WO2003088484A1 - Vco tuning curve compensated charge pump current synthesizer - Google Patents
Vco tuning curve compensated charge pump current synthesizer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003088484A1 WO2003088484A1 PCT/US2002/011350 US0211350W WO03088484A1 WO 2003088484 A1 WO2003088484 A1 WO 2003088484A1 US 0211350 W US0211350 W US 0211350W WO 03088484 A1 WO03088484 A1 WO 03088484A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- controlled oscillator
- voltage controlled
- pumping
- frequency
- control input
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/16—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/18—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/085—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal
- H03L7/089—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector generating up-down pulses
- H03L7/0891—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector generating up-down pulses the up-down pulses controlling source and sink current generators, e.g. a charge pump
- H03L7/0895—Details of the current generators
- H03L7/0898—Details of the current generators the source or sink current values being variable
Definitions
- VCOs Voltage controlled oscillators
- radio frequency transceivers for upcon verting an information signal from baseband to
- a particular transmission frequency i.e., channel
- a particular transmission frequency i.e., channel
- VCOs typically operate based upon the use of tank circuits and upon the
- circuits are devices that resonate at frequencies determined by inductive and capacitive
- the varactor of a VCO may be a diode or some other similar device. As is
- VCOs are effective, low voltage VCO designs, relying upon on-chip
- varactor diodes typically suffer from performance impediments such as frequency
- This invention provides for controlling an output frequency of a voltage
- the method includes the steps
- the apparatus includes a phase detector adapted to detect the phase error
- the apparatus also includes a gain
- controller adapted to adjust the pumping gain based upon the magnitude of the
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a voltage controlled oscillator system shown.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the voltage controlled oscillator system of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic of a charge pumping system used by the oscillator system
- FIG. 4 is a tuning sensitivity curve for an exemplary VCO of the system of
- FIG. 1 shows a dual input voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) system 12 in a
- VCO voltage-to-control circuit ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- RF radio frequency
- the VCO system 12 may provide a variable frequency oscillator
- a frequency control i.e., a channel selector
- the VCO system 12 provides the receive
- VCO system 12 provides a transmit frequency through a second output 22.
- a transmit/receive switch 26 may pass through a transmit/receive switch 26 and be band pass filtered in a first filter
- the filtered signal may be amplified in an amplifier 30. Following amplification,
- signal images may be removed within an imaging filter 32. Following bandpass
- the information signal may be mixed with
- the mixed signal may be low-pass
- the filtered signal may be amplified in a power
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the VCO systems 12 of FIG. 1.
- the VCO system
- VCO system 12 may be included within the VCO system 12.
- VCO 44 may be included within the VCO system 12.
- operating frequency of the VCO 44 of the VCO system 12 may be accomplished
- phase locked loop PLL
- reference oscillator 54 An output
- the output frequency from the VCO 44 may
- the phase detector 52 may be any electronic device which may be used to determine the phase of the input signal.
- a tune control word 5# may be used to select a proper operating frequency for
- the divider 46 may be conventional or a
- phase difference may be provided as an input
- the charge pump 50 functions to soiirce or sink current under the
- the output of the charge pump 50 is provided as an
- the loop filter 48 may be any low pass filter which functions
- a feedback loop 60 is used to adjust
- the filter 48 provides an input to the feedback loop 60.
- the feedback signal 62 may be
- gain control processor 58 amplified within a high impedance buffer amplifier/filter 56 and provided as an input to a gain control processor 58. It should be noted that while the gain control processor
- the amplified feedback signal may first be
- A/D converter 64 converts digital feedback signal into a digital feedback signal into an analog to digital (A/D) converter 64.
- the digital feedback signal may then be used as an index to enter a lookup table 13
- gain control processor 58 for recovery of an appropriate gain control word.
- charge pumping may be controlled to a level appropriate to the operating point of the VCO 44.
- FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic of the charge pump 50. Included within the
- charge pump 50 may be a number of pumping modules 70 and 72 connected in
- modules 70 and 72 may be used depending upon the granularity of gain
- Respective switches 74 and 76 function to control each pumping module (i.e., turn each module 70 and 72 on or off).
- module would sink or source 50% of the total current used to drive the VCO 44.
- each module 70 and 72 would contribute a smaller fraction (i.e., 5%) of the
- a calibration routine may be
- a tuning sensitivity k v may be determined for the VCO 44.
- tuning sensitivity k v means the change in output frequency Fout for every one- volt
- FIG. 4 depicts a tuning sensitivity curve for an exemplary VCO 44. As may be
- the tuning sensitivity is not constant across its tuning range (i.e.,
- filters 48 have to be tuned at the lowest operating frequency to provide the greatest
- the stability of the VCO system 12 can be increased by providing an nonlinear amplification function
- VCO 44 may be accomplished using any of a number of different methods. As a first
- a polynomial equation may be developed that predicts an
- a lookup table 13 may be developed that relates a tuning voltage on an input 62 to the
- the lookup table 13 may be developed
- the VCO system 12 may be calibrated by choosing a tuning control word for
- the gain control processor 58 and stepping though a set of operating frequencies.
- set of operating frequencies may be established by choosing a first tune control divisor
- a phase difference may be measured at an output 68 of the phase detector 52.
- chosen value 66 at the input to the divider 46 may be incremented by an integral value
- difference between the measured value at the output 68 may be compared with a calculated change to arrive at a deviation value, which may then be stored in the gain
- controller 58 This process may be repeated over the operating range of the VCO
Abstract
A system provided for controlling an output frequency of a voltage controlled oscillator (44) relative to a reference frequency. A method includes the steps of detecting a phase error between a divided output of the VCO (44) and the reference frequency (54), pumping a frequency control input of the voltage controlled oscillator with the phase error and adjusting a pumping gain based upon a magnitude of the frequency control input to the voltage controlled oscillator. The apparatus includes a phase detector 852) adapted to detect the phase error between the divided output of the voltalge controlled oscillator and the reference frequency and a charge pump (50) adapted to pump the frequency control input of the voltage controlled oscillator with the phase error. The apparatus also includes a gain controller (58) adapted to adjust the pumping gain based upon the magnitude of the frequency control input to the VCO.
Description
VCOTUNING CURVE COMPENSATED CHARGE PUMPCURRENT
SYNTHESIZER
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The field of the invention relates to oscillators and more particularly to voltage
controlled oscillators.
2. Related Art
Voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) are known and are frequently used in
radio frequency transceivers for upcon verting an information signal from baseband to
a particular transmission frequency (i.e., channel) or for downconverting an
information signal from a particular transmission channel to baseband.
VCOs typically operate based upon the use of tank circuits and upon the
influence of a variable capacitance provided by a varactor. As is well known, tank
circuits are devices that resonate at frequencies determined by inductive and capacitive
elements. Changing the values of the inductive or capacitive elements changes the
resonant frequency of the tank circuit, thereby changing the output frequency of a VCO
relying upon the tank circuit.
The varactor of a VCO may be a diode or some other similar device. As is
known, the capacitance across some diodes changes as a function of a reverse-bias
voltage. Where the reverse-biased diode is connected to an inductor, the resonant
frequency of the tank circuit can be independently controlled by the voltage across the diode.
While VCOs are effective, low voltage VCO designs, relying upon on-chip
varactor diodes, typically suffer from performance impediments such as frequency
centering errors and large variations in tuning constants. Frequency centering errors
can be reduced by providing a large tuning sensitivity range, but this can contribute to
phase noise. Because of the importance of VCOs in communications, a need exists for
a better method of improving the tuning linearity and centering frequency error of
VCOs.
