WO2003097965A1

WO2003097965A1 - A cushion spacial cell of the building

Info

Publication number: WO2003097965A1
Application number: PCT/CN2003/000371
Authority: WO
Inventors: Yongsheng Xu
Original assignee: Yongsheng Xu
Priority date: 2002-05-20
Filing date: 2003-05-20
Publication date: 2003-11-27
Also published as: CN1381660A; AU2003231565A1; CN100340731C

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cushion spacial cell for a building. Said cell is a transitional space between an inner space (9) of a house or a bay inside the building and the outside (8) and is inclosed by the reinforced concrete or the like. Wherein said cushion spacial cell (7) is separated into an upper room and a lower room (1, 2) and may be established side by side or with superposition, in order to form the surface space or the outside elevational space of the building.

Description

BUFFER SPACE UNIT FOR BUILDING TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a building, which includes a buffer space unit of the building. The buffer space unit is a transition space between the interior space of the building and the exterior of the building, and is composed of a floor space divided into two upper and lower spaces. Unit construction. It is referred to herein as a "buffer space unit of a building" or "buffer space unit". The above-mentioned buffer space unit is usually the smallest unit used in a house or an apartment in a house. The buffer space units are juxtaposed on the left and right and stacked on top of each other to form the building's exterior surface space or façade space.

Generally, the buffer space unit is a building structure surrounded by materials such as reinforced concrete members and combined with the interior space of the building. The internal space is mainly composed of load-bearing reinforced concrete columns, beams, slabs and other main structural components such as load-bearing walls or individual wall. It plays the role of supporting and stabilizing the entire building (which can also include buffer space units). The partition of the internal use space is usually made of lightweight materials and can be completed during the interior decoration of the house; while the aisle, kitchen, toilet, pipeline, etc. are usually located in or around the buffer space unit. In this way, a multi-family house can be realized, and a large part of the indoor space of the house can be freely divided, and can be used for multiple functions. The buffer space unit can be combined with most existing building types and buildings with multiple functions. The concept of "the technology" mentioned below includes buffer space units and buildings using buffer space units.

It is precisely because the buffer space units serve households, and multiple households form a building. Hence the name of the invention

A "buffer space unit of a building" can also be understood as a "building using a buffer space unit". In short, the buffer space unit is connected to the building.

The buffer space unit relates to natural lighting, ventilation, heat insulation, heat insulation, appearance, greening, use space layout and other aspects of the building in use. According to the different geographical and climatic conditions on the earth, the targeted use of this technology can adapt buildings to these environmental conditions, and make buildings economical and durable. The variability of the functions used in this technology is also a reflection of the sustainable development of buildings. At the same time, this technology also relates to the entire formation process of buildings using buffer space units in real estate development, including the construction method of using buffer space units, the operation system of building management, and the establishment of entrepreneurial buildings and their networked systems. Background technique

Chinese patent CN10683160A-a kind of middle-floor apartment, discloses a unit composed of two spaces, where a single-story space and another second-story space are horizontally connected in the middle, which is characterized by one floor The space is provided with inclined ladders to connect with each floor of the second floor space. When used in a building, the overlay confirmation of the same unit The method is to superimpose one layer of space in the unit with another layer of two layers.

The Chinese patent CN 1256346A holographic intelligent building proposes a holographic unit composed of two holographic blocks (a geometry consisting of one or more rooms). The method of superposition is to satisfy the following conditions. The difference in elevation between the bottom surfaces (top surfaces) of two holographic blocks in the same unit is equal to the difference between the elevations of the bottom surfaces (top two) of the other two holographic blocks in adjacent vertical units. It also categorizes and analyzes various building forms and their advantages and disadvantages, and lists 14 technical features and 11 significant advantages and positive effects. (The following paragraphs are only used for the statement of this technology.) The hologram block package in this technology merges and covers the common well-known floors; if the difference in the elevation of the bottom (top) of the hologram blocks in the same unit is equal to zero, it is completely universal floor.

If the technology is regarded as a unit composed of two holographic blocks, one of the holographic blocks is a commonly known floor composed of one or more rooms, and the other holographic block is a characteristic part having the technology. Buffer space unit. The position of the buffer space unit in the present technology is on the side of the floor, and plays a role of buffering the transition between the internal and external space of the building floor. According to this, the buffer space unit can also be located at both ends of the building floor, that is, a large floor unit is composed of three spaces; the buffer space unit can also be located four weeks around the building floor. For this reason, this technology is different from the above two Chinese patented technologies.

It has been retrieved that this technology is related to the following technical or theoretical ideas-

1. Architectural lighting: US patent 1 (US4325205 Modular solar building construction), the main technology is the introduction of outdoor light in the same plane; US patent 2 (US 6341041 B1 Internal natural light delivery system) The main technology is to use a light guide tube at a specific location to Outdoor light is introduced indoors. The difference from this technology lies in the passing space and position of human light.

2. Jump layer or mezzanine: Chinese patent 1 (CN 1275183A is a structural form of a two-story residential apartment building made of reinforced concrete structure). The main technology is the location of the outer longitudinal beams, and the inner patio and suspended mezzanine are proposed. Concept technology, the building's external space is a full-height balcony or walkway; Chinese Patent 2 (CN 10621 85A variable-story high-hop-type living space), Figure 4 of its specification indicates that the internal space is small and only the lower walkway is bright. The buffer space unit not only meets the natural lighting of the interior space, but also utilizes the upper space of the balcony or walkway.

3. Other patents: Chinese patent 3 (CN 86103735A double-storey common-floor house), the main technology is that two floors share an outer corridor. In this technical description, the roof of the covered corridor is used as the back balcony of the singular number of floors. In FIG. 2 of this technical description, each floor has a back balcony and has the same width as the corridor. In addition, it is also disclosed that there is a bathroom on the balcony; Chinese patent 4 (CN 2392852Y interstitial house of the jump floor), the main technology is to compress the floor height in a small area, which is related to the use of this technology; Chinese patent 5 (CN 1214100A for For mixed buildings of living and working), the main technology is that each house has two upper and lower entrances, The floors are used for living and working respectively; Chinese patent 6 (CN 1020121C multi-storey ecological house), one of its main technologies is a cantilever solar greenhouse with staggered upper and lower floors, but the upper and lower floors are independent of each other; Chinese patent 7 ( CN 1331374A A multi-level garden villa ecological building supporting high-rise buildings), the main technology of which is greening between floors, and the height of two natural floors is about 6 meters. The above four patents are similar in part to this technology. Chinese patent 8 (CN 1042450C flexible residential building with vertical walls and large open rooms in multiple days) can be used as a reference for the use of this technology.

4. Reference works:

See 1. The Revolution of Living (by Mao Wei and Wang Xiaomo, Haichao Press, November 2000). Based on the summary and research of the high-speed development of Shenzhen's real estate market, it is proposed that the residential (construction) product itself is the most important market space. factor. Strive to establish a market research and planning direction with product value orientation as the core, and include the trend of China's real estate theoretical thinking around 2000. The more consistent point is to take the road of sustainable development. That is to say, the residential (building) product itself must follow the sustainable development path, which is also expressed by this technology.

See 2. Housing Design Information Collection (China Construction Industry Press, March 1999, 5 volumes in total). The first volume is residential building design, which contains the planning of residential areas, the main points of residential design and various components. The collection includes 14 types Type, more than 200 examples of residential buildings at home and abroad. Some of these examples are distinguished, referenced, and cited from this technology. Refer to 3. Urban Planning and Architectural Design for Sustainable Development (Dong Wei, Wang Jianguo, Editor, Southeast University Press, 1999), through the analysis and discussion of theories and methods of sustainable urban planning and architectural design, as well as practical cases Introduced the introduction of a comprehensive work framework for the design of sustainable cities and buildings. It collected nearly 30 kinds of ecological building technologies, as well as architectural design points combining four climates, and there were nearly 58 types of urban planning and building design examples of various types. Analysis and research on these technologies and examples will find that most of them are around the outer surface of the building, that is, they are closely related to the buffer space unit, and especially the technical idea of "buffer space" has more correlation with the buffer space unit. In addition, the buffer space unit can provide a working platform for other ecological building technologies.

Reference 4. Atlas of modern residential design abroad (edited by Song Peikang, Tianjin Science Press, April 1997), collected the essence of residential design in various countries in the world in the past ten years, with more than 1,000 examples, reflecting the trend of the five types of residential buildings in the world today. Families, single-family homes, single-family homes, senior homes, youth homes, and homes with a working or business nature. The latter is to change the pure consumption of living into a house that can take care of production and operation. This is currently becoming more common in Chinese urban residences, such as opening companies in residential buildings, dental clinics, and opening shops on the ground floor. However, this has not been fully taken into account when designing a house or real estate development, so there are hidden dangers caused by structural changes. There is a big mutual interference factor between the management and the operation, and there must be no management. Effective implementation.

Refer to 5. Pre-planning of the project construction (Zhang Yi Tongji University Press, September 2001), taking the project construction procedure as the main line, a more comprehensive description of the project proposal and feasibility study, and the acquisition of "one certificate and two certificates" Etc. The information is rich and informative, and the coverage is wide. On the one hand, in addition to the needs of the market, the implementation of this technology requires comprehensive research and analysis of the project in the place of implementation, as well as compliance with local government management regulations and various implementation conditions. On the other hand, due to the characteristics of this technology, it will have an impact on the projects adopting this technology. This book has reference value in this field.

See 6. Planning and Architectural Design of Development Zones (Le Jialong, China Planning Press), set up special zones, economic and technological development zones, etc., to attract foreign investment, develop export-oriented industries and commerce, introduce foreign advanced technology and management experience, and promote Great achievements and benefits have been achieved in local economic development and in solving certain employment issues. With the continuous deepening of China's reform and opening up, the long-established construction model has gradually been replaced by new methods, and the new construction system has shown vitality and vitality. This book collects examples of domestic and overseas planning for various communities and development areas, as well as design examples of office buildings, commercial and residential buildings, rental buildings, houses, and villas. Among them, the design of leased plant can be used as an important reference for the internal space of the technology. In addition, the ideas and methods of the development zone have reference value for the use of the technology.

The above reference materials (see 1 to 6) and the following design drawings (see 7 to 9) basically reflect the basic ideas, methods and habits of the current development of buildings in the real estate and construction industry, as well as a discussion of future development trends . In addition, more reference materials can be listed, which will provide relevant references for the implementation of this technology, especially the building examples of the implementation site, which will have greater reference value to this technology.

