WO2003102404A1 - Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine comprising a thermal regulation of the exhaust gases - Google Patents

Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine comprising a thermal regulation of the exhaust gases Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003102404A1
WO2003102404A1 PCT/FR2003/001656 FR0301656W WO03102404A1 WO 2003102404 A1 WO2003102404 A1 WO 2003102404A1 FR 0301656 W FR0301656 W FR 0301656W WO 03102404 A1 WO03102404 A1 WO 03102404A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust
pipe
gases
exhaust gases
fraction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2003/001656
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Bertrand Gessier
Philippe Jouanny
Original Assignee
Valeo Thermique Moteur
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Thermique Moteur filed Critical Valeo Thermique Moteur
Priority to DE10392766.2T priority Critical patent/DE10392766B4/en
Priority to AU2003255624A priority patent/AU2003255624A1/en
Priority to JP2004509265A priority patent/JP2005528554A/en
Publication of WO2003102404A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003102404A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F02M26/28—Layout, e.g. schematics with liquid-cooled heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/42—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders
    • F02M26/44—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders in which a main EGR passage is branched into multiple passages
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to internal combustion engines, in particular for motor vehicles.
  • It relates to an exhaust and gas recirculation line of an internal combustion engine, and more particularly to an exhaust line comprising an exhaust pipe, a catalytic converter and a catalysis element intended to trap oxides of nitrogen, mounted in series on the exhaust pipe.
  • This exchanger is generally of the liquid-gas type and is connected to the engine cooling circuit.
  • the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine exhaust line which overcomes this drawback thanks to the presence of thermal regulation of the exhaust gases.
  • the exhaust line comprises a recycling pipe connected directly or indirectly to the exhaust pipe to recycle a fraction of the exhaust gases, as well as an exchanger heat to cool the recycled fraction of the exhaust gases, this cooling exchanger being interposed between the catalytic converter and the catalysis element. Thanks to this characteristic, the exchanger cools the recycled exhaust gases. This makes it possible, in a conventional manner, to lower the temperature of the combustion gases and, consequently, the level of emission of nitrogen oxides in these exhaust gases. But in addition, the presence of the exchanger also cools the non-recycled exhaust gases which pass through the catalysis element intended to trap the nitrogen oxides.
  • the catalysis element can be used in a greater temperature range of the exhaust gases, or even whatever the temperature of the latter. It is therefore possible to run the engine in a lean mixture more often, or even whenever it is desirable to reduce fuel consumption.
  • the cooling exchanger is mounted in series on the exhaust pipe.
  • the exhaust line comprises a bypass comprising an exhaust gas deflection pipe which brings a fraction or all of the exhaust gases to the exchanger for cooling the recycled gases and a exhaust pipe return of the exhaust gases which brings the recycled fraction of the exhaust gases to the exhaust pipe.
  • a control valve is interposed between the start connection of the exhaust gas deflection pipe and the arrival connection of the exhaust gas return pipe. This allows precise management of the flow rate of the recycled fraction of exhaust gases according to the needs of the engine.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the invention, in which the exhaust gas cooling exchanger is mounted directly on the exhaust pipe;
  • Figure 2 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention, in which the exchanger for cooling the exhaust gases is offset relative to the exhaust pipe.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 comprises an intake manifold 3 which is supplied with fresh air by a pipe 5 and an exhaust pipe 7 connected to an exhaust pipe 9 making it possible to convey the gases d exhaust to an exterior exhaust known as "silent" (not shown), which discharges the exhaust gases into the atmosphere.
  • an intake manifold 3 which is supplied with fresh air by a pipe 5 and an exhaust pipe 7 connected to an exhaust pipe 9 making it possible to convey the gases d exhaust to an exterior exhaust known as "silent" (not shown), which discharges the exhaust gases into the atmosphere.
  • a turbocharger 11 makes it possible to compress the air admitted into the engine in order to increase the specific power of the latter.
  • the turbocharger 11 comprises a drive turbine actuated by the energy of the exhaust gases and, therefore, mounted on the exhaust pipe 9.
  • a catalytic oxidation pot 13 is mounted in series on the exhaust pipe 9.