SUMMARY
This invention provides for controlling an output frequency of a voltage
controlled oscillator relative to a reference frequency. The method includes the steps
of detecting a phase error between a divided output of the voltage controlled oscillator
and the reference frequency, pumping a frequency control input of the voltage
controlled oscillator with the phase error and adjusting a pumping gain based upon a
magnitude of the frequency control input to the voltage controlled oscillator.
The apparatus includes a phase detector adapted to detect the phase error
between the divided output of the voltage controlled oscillator and the reference
frequency and a charge pump adapted to pump the frequency control input of the
voltage controlled oscillator with a phase error. The apparatus also includes a gain
controller adapted to adjust the pumping gain based upon the magnitude of the
frequency control input to the voltage controlled oscillator.
Other systems, methods, features and advantages of the invention will be or
will become apparent to one of skill in the art upon examination of the following
figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems,
methods, features and advantages be included within this description, be within the
scope of the invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The invention can be better understood with reference to the following figures.
The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being
placed upon illustrating the principals of the invention. Moreover, in the figures, like
reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the different views.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a voltage controlled oscillator system shown.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the voltage controlled oscillator system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic of a charge pumping system used by the oscillator system
of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a tuning sensitivity curve for an exemplary VCO of the system of
FIG. 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 shows a dual input voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) system 12 in a
context of use under an illustrated embodiment of the invention. As shown, the VCO
system 12 is depicted within a simplified radio frequency (RF) transceiver 10. Within
the RF transceiver 10, the VCO system 12 may provide a variable frequency oscillator
signal that may be used for frequency translation of an information signal between
baseband and a transmit frequency and/or between a receive frequency and baseband.
Within the VCO system 12, a frequency control (i.e., a channel selector) 14
may be used to select a non-coincidental transmit and receive frequency to be used for
frequency translation. In a first, receive state, the VCO system 12 provides the receive
frequency through a first output 20 to a receiver 16. In a second, transmission state, the
VCO system 12 provides a transmit frequency through a second output 22.
Within a receiver portion 16 of the transceiver 10, a signal from the antenna 24
may pass through a transmit/receive switch 26 and be band pass filtered in a first filter
28. The filtered signal may be amplified in an amplifier 30. Following amplification,
signal images may be removed within an imaging filter 32. Following bandpass
filtering, amplification and image filtering, the information signal may be mixed with
the receive frequency from the VCO system 12 in a first mixer 34 and reduced to
baseband.
In a transmitter 18 an information signal "IN" is mixed with a transmit signal
from the VCO system 12 in a second mixer 40. The mixed signal may be low-pass
filtered in a low-pass filter 38. The filtered signal may be amplified in a power
amplifier 36 and routed through the transmit/receive switch 26 for transmission
through the antenna 24.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the VCO systems 12 of FIG. 1. The VCO system
12 may be fabricated on a single integrated circuit chip using conventional techniques.
Included within the VCO system 12 may be a VCO 44. Primary control of the
operating frequency of the VCO 44 of the VCO system 12 may be accomplished
through the use of a phase locked loop (PLL) 42 and reference oscillator 54. An output
from the reference oscillator 44 is compared with a divided output frequency F^jv
from the VCO 44 in a phase detector 52. The output frequency from the VCO 44 may
be divided to an appropriate comparison frequency for application to the detector 52
within a divider 46. The phase detector 52 may be any electronic device which
compares a phase and/or a frequency of the divided output frequency Fdjv with the
reference frequency Fref and which provides a control signal(s) proportional to the
phase and/or frequency error between the signals.
(p (*
A tune control word 5#may be used to select a proper operating frequency for
the output Fout of the VCO system 12. The divider 46 may be conventional or a
fractional frequency divider. The tune control
as the divisor to
divide the output frequency Fout to the appropriate frequency ¥$xv. By selecting an
appropriate tune control word 5β; the VCO 44 is caused to operate at whatever
frequency necessary to closely match the divided frequency Ffjjv with the reference
frequency Fref .
