WO2003100713A2 - Procede pour la transmission d'une information a l'aide d'une camera - Google Patents
Procede pour la transmission d'une information a l'aide d'une camera Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003100713A2 WO2003100713A2 PCT/FR2003/001606 FR0301606W WO03100713A2 WO 2003100713 A2 WO2003100713 A2 WO 2003100713A2 FR 0301606 W FR0301606 W FR 0301606W WO 03100713 A2 WO03100713 A2 WO 03100713A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- image
- contour
- block
- terminal
- data
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 102100034156 Apical endosomal glycoprotein Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 101000780564 Homo sapiens Apical endosomal glycoprotein Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100066898 Mus musculus Flna gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000013075 data extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V30/00—Character recognition; Recognising digital ink; Document-oriented image-based pattern recognition
- G06V30/10—Character recognition
- G06V30/14—Image acquisition
- G06V30/142—Image acquisition using hand-held instruments; Constructional details of the instruments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
- G06V10/20—Image preprocessing
- G06V10/32—Normalisation of the pattern dimensions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
- G06V10/20—Image preprocessing
- G06V10/24—Aligning, centring, orientation detection or correction of the image
- G06V10/247—Aligning, centring, orientation detection or correction of the image by affine transforms, e.g. correction due to perspective effects; Quadrilaterals, e.g. trapezoids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the digital entry of information present on a medium, using a camera fitted to a communication terminal. Its purpose is to allow the terminal to store and / or transmit this information to a recipient on the understanding that, in order to be used, this information must be extracted and corrected to take account in particular of projective deformations and / or supplemented by incorporation of background and / or textual data.
- Such a process is particularly suitable for the transmission of textual and / or graphic information taken by a camera fitted to a portable communication terminal such as, for example, a cellular radio transmitter / receiver.
- Document recognition is akin to image recognition; it concerns all questions around written language and its digital transformation: character recognition, text formatting, content structuring and access to information by its indexing.
- the model describes the elements that make up the document and their relationships; this description can be physical for example by giving the layout format.
- the document image is perfectly straight and of sufficient resolution; this facilitates in particular the search for the columns of the text in the case where two consecutive columns are very close to each other and the recognition of characters if these are of particularly reduced size; it is therefore necessary to detect the overall angle of deviation of the page and to improve the definition of the image, in particular, those coming from a camera of insufficient quality making it possible to distinguish the details of a text or a graphic taken at a certain distance and guarantee a minimum resolution for character recognition; several algorithms have been developed to detect the angle of inclination of the text; however, this cannot exceed 10 to 20 ° in the scanning plane.
- the difficulty becomes insurmountable when the document has been viewed by a camera under any incidence, the document having undergone a projective deformation: from a certain distance from the camera, one notes the disappearance of details in the image which are necessary character recognition and therefore understanding of the document.
- the invention more particularly aims to eliminate these drawbacks and allow the storage and / or transmission to a recipient of corrected information, possibly supplemented by incorporation of a background and / or textual data.
- the invention proposes a solution taking into account the constraints due to the size of a conventional communication terminal, its resources, both hardware and software, and transmission rates.
- the method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- this process may include taking several images and merging or selecting the extracted data, before or after correction,
- the contextual data and the raw data may be transmitted to the aforesaid receiver, who may carry out the above corrections and transmit the corrected data to the recipient, at the request of the above-mentioned terminal,
- the correction can be made by the processing means of the terminal while the corrected data can be transmitted directly to the recipient by the terminal or indirectly through the receiver,
- the contextual data may be transmitted to the receiver, which will be able to process this data and transmit to the terminal control instructions allowing the processing means of the terminal to correct the raw data,
- the contextual data and the raw data relating to said information can be transmitted to the receiver, which can carry out the above correction and transmit the corrected data to the recipient as well as control instructions allowing the processing means of the terminal to perform themselves correction of raw data,
- the aforementioned terminal may include means of access to an image bank as well as means allowing an overlay of the corrected data in at least one selected image.