  • a catalysis element 15 intended to trap nitrogen oxides is also mounted on the exhaust pipe 9 downstream of the catalytic converter 13 according to the direction of exhaust of the gases.
  • a heat exchanger 17 is interposed between the catalytic converter 13 and the catalysis element 15.
  • the exchanger 17 makes it possible to cool the exhaust gases which exit from the catalytic converter 13. It is a liquid-gas type exchanger, it is cooled by the water from the engine cooling system.
  • a pipe 19 brings the water from the cooling circuit to the exchanger 17, as shown diagrammatically by the arrow 20. After exchange of heat with the exhaust gases, the water leaves the exchanger by a pipe 21 , as shown by the arrow 22.
  • a recycling pipe 23 connected to the exchanger 17 makes it possible to take a fraction of the cooled exhaust gases in the exchanger 17 and to reintroduce them into the exhaust pipe 3 in order to mix them fresh gas from the pipeline 5.
  • An impoverished mixture is thus produced which makes it possible, as explained above, to lower the combustion temperature of the engine and, consequently, the level of emission of nitrogen oxides.
  • a valve 25 mounted on the recycling pipe makes it possible to adjust the fraction of exhaust gas recycled in the engine.
  • FIG 2 another embodiment of an exhaust line of the invention. It differs from the first embodiment shown in Figure 1 by the fact that the exhaust gas cooling exchanger 17 is not mounted in series on the exhaust pipe 9, but offset relative to this pipe . In particular, in the example shown, this exchanger 17 is placed in the immediate vicinity of the engine, which makes it possible to considerably shorten the length of the recycling pipe 23.
  • the exchanger 17 is cooled by the water from the engine cooling circuit which enters via the pipe 9, as shown by the arrow 20, and which exits through the pipe 21, as shown by the arrow 22.
  • the cooling exchanger 17 is connected to the exhaust pipe 19 by a deflection pipe 27 which makes it possible to bring the recycled fraction of the exhaust gases to the inlet of the exchanger.
  • a return line 29 makes it possible to return the cooled gases to the exhaust line 9.
  • a control valve 31 is interposed between the start connection of the deflection pipe 27 and the arrival connection of the pipe 29.
  • the control valve 31 makes it possible to adjust the recycled fraction of the exhaust gases. When closed, all of the gases flow through the deflection line and the return line. When in the fully open position, all of the exhaust gases are routed directly to the outside without being recycled to the engine.
  • the regulation valve 31 also makes it possible to establish a back pressure at the exhaust which causes a rise in the exhaust temperature and therefore makes it possible to recover more heat.
  • turbocharger 11 which increases the amount air admitted into the engine / the invention also applies to an exhaust line for an engine without such a turbocharger.

Abstract

The exhaust system comprises an exhaust pipe (9), an exhaust catalyst chamber (13) and a catalytic element (15) for removal of nitrogen oxides mounted in the exhaust system (9). A recycling line (23) is directly or indirectly connected to the exhaust system (9) to recycle a fraction of the exhaust gases. A cooling heat exchanger for the exhaust gases (17) allows simultaneous cooling of the recycled and the non-recycled fraction of the exhaust gases. The above finds application in motor vehicle engines.

Description

Ligne d'échappement de moteur à combustion interne comportant une régulation thermique des gaz d'échappement Internal combustion engine exhaust line with thermal regulation of exhaust gases
L'invention se rapporte aux moteurs à combustion interne notamment pour véhicules automobiles.The invention relates to internal combustion engines, in particular for motor vehicles.
Elle concerne une ligne d'échappement et de recirculation des gaz d'un moteur à combustion interne, et plus particulièrement une ligne d'échappement comprenant une canalisation d'échappement, un pot catalytique et un élément de catalyse destiné à piéger les oxydes d'azote, montés en série sur la canalisation d'échappement.It relates to an exhaust and gas recirculation line of an internal combustion engine, and more particularly to an exhaust line comprising an exhaust pipe, a catalytic converter and a catalysis element intended to trap oxides of nitrogen, mounted in series on the exhaust pipe.
