WO2003102580A1 - Method of coupling binding agents to a substrate surface - Google Patents
Method of coupling binding agents to a substrate surface Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003102580A1 WO2003102580A1 PCT/SE2003/000879 SE0300879W WO03102580A1 WO 2003102580 A1 WO2003102580 A1 WO 2003102580A1 SE 0300879 W SE0300879 W SE 0300879W WO 03102580 A1 WO03102580 A1 WO 03102580A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- area
- binding agent
- flow
- substrate surface
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- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502769—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements
- B01L3/502776—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements specially adapted for focusing or laminating flows
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of coupling binding agents to a substrate surface by passing a binding agent-containing fluid flow over the surface, and more particularly by using hydrodynamic addressing techniques to selectively direct fluid flows to desired surface areas.
- the invention also relates to analytical use of the method.
- the flow cell has an inlet opening, a flow channel with a sensing surface, and an outlet opening.
- a sample fluid to be investigated is introduced through the inlet opening, passes through the flow channel and leaves the flow cell through the outlet opening.
- the flow cell may have more than one inlet opening and optionally more than one outlet opening to permit desired manipulations of the flow pattern within the flow cell.
- the sensing surface usually comprises a substance layer to which a recognition element for an analyte in the sample is immobilised, typically a biochemical affinity partner to the analyte.
- a recognition element for an analyte in the sample typically a biochemical affinity partner to the analyte.
- a physical or chemical change is produced on the sensing surface that can be detected by a detector, e.g. an optical, electrochemical or calorimetric detector.
- a flow channel may contain two or more sensing surfaces with different recognition elements.
- the sensing surface or surfaces in the flow cell may be functionalized, or sensitized, in situ, i.e. within the flow cell.
- WO 90/05305 discloses a method for functionalising a sensing surface having functional groups thereon by passing a reagent solution containing a bi- or polyfunctional ligand over the surface, the ligand having a function which immobilises the ligand on the sensing surface and at least one more function which is exposed on the sensing surface for interaction with the analyte.
- the sensing surface has a bound carboxymethyl-dextran layer.
- a ligand in the form of aminotheophylline or aminobiotin is coupled to the activated surface.
- WO 99/36766 discloses methods and systems using hydrodynamic addressing techniques to allow immobilisation of different ligands to discrete sensing areas within a single flow cell channel, as well as to permit controlled sample delivery to such sensitized areas.
- WO 99/36766 describes sensitization of two spaced apart sensing areas with different ligands. This is done by providing a laminar flow of a sensitising fluid adjacent to a laminar flow of non-sensitizing (blocking) fluid such that the fluids flow together over the sensing surface with an interface to each other. By adjustment of the relative flow rates of the two fluids the interface may be positioned laterally such that sensitising fluid selectively contacts a desired area of the sensing surface.
- the sensitizing fluid initially contains a first ligand capable of binding to the sensing surface and the interface is positioned such that the sensitizing fluid covers, say, about one third of the lateral extension of the sensing surface, and the blocking fluid covers the remaining two thirds, the first ligand will be immobilized to the first-mentioned third of the sensing surface. Then, the sensitizing fluid is replaced by blocking fluid, and the blocking fluid is replaced by a sensitizing fluid containing a second ligand.
- the second ligand By positioning the interface such that the sensitizing fluid again covers about one third of the lateral extension of the sensing surface, now, however, at the opposite side of the flow path, the second ligand will be immobilized to that area, thereby providing a sensing surface which, as seen laterally, has about one third immobilized with the first ligand, about one third immobilized with the second ligand, and an intermediate non- immobilized third which only has been in contact with blocking fluid and may suitably be used as a reference area.
- 99/36766 discloses the use of a so-called ⁇ -type flow cell having three inlets and a single outlet.
- a laminar flow of sensitizing fluid is sandwiched between two laminar flows of blocking fluid, and the sensitizing fluid may thereby be displaced laterally to selectively contact a number of sensing surface areas.
- a similar use of a ⁇ -type flow cell is disclosed in WO 00/56444.