Refer to 7. National Excellent Housing Design Portfolio (Editor-in-Chief, Survey and Design Department of the Ministry of Construction). Compared with previous residential design competitions and residential design selections, this award-winning work is in layout, space organization, kitchen and toilet equipment configuration, Breakthroughs and innovations have been made in energy conservation, structural styling and enhancement of technological content.

See 8. Atlas of Design Examples of Energy-Saving Houses (China Building Industry Press, December 2000), focusing on the main practices of civil and residential buildings in cold areas in energy-saving design of buildings and HVAC professionals.

See 9. New Century Residential Apartment Design Atlas Jianjian Design Studio Edited by Machinery Industry Press (October 2000), collected a large amount of architectural information of Chinese and foreign residential apartments, especially more than 500 examples of small-story floor-type residential design that have been selling well in recent years. example. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Because this technology absorbs and integrates many features of the existing technology, many of the features of the technology are similar in form to the existing background technology, but the technology is comprehensive in the development, design, and use of buildings. In terms of aspects, there are large differences from the existing background technology, and these differences are mainly reflected in basic ideas, methods and habits.

As a buffer space, a "sunlight room" with a large glass surface is often found in the southern facade of the building in western European, Nordic and North American countries. It is called a buffer space (buffer sp _ace ). It is similar to the practice of closing balconies with glass windows in many places in China. It functions like a greenhouse and can effectively increase indoor temperature and reduce building heating energy consumption in winter (see Ref. 3).

The buffer space has the same function of absorbing / storing heat as the collector. Once the temperature in the buffer space rises, the heat will be absorbed by the floor and wall, and then released slowly indoors. However, it is difficult to remove heat in the buffer space in summer, which is not suitable for temperate or subtropical climates (see reference 3).

The above buffer space can be used for many different building types. Because the buffer space involves the entire facade of the building, the interior of the space penetrates up and down, and the floor and walls absorb solar heat, but the heat is difficult to discharge, and its appearance and use are single, and the input cost is large. The present invention proposes that the buffer space unit method can be used to solve its shortcomings. The focus is to isolate the vertical penetration of the interior of the space, use only the floor to absorb the solar heat, and block or reduce the wall surface to absorb the solar heat. If the above functions are affected, it can be used for other purposes. The buffer space unit and its construction in the technology will be described below with reference to the drawings:

Figure 1 shows the buffer space unit 7, which is a superposition of the lower space 1 and the upper space 2. The total height of the unit is H. Figure 2 shows the upper space as the lighting room 3, and Figure 3 shows the lower space as the lighting room 3. The common feature is that the calendar room protrudes outward.

Fig. 4 shows that the storage space 4 is formed below the daylighting room and outside the lower space. Fig. 5 is a green space 5 outside the lower space. The feature is that the space 4 and the space 5 do not affect the window of the lower space. Furthermore, as long as it is within the inclined plane 6 of FIG. 6, it can be used, and the use is not limited to the above two types, such as the outdoor unit of the split air conditioner, the liquefied gas tank and other spaces. Beyond the slope 6 will affect the lighting effect of the lower daylighting room.

Figures 7, 8, and 9 show that the buffer space unit 7 is located between the indoor space 9 and the building outdoor 8. The total height of the indoor space 9 is HI, and there are 9 cases of the size and positional relationship between H and HI. Chinese patent 3 uses the roof of the covered corridor as a balcony (same width as the upper and lower). It is similar in form to the form in which the indoor space 9 is smaller than the buffer space unit 7 in FIG. 9, but with different purposes and different use functions.

Fig. 10, Fig. 11, and Fig. 12 show that the indoor space 9 is two-story, or it is understood that the interlayer 19 is added to the first-floor space. There are also 9 cases of H and HI in terms of inch size and positional relationship. In FIG. 11, when the indoor space 9 is equal to the buffer space unit 7 above and below, and the position of the middle floor is the same, it is just like ordinary The leap layer (with two levels in a house, see Ref. 2) is similar in form to this technology; when there is a balcony on the first floor and no balcony on the other floor, the floor-to-ceiling glass window is adopted. This technology has more similarities. If an indoor staircase is placed close to the external wall, the staircase holes are used to make the outdoor light flow up and down, which is closer to the form of this technology; there is also Chinese Patent 6, considering the balcony Use functions regardless of the relationship between the upper and lower layers. No matter how close the form is, the transition space concepts and ideas of the technology have not been formed, thus affecting the use technology and the use effect.

Fig. 13 shows that sunlight 11 enters the indoor space 9 through the indoor side façade 10 of the lighting room, usually 10 is a floor-to-ceiling glass door and window, and the lighting room floor 12 reflects sunlight, increasing the amount of indoor light and the depth of light.

Figure 14. Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17, Figure 18, showing the method of using the sunlight in the lighting room to light both the upper and lower floors when the indoor space is on the second floor: 13 is to set up a large shared space or a small light well Or, a fence 14, an opening 15 and a light-transmitting floor 16 are provided on the floor; light guides 17 and 18 (the specific form and specific shape are not important) can also be used to collect sunlight from the lighting room and introduce it into the lower floor of the room.

Figures 19 and 20 are vertical natural ventilation diagrams of the buffer space unit 7. As the sunlight is mainly irradiated on the floor of the lighting room, the temperature of the lighting room is relatively high, which forces the indoor air to be mainly discharged from the lighting room, which prevents heat in summer It is particularly important to enter the room. As long as the ventilation flow is controlled, the use and elimination of solar thermal energy is controlled, that is, the ventilation flow is large and the heat is discharged; the ventilation flow is small and the heat is concentrated in the lighting room.

Figures 21 and 22 are the vertical stacking diagrams of Figures 2 and 3, respectively. From the perspective of the units of Figures 2 and 3, the position of the lighting room is different from above or below. The main similarities between them are as follows: The outer part of the lighting room has a vertical spacing of H, so for the indoor part, the lighting effect of the buffer space unit 7 is more than or equivalent to the ordinary balcony, and it is different from the ordinary balcony. The lighting room and its slab absorb most of the solar energy originally absorbed by the walls or blinds of the building's facade. In addition, spaces 4 and 5 can also be constructed using the buffer space unit 7 of the lower daylighting room. In addition, in order to obtain the effect of the buffer space unit 7 similar to that of the lower layer, the interior space on the top floor may be added with a different space or a baffle or wall having a similar function. That is, there must be a horizontal shade at the top.

Figures 23 and 24 show that in summer, due to the large shooting angle of the sun, the solar heat mainly shines on the floor of the lighting room. In summer, water is sprayed on the floor and the principle of water absorption and evaporation can be used to structure the flat light floor. The heat is removed to achieve rapid cooling effect.

Figure 25 shows that, in addition to the heat storage of the floor of the lighthouse, heat collectors can also be used to store the space4. For example, hot water can be stored, the use of the lighting room can be extended in winter, and hot water can be used for bathing in summer.

FIG. 26 shows that in addition to being able to plant green space, the space 5 also has a blocking effect on the field of vision of the non-calorimetric room in the buffer space unit 7 from the daylighting room. Figures 27 and 28 show that the inside surface of the buffer space unit 7 is mainly made of light-transmitting material. Because the same material is not used, the upper and lower sides may not be on the same surface. This is mainly achieved by adjusting the position of the inside 10 of the lighting room. It is better that the upper space protrudes. However, it is preferable that the total depth S of the buffer space unit 7 does not exceed H. In this way, a person's shooting angle of the sunlight 11 can be guaranteed to be greater than 45 degrees, so that in winter, especially in cold regions at high latitudes, the direct sunlight can be obtained.

Figure 29, Figure 30, Figure 31. In the three figures, the lower space 1 is used for the public corridor, and the upper space 2 is the three-sided view of the lighting room 3. The open space is set to 42 meters. The figure shows that the buffer space unit Ί is usually consistent with the three-dimensional axis of the building and keeps the structure continuous. In this way, the buffer space units 7 can be easily juxtaposed side by side and stacked on top of each other to form a complete buffer space on the exterior wall of the building. It can be further understood that: the buffer space unit 7 can be manufactured in a factory and hung on the building; or the buffer space unit 7 can be formed to support the buffer space outer wall against the building. This method is different from prefabricated components and can be used to retrofit existing buildings.

Figures 32, 33, and 34 are in addition to Figures 29, 30, and 31. The kitchen 23 and toilet 24 are added. The kitchen uses daylighting and the toilet is located on the balcony. In addition, water, electricity, gas meters, and various horizontal pipeline arrangements can be set on both sides of the lighting corridor in the public corridor. Vertical pipelines can pass through the toilet, but the pipeline gas must be outside the toilet. The exhaust pipe of the kitchen is exhausted from the floor of the lighting room to the outside.

FIG. 35 is a perspective wireframe of a house with a wide opening and a two-story height, from which it can be seen that the interior space 9 is divided into a plurality of small spaces 27 by a partition wall 25 and a partition floor 26; an indoor upper lighting room 1 can also be seen The inside of the building is made of glass, which is equivalent to the opening of a large high cave. The upper part of the indoor staircase 30 (indicated by diagonal lines) and the indoor corridor 29 can be suspended by a ceiling 28. Among them, the area A is a buffer space unit and the area B For adjacent indoor spaces, zone C can be set as a relatively quiet area in the building, zone D is an optional auxiliary zone serving zone C, and zone D can also be made as a buffer space unit; when there is a temperature difference between zone A and zone D Or the difference in outdoor wind pressure creates a natural hallway wind. In addition, the exhaust gas and heat generated in the kitchen will also strengthen this trend. Figures 19 and 20 above have explained the vertical natural ventilation of the buffer space unit. Its main function is to remove heat. Keeping the indoor space fresh and using the appropriate natural air to regulate the indoor and outdoor environment, it is necessary to form a natural wind through the house, especially when the building depth increases. It is necessary to have a natural wind to pass through the hall. You can set a ventilating hole, a closed ventilating hole, a window, an exhaust fan, and an automatically controlled ventilation and exhaust device. You can also set a controllable Ventilation holes, where all signals of the temperature or air pressure sensor can be set to be concentrated on the computer or a dedicated signal processor. Operation instructions are issued in accordance with the optimal ventilation working procedure, which can be obtained through limited experiments.

The following plan views in Fig. 36, Fig. 37, Fig. 38, and Fig. 39 are for the convenience of comparison with Fig. 35, and the direction is right to the south. However, it does not mean that the buffer space unit can only be used in the south direction. Sunlight is a buffer space The unit is one of the main factors, but not all.