Les normes environnementales imposent une réduction importante des niveaux d'émission des moteurs à combustion interne de véhicules automobiles. Pour réduire la formation des oxydes d'azote, il est connu de recircùler, à faible charge et à charge partielle du moteur du véhicule, une fraction des gaz d'échappement vers les tubulures d'admission du moteur au moyen d'un tube ou d'une canalisation de recyclage. On parvient ainsi à diminuer la température de combustion et, par suite, la formation des oxydes d'azote.Environmental standards impose a significant reduction in the emission levels of internal combustion engines of motor vehicles. To reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides, it is known to recirculate, at low load and at partial load of the vehicle engine, a fraction of the exhaust gases to the engine intake manifolds by means of a tube or a recycling pipeline. This achieves a reduction in the combustion temperature and, consequently, the formation of nitrogen oxides.
Pour diminuer encore davantage le niveau d'émission des oxydes d'azote, il est connu d'introduire un échangeur de chaleur qui permet d'abaisser la température des gaz d'échappement recyclés à l'admission jusqu'à 100 "C environ. Cet échangeur est généralement du type liquide-gaz. Il est raccordé au circuit de refroidissement du moteur.To further reduce the emission level of nitrogen oxides, it is known to introduce a heat exchanger which makes it possible to lower the temperature of the exhaust gases recycled at the intake to around 100 "C. This exchanger is generally of the liquid-gas type and is connected to the engine cooling circuit.
Par ailleurs, il est également connu, particulièrement sur les moteurs à essence à injection directe qui produisent, lorsqu'ils fonctionnent en mélange pauvre (mélange d'air frais et de gaz recyclés), beaucoup d'oxydes d'azote, d'utiliser un catalyseur de réduction destiné à piéger ces oxydes d'azote. Ce catalyseur permet dans un premier temps de stocker les oxydes d'azote en milieu oxydant (mélange pauvre), et dans un deuxième temps de les réduire en milieu réducteur (mélange riche) .Furthermore, it is also known, particularly on petrol engines with direct injection which produce, when operating in a lean mixture (mixture of fresh air and recycled gases), a lot of nitrogen oxides, to use a reduction catalyst intended to trap these nitrogen oxides. This catalyst firstly stores the nitrogen oxides in an oxidizing medium (lean mixture), and secondly reduces them in a reducing medium (rich mixture).
Toutefois, un tel élément de catalyse présente l'inconvénient de fonctionner sur une plage de températures réduite. Cette limitation empêche de l'utiliser aussi souvent que ce serait possible et souhaitable pour exploiter au maximum les possibilités du moteur en réduction de la consommation de carburant. D'autre part, le niveau de température maximum acceptable pour ne pas détériorer les performances de cet élément de catalyse est plus faible (800 à 850 'C) que celui d'un catalyseur classique à trois voies (plus de 900'C).However, such a catalysis element has the disadvantage of operating over a reduced temperature range. This limitation prevents it from being used as often as possible and desirable to make the most of the engine's possibilities in reducing fuel consumption. On the other hand, the maximum acceptable temperature level so as not to deteriorate the performance of this catalysis element is lower (800 to 850 ° C.) than that of a conventional three-way catalyst (more than 900 ° C.).
On ne connaît pas actuellement de dispositifs de régulation thermique des gaz d'échappement.Exhaust gas thermal regulation devices are not currently known.
On connaît seulement des dispositifs permettant de modérer leur température en modulant la longueur du tuyau d'échappement avant le catalyseur de réduction destiné à piéger les oxydes d'azote (dossier de presse Eberspâcher) .Only devices are known which make it possible to moderate their temperature by modulating the length of the exhaust pipe before the reduction catalyst intended for trapping nitrogen oxides (press kit Eberspâcher).
La présente invention a pour objet une ligne d'échappement de moteur à combustion interne qui remédie à cet inconvénient grâce à la présence d'une régulation thermique des gaz d'échappement.The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine exhaust line which overcomes this drawback thanks to the presence of thermal regulation of the exhaust gases.
