WO2003100453A1 - Acoustic subsea monitoring system - Google Patents

Acoustic subsea monitoring system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003100453A1
WO2003100453A1 PCT/NO2003/000162 NO0300162W WO03100453A1 WO 2003100453 A1 WO2003100453 A1 WO 2003100453A1 NO 0300162 W NO0300162 W NO 0300162W WO 03100453 A1 WO03100453 A1 WO 03100453A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
monitoring system
subsea
help
acoustic monitoring
equipment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2003/000162
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Arild Haugen Svein
Original Assignee
Naxys As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Naxys As filed Critical Naxys As
Priority to GB0426961A priority Critical patent/GB2405475B/en
Priority to AU2003241230A priority patent/AU2003241230A1/en
Publication of WO2003100453A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003100453A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
    • G01S11/14—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/80—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • G01S3/802—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/808—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using transducers spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
    • G01S3/8083—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using transducers spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems determining direction of source

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multifunctional hydro acoustic monitoring system with a number of fixed subsea acoustic sensors (hydrophones) and a subsea central unit comprising an amplifier and a A/D-converter. More specific, the invention relates to a system which at distance and by help of acoustic measurements discover a measure imbalance, vibrations and wear of rotating machinery, measures vibrations in subsea structures, monitors the condition of valves and also discovers leakage. The system can also be used to measure or detect at a distance the amount of particles and bodies which are situated inside pipelines.
  • the mentioned condition parameters will create a characteristic sound which spreads through the water from the equipment to be monitored and to the monitoring system.
  • the mentioned functionality can be obtained.
  • the system classifies and quantifies the condition parameters, the invention constitutes a tool for error seeking and deciding about maintenance of subsea equipment .
  • a such system will make maintenance possible, simultaneously with similar operations on surrounding process units on the sea bed and at the surface, so that loss of production is avoided.
  • preventive maintenance of subsea equipment is planned during summertime, so that a cheap intervention vessel can be used.
  • the expenses for such a planned maintenance operation will be small with respect to an urgency operation to return to production, and to repair possible damages, in the occasion that critical equipment brakes down in the middle of the winter.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a system for monitoring of the mentioned type.
  • This object is, according to the present invention, obtained by help of a stationary subsea system according to the characterising part of the independent claim 1, and alternative embodiments are characterised by the dependent claims 2-9.
  • the central unit comprises devices for:
  • the system comprises at least 3 three-dimensional and, in respect to the equipment to be monitored, freely placed subsea acoustic sensors and where a device for digitised signal processing in a known way is arranged to monitor a number of parameters simultaneously, and which, with help of data about the three-dimensional placement, can calculate direction and distance to the single sound emission, i.e. localisation of this, to be able to monitor a complete subsea structure comprising different parts.
  • the devices for digital signal processing, data storage, data communication and electrical power supply are stationary arranged in the central unit .
  • the system has by help of the communication unit, in a known way periodical or continuous communication with an operation central on an oil platform, on board of a vessel, an aircraft, a satellite or on land.
  • One further embodiment of the system is that it entirely, or the parts that are under water, by help of the communication unit, and via the parts that possibly are located out of the water, in a known way communicates periodically or continuously with an operation central at an oil platform, on board of a vessel, an aircraft, a satellite or on land.
  • Another embodiment of the system comprises anchoring of the system to secure the monitoring system against movement caused by trawling, water current and ROV-work, where the anchoring comprises directly fastening of hydrophones and other parts of the system that are located under water to the units to be monitored, alternatively connecting to the sea bed by help of one or more poles, wire, rope and/or the like, and where the system configuration after mounting is known .
  • One further embodiment of the system is that hydrophones and other parts of the system that are located under water are placed on a asymmetrical pole or multiple poles with known orientation.
  • One further embodiment of the system is that it is self powered, where the power supply comprises a battery.
  • the power supply comprises a cable connection to the power source on sea or on land, and that the data transmission also is performed via such cable connection.