- the ⁇ -type flow cell is advantageous in comparison with the Y-type flow cell in that the former readily permits sensitization with more than two different ligands
- the ⁇ -type flow cell requires the use of an additional pump (one pump for each fluid flow inlet) which considerably complicates the control of the different laminar flows. It would therefore be desired to be able to use a Y-type flow cell to sensitize a sensing surface with more than two different ligands. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method which permits coupling of multiple different ligands, or generally binding agents, to respective surface areas by hydrodynamic addressing using only two adjacent laminar fluid flows, such as e.g. in a Y-type flow cell.
- the present invention provides a method of coupling at least two different binding agents to respective defined areas of a substrate surface by hydrodynamic addressing based on two laminar fluid flows that flow together in the same direction over the substrate surface with an interface to each other, and selectively contacting a defined area of the substrate surface with a desired fluid by positioning the interface laterally through adjustment of the relative flow rates of the two fluid flows, which method comprises at least one of hydrodynamic addressing procedures A and B, wherein: procedure A comprises immobilizing a first binding agent to a first area of the substrate surface by contacting the area with a fluid containing the first binding agent, deactivating the first area by subjecting the area to a deactivating fluid, and immobilizing a second binding agent to a second area of the substrate surface by contacting a substrate surface area including the first and second areas with the second binding agent; and procedure B comprises deactivating a first area of the substrate surface by subjecting the area to a deactivating fluid, immobilizing a first binding agent to a second area of the substrate surface
- the method comprises the steps of: a) providing a substrate surface, at least a part of which is reactive (e.g. activated) to permit coupling of binding agents thereto; b) passing over the substrate surface a laminar flow of a fluid containing a first binding agent, and adjacent thereto a laminar flow of a blocking fluid that does not interact with the substrate surface such that the two fluids flow together in the same direction with an interface to each other, and adjusting the relative flow rates of the two laminar fluid flows to position the interface such that the first binding agent-containing fluid selectively contacts a first reactive (e.g.
- -Another embodiment of the method comprises the steps of: a) providing a substrate surface, at least part of which is reactive to permit coupling of binding agents thereto; b) passing over the substrate surface a laminar flow of a deactivating fluid, and adjacent thereto a laminar flow of a blocking fluid that does not interact with the substrate surface, such that the two fluids flow together in the same direction with an interface to each other, and adjusting the relative flow rates of the two laminar fluid flows to position the interface such that the deactivating fluid selectively contacts a first reactive area of the substrate surface for deactivation thereof; c) replacing the flow of the deactivating fluid with a laminar flow of a fluid containing a first binding agent, and adjusting the relative flow rates of the two laminar fluid flows to displace the interface laterally such that the first binding agent-containing fluid selectively contacts the deactivated area and an adjacent second reactive area of the substrate surface to selectively couple the first binding agent to the second area; d) replacing the flow of the first binding agent-
- the present invention provides the use of the method for analysing a fluid sample for the presence of at least one analyte.
- the present invention provides the use of the method for studying interactions of at least one analyte with the substrate surface.
- the present invention provides a computer program product comprising program code means stored on a computer readable medium or carried on an electrical or optical signal for performing the method.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the method of the present invention using a Y-type flow cell.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of the different steps in the method relating to Fig. 1.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of another method embodiment of the present invention using a Y-type flow cell. Detailed description of the invention
- the present invention is generally directed to the coupling of multiple binding agents to a substrate (solid support) surface using hydrodynamic addressing techniques to successively bring binding agent-containing fluid flows into selective contact with different surface areas to couple the different binding agents thereto. More particularly, two adjacent laminar fluid flows are provided which flow together over the substrate surface with an interface between them, as described in the aforementioned WO 99/36766 (the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein).
- the interface may be positioned laterally to make the different fluids contact respective desired areas of the substrate surface.
- one of the fluid flows contains a binding agent, and the other fluid flow is one that can not interact with the substrate surface, below frequently referred to as a blocking fluid.
- the surface should, of course, be sufficiently reactive towards the binding agent.
- the surface is activated by an activating agent as is per se well known in the art.