- the correction step provided for in the method according to the invention may include the following operating phases: - the creation of an outline in the document to be processed or around the document to be processed, either using a plot (for example: rectangle quadrilateral) made manually or printed, or using a frame any hollowed-out material, - the presentation of the document to be processed in front of the camera at any angle so that the above-mentioned outline is entirely visible in the image present on the display screen,
- this process makes it possible to:
- a communication network such as the Internet, a cellular network such as GSM, GPRS or UMTS,
- the method according to the invention may involve:
- - a screen for viewing the image taken by the camera, - means of transmission and storage of digitized information.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a system for extracting and correcting information contained in an image taken by a communication terminal equipped with a camera;
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation for illustrating the problems posed by shooting a document under any incidence
- FIG. 3 represents a flowchart concerning the acquisition of the image and the search for the outline in the image
- FIG. 4 represents a flowchart concerning the extraction, the fusion of the contents of the images and the generation of the final image
- FIG. 5 represents a detailed flowchart concerning the search for an outline in the image
- FIG. 6 represents a detailed flowchart concerning the selection of the contour and the calculation of the projective deformation of the contour found in the image
- FIG. 7 represents a detailed flowchart concerning the fusion of the information contained in the contour found and the enhancement of the contrasts of the images
- FIG. 8 represents a detailed flowchart concerning the obtaining of the final image
- FIG. 9 is a schematic representation illustrating a mode of selection of the contour in graphic form
- FIG. 10 is a schematic representation illustrating another mode of selection of the contour.
- the system for implementing the method according to the invention involves a communication terminal TC, comprising a transmitter TR such as, for example, a GSM mobile telephone conventionally comprising a Ei transmitter and Ri receiver.
- a communication terminal TC comprising a transmitter TR such as, for example, a GSM mobile telephone conventionally comprising a Ei transmitter and Ri receiver.
- This terminal TC is equipped with a digital camera CN making it possible to take pictures of a support O comprising textual data DT and contextual data DC.
- the digital data delivered by the camera CN, for each of the images of the support O are transmitted to a processing circuit comprising a device for extracting contextual data EC (which may consist of a contour inscribed in the support O, for example a document that one wishes to process) and a device for extracting the raw textual data EDTB relating to the information contained in the image.
- This EDTB extraction device is designed so as to be able to possibly use the contextual data extracted by the EC extraction device.
- the EDTB extraction device is connected to a CC correction circuit which is designed so as to at least partially correct the raw data delivered by the EDTB extraction device from the contextual data delivered by the EC extraction device.
- the data corrected by the corrector circuit CC are transmitted to the transmitter ⁇ of the transmitter TR with a view to being retransmitted to a recipient DES, namely directly, or via a REC receiving device located at a distance from the transmitter TR.
- the reception device REC is equipped with a processing circuit TRC making it possible to correct the raw data possibly partially corrected by the corrector circuit CC of the communication terminal TC. This correction is made using the contextual data extracted by the extraction device EC and transmitted to the reception device REC by the terminal TC.
- this REC reception device may be equipped with an automatic handwriting recognition system so that information can be reused in a text editor.
- the reception device REC may be designed so as to develop instructions or processing algorithms, from the contextual data transmitted by the terminal TC and to transmit these instructions or these algorithms to the correction circuit CC, via a transmitter E 2 and the receiver Ri, so as to allow the terminal TC to carry out the correction of the raw data using a simplified CC corrector circuit (the heavy processing operations which require significant resources being carried out by the processing circuit TRC of the REC receiving device).
- the data corrected by the corrector circuit CC or by the processing circuit TRC could be transmitted to an overlay circuit CI located upstream of the transmitter TR which makes it possible to incorporate and possibly merge these corrected data into or less an image selected by a SEL selection circuit.