FIG. 36 is a plan view of the upper and lower levels of FIG. 35. In the kitchen 23, since the pipeline comes from the corridor 1, the position and size of the kitchen can be changed. The kitchen can also be placed in the upper light room; the bathroom 24 in the same light room is also In the picture, the indoor corridor 29 in the figure enters the glazing platform after the bathroom 24, which can increase the air-tightness of the production space. In order to make the appearance of the building consistent, the bathroom 23 can open the window to the lighting room or open the skylight; A bathroom 32 can be provided, which is specially used for the bedroom; the force is a small patio used for upper and lower floors.

FIG. 37 is a variation diagram of FIG. 36, and shows a floor plan of the indoor second floor at the end of the corridor or without the corridor. The lower space 1 of the buffer space unit 7 is used for the entrance passage and the kitchen room. Convenient food delivery; the original indoor corridor 29 leading to the lighting room expands into a large flat space, and the lighting patio 1 guarantees the lighting of the lower space; the indoor staircase can also be set up at 14 lighting patios to allow both lighting and traffic to be considered; a partition wall Inverted changes produce different spaces27; if the upper partition wall and floor chestnut are hoisted, they can be separated from the lower space, that is, the upper and lower spaces can be separated independently and flexibly.

FIG. 38 shows that the structure of FIG. 35 is a frame structure, and the height of the second floor is a total structural floor height, and the buffer space unit is a part of the structure. The outer wall 35 of the lower space is retracted to form the skylight skylight 33 of the next buffer space unit, and the structural beam 34 becomes the upper edge of the lighting window of the next buffer space unit. In addition, the indoor staircase 30 avoids the influence of the beam. The floor-to-ceiling window 10 can reach the full height without being affected by the beam. When the buffer space unit becomes a part of the structure, the minimum total height of the floor structure is mainly limited by the absence of the buffer space. It is for human use, so it is not less than 2 meters, and the total height is not less than 4 meters. The reference book (the planning and architectural design of the development zone in the past year) provides a lot of design data and information for industrial plants (P30). The structure is a column grid size of 6 * 9 meters, a total of 9 floors, a floor height of 48 meters, a floor load of 500 kg per square meter, and a plane size of 27 * 72 meters. This structure is easy to use this technology, or use this technology Reconstruction, but the key is the depth of the building and the influence of the beam. When the depth of the building used for living exceeds 20 meters, the divided internal space is naturally lit and ventilated. It becomes difficult, and the internal longitudinal beam has the greatest influence on the indoor partition. The structure of the reinforced concrete shear wall in Chinese Patent 1 is to reduce the influence of the indoor longitudinal beam. The longitudinal beam is only installed on the exterior of the building and is inverted. (When the lighting room is on the lower floor, the inverted beam just becomes the outdoor edge of the lighting, which can be used as a barrier, but this picture is different.) As the structural beam 34 in this figure, because it is located above the lighting room, the lighting is Influential, the solution is to move the lighting outside, and use the inverted beam as a part of the external wall 35 at the outer wall 35 of the lower space and the inverted beam position.

Figure 39 is a two-story plan of an indoor and outdoor vertical traffic map. The buffer space unit is not used in the stairwell in the figure. If the buffer space unit is used in the stairwell, an open mezzanine rest platform can be formed. In the figure, the daylighting is moved outdoors, and the outer space of the lower space 35 and the inverted beam position 34 are used. Beam as exterior wall 35 One part: The indoor side 10 of the lighting projected inward as shown in Figure 27, and the light-transmitting floor 16 was used to shine on the lower kitchen; as the upper partition wall 25 is affected by the beam, its position cannot be changed as randomly as the lower partition wall. The use of beamless slabs can overcome the impact of beams; and the design of structural slabs must take into account the load of the second floor and the weight of the slabs. This will also ensure the load requirements for various uses in the future, and will also improve the disaster resistance of the building.

Fig. 40 shows a three-dimensional axonometric view of the buffer space unit supported by the outer frame in the form of Fig. 2; the play is an isometric view of the buffer space unit 7 stacked in parallel. A bathroom is installed in the lighting room, and the window is opened. Fig. 42 shows the semi-cylindrical decoration in the sanitary range, so it is easy to associate with the style of ancient Roman architecture.

Figure 43 shows the structural support of the buffer space unit 7 located in the outer wall of the lower space and supporting the weight of the floor of the lighting room. Figure 44 is an axonometric view of the stacking in parallel. The beam here should be an inverted beam; you can also see The bathroom uses a top window; Figure 45 shows the change of the outdoor lighting window; at the same time, the exterior of the building has a strong sense of horizontal lines.

Fig. 46 shows that the weight of the buffer space unit 7 is shared by multiple points, and materials such as lightweight concrete, steel, wood, or bamboo can be used, and prefabricated parts can also be made. Fig. 47 is an axonometric view after parallel stacking, and its appearance It has a vertical zigzag shape; the surface made of wood or bamboo can also become an architectural style. If the structure allows it, it can also be decorated with blocks of stone and supplemented with vines to form a natural mountain shape. Figure 48 is removed Daylighting outdoor windows form the visual condition of open balconies and can be used in hot areas.

The above Figures 40 to 48 are mainly intended to show the variability of the facades of buildings adopting this technology; a variety of facade effects can also be regularly combined into the facades of buildings; it can also be used locally The façade (including stairwells, etc.) of this technology adopts the colonial façade to make the overall change of the building's façade more abundant; (the buffer space unit can be regarded as a special balcony during the design).

Figure 49 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the building and an enlarged view of one of the structural floors. At noon in summer, the sun shines at a high position of 36, and the sun shines directly into the lighting room; in winter, at noon, the sun shines at 37, and the sun shines directly through the light chamber into the indoor space. 9 Figure 50 shows that in one day, the morning sun irradiation position 38, the noon sun irradiation position 39, and the afternoon sun irradiation position 40 are a continuous moving process. The sunlight is not only irradiated on the floor of the lighting room, but also the lighting room Therefore, the daylighting room itself is like a light guide tube (different from the U.S. patents), which enhances the light-reflecting ability of the light-emitting room, which can make the room more natural light. Combined with the concept of high windows, Natural light shines deeper. These are difficult or impossible to take into account in ordinary balconies or windows.

There are many large and deep residential buildings that use internal patios, which often results in insufficient light on the ground floor and turbid air on the upper side, which greatly interferes with each other. The buffer space unit of the upper daylighting room can be regarded as a short patio inside and outside, which plays the role of cloak and daylighting. It can be opened and closed freely without affecting each other. The above has explained the basic form, structure, material, shape, method, principle, and relationship with the building of the buffer space unit. As this technology is concreted and deepened, the differences from the existing technology become more and more obvious. This is mainly because the technology breaks through existing ideas and concepts and changes the existing habitual limitations. In this regard, the present technology based on the buffer space unit can be summarized in the following four aspects:

1. Transition space concept. Including thermal insulation, thermal insulation, spotlighting, ventilation and sound insulation. First of all, the buffer space unit has a better effect than traditional external wall insulation, heat preservation and lighting. Traditional external wall insulation, heat preservation and lighting treatments are either thick and complicated, or they are not considered, and they cannot be based on climate changes. Natural regulation. The buffer space unit can use the natural shape of the structure to ensure that the sunlight in winter directly hits the indoor space, while limiting the sunlight in summer directly to the indoor space: Use the floor of the lighting room to collect most of the solar thermal energy. It can avoid direct heat radiation and heat conduction to the indoor space after the ordinary external wall absorbs heat, and the process of collecting heat on the wall surface is also more complicated. Secondly, as long as there is a temperature difference, whether it is daytime or nighttime, whether it is sunny or backlit, wind flow will naturally occur. Generally, the temperature of the buffer space unit is different from the indoor space or the outside of the building. This temperature difference can form the indoor air flow and ventilation effect, and also ease the large changes in indoor air temperature. There are two ways to obtain the ideal temperature of the indoor space: one is the artificial method, that is, the use of air conditioning and heating equipment; and the other is to use natural ventilation at the appropriate time of the day, which is different in different climate regions and different seasons The effect of using different natural ventilation methods is different at different times. Generally, the buffer space unit is not for human use, and there are no other conditions that restrict ventilation. Therefore, the buffer space unit has controlled opening and closing of ventilation holes (such as windows), which can make the building suitable for different climate areas. In addition, the buffer space unit is equivalent to a multi-layered glass window, which provides a good isolation from external sounds.

2. Usable space concept. Due to the different seasons of the year, the difference between day and night, and the influence of geography, climate and man-made environment, people need the sun's rays to shine, and they must also destroy excessive heat energy. What's more, people don't stay in one place permanently. The daylighting room in the buffer space unit provides such a possible option: sunbathing, exposure to the outdoor environment, protection from inclement weather (cold, extreme heat, rain, wind, sand, exhaust gas), and other general use functions such as balconies Wait. As the buffer space unit is intended to be visually isolated from the inside and outside space, curtains (or partial use of frosted glass) can be omitted, which is a change in the living habits of existing buildings. The usable space concept also includes the creation of small functional space without affecting the concept of transition space, such as: a bathroom on the balcony; another space in the unit is used for the kitchen or aisle. '

3. The form of splicing by unit. Another feature of the buffer space unit is Combined into non-balcony space. Generally, the balcony serves a household. To increase the depth of natural light, it is necessary to reduce the external wall surface, and to reduce the impact of the environmental climate, a larger external wall or a space to isolate the outdoor space (enclose the balcony), but solar energy It is still introduced into the room through the floor of the wall or balcony, and the balcony selected outside should not be too much to block the lower floor light that does not belong to a household. The buffer space unit is a basic unit composed of a daylighting room that is superior to a balcony and combined with a space that does not require high daylighting. Since the unit can be set up for each household, the existing buildings are usually in the form of being able to be divided into households, so it is easy to splice and combine to form the building facade without the buffer space alone.

4. The purpose of the space organization of the buffer space unit. The buffer space unit is a combination of a lighting room and a non-lighting room, and expands the shading capacity of the lighting room to form the smallest combined space unit that meets multiple use functions-a buffer space unit. Some functions that do not require high space height, but are necessary for the interior of a house, as well as space with high frequency of use are compacted or superimposed in the buffer space unit, or arranged around the buffer space unit. The purpose is to use a small amount of space to meet a number of indoor use requirements, such as a light room and a table), kitchens, bathrooms, and public walkways, etc., and also include various pipelines and meters. For example, kitchens, bathrooms, and public walkways do not have high requirements for daylighting, but they must have good natural ventilation conditions, and high utilization rates such as glazed rooms (balconies), kitchens, toilets, and public walkways. The height requirements are that the hands can reach If there is a window communicating with the outside, there will be no depression.

