WO2003095748A1 - Offshor base made of plate steel - Google Patents

Offshor base made of plate steel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003095748A1
WO2003095748A1 PCT/GB2003/002016 GB0302016W WO03095748A1 WO 2003095748 A1 WO2003095748 A1 WO 2003095748A1 GB 0302016 W GB0302016 W GB 0302016W WO 03095748 A1 WO03095748 A1 WO 03095748A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base
legs
offshore
wholly
central support
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2003/002016
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Fredrick Olsen
Original Assignee
Fred Olsen Renewables Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fred Olsen Renewables Limited filed Critical Fred Olsen Renewables Limited
Priority to AU2003239665A priority Critical patent/AU2003239665A1/en
Publication of WO2003095748A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003095748A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/027—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto steel structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to offshore bases, particularly but not exclusively offshore wind turbine bases.
  • any offshore base especially offshore wind turbine bases, is determined by a number of factors including: bed/geological conditions, water depth, imposed environmental loads (wind, wave, currents and ice) , construction methodology and accidental loading.
  • a typical offshore wind turbine has a rotary diameter turbine on a tower.
  • anchoring offshore wind turbines is achieved in two ways; mono-pile and gravity foundations.
  • mono-pile and gravity foundations There is a need for alternative bases for anchoring offshore structures like wind turbines or bouys . It would be preferable if one such alternative combined low design and manufacture costs with reliable hydrodynamic properties at least equal to those of the currently available offshore bases.
  • an offshore base having two or more legs radiating from a central support structure, wherein the legs are wholly or substantially formed from plate steel.
  • Plate steel is easily workable and conjoinable, and so provides a much simpler method of construction compared to, e.g. tubular steel.
  • the central support structure may also be wholly or substantially formed from steel plate. Alternatively, the central support structure is rolled or otherwise tubular as known in the art.
  • Plate steel is a common term in the trade and refers to pre-formed steel in a sheet-like form.
  • the central support structure is suitably designed to support an above water means such as a 1 tower.
  • a 1 tower is preferably constructed so
  • the offshore base has three legs or more,
  • the legs may have any suitable size, shape or
  • the legs Preferably have a box structure.
  • the legs may also be provided with stiffeners or 10 other stiffening.
  • the stiffeners may be internal
  • stiffeners can be added
  • legs outwardly taper to their distal
  • the legs are provided with piles that are
  • Pile loads generally decrease with an v ) 22 increase in the length of leg and number of piles.
  • the base may separately or additionally be anchored
  • ballast, chains or other suitable 10 means known in the art are ballast, chains or other suitable 10 means known in the art.
  • an offshore base having
  • the base includes one or more ( ) 22 anchoring piles.
  • Fig. 1 is an elevated perspective view of a first
  • Fig. la is a cross sectional view of the radial leg of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. lb shows an internalised view of a radial leg of the base in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 2 is an elevated perspective view of a second offshore base according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2a is an internalised view of the radial legs of the offshore base in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 2b is a front view of the offshore base in Fig. 2 revealing surface details thereof;
  • Fig. 3 is an elevated perspective view of a third offshore base according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows an offshore base (10) having a central support column, being a tower (12), from which project five radial box legs (14) .
  • Each leg (14) is spaced at an angle of approximately 72° from its neighbouring legs.
  • the legs (14) are shaped such that their lower surfaces all lie on a plane and are anchored to the sea bed (not shown) by piles (16) .
  • the legs (14) are formed from sections (20) of plate steel welded together to form a box section structure (15) shown in Fig la. Plate steel pieces (20) are easy to weld together, lowering manufacturing costs significantly. Corner
  • stiffening pieces (22) are added to increase the- rigidity of box section (15) .
  • Fig. lb shows internalised views of two of the radial box legs (14), showing the plate steel plates (20) of the box legs with a series of vertical stiffening plates (24) .
  • the combination provides a very strong rigid shape for each leg (14) purely from plate steel pieces (20).
  • the legs (14) are approximately 4m deep at the ' tower (12), tapering to 2m deep at the pile end. They are also approximately 2m wide.
  • the plate (20) thickness in the legs (14) will be in the order of 15-25 m. Force concentrations may occur at the pile/leg and leg/tower interfaces. Stiffening pieces (26) have been added at the latter locations.
  • Piles (16) are attached to the legs (14) and provide tensile support for the base (10) .
  • the piles (16) may be attached to the legs (14) by welding, or alternatively the piles (16) may pass though a pile sleeve in each leg (14), thereby effectively pinning the base (10) to the seabed.
  • the pile/leg interface is generally completed on site and as such will require underwater working. This connection must be capable of resisting bending moments, and there are several ways to achieve this. They include concrete casing of the pile within the leg structure, swaging of the leg structure around the pile, and welding/steelwork between the pile and the leg.
  • the piles (16) are sunk into the seabed using conventional means known in the art (e.g. drilling or driving) . Further support, if required, may be provided by the use of ground anchors or ballast; indeed this may be preferable in fast or deep water. Tensile safe working loads of 1500-3000kN can be achieved with ground anchors.
  • a second offshore base (30) is shown in Figures 2 and 2a.
  • the base (30) comprises a central support column (31) and five radial box legs (32) .
  • the angle of decline of the legs (32) from the ' column (31) has a three staged decline, shown diagrammatically as angles X, Y and Z.
  • the internal structure of the legs (32) is similar to those legs shown in Fig. lb and lc, i.e. a basic box structure made of sheet steel with internal stiffeners.
  • the second base (30) has connecting box arms (34) connecting the radial legs (32) .
  • the box arms (34) are also made of plate steel and have the same internal structure as the legs (32) , with internal stiffeners (35) as shown in Fig. 2a.
  • Fig. 2b shows the external bolt projections (36) on the surface of the offshore base (30) of the internal stiffening (35), and anchoring piles (38).
  • a third offshore base is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the third base (40) comprises a central support structure (44) and a radial conical surround structure (46) .
  • the third base (40) comprises a central support structure (44) and a radial conical surround structure (46) .
  • 1 base (40) has five anchoring piles (48).
  • the embodiment uses common jack-up,
  • the present invention extends to using ground