Ce but est atteint, conformément à l'invention, par le fait que la ligne d'échappement comprend une canalisation de recyclage raccordée directement ou indirectement à la canalisation d'échappement pour recycler une fraction des gaz d'échappement, ainsi qu'un échangeur de chaleur pour refroidir la fraction recyclée des gaz d'échappement, cet échangeur de refroidissement étant interposé entre le pot d'échappement catalytique et l'élément de catalyse. Grâce à cette caractéristique, l'échangeur permet de refroidir les gaz d'échappement recyclés. Cela permet, de manière classique, d'abaisser la température des gaz de combustion et, par suite, le niveau d'émission des oxydes d'azote dans ces gaz d'échappement. Mais en outre, la présence de l'échangeur permet de refroidir également les gaz d'échappement non recyclés qui traversent l'élément de catalyse destiné à piéger les oxydes d'azote.This object is achieved, in accordance with the invention, by the fact that the exhaust line comprises a recycling pipe connected directly or indirectly to the exhaust pipe to recycle a fraction of the exhaust gases, as well as an exchanger heat to cool the recycled fraction of the exhaust gases, this cooling exchanger being interposed between the catalytic converter and the catalysis element. Thanks to this characteristic, the exchanger cools the recycled exhaust gases. This makes it possible, in a conventional manner, to lower the temperature of the combustion gases and, consequently, the level of emission of nitrogen oxides in these exhaust gases. But in addition, the presence of the exchanger also cools the non-recycled exhaust gases which pass through the catalysis element intended to trap the nitrogen oxides.
Ainsi, l'élément de catalyse peut être utilisé dans une plage de températures des gaz d'échappement plus importante, voire quelle que soit la température dé ces derniers. On peut donc faire fonctionner le moteur en mélange pauvre plus souvent, voire chaque fois que cela est souhaitable pour réduire la consommation de carburant.Thus, the catalysis element can be used in a greater temperature range of the exhaust gases, or even whatever the temperature of the latter. It is therefore possible to run the engine in a lean mixture more often, or even whenever it is desirable to reduce fuel consumption.
Dans un premier mode de réalisation, l'échangeur de refroidissement est monté en série sur la canalisation d'échappement .In a first embodiment, the cooling exchanger is mounted in series on the exhaust pipe.
Dans un autre mode de réalisation, la ligne d'échappement comporte une dérivation comprenant une canalisation de déviation des gaz d'échappement qui amène une fraction ou la totalité des gaz d'échappement à l' échangeur de refroidissement des gaz recyclés et une canalisation de retour des gaz d'échappement qui ramène la fraction recyclée des gaz d'échappement à la canalisation d'échappement.In another embodiment, the exhaust line comprises a bypass comprising an exhaust gas deflection pipe which brings a fraction or all of the exhaust gases to the exchanger for cooling the recycled gases and a exhaust pipe return of the exhaust gases which brings the recycled fraction of the exhaust gases to the exhaust pipe.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, une vanne de régulation est interposée entre le branchement de départ de la canalisation de déviation des gaz d'échappement et le branchement d'arrivée de la canalisation de retour des gaz d'échappement. Cela permet de gérer avec précision le débit de la fraction recyclée des gaz d'échappement en fonction des besoins du moteur. D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront encore à la lecture de la description qui suit d'exemples de réalisation donnés à titre illustratif en référence aux figures annexées. Sur ces figures :According to another characteristic of the invention, a control valve is interposed between the start connection of the exhaust gas deflection pipe and the arrival connection of the exhaust gas return pipe. This allows precise management of the flow rate of the recycled fraction of exhaust gases according to the needs of the engine. Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the following description of embodiments given by way of illustration with reference to the appended figures. In these figures:
la Figure 1 illustre un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, dans lequel l'échangeur de refroidissement des gaz d'échappement est monté directement sur la canalisation d'échappement ; la Figure 2 illustre un second mode de réalisation de l'invention, dans lequel l' échangeur de refroidissement des gaz d'échappement est déporté par rapport à la canalisation d'échappement.Figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the invention, in which the exhaust gas cooling exchanger is mounted directly on the exhaust pipe; Figure 2 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention, in which the exchanger for cooling the exhaust gases is offset relative to the exhaust pipe.