In addition to removing the indispensable, dispersive layout in the building, interfering with the flexible arrangement and use of the indoor space, usually as an auxiliary function, the use space in the buffer space unit can also surround the pipeline as required. Make adjustments and separations. Such as the exchange of kitchens and bathrooms; increase the entrance hall (concrete).

The above four points are formed due to the integrity of the buffer space unit. People use buildings to create an internal environment that is different from the outside world: relying on walls to insulate heat, but the walls block sunlight; people use openings or windows to introduce light into the room, but the interior is so clear, the light by the window Sometimes it is too strong; so there are curtains, and the partition of the indoor space; since the building, people have used the panels to extend and create sky balconies. However, the external walls, windows, or balconies are all in contact with the outside world. The physical environment (insulation, insulation, lighting, ventilation, and sound insulation) of their indoor side is always different from the middle of the building, even the simplest. There are also temperature and time differences in the buildings, so it is not difficult to find that many buildings, including dwellings, are now pursuing the bright room one-sidedly, while placing various indoor activities of people in the transition area, and according to the above Thinking habits adopt new wall materials, or use artificial climate regulation, even the aforementioned "buffering space" just stays in the wall-covered glass wall thinking mode. The buffer space unit of the present invention is formed by comprehensively weighing and considering the above factors, creating additional paths, and combining existing technologies. This is also the existing technology only Can stay at the root cause of the characteristics of the buffer space unit dispersedly.

As the buffer space unit serves the whole building, it only uses a small part of the indoor space, and most of the space reserved can be more flexibly arranged, which can also make the building more versatile. After increasing the height with the activity room, the feeling of depression is removed, and the style of the living room can be displayed with a large chandelier. Generally, the height of the bedroom can be reduced, and the second floor is produced by the sandwich method, which increases the area and the investment is not high; Can be used for small company offices; multiple rooms combined to form a large space, etc. The buffer space unit has a good binding force with the existing building, such as the combination with the standard factory building structure and the existing jump-level building. However, the purpose of this technical disclosure is not limited to simply combining with existing buildings, because buildings using buffer space units also have characteristics different from existing buildings.

Buildings, as fixed assets, have a dual nature of use and consumption. However, the existing buildings have the following characteristics and problems.

From the point of view of the production and use functions of buildings, the advantages and disadvantages of most single buildings except for residential buildings are obvious. For example, the production plant (standard light industry) has a simple structure and is easy to be standardized for design and manufacture, but requires greater equipment investment, as well as higher production management technology and a certain amount of working capital to start up. The office building has a high degree of intelligence and a sound management system. However, the use efficiency is low (less than half the average daily use time per day) and the operation cost is high; the use cost of hotels is high, and due to the high liquidity, it will cause poor business credit; and the ordinary residential building will have a lower cost but a lower image Poor, it will also increase the load on facilities (elevators, etc.), increase personnel interference, cause management difficulties, and reduce safety performance.

From the point of view of the consumption function of buildings, "especially the dwellings that account for a large proportion of the total number of buildings, due to social and economic factors, people's needs and layout of indoor space vary from person to person. And the functions of individual household spaces The large difference in demand results in large changes in internal space and even damages the building structure; this also causes difficulties in design mix. In the context of a market economy, the first task of the designer is to meet the needs of customers, and it is customary to arrange the main The layout of the space, and then the layout of the secondary space are considered. As a result, it is impossible to standardize the design, and it also complicates the structure, which increases the structural cost of the building. Increasing the safety factor of the design will be weakened by changes in the internal structure. The overall safety factor of the building does not increase year-on-year because of this; as far as residential project development is concerned, although there are prior planning, research, analysis, and various marketing methods in the later period, there are still too many uncertain factors, which can be determined Too few factors, and overall risk quotient. To attract investment in the real estate industry, the industry The average profit margin is relatively high, which hinders the stability of the development of the industry and has large cyclical fluctuations. However, the differences between enterprises are too large to compare, and the speculative nature of investment is relatively large.

In addition, modern human civilization will rely more on activities in buildings. Buildings have gradually become symbols and signs of human civilization and are an important part of regional society. Simultaneous construction Appearance has changed people's living habits and affected the surrounding environment. Therefore, the success or failure of a construction project involves the future development of the region's economy. This includes starting from the start of a construction project. Architecture is the fire of civilization, architecture is the living and working community, architecture is the cornerstone of urban development, and architecture is the dependence of humanity on the future.

The idea of sustainable development is to properly handle the contradiction between human long-term development and current interests in fully understanding the environment and resources. For the real estate industry, in the development, operation, and management of construction projects, it is necessary to properly handle the utilization of land resources and extend the effective service life of buildings. Use renewable materials whenever possible}. Use natural energy (such as solar energy, wind power, hydropower, etc.) to reduce and control environmental pollution and protect and improve the existing natural ecological environment.

The above content can be summarized as the versatility, variability, sociality and sustainable development of buildings. They are interrelated, because multifunctionality is built on variability, and society itself relies on a combination of multiple functions. Sustainable development of buildings provides material guarantees for human long-term development. The purpose of the buffer space unit in the building is also to improve and enhance the role of the building in these aspects, including the use of industrial production structures; it has a large internal space and can be flexibly divided and used.

(The following sentences are only used for the comparative statement of this technology.) However, the current architectural thinking and method is to build a single-function building and make the building assume all the responsibilities and obligations of social resource allocation, environmental reconstruction, and economic development. Iconic buildings and government image buildings in some areas have contributed to this trend. This will expedite the consumption side of the building and attract a large amount of funds. When you come back to realize the usability of the other side of the building, you will find that the gap between input and output is very large, and the gap between design and use will also be found. . The phenomenon that causes people's habit cannot adapt to the rapid development speed. For this reason, the goal of this technology is to reflect such a process of architecture: that is, from the process of productivity, usability, and consumption, to investing or borrowing money for consumption, turning it into investment to generate business, and using profitable money to realize consumption . To this end, this technology will propose a method of entrepreneurial architecture.

The current investment and development concept is that the building is only a commodity, which will inevitably lead to competition among all parties. Since the wasteland to the development is completed, it will take nearly a hundred joints and it will take several years, of which different flavors are different. From the perspective of the real estate industry, the local color is extremely strong. The use of large-scale buildings that use buffer space units can produce the following features and advantages:

1. Investment is not only for residential consumption, but also for the introduction of enterprises and industries, thereby driving the development of the regional economy. Excessive land costs or intermediate costs will lose regional competitiveness. In other words, if the purpose of building is for entrepreneurship and development, driving away construction projects means losing development opportunities;

2. The structures using buffer space units are mainly frame structures, usually reinforced concrete structures. It can be made into prefabricated parts, which is convenient for construction and installation. The internal division and decoration are completed by the user, which can save time, improve efficiency, reduce costs, avoid waste, and make maintenance changes easier in the future.

3. For investors, the property owned can be used for production, then for office, and finally for residence. Because the building using buffer space units has a solid structure, variable uses, and flexible rental and sales, it has potential. Real estate. This can guide investors to long-term plans, such as decomposing the overall investment of the building, and turning it into a zero land partnership purchase unit, which can be remitted into a strong team with small money. You can invest in poverty-stricken and backward areas, with the concept of long-term investment and market occupation, to achieve global economic integration;

4. Buildings using buffer space units can save land and comprehensively utilize natural resources, such as natural lighting, heating, and ventilation, set up wind power generation rooms in the building, take groundwater as drinking water, and set up rainwater collection systems, etc .; use buffer space units Buildings can reduce equipment and resource costs, such as network information resource sharing and indoor water and electrical distribution. As a certain economic scale is reached, costs will naturally fall. It can also perform combined heat and power by itself to start water extraction and treatment:

5. Buildings using buffer space units can have multiple elevators on one floor, facilitating daily management. And the structural floor height is more than 3 meters, which reduces the number of floors, which can relatively extend the life of the elevator and save electricity. The administrative expenses borne by each branch are small, and the public parts are sturdy and durable, which also reduces future maintenance costs. Due to the convenient management, it is easy to realize multi-functional use and change of use, thereby improving the long-term use efficiency of the building;

6. In a large building that uses a buffer space unit, it can accommodate a large group enterprise, but after all, a large group enterprise is a minority; it can also accommodate the following small businesses and occupations such as: convenience stores, restaurants , Clinics, apparel, flower shops, beauty, cleaning, maintenance, banks, agents, lawyers, housekeeping, security, as well as owners committees, building control centers, as well as social workers, education and training, rental hotels, organization volunteers, etc. Its size is equivalent to a free village or community, or village community.

The advantage of this village community is that it can be formed spontaneously, and it is easy to organize. The overall image of the transaction improves the credit of the transaction, so that small businesses can enjoy the credit of large enterprises. This also facilitates the development of online virtual transactions. Work to reduce the impact on the surrounding environment of the building; security facilities similar to airports can be used to improve the safety performance of the building and give people a sense of security; the shape of the building is also easy to identify and has the appeal of building volume. In addition, on the upper floors of large-scale buildings, compulsory soldier stations are arranged to form the security defense system of the building community, and can serve as emergency rescue centers, such as anti-terrorism, rescue and disaster relief.

Of course, the above building functions and uses are not limited to the use of this technical method, and many buildings designed for a single function may be able to give full play to their strengths. The special feature of this technical method is the implementation feasibility of making the conversion of multiple functions easy or mixing multiple functions into one. In other words, this technology is not only to ensure the continuous existence of the building, but also to achieve the sustainable use efficiency. And it ’s sustainable use efficiency Continuity can ultimately stabilize and enhance the potential value of the building, and it can also better realize the safety and flow of the building's assets. At the same time, since the project is feasible, the objectives are clear, and the basic benefits can be determined, it is possible to make full use of the current financial market and attract various types of investors to participate.

Buildings are for the future. If living, education, training, testing, and production can be realized in a community, people mobility, material exchange, and information exchange can be realized between communities. This may be the form of human life in the future. China's current development zones have initially acquired the above concepts. This technology provides a basic technical framework in terms of the scale of economic investment, the participation of the public, and the spontaneity of creation, as well as the natural and orderly formation.

The ideal situation for the future is: a global network with global villages as the point, and transportation (roads, railways, water transport, aviation, aeronautics) and pipelines (water, electricity, gas, matter). The problem and focus in the future will not be food and survival, but control of intersections, location of points, and command of the network. Ultimately, it comes down to who has the technological advantages in information production, management, and control. Information control and optimization of resource efficiency. Human beings have buildings that are compatible with their economy and culture in all historical periods. With the advancement of science and technology, we should choose universal buildings that are suitable for future development.