  • Sys tem is used to refer to the invention.
  • Equipment and sub equipmen t is used to refer to the components to be monitored.
  • Hydrophone or subsea acoustic sensors or just sensors is used for special subsea microphones to catch sound waves under water.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic overview of a typical underwater equipment .
  • Figure 2 shows a principle drawing for the electric components in one embodiment of the system.
  • Figure 3 shows an autonomic variation of the system and a variation of the system where data can be transmitted realtime to a vessel or the like.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of a typical underwater equipment 10, where monitoring of subequipment is desired. It is desirable to monitor the condition of subsea structure 13, rotating machinery 14 and valves 15. It is also desired to monitor equipment for leakage 16, and to measure the concentration of, or discover, particles 17 and bodies 18, inside the pipelines.
  • the monitoring system 11a can be placed freely on the structure or it can be anchored to the structure by the help of one or more poles 12.
  • the monitoring system can also be anchored to the sea bed lib or to surrounding mountains lie .
  • the monitoring system can also be placed freely, close to the structure lid. For all embodiments, the monitoring system is placed at a distance from the single parts to be monitored.
  • each subequipment creates each for itself a characteristic sound emission 19 which is related to the condition parameters to be monitored.
  • Figures 2 shows an embodiment of the system that is equipped with one or more acoustical sensors 21, components for amplification and filtering 22, digitising 23, digital signal processing 24, data storage 25, data communication 26 and electrical power supply 27.
  • all the components are actually placed under water.
  • the characteristics of the single components are adapted to the different parameters to be monitored, while the acoustical sensors are arranged in a three-dimentional configuration so that in combination with digital signal processing, distance and direction sensitivity is obtained.
  • the signal processing is performed outside the water, i.e. the component for signal processing is located on an oil platform, on a vessel, on land, or the like.
  • both the components for signal processing and data storage are located outside the water.
  • Figure 3 shows that the system can be made in an autonomic version 31, where data is stored locally for later analysis, or can be made in a version 32 connected to a communication system 33, so that data can be real-time analysed by computers and/or a human at the surface.
  • Version 31 will be identical to the embodiment shown in figure 2, but the communication unit is only used periodically. Version 32 can use any of the above- mentioned 3 embodiments.
  • data can be analysed for example on board of a ship, platform or on land.
  • the characteristic features of the sounds which are created by the different condition parameters to be monitored distinguish themselves sufficiently to be able to isolate and quantify these characteristics in a high degree, by means of filtering and digital signal processing, without mutual influence. Additional margins are obtained through the above mentioned directional and distance sensitivity.
  • phased array Known methods for digital signal processing are for example frequency analysis, frequency-time analysis, wavelet analysis. These methods, combined with methods to obtain directional and distance sensitivity (in professional terms called "phased array”) are used to describe the sound emission which is created by the single processes.
  • the monitoring system is made in such a way that it can be placed totally independent on or by the equipment to be monitored, or in that the system very simple is placed on one or more poles that are secured against movement . In that multiple poles are used, the system gets a known orientation, which forms a reference for the direction sensitivity. A known orientation of the hydrophones of the system in respect to the actual components in the equipment to be monitored is required in all occations.
  • the system can also be anchored in other ways. The system can thus be installed or removed without influencing the other equipment to be monitored.
  • One of the unique features of the system is that it by help of a centrally placed monitoring system can monitor a number of conditional parameters for equipment with a geometrical extension which is larger than the one of the system.
  • Professionals will readily acknowledge that a number of variations of the invention will be obvious, taken in concern the above-mentioned description. For example, further signal processing, data storage and analysis can happen after the raw data is sent to the surface via the communication system. In the light of this the invention should just be restricted by the following claims.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a subsea monitoring system with at least 3 three-dimensionally placed hydrophones. The hydrophones are fixed at a distance from the equipment to be monitored, so that the sound that is produced by the monitored objects is emitted through the water. The system is direction sensitive and can separate sounds of different equipment from each other, in order to manage simultaneous monitoring of a number of equipment objects of different types.