Abstract

An offshore base (10), particularly but not exclusively for a offshore wind turbine, is described. The base has two or more legs (14) radiating from a central support structure (12), wherein the legs are wholly or substantially formed from plate steel. The invention provides a simpler form of construction for an offshore base, replacing the currently used tubular steel pieces, which have difficult welding arrangements and subsequent weak stresses, with a far simpler straight welding arrangement, with stronger stress points, and/or more easily reducible stress points by the use of stiffeners in a manner well known to those skilled in the art. One embodiment of the current invention has been shown to provide a suitable base for an offshore wind turbine using an 8m significant wave height, water depth up to 15m and current speed of around 2m. The embodiment uses common jack-up, lifting and piling equipment, keeping pile diameters and length generally less than lm and 25m respectively.

Description

OFFSHORE BASE MADE OF PLATE STEEL
The present invention relates to offshore bases, particularly but not exclusively offshore wind turbine bases.
The design of any offshore base, especially offshore wind turbine bases, is determined by a number of factors including: bed/geological conditions, water depth, imposed environmental loads (wind, wave, currents and ice) , construction methodology and accidental loading.
When erecting offshore wind turbines and related structures, it is essential that they be securely anchored to the seabed to prevent toppling or unwanted movement.
A typical offshore wind turbine has a rotary diameter turbine on a tower. Conventionally, anchoring offshore wind turbines is achieved in two ways; mono-pile and gravity foundations. There is a need for alternative bases for anchoring offshore structures like wind turbines or bouys . It would be preferable if one such alternative combined low design and manufacture costs with reliable hydrodynamic properties at least equal to those of the currently available offshore bases.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an offshore base having two or more legs radiating from a central support structure, wherein the legs are wholly or substantially formed from plate steel.
Plate steel is easily workable and conjoinable, and so provides a much simpler method of construction compared to, e.g. tubular steel.
The central support structure may also be wholly or substantially formed from steel plate. Alternatively, the central support structure is rolled or otherwise tubular as known in the art.
Although steel is considered to be the most suitable material for construction, it is understood that any other material with suitable properties could be used. Plate steel, as used herein, is a common term in the trade and refers to pre-formed steel in a sheet-like form.
Preferably the central support structure is suitably designed to support an above water means such as a 1 tower. One such tower is preferably constructed so
2 as to accommodate a rotary diameter wind turbine. 3
4 Preferably the offshore base has three legs or more,
5 preferably five radial legs. 6
7 The legs may have any suitable size, shape or
8 design. Preferably the legs have a box structure.
9 The legs may also be provided with stiffeners or 10 other stiffening. The stiffeners may be internal
CJ 11 and/or external of the legs, including inter-leg
12 pieces. In one arrangement, stiffeners can be added
13 between the distal ends of the legs to form a radial
14 band. 15
16 Preferably the legs outwardly taper to their distal
17 ends. Any taper need not be constant. 18
19 Preferably the legs are provided with piles that
20 anchor the base to the foundation on which the base
21 rests. Pile loads generally decrease with an v ) 22 increase in the length of leg and number of piles.
23 However the percentage decrease in load between
24 consecutive numbers of legs reduces as the number of
25 legs increases. For a typical 80m tower it is
26 preferred to use not less than five legs and pile
27 array diameters greater than or equal to 20m. 28
29 A large number of different combinations of
30 legs/pile spacings are possible. If good ground
31 conditions are available then a four leg base may be
32 possible between 16-24m piles spacing. 1 Piles when used, could be located at any suitable
2 point along the length of the leg. If necessary or
3 desired an additional pile could be positioned
4 beneath the central support structure. Such a
5 central pile reduces deflection and stresses in the
6 zone beneath the centre of the base. 7
8 The base may separately or additionally be anchored
9 to the seabed by ballast, chains or other suitable 10 means known in the art.
O 11
12 Generally, the pieces of plate steel are conjoined
13 by being welded together, although other conjoining
14 means knowing in the art could be used. 15
16 According to another aspect of the present
17 invention, there is provided an offshore base having
18 a central support structure and a radial circular or
19 conical surround structure, the surround structure
20 being wholly or substantially formed from plate
21 steel, wherein the base includes one or more ( ) 22 anchoring piles.
23
24 The piles provide the extra anchoring to create a
25 stable structure. 26
27 Embodiments of the present invention will now be
28 described by way of example only with reference to 29 the accompanying drawings in which:
30
31 Fig. 1 is an elevated perspective view of a first
32 offshore base according to the present invention; Fig. la is a cross sectional view of the radial leg of Fig. 1;
Fig. lb shows an internalised view of a radial leg of the base in Fig. 1;
Fig. 2 is an elevated perspective view of a second offshore base according to the present invention;
Fig. 2a is an internalised view of the radial legs of the offshore base in Fig. 2;
Fig. 2b is a front view of the offshore base in Fig. 2 revealing surface details thereof; and
Fig. 3 is an elevated perspective view of a third offshore base according to the present invention.
Referring to the drawings, Fig. 1 shows an offshore base (10) having a central support column, being a tower (12), from which project five radial box legs (14) . Each leg (14) is spaced at an angle of approximately 72° from its neighbouring legs. The legs (14) are shaped such that their lower surfaces all lie on a plane and are anchored to the sea bed (not shown) by piles (16) .
The legs (14) are formed from sections (20) of plate steel welded together to form a box section structure (15) shown in Fig la. Plate steel pieces (20) are easy to weld together, lowering manufacturing costs significantly. Corner
Figure imgf000008_0001
stiffening pieces (22) are added to increase the- rigidity of box section (15) .
Fig. lb shows internalised views of two of the radial box legs (14), showing the plate steel plates (20) of the box legs with a series of vertical stiffening plates (24) . The combination provides a very strong rigid shape for each leg (14) purely from plate steel pieces (20).
Dimensionally, the legs (14) are approximately 4m deep at the' tower (12), tapering to 2m deep at the pile end. They are also approximately 2m wide. The plate (20) thickness in the legs (14) will be in the order of 15-25 m. Force concentrations may occur at the pile/leg and leg/tower interfaces. Stiffening pieces (26) have been added at the latter locations.
Piles (16) are attached to the legs (14) and provide tensile support for the base (10) . The piles (16) may be attached to the legs (14) by welding, or alternatively the piles (16) may pass though a pile sleeve in each leg (14), thereby effectively pinning the base (10) to the seabed. The pile/leg interface is generally completed on site and as such will require underwater working. This connection must be capable of resisting bending moments, and there are several ways to achieve this. They include concrete casing of the pile within the leg structure, swaging of the leg structure around the pile, and welding/steelwork between the pile and the leg.
Figure imgf000009_0001
7
The piles (16) are sunk into the seabed using conventional means known in the art (e.g. drilling or driving) . Further support, if required, may be provided by the use of ground anchors or ballast; indeed this may be preferable in fast or deep water. Tensile safe working loads of 1500-3000kN can be achieved with ground anchors.
A second offshore base (30) is shown in Figures 2 and 2a. Again, the base (30) comprises a central support column (31) and five radial box legs (32) . The angle of decline of the legs (32) from the ' column (31) has a three staged decline, shown diagrammatically as angles X, Y and Z.
The internal structure of the legs (32) is similar to those legs shown in Fig. lb and lc, i.e. a basic box structure made of sheet steel with internal stiffeners. In addition, the second base (30) has connecting box arms (34) connecting the radial legs (32) . The box arms (34) are also made of plate steel and have the same internal structure as the legs (32) , with internal stiffeners (35) as shown in Fig. 2a.
Fig. 2b shows the external bolt projections (36) on the surface of the offshore base (30) of the internal stiffening (35), and anchoring piles (38).
A third offshore base is shown in Fig. 3. The third base (40) comprises a central support structure (44) and a radial conical surround structure (46) . The
Figure imgf000010_0001
1 base (40) has five anchoring piles (48). The
2 surround structure (46) is made from layers of sheet
3 steel. 4
5 The embodiment of the current invention shown in
6 Fig. 1 has been studied to provide a suitable base
7 for an offshore wind turbine using an 8m significant
8 wave height, water depth up to 15m and current speed
9 of around 2m. The embodiment uses common jack-up,
10 lifting and piling equipment, keeping pile diameters r~-
11 and length generally less than lm and 25m
12 respectively. Generally the base will have five
13 legs and pile array diameters around 20m in order to
14 ensure that pile/ground capacities are not exceeded. 15
16 The present invention extends to using ground
17 anchors in instances where the base diameter must be
18 reduced and tension capacities cannot be achieved by
19 tension piles. With the use of ground anchors and
20 appropriate ground conditions, the base size could
21 be reduced to 4 legs (16m diameter) or 5 legs (14m
22 diameter) . 23
24 The present invention provides a simpler form of
25 construction for an offshore base, replacing the
26 currently used tubular steel pieces, which have
27 difficult welding arrangements and subsequent weak
28 stresses, with a far simpler straight welding
29 arrangement, with stronger stress points, and/or
30 more easily reducible stress points by the use of
31 stiffeners in a manner well known to those skilled
32 in the art.

