WO2003104600A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003224524A AU2003224524A1 (en) 2002-06-10 2003-03-27 Thermal insulation, especially of insulated glass units

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PLP.354376 2002-06-10
PL02354376A PL354376A1 (en) 2002-06-10 2002-06-10 Thermal insulations, particularly combined window panels

Publications (1)

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WO2003104600A1 true WO2003104600A1 (en) 2003-12-18

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009046257A1 (en) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-12 Carcoustics Techconsult Gmbh Plate-like insulating layer for plate-like wall element of wall, particularly building wall, has plate-like foamed plastic which is open-cell or mixed cell and subset of cell of foamed plastic is filled with gel
CN104912447A (en) * 2012-08-28 2015-09-16 青岛科瑞新型环保材料有限公司 Transparent aerogel vacuum glass
CN112069464A (en) * 2020-09-05 2020-12-11 范玲珍 Building curtain wall engineering acceptance detection management system based on big data

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL220133B1 (en) 2008-04-14 2015-08-31 Ireneusz Rabczak Method for improvement of functional parameters of objects equipped with combined transparent elements and the electronic system to use that method

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1979000162A1 (en) * 1977-09-29 1979-04-05 Kemanobel Ab Glass-plastic laminate and method and device for its production
US4264681A (en) 1977-10-11 1981-04-28 Saint Gobain Industries Fire resistant glass window
US4288953A (en) 1980-05-15 1981-09-15 Carl Whiteford Thermal and optical multi-mode window
DE3831495C1 (en) * 1988-09-16 1989-12-07 Alfred Prof. Dr. 5100 Aachen De Boettcher Translucent heat insulation
DE4037136C1 (en) * 1990-11-22 1992-04-16 Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De Transparent thermal insulation layer for windows or solar polar(s) - comprises colourless silicon di:oxide solid and colourless paraffin liq., both having same refraction coefft.
US5587404A (en) * 1994-04-22 1996-12-24 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Gels with thermotropic properties
EP0937857A1 (en) 1998-02-24 1999-08-25 Clestra Hauserman, S.A. Fire resistant partition with glazing elements
JP2000247689A (en) * 1999-02-26 2000-09-12 Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd Gelling agent for double glazing and double glazing

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1979000162A1 (en) * 1977-09-29 1979-04-05 Kemanobel Ab Glass-plastic laminate and method and device for its production
US4264681A (en) 1977-10-11 1981-04-28 Saint Gobain Industries Fire resistant glass window
US4288953A (en) 1980-05-15 1981-09-15 Carl Whiteford Thermal and optical multi-mode window
DE3831495C1 (en) * 1988-09-16 1989-12-07 Alfred Prof. Dr. 5100 Aachen De Boettcher Translucent heat insulation
DE4037136C1 (en) * 1990-11-22 1992-04-16 Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De Transparent thermal insulation layer for windows or solar polar(s) - comprises colourless silicon di:oxide solid and colourless paraffin liq., both having same refraction coefft.
US5587404A (en) * 1994-04-22 1996-12-24 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Gels with thermotropic properties
EP0937857A1 (en) 1998-02-24 1999-08-25 Clestra Hauserman, S.A. Fire resistant partition with glazing elements
JP2000247689A (en) * 1999-02-26 2000-09-12 Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd Gelling agent for double glazing and double glazing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 12 3 January 2001 (2001-01-03) *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009046257A1 (en) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-12 Carcoustics Techconsult Gmbh Plate-like insulating layer for plate-like wall element of wall, particularly building wall, has plate-like foamed plastic which is open-cell or mixed cell and subset of cell of foamed plastic is filled with gel
CN104912447A (en) * 2012-08-28 2015-09-16 青岛科瑞新型环保材料有限公司 Transparent aerogel vacuum glass
CN112069464A (en) * 2020-09-05 2020-12-11 范玲珍 Building curtain wall engineering acceptance detection management system based on big data

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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AU2003224524A1 (en) 2003-12-22

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