Description

ACOUSTIC SUBSEA MONITORING SYSTEM
The present invention relates to a multifunctional hydro acoustic monitoring system with a number of fixed subsea acoustic sensors (hydrophones) and a subsea central unit comprising an amplifier and a A/D-converter. More specific, the invention relates to a system which at distance and by help of acoustic measurements discover a measure imbalance, vibrations and wear of rotating machinery, measures vibrations in subsea structures, monitors the condition of valves and also discovers leakage. The system can also be used to measure or detect at a distance the amount of particles and bodies which are situated inside pipelines.
In principle, the mentioned condition parameters will create a characteristic sound which spreads through the water from the equipment to be monitored and to the monitoring system. By interpreting the sounds that are received by the monitoring system, either manually by listening to the sound, or by help of a computer, the mentioned functionality can be obtained. By that the system classifies and quantifies the condition parameters, the invention constitutes a tool for error seeking and deciding about maintenance of subsea equipment .
At present, no system is known to continuously monitor stationary subsea equipment under operation with the purpose of preventive maintenance. Generally, maintenance of such units is done by the equipment being operated until it breaks down. Thus, sooner or later a non-planed shutdown will occur, and there is generally a strong time pressure to replace components. To avoid time wasting error seeking it can therewith become necessary to replace large units. Further, breakdown and subsequent replacement will often arise during the most exposed and unsuitable seasons.
It is known to listen in order to monitor and diagnose condition in mechanical equipment such as vehicles, boats. At sea, for example, so called sonars are used to indicate the position and type of vessels. In a similar way a sonar according to US patent 4.001.764 is used to indicate leakage in subsea pipelines. This is done by that sound waves are sent out which then reflect and are registered. US patent 4.628.737 shows hydro acoustical monitoring of a subsea installation, and is based on emission of acoustical signal and registration of echo. US patent 4.041.442 operates with a number of sensors that in co-operation with sub-multiplexers and a main-multiplexer collect acoustic signals. Similar systems are described in US patents 5.138.587, 5.303.207 and 5.894.450.
As disclosed in the above mentioned US patents, it is known to use pulse echo methods to amongst others discover leakage in pipelines or cracks in structures. In order to observe the condition in the equipment on the sea bed, it is however sufficient to use the own noise of the equipment. Further there is known technology, arranged to study oceanographic and other condition from a movable device in water. Such technology is not suitable for continuously monitoring. Further there are known devices and systems designed for study of a single unit, or to study one, and just one parameter. Even the above- mentioned US patent 4.041.442, which describes a system for possible passive monitoring, has the disadvantage that it needs a sensor for each signal, i.e. each operational parameter, to be studied, which causes the need for a large amount of sensors and an unnecessary expensive and vulnerable system. Another disadvantage is that the system does not comprise any devices for connection to the sea bed or the like, since the system is designed to be moved .
Thus, there is a need for a stationary system that, with few and dependable components, and with the intention of preventive maintenance, continuously can monitor multiple types of conditions, i.e. a number of condition parameters, for more equipment components, and for more types of equipment that all emit noise in connection to changes in the operational parameters.
A such system will make maintenance possible, simultaneously with similar operations on surrounding process units on the sea bed and at the surface, so that loss of production is avoided. In unsheltered areas, preventive maintenance of subsea equipment is planned during summertime, so that a cheap intervention vessel can be used. The expenses for such a planned maintenance operation will be small with respect to an urgency operation to return to production, and to repair possible damages, in the occasion that critical equipment brakes down in the middle of the winter. There is therefor the need for a system that can monitor equipment under operation, so that replacement can happen preventively and also planned and coordinated.