- the overlay circuit may include means making it possible to incorporate into said selected image other information such as, for example, textual and / or graphic information.
- This image can for example consist of a monochrome background. It can be selected from a plurality of images stored or possibly downloaded in the terminal TC, or even taken by the camera.
- these images could come from a BDI image database equipping the REC receiver.
- the terminal TC could be designed so as to send to the receiver REC an order for selecting an image contained in the database BDI.
- the receiver REC will be designed so as to send the selected image to the terminal TC in order to perform the overlay.
- the terminal TC may include an AF display making it possible to display the data and possibly the contextual data, possibly embedded in an image, before transmitting them to the recipient DES, either directly or via the receiver REC.
- the camera C is focused on the center of a rectangular document D at an angle of incidence i.
- the image of this document captured by camera C as viewed on a screen E, has undergone projective deformation and therefore has a trapezoidal shape D '.
- the invention proposes to include in the document D contextual data, here a closed outline in the document to be processed or around the document to be processed.
- This outline could also consist of the peripheral edge of the document; it thus constitutes a scanning zone viewed by the camera; successive images acquired by the camera are made visible on the display screen.
- the method comprises a first step of search for the contour (block 1), until the contour found (block 2) is obtained; the contour being detected, the image is saved (block 3) and the acquisition is complete; the process is repeated until N images are obtained, N being fixed in advance (block 4).
- the method performs a calculation of the projective deformations of the contours (block 5), then the fusion of the information contained in the images (block 6) and finally the generation of the 'final image (block 7).
- the method comprises the detection of the borders present in the image (block 11), the extraction of the sufficiently long borders (block 12) and the detection of the areas delimited by the borders found whose l the area is sufficient and does not touch the edge of the image (block 13).
- the method proposes, for each area found in the contour search phase, to calculate the main axis of the area (block 51), then to find a point external to the area on the axis (block 52), then construct the external cone coming from the external point (block 53), then extract the points of the border whose external normal opposes the vector joining it and leaving the external point ( block 54), then to calculate the line carried by the main axis of the extracted points (block 55), then, four lines being found, to calculate the four vertices of the quadrilateral from the four lines (block 56), then, the area of the quadrilateral being close to the area of the area, calculate the homography deforming the quadrilateral into a rectangle of proportion fixed in advance (block 57).
- the method proposes to calculate the axis deduced by translation of the principal axis of the extracted points, in the direction perpendicular to this one (block 58). If the area of the right quadrilateral is not close to the area of the area not yet considered, the method proposes to perform a calculation of the main axis of the area again (block 51), followed by the operations defined above.
- the method comprises, for each image to be processed by the correction of projective deformation, the construction of a virtual rectangular image by projection of the content of the contour using the calculated homography (block 61) , the enhancement of the contrast of the virtual image by application of a so-called edge enhancement filter (block 62), then the calculation of the average virtual image, the color intensities of which are the average of the color intensities of the virtual images raised (block 63).
- the sought-after contour 1 is represented, in FIG. 9, by its four line segments la, lb, le and ld:
- Points 4 and 5 are two points among the extracted points which define the border of the zone materialized by the line segment la, since the normals outside contour 41 and 51 are opposed to the half-lines joining points 3 and 4 respectively. , 3 and 5.
- the method for selecting a scanning zone by camera, for correcting projective deformation, for improving resolution and then for binarization comprises:
- this process allows the presentation, the exploitation, the transmission and the storage of scanned texts and graphics, previously viewed by a camera under any incidence and then processed by correcting the projective deformation and by improving the resolution.
- the contextual data may include an unclosed contour produced by freehand.
- the detection of this CO contour may be carried out according to an operating sequence comprising the following steps (FIG. 10):
- a horizontal line for example the median line of the image of a pixel having with the surrounding pixel (s) a significant level variation (for example determined by the first derivative of the gray levels of l 'image at the level of these pixels),
- this axis will preferably be a main axis XX '- YY' of the contour and, if necessary, a secondary axis) and, on this axis:
- PS ' 2 such as for example angles or ends of the contour, using for this purpose for each of the external points PEi, PE2, two line segments (SD SD'i) - (SD 2 , SD' 2 ) from an external point and defining an angle in which the contour is inscribed, and
- the contour CO has approximately the shape of a lying U.