The above is the description of the basic principle, the composition method of the technology, and the combined use with the existing technology as much as possible. In order to make the above content more concise and clear, the following uses the unity method to describe and explain the technical features as follows:

1. A building's buffer space unit, which is composed of a unit divided by floor slabs into two upper and lower spaces. Its inner façade is attached to the building and corresponds to the interior space of a house or an open room in the building. Connection, its characteristics include:

It is a building physical environment transition space between the building's internal space and the building's exterior; both upper and lower spaces in the unit are available for human use and are connected to the connected indoor space; one of the spaces projects outward as (Multifunctional) daylighting room.

Explanation: This explanation should be understood as part of the description. a. The buffer space unit is composed of two spaces above and below. The relationship is a plate separation. The purpose is to explain that the unit is divided into two useful spaces and stacked on top of each other. If a two-story pole is used, or Forming a space in the two-story pole, or using this space for storage, is equivalent to the internal movement of space 4 in the buffer space unit, including the partition used, which can also be movable. These are just the role of the board and the further refinement of the space. It is also considered within the scope of this technology; b. The inner side of the buffer space unit is attached to the building, which is a general description, which includes being integrated with the interior space of the building and hanging on the outside of the building. Partly penetrates into the building, as well as the materials and structure already explained, and the height and size of the indoor space of a house or an open room in the building and their mutual height In order to make the buffer space unit small and moderate, it is limited to one house or one compartment in the building. This is easy to operate. In fact, it can be divided and separated at any position, and the upper and lower sides can be inconsistent. Materials, etc .; generally, the total indoor height is not less than 3.5 meters, and a duplex building form can be used between 3.5 meters and 45 meters to economically use the space; c. The buffer space unit is located in The transition space between the building's internal space and the building's exterior. The buffer space unit plays a transitional role in the physical properties of the entire building, such as having the functions of sound insulation, heat insulation, heat insulation, lighting, and ventilation. These are Chinese patents 1 to 7 D. As the buffer space unit is available for human use, usually the height is not less than 2 meters, that is, the total height is not less than 4 meters; if a space is used as a common corridor corridor, the height is not less than 2 4 meters; if there is a relevant minimum limit, select at least the specified height; below the above height, it will not only cause difficulty in use, but also a waste of resources and a buffer. The space unit is based on the minimum height limit proposed by these two points. Below this height, it is also within the scope of the buffer space unit; the ideal buffer space unit ^ height is 5 meters; when the height of the buffer space unit exceeds the total indoor height It is better not to affect the normal use of ventilation, lighting, etc. of other households; e. The upper and lower spaces of the buffer space unit communicate with the connected indoor space. Not only are doors for people entering and exiting, but also the circulation of hot air and indoor ventilation F. It has been explained earlier that the lighting room has multiple functions (to maintain consistency, the term lighting room will be used in the future), and the inside is made of light-transmitting materials. This is a reasonable situation; if opaque materials are used, light guides are used. It is also possible; since the beam light room is protruded outwards to obtain the most natural light in the buffer space unit, it is unreasonable if the indoor space does not use the light of the lighting room; when the outside glass or the light guide material window is removed from the lighting room, it is easier to dissipate heat Is a platform larger than a balcony, and its function of absorbing heat and collecting sunlight remains unchanged; g. Characteristics of the buffer space unit And the differences from the prior art have been explained before; h. Ventilation holes or ventilation ducts, large windows or mines can also be provided between the two spaces above and below the buffer space unit, so that the corridor and the kitchen can also be Location exchange, becoming an inner corridor, etc. are all within the scope of this technology; i. Built in a form similar to this technology, and there are two or more users to rebuild the cost technical form, which means that it is subjective to use this technology and is objective It is easy for the user to operate, such as opening a frame on the board between the two spaces above and below the buffer space unit, and then checking a manhole cover by the user. Such meaningless labor is also within the scope of this technology; j. Similarly, the building is made into a semi-finished product, or a temporary simple external wall is used, and then the user completes the subsequent construction work. This segmentation method is also within the scope of this technology; k. In addition, the balcony or The platform and the daylighting room are just different manifestations of the same concept.

2. At least a part of the top of the lighting room or lighting platform is a board or an object with a sunshade function, and the rest can be used as a lighting skylight: The floor of the lighting room or lighting platform replaces the wall and absorbs the sun's radiation on the entire unit's facade. Most of the thermal energy.

3. a. Pick up a balcony above the ground floor of a house or outside the middle of the floor, and go to the balcony The shadow space is formed below; b. Or a balcony on the ground floor of a house can be used for people. The upper balcony or the top can form the shadow space below. The shadow space can be divided into multiple spaces by building materials, but there must be One space is available for human use; C, or two identical buffer space units are stacked one on top of the other, or a baffle or wall with similar functions is formed by the external measurement of the protruding light room or platform and the lower adduction space. A beveled space area that can be used separately.

4. The inside of the balcony, trowel room or platform is an openable door, a glass door, a glass window, or a light-transmitting material, a fixed glass window or a light-transmitting material, or a light-guiding material plus an opening and closing vent hole. A connected indoor space provides natural light and ventilation.

5. The building connected to the buffer space unit, the natural light of the upper and lower indoor spaces adjacent to it mainly comes from the balcony, trowel room or platform; the total indoor height is not less than 3.5 meters; the total height of the buffer space unit is not less than 4 meters ; Usually the total indoor height is 5 meters, up and down 0.5 meters, the total height of the buffer space unit is equal to the total height of the indoor space; the depth of the buffer space unit is close to or less than its height, but greater than 2.5 meters.

6. In addition to the use of auxiliary means in extreme climates (such as the use of seasonal plant shading, air conditioning, heating equipment), the use of buffer space units to adjust the indoor climate.

Absorption and preservation of heat: Multifunctional glazed indoor and outside glazing with good thermal insulation (such as double-layer hollow) glass windows, use the floor to absorb solar thermal energy, and use a collector to store thermal energy into the space 4;

Thermal insulation temperature: The thermal insulation performance of multi-functional glazing indoor glass is better (such as double-layer hollow), which plays the role of a light-transmitting wall, and uses water to evaporate the heat of the floor of the multi-functional lighting room;

The use of indoor and outdoor space and the multi-functional lighting room will always produce a temperature difference. Based on the changes in outdoor air temperature during the day, according to the favorable and unfavorable periods, the multi-functional lighting indoor and outdoor windows will be flexibly opened to guide natural ventilation indoors; The buffer space units are arranged side by side and stacked on top of each other to form the buffer surface layer of the building, which exerts the overall effect; usually, the buffer space unit is better to face south.

7. Combining geography, climate, economy, culture and other factors, using existing software (such as operating system, office software, CAD platform) to computerize the design method of the building using buffer space units. At least one computer hardware system; and has a database of modules related to the buffer space unit, which can be selected during the overall building design, such as: geological modules, including soil, earthquake, foundation, structure and other factors; geographic modules , Including plains, mountains, deserts, floods, etc .; climate modules, including cold, temperate, dry, tropical, etc .; economic modules, including cities, market towns, villages, resource areas, etc .; cultural modules, including folklore, humanities, Landscape, history and other factors; Architectural style modules, including scale, shape, appearance, layout, traffic and other factors; and the operator enters specific data according to user requirements and actual conditions, and finally the computer completes the architectural plan design drawing using the buffer space unit , Simulation building renderings And construction drawings, and economic analysis of construction projects that use buffer space units, as well as management file classification and filing, and establish a specific database of construction projects that use buffer space units.

8. Use the existing software (such as operating system, office software, control system, etc.) to carry out a computer modular building management operation system for the building establishment using buffer space units. At least one set of computer hardware system. On the basis of the standard system, a scalable real-time management and operation system for buildings using buffer space units is established. The system consists of the following modules. The registration module includes people flow, logistics, and information flow. And other factors; system modules, including power, communication, fire protection, surveillance, safety and other factors; guarantee modules, including cleaning, care, maintenance, emergency and other factors; authentication modules, including credit, project, investment and other factors; mediation modules, including law Factors such as, negotiation, supervision, etc .; each module can work independently, and factors can be increased or decreased as required; the entire system is equipped with level identification devices to serve people at the corresponding level according to the level, and the system must be modified by multiple levels and multiple people. confirm.

9. A method of using buffer space units and habitable entrepreneurial buildings. Select a large space separable building structure, a multi-family elevator, and the project team is a habitable multi-functional entrepreneurial building; start from residential use, and set up an owner's association based on production; the employment management association adopts overall intelligent centralized management Use the building as a credit guarantee to recruit users and risk projects, and the project owner should use the assets of the household or other limited assets as collateral: change the indoor layout and add equipment and supplies according to the needs of the user or the project; adjust the difference according to the goals of the agreement The expansion will be good, and eventually it will develop into a unique entrepreneurial building with buffer space units that can occupy the surrounding market.

10. A networked approach to habitable entrepreneurial buildings using buffer space units. The buffer space units and the habitable entrepreneurial buildings maintain the necessary distance, and communicate with the Internet to achieve a full range of information exchange and material exchange. Uniform norms and standards are adopted among entrepreneurial buildings, regardless of geographical and climatic conditions, Regardless of differences in nationality and culture, use the market as a link to implement equal transactions; form traffic between multiple buildings

(Road, railway, water transport, aviation, aerospace), pipelines (information, water, electricity, gas, material, etc.) intertwined networks; establish a quality certification system using buffer space units, habitable entrepreneurial buildings, establish building scale standards, and Credit rating standards; implement a membership system represented by buffer space units and habitable entrepreneurial buildings, and establish a mutual assistance mechanism based on quality certification systems.