The need for systems that monitor conditional parameters of subsea equipment is expected to increase in the future since there is a tendency in the oil and gas industry to build out fields where more and more types of equipment are placed on the sea bed, instead of on a platform.
The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a system for monitoring of the mentioned type. This object is, according to the present invention, obtained by help of a stationary subsea system according to the characterising part of the independent claim 1, and alternative embodiments are characterised by the dependent claims 2-9.
The central unit comprises devices for:
• digital signal processing,
• data storage,
• data communication; and
• electrical power supply where the system comprises at least 3 three-dimensional and, in respect to the equipment to be monitored, freely placed subsea acoustic sensors and where a device for digitised signal processing in a known way is arranged to monitor a number of parameters simultaneously, and which, with help of data about the three-dimensional placement, can calculate direction and distance to the single sound emission, i.e. localisation of this, to be able to monitor a complete subsea structure comprising different parts. An alternative embodiment of the system is that the devices for digital signal processing, data storage, data communication and electrical power supply are stationary arranged in the central unit .
The system has by help of the communication unit, in a known way periodical or continuous communication with an operation central on an oil platform, on board of a vessel, an aircraft, a satellite or on land.
One further embodiment of the system is that it entirely, or the parts that are under water, by help of the communication unit, and via the parts that possibly are located out of the water, in a known way communicates periodically or continuously with an operation central at an oil platform, on board of a vessel, an aircraft, a satellite or on land.
Another embodiment of the system comprises anchoring of the system to secure the monitoring system against movement caused by trawling, water current and ROV-work, where the anchoring comprises directly fastening of hydrophones and other parts of the system that are located under water to the units to be monitored, alternatively connecting to the sea bed by help of one or more poles, wire, rope and/or the like, and where the system configuration after mounting is known .
One further embodiment of the system is that each single one of the system's subsea acoustical sensors and the system entirely, in otherwise known ways monitor and measure one or more of the following condition parameters which are related to sound that is produced by the subsea equipmen : a) unbalance, cavitation, wear and vibration in the rotating machinery b) vibration in the subsea structures c) the condition of valves d) leakage e) the amount of particles or bodies that are located on the inside of pipelines, where the sound sources are separated from each other by help of, in it self known, filtering and digital signal processing and on the basis of the typical features of the sounds.
One further embodiment of the system is that hydrophones and other parts of the system that are located under water are placed on a asymmetrical pole or multiple poles with known orientation.
One further embodiment of the system is that it is self powered, where the power supply comprises a battery.
Another embodiment of the system is that the power supply comprises a cable connection to the power source on sea or on land, and that the data transmission also is performed via such cable connection.
In the description the following terms are used: Sys tem is used to refer to the invention. Equipment and sub equipmen t is used to refer to the components to be monitored.
Hydrophone or subsea acoustic sensors or just sensors is used for special subsea microphones to catch sound waves under water. Three figures are enclosed, where:
Figure 1 shows a schematic overview of a typical underwater equipment .
Figure 2 shows a principle drawing for the electric components in one embodiment of the system. Figure 3 shows an autonomic variation of the system and a variation of the system where data can be transmitted realtime to a vessel or the like.