- a binding agent may be coupled to a (preferably activated) surface followed by selective deactivation of the coupled surface area, and optionally of an adjacent area but less than the whole activated surface, and a different binding agent is then coupled to an adjacent activated surface area, followed by deactivation of the activated surface area.
- a binding agent may readily be coupled to respective areas of an activated substrate surface, if desired with non-coupled areas between the coupled areas.
- the procedure may start with deactivating an edge area of the activated substrate surface, and a binding agent is then coupled to an activated area adjacent to the deactivated edge area.
- a binding agent may be coupled to a (preferably activated) surface by selective deactivation of a part of the activated substrate surface, coupling of a binding agent to the remaining activated area, reactivation of at least a part of the deactivated area, and coupling of a different binding agent to the reactivated area.
- a binding agent may be coupled to a (preferably activated) surface by selective deactivation of a part of the activated substrate surface, coupling of a binding agent to the remaining activated area, reactivation of at least a part of the deactivated area, and coupling of a different binding agent to the reactivated area.
- a pre-activated surface maybe used instead of activating the surface areas at the time of coupling the binding agents .
- binding agents coupled to the substrate surface are different. However, usually at least two adjacent binding agent coupled areas should not support the same binding agent.
- At least one surface area is not coupled with binding agent and used as a reference area(s).
- binding agent means any agent that is a member of a specific binding pair, including, for instance polypeptides, such as, e.g., proteins or f agments thereof, including antibodies; nucleic acids, e.g. oligonucleotides, polynucleotides, and the like; etc.
- the binding agent is often a ligand.
- ligand as used herein means a molecule that has a known or unknown affinity for a given analyte and can be immobilized on a predefined region of the surface.
- the ligand may be a naturally occurring molecule or one that has been synthesized.
- the ligand may be used er se or as aggregates with another species.
- the ligand may also be a cell.
- reactive with respect to a substrate surface means that the surface should exhibit a binding moiety, such as e.g. a functional group, capable of coupling to a binding agent.
- activation means modification of a substrate surface to enable coupling a binding agent thereto, usually modification of a functional group on the substrate surface.
- deactivation means modification of a reactive substrate surface, usually of an activated functional group thereon, such that coupling of a binding agent to the surface is substantially prevented. Deactivation may include restoring an original functional group or making a reactive functional group or other reactive moiety inactive in other ways.
- Activating and deactivating agents that may be used for the purposes of the present invention are per se well known to a person skilled in the art and may readily be selected for each particular situation.
- activating agent depends, of course, on the functional group to be activated and on the desired reactive group to be obtained by the activation, which in turn depends on the binding agent to be coupled to the substrate surface.
- exemplary functional group/activating agent combinations include those introducing hydroxysuccinimide esters, nitro- and dinitrophenyl esters, tosylates, mesylates, triflates and disulfides.
- a hydroxy group may be reacted to activated ester with disuccinic carbonate, or to epoxide with a diepoxide.
- a carboxy group may be activated to N-hydroxysuccinimide ester by reaction with N- hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and carbodiimide, e.g. l-[3-dimethylamino)propyl]-3- ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), or to dinitrophenyl ester by reaction with dinitrophenol.
- N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and carbodiimide e.g. l-[3-dimethylamino)propyl]-3- ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), or to dinitrophenyl ester by reaction with dinitrophenol.
- a thiol (mercapto) group may be activated to a disulfide group by reaction with e.g. a dipyridyldisulfide or (2-pyridinyldithio)ethaneamine.
- NHS/EDC activation of carboxy groups may be used to couple binding agents having an amine function (so-called amine coupling) or an aldehyde function (so-called aldehyde coupling).
- NHS/EDC activation may also be used to introduce thiol groups, e.g. by reaction with dithioerythritol (DTE). These thiol groups may then either (i) be reacted with an active disulfide group of a binding agent (so-called surface thiol coupling), or (ii) be activated to disulfide groups which may be reacted with a thiol function of a binding agent (so-called ligand thiol coupling).
- DTE dithioerythritol
- avidin or streptavidin maybe coupled to an NHS/EDC-activated surface to permit capture of a biotinylated binding agent (so-called avidin coupling).