- the singular points consist of the two ends PS ' l5 PS' 2 of the contour CO and the two vertices PSi, PS 2 of the angles respectively formed between the core and the two branches of the U.
- the main axis XX ' is not used due to the fact that it only cuts the outline once. This is the reason why the YY 'axis is used (which overlaps the main axis XX' at the barycenter G).
- the method according to the invention may include a process for classifying the support of the image (plain paper / grid paper) and eliminating the grid in the case of grid paper.
- This process consists in determining whether the plots of the low gradient image (variation of the gray levels) constitute a grid extending to at least one border of the image. If this is the case, the method consists in raising the threshold beyond which the gradients are taken into account so as to eliminate the grid.
- this process implies that the grid lines have a lower contrast (with reference to the paper) than the handwritten content of the image, which is true in the vast majority of cases.
- This process could include the following steps: - the choice of the smallest significant gradient threshold with regard to noise to detect the contour for example in the manner previously indicated, - if the patterns detected touch a border surrounding the image, the deduction that grid lines are present on the support,
- the data extraction process may be carried out in a sequence comprising the following steps:
- V 0 [C, L] ⁇ Red [C, L] + ⁇ Green [C, L] + ⁇ Blue [C, L]
- step b The iteration of step b a predetermined number of times and then taking into account the final value V Nfina ⁇ -
- the values of D [C, L] are quantified in a predetermined number of levels (it being understood that a binarization is obtained in the case where the number of levels is equal to 2).
- the threshold value (Vs) may consist of the grid disappearance gradient threshold value used in the grid removal process described above.
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- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
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- Image Analysis (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004508085A JP2006514344A (ja) | 2002-05-27 | 2003-05-27 | 通信端末に装備したカメラによる情報のデジタル捕捉、記憶、及び送信方法 |
AU2003254539A AU2003254539A1 (en) | 2002-05-27 | 2003-05-27 | Method for transmission of information by means of a camera |
EP03755214A EP1581906A2 (fr) | 2002-05-27 | 2003-05-27 | Procede pour la saisie numerique, le stockage et/ou la transmission d'une information a l aide d une camera equipant un terminal de communication |
US10/515,843 US20060164517A1 (en) | 2002-05-27 | 2003-05-27 | Method for digital recording, storage and/or transmission of information by means of a camera provided on a comunication terminal |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0206579A FR2840093B1 (fr) | 2002-05-27 | 2002-05-27 | Procede de numerisation par camera avec correction de la deformation et amelioration de la resolution |
FR02/06579 | 2002-05-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003100713A2 true WO2003100713A2 (fr) | 2003-12-04 |
WO2003100713A3 WO2003100713A3 (fr) | 2005-12-29 |
Family
ID=29415144
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2003/001606 WO2003100713A2 (fr) | 2002-05-27 | 2003-05-27 | Procede pour la transmission d'une information a l'aide d'une camera |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060164517A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1581906A2 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2006514344A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101103620A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2003254539A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2840093B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003100713A2 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005341147A (ja) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-12-08 | Sharp Corp | 画像撮像装置 |
JP2007531094A (ja) * | 2004-03-23 | 2007-11-01 | リアルアイズスリーディー | カメラ写真から得られる画像から原データを抽出する方法 |
US7636467B2 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2009-12-22 | Nokia Corporation | Binarization of an image |
US8269848B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2012-09-18 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Camera calibration method and camera calibration device |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006136958A2 (fr) * | 2005-01-25 | 2006-12-28 | Dspv, Ltd. | Systeme et procede permettant d'ameliorer la lisibilite et l'applicabilite d'images de documents, par le biais d'un renforcement d'image a base de forme |