Sur la Figure 1, le moteur à combustion interne 1 comporte une tubulure d'admission 3 qui est alimentée en air frais par une canalisation 5 et une tubulure d'échappement 7 raccordée à une canalisation d'échappement 9 permettant d'acheminer les gaz d'échappement vers un pot d'échappement extérieur dit "silencieux" (non représenté), qui évacue les gaz d'échappement dans l'atmosphère.In FIG. 1, the internal combustion engine 1 comprises an intake manifold 3 which is supplied with fresh air by a pipe 5 and an exhaust pipe 7 connected to an exhaust pipe 9 making it possible to convey the gases d exhaust to an exterior exhaust known as "silent" (not shown), which discharges the exhaust gases into the atmosphere.
Un turbocompresseur 11 permet de comprimer l'air admis dans le moteur afin d'augmenter la puissance spécifique de ce dernier. De manière classique, le turbocompresseur 11 comprend une turbine d'entraînement actionnée par l'énergie des gaz d'échappement et, de ce fait, montée sur la canalisation d'échappement 9.A turbocharger 11 makes it possible to compress the air admitted into the engine in order to increase the specific power of the latter. Conventionally, the turbocharger 11 comprises a drive turbine actuated by the energy of the exhaust gases and, therefore, mounted on the exhaust pipe 9.
Un pot d'oxydation catalytique 13 est monté en série sur la canalisation d'échappement 9. En outre, un élément de catalyse 15 destiné à piéger les oxydes d'azote est également monté sur la canalisation d'échappement 9 en aval du pot catalytique 13 selon le sens d'échappement des gaz.A catalytic oxidation pot 13 is mounted in series on the exhaust pipe 9. In addition, a catalysis element 15 intended to trap nitrogen oxides is also mounted on the exhaust pipe 9 downstream of the catalytic converter 13 according to the direction of exhaust of the gases.
Conformément à l'invention, un échangeur de chaleur 17 est interposé entre le pot catalytique 13 et l'élément de catalyse 15. L' échangeur 17 permet de refroidir les gaz d'échappement qui sortent du pot catalytique 13. C'est un échangeur de type liquide-gaz, il est refroidi par l'eau du circuit de refroidissement du moteur.According to the invention, a heat exchanger 17 is interposed between the catalytic converter 13 and the catalysis element 15. The exchanger 17 makes it possible to cool the exhaust gases which exit from the catalytic converter 13. It is a liquid-gas type exchanger, it is cooled by the water from the engine cooling system.
A cet effet, une canalisation 19 amène l'eau du circuit de refroidissement à l' échangeur 17, comme schématisé par la flèche 20. Après échange de chaleur avec les gaz d'échappement, l'eau quitte l'échangeur par une canalisation 21, comme schématisé par la flèche 22. Une canalisation de recyclage 23 raccordée à l' échangeur 17 permet de prélever une fraction des gaz d'échappement refroidis dans l'échangeur 17 et de les réintroduire dans la tubulure d'échappement 3 afin de les mélanger aux gaz frais provenant de la canalisation 5.For this purpose, a pipe 19 brings the water from the cooling circuit to the exchanger 17, as shown diagrammatically by the arrow 20. After exchange of heat with the exhaust gases, the water leaves the exchanger by a pipe 21 , as shown by the arrow 22. A recycling pipe 23 connected to the exchanger 17 makes it possible to take a fraction of the cooled exhaust gases in the exchanger 17 and to reintroduce them into the exhaust pipe 3 in order to mix them fresh gas from the pipeline 5.
On réalise ainsi un mélange appauvri qui permet, comme on l'a expliqué précédemment, d'abaisser la température de combustion du moteur et, par suite, le niveau d'émission des oxydes d'azote. Une vanne 25 montée sur la canalisation de recyclage permet de régler la fraction de gaz d'échappement recyclée dans le moteur.An impoverished mixture is thus produced which makes it possible, as explained above, to lower the combustion temperature of the engine and, consequently, the level of emission of nitrogen oxides. A valve 25 mounted on the recycling pipe makes it possible to adjust the fraction of exhaust gas recycled in the engine.