- deactivating agent depends, of course, on the active grou ⁇ (s) to be deactivated.
- N-hydroxysuccinimide esters may be deactivated with ethanolamine or sodium hydroxide, deactivation with sodium hydroxide being reversible, i.e. the deactivated surface may be reactivated by activation with an activating agent.
- Coupled as used herein is to be interpreted in a broad sense and includes covalent binding as well as other types of binding.
- Suitable flow cells for use in the present invention may assume a number of forms, the design of which may vary widely.
- a preferred type of flow cell is the "Y-flow cell" which has two inlets and one outlet and which is described in, for example, the above-mentioned WO 99/36766.
- the substrate surface is usually a sensing surface, which term in the present context is to be construed broadly.
- the sensing surface may, for example, be a surface or surface layer that can interact specifically with a species present in a fluid, a surface or surface layer that can be chemically or physically sensitised to permit such interaction, or a surface or surface layer that can be chemically or physically activated to permit sensitisation thereof.
- a flow cell may contain one or more sensing surfaces. Binding events at the sensing surface may be detected by numerous techniques. In many cases it is favourable to use so-called non-label methods.
- detection methods include, but are not limited to, mass detection methods, such as piezoelectric, optical, thermo-optical and surface acoustic wave (SAW) device methods, and electrochemical methods, such as potentiometric, conductometric, amperometric and capacitance/impedance methods.
- mass detection methods such as piezoelectric, optical, thermo-optical and surface acoustic wave (SAW) device methods
- electrochemical methods such as potentiometric, conductometric, amperometric and capacitance/impedance methods.
- representative methods include those that detect mass surface concentration, such as reflection-optical methods, including both external and internal reflection methods, angle, wavelength, polarization, or phase resolved, for example evanescent wave ellipsometry and evanescent wave spectroscopy (EWS, or internal reflection spectroscopy), both may include evanescent field enhancement via surface plasmon resonance (SPR), Brewster angle refractometry, critical angle refractometry, frustrated total reflection (FTR), scattered total internal reflection (STIR), which may include scatter enhancing labels, optical wave guide sensors; external reflection imaging, evanescent wave-based imaging such as critical angle resolved imaging, Brewster angle resolved imaging, SPR-angle resolved imaging, and the like.
- photometric and imaging/microscopy methods “per se” or combined with reflection methods, based on for example surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS), evanescent wave fluorescence (TIRF) and phosphorescence may be mentioned, as well as waveguide interferometers, waveguide leaking mode spectroscopy, reflective interference spectroscopy (RIfS), transmission interferometry, holographic spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFR).
- SERS surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
- SERRS surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy
- TIRF evanescent wave fluorescence
- phosphorescence phosphorescence
- waveguide interferometers waveguide leaking mode spectroscopy
- RfS reflective interference spectroscopy
- transmission interferometry holographic spectroscopy
- AFR atomic force microscopy
- SPR spectroscopy may be mentioned as an exemplary commercially available analytical system to which the present invention may be applied.
- One type of SPR- based biosensors is sold by Biacore AB (Uppsala, Sweden) under the trade name
- biosensors utilize a SPR based mass-sensing technique to provide a "real-time" binding interaction analysis between a surface bound ligand and an analyte of interest.
- a Y-type flow cell generally designated by reference numeral 1 , has two inlets 2 and 3, respectively, and an outlet 4.
- the flow cell has a sensing surface 5 on a wall portion thereof.
- the sensing surface may, for example, be of the type described in U.S. Patents Nos. 5,242,828 and 5,436,161 (the full disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein) and may, for instance, include a matrix coating in the form of carboxymethylated dextran.
- a laminar flow of a first fluid, indicated by arrow 6, is introduced through inlet 2, and a laminar flow of a second fluid, indicated by arrow 7, is introduced through inlet 3 such that the two fluids flow together over the sensing surface 5 with an interface (not shown) between them, exiting through outlet 4, as indicated by arrow 8.
- the position of the interface may be displaced laterally as desired and be set at any distance from either side wall of the flow cell, l-inmobilization of three different ligands to the sensing surface 5 is performed as described in steps (1) to (10) below.