Interpretation a. Item 2 means that the facade of the daylighting room in summer is not protected from sunlight; part of the daylighting room or glazing platform is picked out, and it bears the solar energy of the original facade, and most of it is absorbed by the floor. This is to explain the difference between the facade and the plane. If due to the orientation, or cover the board with other objects, so that the board can not get solar energy, or floor boards using technologies such as Chinese Patent 6, Chinese Patent 7, etc. However, the fact that the floor of the lighting room or platform can be a heat sink cannot be changed; b. Item 3 is in the first item On the basis of space separation and utilization, although there are three cases and expressions are different, they are all about the composition and use of buffer space units and adjacent spaces; c. The fourth item is the indoor lighting and the first three items. The characteristics of ventilation are limited; d. Item 5 is mainly to achieve the best indoor lighting effect, and economical and suitable height; e. Item 6 is to adjust the indoor climate by using buffer space units. Outdoor climate can be divided into cold And heat, extreme super-cold and over-heated climates should use auxiliary means such as air conditioning and heating equipment; and this technology can also use seasonal plant shading, use water to evaporate the heat of the multi-functional trowel room floor, and use the poles to absorb solar thermal energy 1. Use the collector to store the thermal energy in the space 4 for adjustment. The most important thing is to use the switches of the indoor and outdoor windows to adjust the effect of the climate. In addition, the buffer space units are arranged side by side and stacked on top of each other. The buffer surface of the building is formed, so that the internal temperature of the building is relatively close, and the overall effect is exerted. Generally, the effect of the buffer space unit facing south is more effective. Good; f. Item 7 is a systematic design method of buildings using buffer space units. The main function is to achieve resource sharing and to implement this technical service more economically and reasonably. Its core feature is the establishment of a database, including specific buildings. Database; most of the content involved can be collected from existing materials; the contents of some modules have been described in the previous description of the drawings, and some of the module factors will be explained later; g, The eighth item is to implement a systematic and modular building operation management for buildings using buffer space units. The purpose of this system is to combine existing property management, building intelligence, and socialization for the use of buffer space units. Construction; h. Item 9 is a method of using buffer space units and habitable entrepreneurial buildings, starting with the large-scale construction of construction projects, collecting socially dispersed resources, and adopting teamwork in the process of building use To create a good social outlook and market business credit; i. Item 10 is to use some of the innovations in Item 9 Architecture, to form a comprehensive network system, in a specific area (using buffer space units, habitable entrepreneurial buildings) to achieve the optimal allocation of global resources with market economy as the tie and complementary advantages: j. With computer technology Development and practical application of management theory, items 7 and 8 are easy to implement; the purpose of these two items is to establish a visual management decision model for investors, to reduce blindness and investment risk, and also for construction. Asset appreciation and flow provide convenience; k, items 9, and 10 are interdependent. The development of entrepreneurial buildings requires scale and network, and the network needs specific service objects to survive better; it also shows that The role of technology in the future development of the architectural world and the role of future architectural forms. Although many technologies have emerged in this direction, entrepreneurial architecture was invented for this purpose! Although it is also possible to establish an interior layout system of the technology, the system can establish interior layout design drawings according to a specific model, but because this description is more comprehensive, and because of too many factors, the characteristics of the technology The proportion of the part is not large. As a result, the design system of this mode is closer to the public system, and many public softwares of this kind have such functions. Such as AutoCAD software. _m , the technology A schematic diagram of the scope and the relationship with the prior art is shown in Figure 103. Among them, there are many factors included in various construction environments, especially various human factors, so the figure is only a part of the conventional project. The ri, balcony, platform, and lighting room are mainly used in different climatic environments. This technology connects the three with a lighting room that can be opened, closed, and installed. 0. This technology (including buffer space and buildings using buffer space) breaks through existing thoughts and concepts, changes existing limitations, and aims to establish a systematic design and management system, as well as brand new innovative buildings and Operating system; P. The rest of this specification also involves a variety of technical factors and combinations, including reasonable inference combinations.

In addition, the buffer space unit should be flexibly changed according to different specific situations, and the following classifications are described as follows:

Key points of urban and architectural design in different climate regions using this technology (see reference 3):

1. Dry and hot climate areas-The conventional method is to use a compact plane to enhance the ventilation effect of the building. 釆 Use the smallest openings of doors and windows, thick exterior walls (which can be replaced by buffer space units) and the roof. Reasonable building orientation and reasonable. Set up a basement. The design points of the buffer space unit are as follows: Multi-layer glass is used on the inside of the lighting room, and the outside is shaded by plants. Water is used to evaporate the heat of the solar panel, which is mainly to reduce solar heat. On the whole of the building, a small outer surface shape is used, and the buffer space unit is used to form the buffer surface layer of the building. The high temperature of the lighting room is used to accelerate the outward flow of indoor air. If necessary, use the air-conditioning equipment to cool down.

2. Hot and humid climate areas:

The conventional methods are the building layout, the orientation of the main rooms and openings, the organization and division of the internal space, the shading and ventilation of the walls and entrances, the design of the seats and balconies, and the heat insulation performance of the walls and roofs. The buffer space unit combination method is considered. The main characteristics are: according to the climate change of the day, according to the favorable and unfavorable periods, it is necessary to conveniently open and close the indoor and outdoor windows, mainly to guide the ventilation and keep the room dry.

3. Temperate climate areas:

The key is energy saving. The conventional method must reasonably determine the shape of the building. The combined structure must have good thermal insulation. Choose a favorable building orientation. Consider the east and west heating and insulation. Use insulation technology ("buffering space" or balcony). At the same time, it is necessary to consider installing necessary air-conditioning equipment in the room. The characteristics of the buffer space unit are: multi-layer glass is used in the interior of the lighting room, which is mainly heat-insulated, and has good sealing performance in foreign trade. The thermal energy of the lighting room is adjusted by the external window.

4. Frigid climate areas:

The characteristics of using the buffer space unit are: multi-layer glass is used in the lighting room and outside, so that the solar heat is continuously stored in the lighting room, mainly for heat preservation and storage, and the reasonable amount of fresh air is controlled to avoid heat loss. Including the use of heat collectors to store thermal energy in the space 4, it may also be considered to use the floor of the lighting room to conduct heat in contact with the indoor space. The indoor should also consider installing necessary heating equipment to maintain the ideal state of the room.

Key points of architectural design in special areas using this technology:

1. Economic factors: The method of lowering the output and height is adopted, but the minimum is not less than 3.5 meters. You can refer to the layout of Chinese patent 4 (you don't need to consider the functional space that the buffer space unit has already satisfied; In addition, use wood and bamboo more. And other local economic resources; the use of prefabricated components, and industrial production.

2. Water resources: The storage space in the buffer space unit 4. It can be used to store water in households, use edible plastic bags and other items to prevent water loss, and also use solar energy to distill and purify the water to produce water for direct drinking. Water is necessary for human beings, and buildings should be located in areas with sufficient water sources. In most water scarce areas, deep water wells and storage reservoirs can be used.

3. Scale effect: In economically poor areas, it is only economically reasonable to increase the local density, because after considering time, regional scale can be used for centralized transportation of resources (energy, materials), combined heat and power, information sharing, and mutual assistance. Disaster resistance, etc. What is more important is to attract popularity and form a regional economic hot spot. The size of a single building must be considered first with this technology.

4. Geological environment impact: In order to make the building stable and long-term use, geological conditions have a great impact on the building, including the shape of the plot, the surrounding terrain, and the underground soil conditions such as sunny floods. In particular, landslides, earthquake-prone areas, flood passing areas, storms and lightning have a great impact on the use and life of the building. Use deep-pile box-shaped foundations and large building masses to control building heights and choose frame-based structures that complement local reinforced structural systems.

Beneficial effects:

The buffer space unit originates from the improvement of existing energy-saving technologies, and strives to reflect the technical methods of sustainable development of buildings. However, the buffer space unit is different from a flat unit composed of multiple households or a three-dimensional unit composed of multiple households, and is also different from a single-function room, such as a bedroom, a living room, a hall, and the like. The buffer space unit is a three-dimensional space that combines multiple functions and meets the requirements of use. This reflects the concept of functional groups.

The buffer space unit can be combined with a variety of building types and can meet a variety of use functions, which involve all aspects of the building. From the background technology, the existing patent technology or the theoretical knowledge of the test books really have specific performance characteristics and effects. The combination of the buffer space unit and it will reflect different characteristics and effects, that is, it reflects the architecture The concept of combination.

For this reason, this specification adopts a method of separate description combining existing technology and theory. If it is repeated, it may be caused by the intersection of different perspectives or specific cases. But the repeated backgrounds are different, This also helps to understand and understand the technology more fully. Some features and beneficial effects of the technology have been mentioned in the previous statement. In addition, there are no specific examples to prove, so they are not listed here in summary. In the following, through the analysis, discussion and research of some problems, the buffer space unit and the buildings using the buffer space unit are summarized and summarized.

Flexibility concept: Theoretically speaking, the buffer space unit is an optimization and compression of the existing use space, but the actual area coefficient depends on the ratio of the buffer space unit to the indoor space and the effective use of the indoor space. That is, increasing the depth and increasing the area of the interlayer will increase the actual use area coefficient, but the use comfort will become worse. Conversely, reducing the depth or expanding the shared space area will reduce the actual use area coefficient but improve the use comfort. The characteristic of using this technology is that this process can be reversibly reversible, reflecting the concept of high flexibility. The key feature is that the necessary functional space is reasonably compressed in a fixed area.

Comprehensive comparison and analysis of design schemes: Due to the existence of the concept of elasticity, it is difficult to use the current building density to evaluate buildings with buffer space units. The easiest method is to comprehensively compare the design schemes with buildings without buffer space units. With the popularity of computers and the improvement of performance, and the improvement of related building design software functions, the cost of using this method has been reduced. However, the key to the evaluation is to compare and analyze the architectural design designed with other technologies and the architectural design using the buffer space unit on the premise of similar conditions. It also conducts a comprehensive assessment in terms of development cycle, capital distribution, and investment risk, reliability, and feasibility.

In the above similar conditions comparison, a more reasonable method is to compare by space volume, that is, the area multiplied by the height of the floor, which are mentioned in many patents in the background art. However, what needs to be further studied is the reasonable allocation of public area and the dynamic adjustment of the use space (differences caused by different separation areas between households and adjustments after changes).

Discussion on the problem of sunshine: The sunshine conditions of buildings are a common concern of society and users. He is related to the indoor sanitary environment and is an important condition for psychological needs. However, the consideration of sunlight in architectural design should be moderate. The main technical idea of this technology is to provide each household with a space platform that has sufficient sunlight and basically meets the requirements for use (that is, people can enter their own sunshine area, and not the sunlight must Bright all corners). The reason is that sunshine is not 24 hours a day and can be enjoyed 365 days a year, because there are nights and bad weather. With the improvement of human civilization, the effect of artificial lighting is often greater than natural light. What may be lost with this technique is direct sunlight for hours after opening the curtain. What we get is the variability of the overall layout of the building, the simplification of the building structure, the saving of construction funds, the shortening of the construction period, and investment opportunities for socially dispersed funds, increased employment opportunities, environmental improvements, economic development, and social progress. Step. .