Grâce à la présence de l' échangeur 17 entre le pot catalytique 13 et l'élément de catalyse 15, la totalité des gaz d'échappement est refroidie. La fraction recyclée des gaz d'échappement est refroidie, ce qui permet d'augmenter l'efficacité de la recirculation. D'autre part, la fraction non recyclée des gaz d'échappement est également refroidie, ce qui permet de ne pas détériorer l'élément de catalyse 15 et de le faire fonctionner, y compris à charge élevée du moteur, lorsque les gaz rejetés ont une température importante qui est en dehors de la fenêtre de température optimum d'efficacité de l'élément de catalyse.Thanks to the presence of the exchanger 17 between the catalytic converter 13 and the catalysis element 15, all of the exhaust gases are cooled. The recycled fraction of the exhaust gases is cooled, which increases the efficiency of the recirculation. On the other hand, the non-recycled fraction of the exhaust gases is also cooled, which makes it possible not to deteriorate the catalysis element 15 and to operate it, even at high engine load, when the exhaust gases have a significant temperature which is outside the optimum temperature efficiency window of the catalysis element.
On a représente sur la Figure 2 un autre mode de réalisation d'une ligne d'échappement de l'invention. Elle se distingue du premier mode de réalisation représenté sur la Figure 1 par le fait que l'échangeur de refroidissement des gaz d'échappement 17 n'est pas monté en série sur la canalisation d'échappement 9, mais déporté par rapport à cette canalisation. En particulier, dans l'exemple représenté, cet échangeur 17 est disposé à proximité immédiate du moteur, ce qui permet de raccourcir de manière considérable la longueur de la canalisation de recyclage 23.We have shown in Figure 2 another embodiment of an exhaust line of the invention. It differs from the first embodiment shown in Figure 1 by the fact that the exhaust gas cooling exchanger 17 is not mounted in series on the exhaust pipe 9, but offset relative to this pipe . In particular, in the example shown, this exchanger 17 is placed in the immediate vicinity of the engine, which makes it possible to considerably shorten the length of the recycling pipe 23.
Dans cette réalisation également, l' échangeur 17 est refroidi par l'eau du circuit de refroidissement du moteur qui pénètre par la canalisation 9, comme schématisé par la flèche 20, et qui ressort par la canalisation 21, comme schématisé par la flèche 22. L ' échangeur ,de refroidissement 17 est raccordé à la canalisation d'échappement 19 par une canalisation de déviation 27 qui permet d'amener la fraction recyclée des gaz d'échappement à l'entrée de l' échangeur. Une canalisation de retour 29 permet de ramener les gaz refroidis vers la canalisation d'échappement 9.Also in this embodiment, the exchanger 17 is cooled by the water from the engine cooling circuit which enters via the pipe 9, as shown by the arrow 20, and which exits through the pipe 21, as shown by the arrow 22. The cooling exchanger 17 is connected to the exhaust pipe 19 by a deflection pipe 27 which makes it possible to bring the recycled fraction of the exhaust gases to the inlet of the exchanger. A return line 29 makes it possible to return the cooled gases to the exhaust line 9.
Une vanne de régulation 31 est interposée entre le branchement de départ de la canalisation de déviation 27 et le branchement d'arrivée de la canalisation 29. La vanne de régulation 31 permet de régler la fraction recyclée des gaz d'échappement. Lorsqu'elle est fermée, la totalité des gaz circule par la canalisation de déviation et la canalisation de retour. Lorsqu'elle est en position entièrement ouverte, la totalité des gaz d'échappement est acheminée directement vers l'extérieur sans être recyclée dans le moteur. La vanne de régulation 31 permet également d'établir une contre-pression à l'échappement qui provoque une élévation de la température d'échappement et permet donc de récupérer davantage de chaleur.A control valve 31 is interposed between the start connection of the deflection pipe 27 and the arrival connection of the pipe 29. The control valve 31 makes it possible to adjust the recycled fraction of the exhaust gases. When closed, all of the gases flow through the deflection line and the return line. When in the fully open position, all of the exhaust gases are routed directly to the outside without being recycled to the engine. The regulation valve 31 also makes it possible to establish a back pressure at the exhaust which causes a rise in the exhaust temperature and therefore makes it possible to recover more heat.