- Fig. 2 schematically illustrates the procedure. Each square in Fig. 2 represents a Y-cell, as shown in Fig.
- the procedure is started with the first fluid 6 being a fluid containing an activating agent, and the second fluid 7 being a blocking fluid (i.e. one that does not affect or interact with the sensing surface), such as buffer.
- the interface between the two fluid flows is positioned such that the activating fluid selectively covers a sensing surface area which, in the illustrated case, extends over more than half the lateral extension of the sensing surface as indicated by arrow 9.
- the activating agent may be N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) together with N-ethyl-N'-
- the activating fluid is then replaced by a fluid containing a deactivating agent, and the interface between the two fluid flows 6, 7 is positioned at the point of arrow 10, such that the deactivating fluid selectively covers an area 11 close to the flow cell wall 12, the buffer fluid covering the rest of the sensiug surface 5.
- the area 11 will thereby be deactivated so as not to react with ligand-containing fluid in the following step.
- the deactivating agent may, for example, be ethanolamine.
- the deactivating fluid 6 is then replaced by a fluid containing a first ligand, e.g. a first monoclonal antibody, and the interface between the two fluid flows 6, 7 is positioned at the point of arrow 13, such that the ligand-containing fluid selectively covers the deactivated area 11 as well as an adjacent activated area 14.
- the area 14 will thereby have the first ligand coupled thereto.
- the ligand-containing fluid 6 is then replaced by deactivating fluid, and the interface between the two fluid flows 6, 7 is positioned at the point of arrow 15, such that the deactivating fluid selectively covers areas 11, 14 and an adjacent activated area 16 which will thereby be deactivated.
- the deactivating fluid 6 is then replaced by a fluid containing a second ligand, e.g. a second monoclonal antibody, and the interface between the two fluid flows 6, 7 is positioned at the point of arrow 9, such that the ligand-containing fluid covers areas 11, 14, 16 and an adjacent activated area 17 extending between the points of arrows 9 and 15. The area 17 will thereby have the second ligand coupled thereto.
- the ligand-containing fluid 6 is then replaced by a deactivating fluid, and the interface between the two fluid flows 6, 7 is positioned at the point of arrow 9, such that the deactivating fluid covers areas 11, 14, 16 and 17 which will thereby be deactivated.
- the ligand-containing fluid 6, introduced through inlet 2 is then replaced by buffer, and the buffer flow 7, introduced through inlet 3, is replaced by activating fluid.
- the interface between the two fluid flows 6, 7 is positioned such that the activating fluid selectively covers an area extending as indicated by arrow 18, i.e. from the flow cell wall 19 towards but not up to the ligand-coupled area 17.
- the activating fluid 7 is then replaced by deactivating fluid, and the interface between the two fluid flows 6, 7 is positioned at the point of arrow 20 such that the deactivating fluid selectively covers an activated area 21 close to the flow cell wall 19 which area is thereby deactivated.
- the deactivating fluid 7 is then replaced by a fluid containing a third ligand, e.g. a third monoclonal antibody, and the interface between the two fluid flows 6, 7 is positioned at the.point of arrow 19, such that the ligand-containing fluid covers the area 21 and an adjacent activated area 22 extending between the points of arrows 18 and 20. This area 22 will thereby have the third ligand coupled thereto.
- a third ligand e.g. a third monoclonal antibody
- the ligand-containing fluid 7 is replaced by deactivating fluid, and the interface between the two fluid flows 6, 7 is positioned at the point of arrow 9 such that the deactivating fluid 7 selectively covers the deactivated area 21, the ligand-coupled area 22 and (in the illustrated case) a non-activated area 23 between the ligand-coupled areas 22 and 17 for deactivation thereof.
- the deactivating fluid may only cover the areas 21 and 22).
- the sensing surface 5 now exhibits three discrete sensing areas 14, 17 and 22, each supporting a different ligand, which sensing areas are separated mutually as well as to the flow cell walls 12, 19 by deactivated areas 11, 16, 21 and 23.
- the resulting Y- cell with the desired sensitized sensing surface is also shown in Fig. 2, to the right of the step 10 Y-cell.