Figure 1 shows a schematic overview of a typical underwater equipment 10, where monitoring of subequipment is desired. It is desirable to monitor the condition of subsea structure 13, rotating machinery 14 and valves 15. It is also desired to monitor equipment for leakage 16, and to measure the concentration of, or discover, particles 17 and bodies 18, inside the pipelines. The monitoring system 11a can be placed freely on the structure or it can be anchored to the structure by the help of one or more poles 12. The monitoring system can also be anchored to the sea bed lib or to surrounding mountains lie . The monitoring system can also be placed freely, close to the structure lid. For all embodiments, the monitoring system is placed at a distance from the single parts to be monitored. In principle, each subequipment creates each for itself a characteristic sound emission 19 which is related to the condition parameters to be monitored.
Figures 2 shows an embodiment of the system that is equipped with one or more acoustical sensors 21, components for amplification and filtering 22, digitising 23, digital signal processing 24, data storage 25, data communication 26 and electrical power supply 27. In this embodiment all the components are actually placed under water. The characteristics of the single components are adapted to the different parameters to be monitored, while the acoustical sensors are arranged in a three-dimentional configuration so that in combination with digital signal processing, distance and direction sensitivity is obtained.
In another embodiment, which is not shown in the figures, the signal processing is performed outside the water, i.e. the component for signal processing is located on an oil platform, on a vessel, on land, or the like.
In a third embodiment, both the components for signal processing and data storage are located outside the water.
Figure 3 shows that the system can be made in an autonomic version 31, where data is stored locally for later analysis, or can be made in a version 32 connected to a communication system 33, so that data can be real-time analysed by computers and/or a human at the surface.
Version 31 will be identical to the embodiment shown in figure 2, but the communication unit is only used periodically. Version 32 can use any of the above- mentioned 3 embodiments. At the surface, data can be analysed for example on board of a ship, platform or on land.
The characteristic features of the sounds which are created by the different condition parameters to be monitored distinguish themselves sufficiently to be able to isolate and quantify these characteristics in a high degree, by means of filtering and digital signal processing, without mutual influence. Additional margins are obtained through the above mentioned directional and distance sensitivity. By comparing the measurement values of the mentioned characteristics against an established set of normal and critical values, one will be able to classify and measure condition parameters on the equipment to be monitored.
Known methods for digital signal processing are for example frequency analysis, frequency-time analysis, wavelet analysis. These methods, combined with methods to obtain directional and distance sensitivity (in professional terms called "phased array") are used to describe the sound emission which is created by the single processes.
The monitoring system is made in such a way that it can be placed totally independent on or by the equipment to be monitored, or in that the system very simple is placed on one or more poles that are secured against movement . In that multiple poles are used, the system gets a known orientation, which forms a reference for the direction sensitivity. A known orientation of the hydrophones of the system in respect to the actual components in the equipment to be monitored is required in all occations. The system can also be anchored in other ways. The system can thus be installed or removed without influencing the other equipment to be monitored.
One of the unique features of the system is that it by help of a centrally placed monitoring system can monitor a number of conditional parameters for equipment with a geometrical extension which is larger than the one of the system. Professionals will readily acknowledge that a number of variations of the invention will be obvious, taken in concern the above-mentioned description. For example, further signal processing, data storage and analysis can happen after the raw data is sent to the surface via the communication system. In the light of this the invention should just be restricted by the following claims.