Bien que les exemples décrits en référence aux Figures 1 et 2 comportent un turbocompresseur 11 qui augmente la quantité d'air admise dans le moteur/ l'invention s'applique également à une ligne d'échappement pour un moteur dépourvu d'un tel turbocompresseur. Although the examples described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 include a turbocharger 11 which increases the amount air admitted into the engine / the invention also applies to an exhaust line for an engine without such a turbocharger.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Ligne d'échappement des gaz d'un moteur à combustion interne, notamment de véhicule automobile, comprenant une canalisation d'échappement (9), un pot d'échappement catalytique (13) et un élément de catalyse (15) destiné à piéger les oxydes d'azote, montés en série sur la canalisation d'échappement (9),1. Exhaust line for the gases of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, comprising an exhaust pipe (9), a catalytic converter (13) and a catalysis element (15) intended for trap nitrogen oxides, mounted in series on the exhaust pipe (9),
caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une canalisation de recyclage (23) raccordée directement ou indirectement à la canalisation d'échappement (9) pour recycler une fraction des gaz d'échappement, ainsi qu'un échangeur de chaleur (17) pour refroidir la fraction recyclée des gaz d'échappement, cet échangeur de refroidissement (17) étant interposé entre le pot d'échappement catalytique (13) et l'élément de catalyse (15).characterized in that it comprises a recycling pipe (23) connected directly or indirectly to the exhaust pipe (9) to recycle a fraction of the exhaust gases, as well as a heat exchanger (17) to cool the recycled fraction of the exhaust gases, this cooling exchanger (17) being interposed between the catalytic exhaust (13) and the catalysis element (15).
2. Ligne d'échappement selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l' échangeur de refroidissement (17) est monté en série sur la canalisation d'échappement (9).2. Exhaust line according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling exchanger (17) is mounted in series on the exhaust pipe (9).
3. Ligne d'échappement selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une dérivation comprenant une canalisation de déviation (27) des gaz d'échappement qui amène une fraction ou la totalité des gaz d'échappement à l' échangeur de refroidissement (21) et une canalisation de retour (29) des gaz d'échappement qui ramène la fraction recyclée des gaz d'échappement à la canalisation d'échappement (9).3. Exhaust line according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a bypass comprising a pipe for deflecting (27) the exhaust gases which brings a fraction or all of the exhaust gases to the heat exchanger. cooling (21) and a return pipe (29) for the exhaust gases which brings the recycled fraction of the exhaust gases to the exhaust pipe (9).
4. Ligne d'échappement selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une vanne de régulation (31) interposée entre le branchement de départ de la canalisation de déviation (27) et le branchement d'arrivée de la canalisation de retour des gaz d'échappement (29). 4. Exhaust line according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a control valve (31) interposed between the start connection of the deflection pipe (27) and the arrival connection of the return pipe exhaust gas (29).
PCT/FR2003/001656 2002-06-04 2003-06-02 Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine comprising a thermal regulation of the exhaust gases WO2003102404A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

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DE10392766.2T DE10392766B4 (en) 2002-06-04 2003-06-02 Exhaust pipe for an internal combustion engine with a thermal control of the exhaust gases
AU2003255624A AU2003255624A1 (en) 2002-06-04 2003-06-02 Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine comprising a thermal regulation of the exhaust gases
JP2004509265A JP2005528554A (en) 2002-06-04 2003-06-02 Exhaust line of internal combustion engine including exhaust heat control device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0206856 2002-06-04
FR0206856A FR2840355B1 (en) 2002-06-04 2002-06-04 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE EXHAUST LINE COMPRISING THERMAL CONTROL OF EXHAUST GASES

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EP2302190B1 (en) 2009-09-25 2013-12-25 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Exhaust gas recycling system
JP6041690B2 (en) * 2013-01-31 2016-12-14 ダイハツ工業株式会社 Internal combustion engine with EGR device
US10024275B2 (en) * 2016-01-12 2018-07-17 Ford Global Technologies Llc Condensate management system for an exhaust gas cooler and heat recovery device
JP2018003719A (en) * 2016-07-04 2018-01-11 株式会社Ｓｏｋｅｎ Cooling system and control device of the same

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DE10392766T5 (en) 2005-06-16
JP2005528554A (en) 2005-09-22
FR2840355A1 (en) 2003-12-05
DE10392766B4 (en) 2014-01-09
FR2840355B1 (en) 2006-02-17
AU2003255624A1 (en) 2003-12-19

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