- the flow cell 30 is a Y-cell similar to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, having two inlets 31, 32, an outlet 33 and a sensing surface on a wall portion thereof (not specifically indicated). Three detection spots, i.e. areas on the sensing surface that are measured by a detection system (not shown) are indicated at 34, 35 and 36. A number of images of flow cell 30, numbered from 1 to 9, are shown to illustrate the different steps of the procedure.
- the sensing surface may e.g. be carboxymethylated dextran
- the activating fluid may be an NHD/EDC-solution
- deactivating fluids may be sodium hydroxide solution and ethanolamine solution
- the blocking fluid buffer may be sodium hydroxide solution and ethanolamine solution.
- the procedure is started by passing a laminar flow of activating fluid through inlet 31 and blocking fluid through inlet 32.
- the interface between the two fluid flows is positioned such that the activating fluid covers detection spots 34 and 35 (i.e. two thirds of the lateral extension of the sensing surface).
- the activating fluid is then replaced by deactivating fluid, and the interface is positioned such that the deactivating fluid covers detection spot 34 (i.e. the left third of the sensing surface) to deactivate that part of the activated surface area, leaving the centre area that includes detection spot 35 activated.
- the deactivating fluid is selected such that the deactivated area may later be reactivated (e.g. sodium hydroxide as mentioned above).
- the deactivating fluid is then replaced by a fluid containing a first ligand, and the interface is positioned such that the ligand-containing fluid covers detection spots 34 and 35, i.e. the same area as that activated in step (1) above. Due to the deactivating step (2), the first ligand will only couple to the still activated centre area including detection spot 35.
- the activating fluid is then replaced by a fluid containing a second ligand, and the interface is positioned such that ligand-containing fluid covers the area that was activated in step (4) above. Thereby, the second ligand will be coupled to this area.
- the sensing surface now has the second ligand coupled to the left area that includes detection spot 34, and the first ligand to the centre area that includes detection spot 35.
- the activating fluid is then replaced by a fluid containing a third ligand, and the interface is maintained in the same position as in step (6) above to thereby couple the third ligand to the area that was activated in step (4) and includes detection spot 36.
- the activating fluid through inlet 31 is then replaced by deactivating fluid and inlet 32 is closed to deactivate all three ligand-coupled areas of the sensing surface.
- the deactivating fluid need not be one that permits reactivation as in ste ) (2) and must not affect the immobilised ligands, e.g. ethanolamine.
- the sensing surface now has three different ligands coupled thereto, i.e. the second ligand coupled to a lateral area including detection spot 34, the first ligand coupled a central area including detection spot 35, and the third ligand coupled to a lateral area including detection spot 36.
- ligands may readily be coupled to more than three different areas by following the above described procedure.
- An alternative immobilization procedure which partly avoids contacting a ligand with an area or areas to which ligands have already been immobilized, and does not require reactivation of a deactivated surface, will be schematically described below with reference to Fig. 3 again.
- Half the sensing surface is first activated by introducing activating fluid through inlet 31 and blocking fluid through inlet 32.
- a first ligand is then immobilized to an inner part (i.e. adjacent to the centre) of the activated area by introducing ligand through inlet 32 and blocking fluid through inlet 31, and positioning the fluid interface in the middle of the activated area.
- a second ligand is then immobilized to the remaining part of the activated area (i.e. adjacent to the flow cell wall) by introducing ligand through inlet 31 and blocking fluid through inlet 32.
- third and fourth ligands may then be immobilized to the other half of the sensing surface by activating this area and successively coupling the ligands, introduced through inlet 31 , according to the method variant described above with reference to Figs. 1 and 2, i.e. with intermediate deactivation of the inner area coupled with the third ligand before introducing the fourth ligand.
- a third ligand may be coupled to the remaining part of the activated area by introducing the ligand through inlet 32.
- a BIACORE® S51 instrument (Biacore AB, Uppsala, Sweden) was used. This instrument has two Y-type flow cells which allow a dual flow of fluids over a sensor chip surface, so-called hydrodynamic addressing, as described in WO 99/36766 mentioned above.