Claims

1. Multifunctional hydro acoustic monitoring system with a number of fixed subsea acoustic sensors and a subsea central unit comprising an amplifier and a A/D-converter, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the central unit comprises devices for:
• digital signal process (24) ,
• data storage (25) ,
• data communication (26) ; and
• electrical power supply (27) , where the system comprises at least 3 three-dimensional and, in respect with the equipment to be monitored, freely placed subsea acoustic sensors and where the device for digital signal processing in a known way is arranged to monitor a number of parameters simultaneously, and can with help of data about the three-dimensional placement calculate direction and distance to the single sound emission, i.e. localising of this, in order to monitor a complete subsea structure comprising different parts.
2. Multifunctional hydro acoustic monitoring system according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the devices for digital signal processing (24) , data storage (25) , data communication (26) and electrical power supply (27) are stationary arranged in the central unit.
3. Multifunctional hydro acoustic monitoring system according to claim 1 or 2 , c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the system by help of the communication unit, in a known way communicates periodically or continuously with an operation central on an oil platform, on board of a vessel, an aircraft, a satellite or on land.
4. Multifunctional hydro acoustic monitoring system according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the system entirely, or the parts that are under water, by help of the communication unit, and via the parts that possible are located out of the water, in a known way communicates periodically or continuously with an operation central at an oil platform, on board of a vessel, an aircraft, a satellite or on land.
5. Multifunctional hydro acoustic monitoring system according to one of the previous claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that it comprises anchoring of the system to secure the monitoring system against movement caused by trawling, water current and ROV- work, where the anchoring comprises directly fastening of hydrophones and other parts of the system that are located under water to the units to be monitored, alternatively connecting to the sea bed by help of one or more poles, wire, rope and/or the like, and where the system configuration after monitoring is known.
6. Multifunctional hydro acoustic monitoring system according to one of the previous claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that each of the system's subsea acoustic sensors and the entire system in otherwise known ways monitor and measure one or more of the following condition parameters which are related to sound which is produced by the subsea equipment : f) unbalance, cavitation, wear and vibration in rotating machinery g) vibration in the subsea structure h) the condition of valves i) leakage j) the amount of particles or bodies which are located on the inside of pipelines, where the sound sources are separated from each other by help of in it self known filtering and digital signal processing and on the basis of the typical features of the sounds .
7. Multifunctional hydro acoustic monitoring system according to one of the previous claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that hydrophones and other parts of the system which are located under water are placed on an asymmetrical pole or more poles with known orientation.
8. Multifunctional hydro acoustic monitoring system according to one of the previous claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that it is self powered by electricity, where the power supply comprises a battery.
9. Multifunctional hydro acoustic monitoring system according to one of the previous claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the power supply comprises a cable connection to the power source at sea or on land, and that the data transmission also is performed via such cable connection.
PCT/NO2003/000162 2002-05-23 2003-05-16 Acoustic subsea monitoring system WO2003100453A1 (en)

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GB0426961A GB2405475B (en) 2002-05-23 2003-05-16 Acoustic subsea monitoring system
AU2003241230A AU2003241230A1 (en) 2002-05-23 2003-05-16 Acoustic subsea monitoring system

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WO2012059108A1 (en) 2010-11-05 2012-05-10 Nkt Cables Group A/S An integrity monitoring system and a method of monitoring integrity of a stationary structure
US20140022530A1 (en) * 2012-07-17 2014-01-23 Chevron Usa Inc. Structure monitoring
EP2891761A3 (en) * 2013-12-23 2016-03-30 General Electric Company Subsea equipment monitoring system

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US5155707A (en) * 1991-11-26 1992-10-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Omni-directional hydrophone
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WO2012059108A1 (en) 2010-11-05 2012-05-10 Nkt Cables Group A/S An integrity monitoring system and a method of monitoring integrity of a stationary structure
CN103201592A (en) * 2010-11-05 2013-07-10 Nkt电缆集团公司 An integrity monitoring system and a method of monitoring integrity of a stationary structure
US9612189B2 (en) 2010-11-05 2017-04-04 Nkt Cables Group A/S Integrity monitoring system and a method of monitoring integrity of a stationary structure
US20140022530A1 (en) * 2012-07-17 2014-01-23 Chevron Usa Inc. Structure monitoring
US10145821B2 (en) * 2012-07-17 2018-12-04 Silixa Ltd. Structure monitoring
US11656204B2 (en) 2012-07-17 2023-05-23 Silixa Ltd. Structure monitoring
EP2891761A3 (en) * 2013-12-23 2016-03-30 General Electric Company Subsea equipment monitoring system
US9798030B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2017-10-24 General Electric Company Subsea equipment acoustic monitoring system
US10451760B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2019-10-22 General Electric Company Subsea equipment acoustic monitoring system

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NO315761B1 (en) 2003-10-20
GB2405475B (en) 2005-09-14
GB0426961D0 (en) 2005-01-12
NO20022450D0 (en) 2002-05-23
NO20022450A (en) 2003-10-20
AU2003241230A1 (en) 2003-12-12
GB2405475A (en) 2005-03-02

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