In addition, the ordinary daylighting of indoors through ordinary balconies is parallel light, which is prone to glare, and not all of the balcony facades are used for daylighting. High balconies in this technology are equivalent to tall windows, and the windows are opened as large as possible on the inside. Although the lower part of the window may produce a more obvious dark area, it has little effect on the use of auxiliary rooms such as the kitchen, and the high window can increase the depth of lighting. For example, according to the proportion of houses, windows, and grounds used in civil buildings, a comparative calculation analysis of daylighting (Building Physics, Wu Shuqiu, Tianjin Science and Technology Press)

August 1998, P184), the standard room height is 3 meters, the window-to-ground ratio is 5; and the indoor cubicle of this technology is 4.2 meters, the total height is 8 meters, the effective window width is 2.5 meters, and the height is 2 . 2 meters, the irradiable area is: 2. 5 * 2. 2 * 5 * (3/4. 8) = 17 (square meters), which translates into an irradiable depth of 4 meters; when the window-to-ground ratio is 7, 7 米。 Can be irradiated area of 24 square meters, converted to irradiated depth of 5.7 meters. (Bedroom, living room, and kitchen window-to-ground ratio is 1/7.) Diversity of buffer space unit: The buffer space unit optimizes and compresses the existing use space, but it is not immutable. It can use multiple Various materials, multiple structures, multiple forms, multiple shapes. And the separability of its internal space, such as the toilets located in the lighting room, barbecue in the open lighting room, multi-functional lighting treasure floor, etc. In addition, emergency holes that can be opened and closed, mezzanine ventilation, or pipelines are provided between the upper and lower spaces.

In short, the buffer space unit is a functional group; it has a good combination with the building; it liberates most of the space; it reflects the flexibility of living (including comfort and economy); it simplifies the building structure system; it can be produced industrially (especially The materials used can be changed from the original primary products to finished products or semi-finished products, extending the real estate and construction industry chain) to allow flexible layout of the building space; it can reduce the investment threshold for public participation and save investment; for specific areas, the The original backward land form has changed into the building block of human civilization—the building form, thereby enhancing the strength and ability of the region; reflecting the win-win ideas of interdependence and demand (such as land and investment, developers and users, users and society ); Take the market-oriented route (with consumption as the starting point, production and use for the purpose of converting investment or borrowing money into investment to generate business, and use profitable money to realize consumption); use large-scale construction and advanced equipment Form the overall advantages of the building, reduce investment risks, and improve security capabilities against disasters and terrorism; From a single-family building to a collective building, it should not only save land resources, but also embody human teamwork: creativity, technology, production, and survival. As a result, a new social form and economic culture were formed.

Therefore, the buffer space unit and its building provide a new space platform for all-round expansion of human beings on the earth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the foregoing, the buffer space unit and the building have been described, and the description from FIG. 1 to FIG. 50 has been described below. The drawings starting from FIG. 51 are explained:

The following drawings mainly show the relationship between the existing building type and the buffer space unit, which can be used for new construction and reconstruction: Figure 51 shows a floor plan, while Figure 52 shows a floor unfinished exterior wall chart, Figure 53 shows a second floor plan, and Figure 54 It shows the shared space on the second floor with the upper and lower inertia. Figure 55 shows the shared space on the second floor with the upper and lower inertia. The above five figures can be changed to a building with a buffer space unit at the position of section line 100 according to FIGS. Figure 63, Figure 64, and Figure 65 are also methods that can be changed, depending on the location of the buffer space unit. Figure 56 shows the second-floor balcony view. The first-floor balcony can be removed, as shown in Figure 68. The balcony can also be a lower balcony: Figure 57 shows one balcony above and below the middle corridor on the second floor, and Figure 58 shows outside corridors and balcony on the second floor. The two drawings are from Chinese patent 3, and the structure needs to be strengthened. Figure 59 shows the building with a porch on the second floor and a porch. This figure is from page 164 of Reference 2. The method for changing it is shown in Figure 66. Figure 60 is Chinese patent 1. It can be changed according to Figure 67. Figure 69 is the buffer space unit and Up and down floors Step dislocation stacking diagram, the buffer space unit position is higher in the figure, of course, the buffer space unit position can also be lowered, or the value of the upper and lower misalignment is different (refer to Chinese patent CN 1256346A holographic intelligent building is substantially different); Figure 70 It is a stacking map of the first-floor and second-floor households. When the height of the first-floor household is low, the Chinese patent 4-bedroom partition method can be used. Since the kitchen and bathroom need not be considered, it can be more flexibly arranged; 71 is a form in which two households adopt the technology, and a household 102 in the middle does not use this technology. The form of entering a household can be on the side or on the other side; Figure 72 shows the use of the technology by the second-tier and third-tier households 103 If the daylighting rooms of the second house are set close to each other, the daylighting performance of the lower-level sunroofing room will be worse: The pair of pictures shows the form of this technology at both ends of a house, the second floor house 104 and another third floor house 105, where the two-story households have different positions of light treasures, and can realize two different levels of entrance doors in a house. The concept is similar to Chinese patent 5, but the form is different; Figure 74 shows the general Bottom 108, The above is a buffer space unit user 107 with a partition in the middle, and the above uses a buffer space unit user 106 with a reduced depth. When the depth direction is partitioned, an intermediate public corridor can be set to enhance the air flow. Various forms of medium rot; Figure 75 shows that the storage space 4 can be separated by a partition plate 113 and covered with a movable cover 114, of which 109 is a top plate in the lower space and 110 is a side wall plate, which can also resist lateral forces. The side panel 111 only functions to separate or block the view, 112 is a balcony with windows; Figure 76 is viewed from the side of Figure 75, and Space 5 can also be partitioned like Space 4. Figure 77 is a further modification of Figure 76 Zooming in, you can see that the back beam 34 supports the outer wall 35 with a rich lower space, on which the structural beam 116 is connected to the partition plate 113; and the space 5 partition plate 115 is connected to the back beam 34; Figure 78 shows that the inclined surface 6 is in After avoiding the window hole 117, shrubs can be planted from space 5 with a height of up to 2 meters; Figure 79 shows that the bevel 6 extends to the balcony bar to level out except the thunder hole 117, and the entire surface 119 can be used for advertising and exterior wall decoration; 80 means bevel 6 upwards Extends to the balcony bar to equalize the space 120, which is also divided by dividers Isolation and structural strengthening can grow vines 121; the skylight 120 showing the balcony or lighting room is moved up to the lower window opening 117 to form a natural slope, which is convenient for rainwater removal and collection (except the existing In addition to the collection and drainage system, you can also use the Fumen pipe to collect drainage); keep a part of it not to move up, or move up differently, so that a side 123 becomes the exhaust hole of the calender chamber; the figure shows the space from the side 4, 5, 120, and the side 123 formed by the measuring plate ill and the oblique skylight 120. Fig. 78 to Fig. Are front views and cross sections of corresponding positions. The figure shows that the side 123 of the exhaust hole of the lighting room is composed of a protective net 124, a low-voltage insecticidal net 125 and a safety screen 126.

Figures 84 to 92 are common building plane forms 127. The grid part is a buffer space 128 composed of buffer space units. The buffer space unit may not be provided in an unfavorable direction or as needed, such as a stairwell 129. Figure 93 shows the two-story primary and secondary frame structure (refer to "Optimization of Structural Options for High-Rise Buildings", edited by Liu Dahai et al., January 1996, p. 213). Floor 130 in the figure, and the thick frame is the main frame 131. The thin line is the sub-frame 132. When the technology is used, the main frame plays a supporting role, and the sub-frame is convenient for sandwich fixing or flexible space separation. Figure 94 shows a container prefabricated assembly method using this technology: two containers 133 are connected in parallel, and a part of them is opened, but the structural columns and beams 134 are retained. Two containers 135 are made in the same way and buckled to the previously made containers. In this way, the four containers form a group 136. On the site, the container groups 136 are connected in parallel and superimposed into a multi-story building 137. The prepared buffer space units 138 are connected, and each floor enters each household through the channel 139. Here, the windows of the lighting room should be made of flexible light-transmitting materials. The stairwell 140 may take many forms. Further, the prefabricated panels assembled approach may also be employed, U.S. Patent also provides a reference (us 4136492, Industrialized building construction) 0 FIG. 95 shows the structure of the form in which the buffer unit and the floor space split, since the split 141 causing transverse Construction The transmission of horizontal forces is discontinuous, so the depth of the buffer space unit should be minimized. There are many methods for structural treatment, for example: setting up structural columns (or structural beams) 142, opening holes in the board and setting inclined ladders; integrally prefabricating the stepped members 143 like prefabricated floor slabs. At this time, structural columns are usually prefabricated. The side of the component; the method of step 144 can also be simply added, but the use space is reduced and the weight is increased. Reinforced concrete test panels 145 can be used in the buffer space unit to enhance the overall performance of the structure. Fig. 96 shows a sectional perspective view of the buffer space unit; Fig. 97 shows the use of a house connected back and forth in the building (choose the location where the wind pressure on the building facade is high), the wind power equipment 147 is installed, and the opening degree through the door or blind 146, Controlling the ventilation volume is also easy to maintain, but at least equipped with sound insulation and vibration damping devices. See also US patent (us 5394016, Solar and wind energy generating system for a high rise building) ₀ In addition, Figure 98 is a combined floor in a building using this technology; Figure 99 is a three-dimensional axis of a part of a building of this technology Perspective view; Figures 100, 101 and 102 show regional development of the technology; Figure 103 Represents the scope of this technology and its relationship with the prior art

Since the buffer space unit is suitable for various building forms, and the existing building technology can implement the technology without difficulty. Therefore, the following describes only the special issues of the technology during implementation:

First of all, as a construction and development project, the implementation content should include the organization of skilled technicians, survey of economic and environmental conditions and land use conditions, selection of technology combinations suitable for geographical and climatic conditions, technical and economic analysis, and portfolio planning.

Buffer space units exist depending on specific buildings, and involve buildings, structures, materials, etc. in civil engineering; preliminary planning of engineering buildings, such as project proposals, feasibility studies, etc .; and construction management, property management, and so on. Therefore, the skilled technicians in the technical field of the present invention should be a project working group composed of personnel involved in the above technologies, including financial accounting, legal consultants and other personnel.

The team should be proficient in negotiating transactions and legal formalities, and choose economic solutions with due consideration of technical specifications and safety factors. In order for the project to achieve the expected market effect of the plan, relevant market planners and marketers should also be invited to participate in the project working group.