- the instrument uses three parallel detection spots on the sensor chip, each detection spot occupying one diode row in a diode array detector for detecting light reflected at the detection spots on the sensor chip surface. The detection spots are mutually spaced by one diode row.
- Sensor Chip CM5 (Biacore AB, Uppsala, Sweden) which has a gold-coated surface with a covalently linked carboxymethyl-modified dextran polymer hydrogel.
- Running buffer was HBS-N (10 mM HEPES pH 7.4 and 150 mM NaCl) (Biacore AB, Uppsala, Sweden).
- the output from the instrument is a "sensorgram” which is a plot of detector response (measured in "resonance units", RU) as a function of time. -An increase of 1000 RU corresponds to an increase of mass on the sensor surface of approximately 1 ng/mm ⁇ .
- Antibodies anti-IL-8, anti-IL-10 and anti-IL-12 against interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) were diluted 10 times from stock solution with 10 mM acetate pH 4.5. They were then immobilized in the two flow cells of the instrument by the hydrodynamic addressing procedure described above with reference to Figs. 1 and 2, using 10 minutes activation with EDC/NHS and sequential deactivation and ligand (antibody) immobilization. Each deactivation was performed with ethanolamine (100 mM, pH 8.5) for two minutes, and each antibody was injected for 7 minutes.
- each antibody was immobilized in parallel stripes extending through the spots used for detection in the BIACORE® S51 instrument, meaning that with regard to the detector there was one diode row between each immobilized spot.
- each antibody was immobilized such that it extended into one third of the adjacent interspaces.
- the resulting immobilization levels in resonance units (RU) for the different ligands are shown in Tables 1 (flow cell 1) and 2 (flow cell 2) below.
- Bold values show targeted immobilization spots. Indicated in italics below each immobilization level value is the percentage immobilized, obtained by subtracting the baseline before injection of antibody from the baseline after subsequent deactivation with ethanolamine.
- the corresponding antigens IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 were diluted to 500 ng/ml in HBS-N (Biacore AB, Uppsala, Sweden) and sequentially injected for 4 minutes in both flow cells. Between injections, the surfaces were regenerated with 0.1 trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) for 6 seconds.
- TFA trifluoroacetic acid
- cross-talk between spots was below 1%, except for IL-8 which bound by 1.5% and 1.8%, respectively, to the anti-IL-10 antibody, most likely due to cross-reactivity.
- Example 5 Following the procedure in Example 1 and using the same instrument and sensor chip, five different ligands were immobilized in a Y-cell. In this case, however, each ligand spot adjoined to the next one without any separating detector diode row. The interfaces between the spots were adjusted to obtain a 5% theoretical cross-talk to ensure homogeneity of the spots.
- the following ligands were sequentially immobilized: anti-IL-8, anti-myoglobin, anti-IL-10, anti-CKMB and anti-IL-12 (all from in-house sources, Biacore AB, Uppsala, Sweden).
- the resulting immobilization levels for flow cell 1, as well as the percentages cross-talk (in italics), are shown in Table 5 below.
- the antigens corresponding to the immobilized antibodies were then injected as described in Example 1, except that myoglobin and CKMB were each diluted to 5 ⁇ g/ml in HBS-N.
- the resulting binding level for each analyte in percent of that for the "active" spot (after subtraction of the average for buffer samples) are presented in Table 6 below.
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AU2003245189A AU2003245189B8 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2003-05-28 | Method of coupling binding agents to a substrate surface |
JP2004509415A JP4468803B2 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2003-05-28 | Method for coupling a binder to a substrate surface |
EP03738801.4A EP1509770B1 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2003-05-28 | Method of coupling binding agents to a substrate surface |
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US38462602P | 2002-05-31 | 2002-05-31 | |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2003245189A1 (en) | 2003-12-19 |
AU2003245189B2 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
US20100029015A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
EP1509770A1 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
WO2003102580A8 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
US20040058456A1 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
JP4468803B2 (en) | 2010-05-26 |
US9174214B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 |
JP2005528611A (en) | 2005-09-22 |
EP1509770B1 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
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