Claims

.Claims
1. An offshore base having two or more legs radiating from a central support structure, wherein the legs are wholly or substantially formed from plate steel.
2. A base as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the central support structure is wholly or substantially formed from steel plate.
3. A base as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the plate steel is pre-formed steel in a sheet- like form.
4. A base as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims wherein the central support structure supports an above water means.
5. A base as claimed in Claim 4 wherein the above water means is a tower.
6. A base as claimed in Claim 5 wherein the tower accommodates a rotary diameter wind turbine.
7. A base as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims wherein the base has three legs or more.
8. A base as claimed in Claim 7 wherein the base has five legs.
Figure imgf000012_0001
10
9. A base as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims wherein the legs have a box-section structure.
10. A base as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims wherein the legs are provided with internal and/or external stiffeners.
11. A base as claimed in Claim 10 wherein the stiffeners include inter-leg pieces.
12. A base as claimed in Claim 11 wherein the stiffeners are between the distal ends of the legs to form a radial band.
13. A base as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims wherein the legs outwardly taper to their distal ends.
14. A base as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims wherein the legs are provided with one or more piles that anchor the base to the foundation on which the base rests.
15. A base as claimed in Claim 14 having an additional pile beneath the central support structure.
16. A base as claimed in Claim 14 or Claim 15 having five or more legs and a pile array diameter greater than or equal to 20m. ■ . 11
1 17. A base as claimed in Claim 14 or Claim 15
2 having four legs and a pile spacing in the
3 range 16-24m. 4
5 18. A base as claimed in any one of the preceding
6 Claims wherein the base is anchored to the
7 seabed by ballast and/or chains. 8
9 19. An offshore base having a central support 10 structure and a radial circular or conical 11 surround structure, the surround structure
12 being wholly or substantially formed from plate
13 steel, wherein the base includes one or more
14 anchoring piles. 15
16 20. A base as claimed in any one of the preceding
17 Claims wherein the pieces of plate steel are
18 conjoined by being welded together. 19
20 21. A base as claimed in any one of the preceding
21 Claims wherein the legs of the base are wholly 22 or substantially formed from flat sheets of
23 plate steel welded together in wholly or
24 substantially straight, lines. 25
26 22. A base as claimed in any one of the preceding
27 Claims being an offshore wind turbine base. 28
29 30 31
Figure imgf000014_0001
12
1 23. A method of manufacturing an offshore base
2 having two or more legs radiating from a
3 central support structure, comprising the step
4 of: 5
6 wholly or substantially forming the legs by
7 conjoining plate steel sheets. 8
9 24. A method as claimed in Claim 23 wherein the 0 plate steel sheets are conjoined by welding. 1 2 25. A method as claimed in Claim 24 wherein the 3 plate steel sheets are welded together in '4 wholly or substantially straight lines.
PCT/GB2003/002016 2002-05-14 2003-05-13 Offshor base made of plate steel WO2003095748A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003239665A AU2003239665A1 (en) 2002-05-14 2003-05-13 Offshor base made of plate steel