The following is a detailed description of the implementation of this technology with a composite building in the building. See Figure 98, 207 is completed by the main body of the second-floor building, 217 is the construction passage, and it will be a public corridor in the future; 208 is a mezzanine or middle The structure of the floor is connected to the beam, and its role is similar to that of the sub-frame 132. It can easily use light materials to complete the floor and partition wall layout during decoration or renovation, forming different use spaces. The pipes are mainly concentrated on the side of the corridor and the lighting room. The outer slab 209 on the upper part of the corridor is used. At this time, the buffer space unit has been basically formed. In this embodiment, the main structure of the building is a frame system, and most of the walls are removable. It is not important to open the window or to close it. With the anti-beam structure 219, the beam cannot be seen on the balcony of the lower floor (same as the upper balcony in this picture). 210 is a two-room activity room. Except for the indoor arc ladder 220, it is basically not used for interior decoration, and can be used for fitness, table tennis, and billiards. Since there is no mezzanine, the upper level can also see the lower level billiard table 230. 201 is a habitable office, the lower level is an office area, with a staff area 211 and a rest area 212. The management area 201; the upper level is a higher-level residential area with a rest area, an entry-type storage room 222, and a large-scale living room 221 And with bathroom. Qing 204 mainly focuses on personal living and work, such as clinics, the lower level is the working area, the entrance area is the reception area 214, the middle area is the storage area 215, and finally the studio is; the upper level is the living area 224. When the work business increases, you can also increase manpower The living area 224 is used for business; it can also be used for studios, lawyers, agency consultation, etc. 203 is a restaurant arrangement. There are five private rooms 223 on the upper floor, and the main floor has a cash register 213, a small dining table, and ingredients processing. 200 is a simple The dormitory is used as a class, student dormitory, single hotel, etc. in the military camp. Among them, there are eight single rooms 220 on the upper floor, and four single rooms and two storage rooms 210 on the lower floor. 205 is the lower elevator room, 225 is the upper mezzanine, which can be used for public social, management office, equipment maintenance and other purposes; the staircase is set to 6 sun, and the upper sun side 206 does not have an external balcony, forming a staircase on the facade Features: 226 is an elevator. Because it is a double-deck stop, the number of elevator stops can be relatively saved, and energy saving effects can be achieved. When the total height of the floor requires a second staircase, it can be considered at 227 and extended outward. The double outer porch is formed, and it is a double outer porch which is not on one side and not on the same floor. The reinforced concrete elevator and 228 are used as the core of the structure. Because of the relative symmetry, the overall strength of the building is enhanced. The number of booths 229 on a floor is mainly to consider whether the length of the transportation route is convenient, or whether the length is within a limited range.

The above content basically reflects the characteristics of the building using this technical method, but this does not mean that the role of this technology is limited to that shown in the figure. Several buildings with buffer space units are within the scope of this technology. For example, the combined floor is used by a production enterprise, and the enterprise can arrange functional departments, employee restaurants, dormitories, as well as test, production, warehouse, etc. according to the opening. If you arrange staff rotation, you can improve the efficiency of enterprise resources and save employees' round trip time. Especially for modern R & D small businesses, their survival depends on external support, and employees make full use of high-priced equipment, use high-speed operation to increase the probability of success, and reduce entrepreneurial risks. The entrepreneurial architecture of this technology provides convenience and possibility for this .

It can also be seen that from the beginning of residence, study, work, research, experimentation, to the establishment of enterprise production, from small to large, as long as you have the ability and hard work, you will have career success. The large number of occupations and personnel in large buildings, as well as economic and credit guarantees, increase the chances of success. This is the entrepreneurial building, including individual, collective, corporate and social entrepreneurship. This is a spontaneous, distinct from the current development zone building model.

Taking the above factors into account, the best specific implementation of this technology is: Large-scale, multi-functional and comprehensive management. For example: 50 meters high (10 floors), 100 meters long (20 households), 18 meters deep. There are one or two vertical passages in a building with a general entrance and exit. With three persons per household, the resident population is 600, plus mobile residents, and there are nearly 1,000 people in a building. From the structure of personnel, facilities and equipment, as well as financial resources and intelligence, all form an invisible and huge force. This is a long-term intangible asset that will naturally turn into attraction and control of surrounding areas.

Figure 99 is a three-dimensional isometric perspective view of some buildings of this technology. A sloping roof covers a part of the balcony and blocks summer sunlight from radiating to the inside facade of the lighting room (balcony); Figures 100, 101, and 102 show the areas of the technology development of. It can be the following situation: The entrepreneurial building is set up next to the two-lane road. Figure 100 With the economic development, a production building cabinet 101 needs to be established; With the further expansion of the scale, the road is expanded to four vehicles Road, the production factory across the road is built on both sides, and the original production building is used for office and living. Form a modern castle.

Claims

Rights request

The buffer space unit is a transition space between the building's internal space and the building's outside; both upper and lower spaces in the unit are available for human use, and both communicate with the connected building's internal space; one of the spaces projects outward as Multifunctional lighting room.

2. The buffer space unit of a building according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the top of the multifunctional lighting treasure is a board or an object with a sunshade function, and the remaining part can be used as a lighting skylight: a floor of the multifunctional lighting room Instead of walls, it absorbs most of the thermal energy of the sun shining on the entire unit's facade.

3. The buffer space unit of a building according to claim 1, characterized in that: two identical buffer space units are stacked one on top of the other, or a baffle or wall having a similar function, so that the protruding calender room or platform and the lower part The sloped space area formed by the external measurement of the internal space, which can be used separately.

4. The buffer space unit of a building according to claim 1, 2, and 3, characterized in that: the inside of the light chamber is an openable door, a glass door, a glass window, or a light-transmitting material, and the glass window is fixed Or light-transmitting materials, or light-guiding materials plus openable and closable ventilation holes, to provide natural light and ventilation for a connected indoor space.

5. The buffer space unit of a building according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the building connected to the buffer space unit, the natural light of the upper and lower indoor spaces adjacent to it mainly comes from the multi-functional lighting room; the total indoor height is not less than 3.5 meters; the total height of the buffer space unit is not less than 4 meters; usually the total height of the indoor space is 5 meters, 0.5 meters above and below, the total height of the buffer space unit is equal to the total height of the indoor space: the depth of the buffer space unit is close to or less than Its height, but greater than 2.5 meters.

6. The buffer space unit of a building according to claim 1, in addition to using auxiliary means in extreme weather (such as: using seasonal plant shading, air conditioning, heating equipment), a method for adjusting the indoor climate by using the buffer space unit, It is characterized by:

Absorption and preservation of heat: Multi-functional glazing indoors and outside use good thermal insulation (such as double-layer hollow) glass windows, use the floor to absorb solar thermal energy, and use a collector to store thermal energy into the space (4);

Thermal insulation temperature: The thermal insulation performance of the glass inside the multi-functional lighting room is better (such as double-layer hollow), which plays the role of a light-transmitting wall, and uses water to evaporate the heat of the floor of the multi-functional lighting room;

The use of indoor and outdoor space and the multi-functional lighting room will always produce a temperature difference. The outdoor temperature during the day will be used to flexibly open and close the multi-functional lighting indoor and outdoor windows according to favorable and unfavorable periods to guide households. Natural ventilation

The buffer space units are arranged side by side and stacked on top of each other to form the buffer surface layer of the building, which exerts the overall effect; usually, the buffer space unit is better to face south.

7. The buffer space unit of a building according to claim 1 and 6, in combination with geographical, climatic, economic, cultural and other factors, using existing software (such as operating system, office software, CAD platform) for computerized The design method of a building using a buffer space unit is characterized by: at least one computer hardware system; a database of modules that are related to the buffer space unit and can be expanded and used for the overall building design, such as a geological module, Including soil, earthquake, foundation, structure and other factors; Geographic module, including plain, mountain, desert, flood and other factors; Climate module, including cold, temperate, dry, tropical and other factors; Economic module, including cities, market towns, villages, Resources area and other factors; cultural modules, including folklore, humanities, landscape, history and other factors; architectural style modules, including scale, shape, appearance, layout, transportation and other factors; and the operator enters specific data according to user requirements and actual conditions, Computer Completion of architectural plan design drawings, simulated building renderings and construction drawings using buffer space units, economic analysis of construction projects using buffer space units, and management file classification and archiving, etc., and establishment of specific construction projects using buffer space units database.

8. The buffer space unit of a building according to claim 1, using existing software (such as an operating system, office software, control system, etc.) to carry out computer modular building management for the establishment of a buffer space unit. The operating system is characterized in that it has at least one computer hardware system. Based on the standard system, an extensible real-time management operating system is used for buildings that specifically adopt buffer space units. The system consists of the following modules, the registration module, Including factors such as people flow, logistics, information flow, etc .; system modules, including power, communication, fire protection, surveillance, safety and other factors; guarantee modules, including cleaning, care, maintenance, emergency and other factors; authentication modules, including credit, project, investment, etc. Factors; mediation modules, including legal, negotiation, supervision and other factors: Each module can work independently and can increase or decrease factors as needed; the entire system is equipped with level identification devices to serve people at the corresponding level according to the level, system modification Must go through multiple stages Multiplayer confirmation.

9. The buffer space unit of a building according to claim 1, 6, 7, 8, and a method of using a buffer space unit and a habitable entrepreneurial building, characterized in that: a large space and separable building structure is selected Multi-family, one elevator, the nature of the project is a habitable multifunctional entrepreneurial building; starting with residential use, and setting up a homeowners' association based on households; the employment management committee adopts overall intelligent centralized management; the entire building is used as credit guarantee, and recruitment Users, recruit risky projects, and the project owner takes the production assets or other limited assets as collateral; change the indoor layout and add equipment and supplies according to the needs of the user or the project; The poor, expanded, and eventually developed into a unique entrepreneurial building with buffer space units that can occupy the surrounding market.

10. The buffer space unit of a building according to claim 9, wherein a buffer space unit and a habitable entrepreneurial building are networked, wherein each buffer space unit and the habitable entrepreneurial building are networked. Maintain the necessary distance, and connect with the Internet to achieve a full range of information exchange and material exchange; Uniform norms and standards should be implemented among entrepreneurial buildings, regardless of geographical and climatic conditions, and national and cultural differences, and fair transactions should be carried out with the market as the link Create traffic between multiple buildings

(Road, railway, water transportation, aviation, aerospace), pipelines (information, water, electricity, gas, material, etc.) intertwined networks; establish a quality certification system using buffer space units, habitable entrepreneurial buildings, establish building scale standards, and Credit rating standards; implement a membership system represented by buffer space units and habitable entrepreneurial buildings, and establish a mutual assistance mechanism based on quality certification systems.