DE102007021518B4 (de) * | 2007-05-04 | 2009-01-29 | Technische Universität Berlin | Verfahren zum Verarbeiten eines Videodatensatzes |
WO2010116457A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-14 | Necディスプレイソリューションズ株式会社 | Dispositif d'affichage vidéo et procédé de traitement vidéo |
EP2559244B1 (fr) * | 2010-04-13 | 2017-08-02 | GE Video Compression, LLC | Codage des cartes de signification et des blocs de coefficients de transformation |
US8781152B2 (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2014-07-15 | Brian Momeyer | Identifying visual media content captured by camera-enabled mobile device |
JP5796747B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-22 | 2015-10-21 | カシオ計算機株式会社 | 情報処理装置及びプログラム |
EP2981932B1 (fr) * | 2013-04-02 | 2018-11-14 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Systèmes et procédés de reconnaissance de notes |
JP5974140B1 (ja) * | 2015-06-12 | 2016-08-23 | 株式会社タカラトミー | 画像処理装置、画像処理方法及びプログラム |
US10438400B2 (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2019-10-08 | Nvidia Corporation | Perceptually-based foveated rendering using a contrast-enhancing filter |
US10499026B1 (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2019-12-03 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Automation correction of projection distortion |
CN109615695B (zh) * | 2018-11-13 | 2023-02-17 | 远景能源(南京)软件技术有限公司 | 房屋外部的空间照片到屋顶cad图纸的自动化转换方法 |
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US5857029A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1999-01-05 | United Parcel Service Of America, Inc. | Method and apparatus for non-contact signature imaging |
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JP5108172B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-06 | 2012-12-26 | 株式会社ニコン | 画像データサイズ変換処理装置、電子スチルカメラ、および画像データサイズ変換処理用記録媒体 |
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2002
- 2002-05-27 FR FR0206579A patent/FR2840093B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-05-27 AU AU2003254539A patent/AU2003254539A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-27 JP JP2004508085A patent/JP2006514344A/ja active Pending
- 2003-05-27 US US10/515,843 patent/US20060164517A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-27 CN CNA038152762A patent/CN101103620A/zh active Pending
- 2003-05-27 EP EP03755214A patent/EP1581906A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-05-27 WO PCT/FR2003/001606 patent/WO2003100713A2/fr active Application Filing
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US4776464A (en) * | 1985-06-17 | 1988-10-11 | Bae Automated Systems, Inc. | Automated article handling system and process |
US5857029A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1999-01-05 | United Parcel Service Of America, Inc. | Method and apparatus for non-contact signature imaging |
US20020057848A1 (en) * | 1999-04-29 | 2002-05-16 | Yap-Peng Tan | Using an electronic camera to build a file containing text |
US20020049836A1 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2002-04-25 | Atsushi Shibuya | Communication system, terminal device used in commuication system, and commuication method of dislaying informations |
US20020131637A1 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2002-09-19 | Darwin Hu | Pocket scanners |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007531094A (ja) * | 2004-03-23 | 2007-11-01 | リアルアイズスリーディー | カメラ写真から得られる画像から原データを抽出する方法 |
JP2005341147A (ja) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-12-08 | Sharp Corp | 画像撮像装置 |
US8269848B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2012-09-18 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Camera calibration method and camera calibration device |
US7636467B2 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2009-12-22 | Nokia Corporation | Binarization of an image |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003100713A3 (fr) | 2005-12-29 |
JP2006514344A (ja) | 2006-04-27 |
CN101103620A (zh) | 2008-01-09 |
FR2840093A1 (fr) | 2003-11-28 |
AU2003254539A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 |
FR2840093B1 (fr) | 2006-02-10 |
EP1581906A2 (fr) | 2005-10-05 |
AU2003254539A8 (en) | 2003-12-12 |
US20060164517A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
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