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0210969A GB0210969D0 (en) 2002-05-14 2002-05-14 Off shore base
GB0210969.2 2002-05-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003095748A1 true WO2003095748A1 (en) 2003-11-20

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GB (1) GB0210969D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2003095748A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1777348A1 (en) 2005-10-21 2007-04-25 Dredging International N.V. Device and method for offshore installations
EP1707808A3 (en) * 2005-03-30 2010-06-23 REpower Systems AG Mounting feet for a off - shore wind turbine
EP3103924A1 (en) 2015-06-09 2016-12-14 RWE Innogy GmbH Monopile foundation for an offshore tower structure
WO2017011681A1 (en) * 2015-07-15 2017-01-19 Rute Foundation Systems, Inc. Beam and pile anchor foundation for towers
US9938685B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2018-04-10 Rute Foundation Systems, Inc. Beam and pile anchor foundation for towers

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2699321A (en) * 1949-06-21 1955-01-11 Fred N Nelson Deepwater oil drilling and storage craft
US3246475A (en) * 1961-08-28 1966-04-19 William M Booth Telescopic marine derrick structure and method of erecting same
GB2021182A (en) * 1978-05-18 1979-11-28 Veth H Ingbureau Installing Offshore Drilling Platforms
US4239418A (en) * 1979-04-27 1980-12-16 Chevron Research Company Arctic multi-angle conical structure having a discontinuous outer surface
EP0039590A2 (en) * 1980-05-02 1981-11-11 Global Marine Inc. Offshore platform and method of constructing, erecting and dismantling same
US4371108A (en) * 1980-08-09 1983-02-01 Stephen Roggendorff Methods of manufacturing large tubular columns
US4762442A (en) * 1985-12-19 1988-08-09 Technip Geoproduction Support device for an off-shore oil drilling jack-up platform leg and platform including said device
US4808036A (en) * 1986-01-16 1989-02-28 Santa Fe International Corporation Mobile marine operations structure
GB2344843A (en) * 1998-12-18 2000-06-21 Neven Joseph Sidor Gravity securing system for offshore generating equipment
US6227803B1 (en) * 1996-11-30 2001-05-08 Hyun Jin Shim Apparatus for generating electric power using wind force

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2699321A (en) * 1949-06-21 1955-01-11 Fred N Nelson Deepwater oil drilling and storage craft
US3246475A (en) * 1961-08-28 1966-04-19 William M Booth Telescopic marine derrick structure and method of erecting same
GB2021182A (en) * 1978-05-18 1979-11-28 Veth H Ingbureau Installing Offshore Drilling Platforms
US4239418A (en) * 1979-04-27 1980-12-16 Chevron Research Company Arctic multi-angle conical structure having a discontinuous outer surface
EP0039590A2 (en) * 1980-05-02 1981-11-11 Global Marine Inc. Offshore platform and method of constructing, erecting and dismantling same
US4371108A (en) * 1980-08-09 1983-02-01 Stephen Roggendorff Methods of manufacturing large tubular columns
US4762442A (en) * 1985-12-19 1988-08-09 Technip Geoproduction Support device for an off-shore oil drilling jack-up platform leg and platform including said device
US4808036A (en) * 1986-01-16 1989-02-28 Santa Fe International Corporation Mobile marine operations structure
US6227803B1 (en) * 1996-11-30 2001-05-08 Hyun Jin Shim Apparatus for generating electric power using wind force
GB2344843A (en) * 1998-12-18 2000-06-21 Neven Joseph Sidor Gravity securing system for offshore generating equipment

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1707808A3 (en) * 2005-03-30 2010-06-23 REpower Systems AG Mounting feet for a off - shore wind turbine
EP1777348A1 (en) 2005-10-21 2007-04-25 Dredging International N.V. Device and method for offshore installations
EP3103924A1 (en) 2015-06-09 2016-12-14 RWE Innogy GmbH Monopile foundation for an offshore tower structure
WO2016198272A1 (en) 2015-06-09 2016-12-15 Rwe Innogy Gmbh Monopile foundation for an offshore tower structure
WO2017011681A1 (en) * 2015-07-15 2017-01-19 Rute Foundation Systems, Inc. Beam and pile anchor foundation for towers
US9938685B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2018-04-10 Rute Foundation Systems, Inc. Beam and pile anchor foundation for towers

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GB0210969D0 (en) 2002-06-19

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