From the phase detector 52, the phase difference may be provided as an input
to a charge pump 50. The charge pump 50 functions to soiirce or sink current under the
control of the phase detector 52. The output of the charge pump 50 is provided as an
input to a loop filter 48. The loop filter 48 may be any low pass filter which functions
to integrate the pulsed current output of the charge pump 50.
To improve stability at any operating point, a feedback loop 60 is used to adjust
a current gain of the charge pump 50. A feedback signal 62 from an output of the loop
filter 48 provides an input to the feedback loop 60. The feedback signal 62 may be
amplified within a high impedance buffer amplifier/filter 56 and provided as an input
to a gain control processor 58. It should be noted that while the gain control processor
58 is shown as an independent module in FIG. 2, it could just as well be part of the
frequency synthesizer control as shown in FIG. 1.
Within the gain control processor 58, a magnitude of the amplified feedback
signal may be measured and used to select an appropriate current gain for charge
pumping within the charge pump 50. The amplified feedback signal may first be
converted into a digital feedback signal within an analog to digital (A/D) converter 64.
The digital feedback signal may then be used as an index to enter a lookup table 13
within the gain control processor 58 for recovery of an appropriate gain control word.
With the appropriate gain control word, charge pumping may be controlled to a level appropriate to the operating point of the VCO 44.
FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic of the charge pump 50. Included within the
charge pump 50 may be a number of pumping modules 70 and 72 connected in
parallel. While two modules 70 and 72 are shown in FIG. 3, it is to be understood that
any number of modules 70 and 72 may be used depending upon the granularity of gain
control desired. Respective switches 74 and 76 function to control each pumping module (i.e., turn each module 70 and 72 on or off).
Under the simplified system of two modules 70 and 72 shown in FIG. 3, each
module would sink or source 50% of the total current used to drive the VCO 44.
Looking at the pump 50 of FIG. 3 from another point of view, if one module (e.g., 70)
where pumping the VCO 44, then the activation of the second module 72 would result in a 100% increase in amplification.
In general, if a larger number of modules 70 and 72 were provided (e.g., 20),
then each module 70 and 72 would contribute a smaller fraction (i.e., 5%) of the
amplification of the signal driving the VCO 44. By judicially activating or
deactivating the modules 70 and 72 (by operation of the switches 74 and 76) the
current gain of the charge pump 50 may be precisely matched to the operating point
of the VCO 44.
In order to control the VCO system 12 of FIG. 2, a calibration routine may be
used to create the lookup table 13 used to selectively activate modules 70 and 72 on
or off. As a first step, a tuning sensitivity kv may be determined for the VCO 44. The
tuning sensitivity kv means the change in output frequency Fout for every one- volt
change in the feedback signal 62.
FIG. 4 depicts a tuning sensitivity curve for an exemplary VCO 44. As may be
noted from FIG. 4, the tuning sensitivity is not constant across its tuning range (i.e.,
the tuning slope is not constant). As a result of the change in tuning sensitivity (slope)
across the tuning range, a tuning voltage to the VCO 44 from the PLL loop 42 at lower
frequencies cause greater frequency changes than at higher frequencies.
Since the tuning sensitivity is higher at the lower frequencies, prior art loop
filters 48 have to be tuned at the lowest operating frequency to provide the greatest
stability. Tuning the filter 48 at the lowest operating frequency to accommodate the
non-linearities of the VCO 44 results in greater phase noise.
It has been found that the stability of the VCO system 12 may be considerably
enhanced by adjusting a current gain kp of the charge pump 50 to compensate for any
changes in the tuning sensitivity of the VCO 44. More specifically, the stability of the
VCO system 12 can be increased by providing an nonlinear amplification function
within the charge pump 50 that is equal and opposite to the nonlinearity of the tuning
sensitivity curve of the VCO 44.
The determination of an appropriate nonlinear amplification factor for use
within the charge pump 50 for any of a number of different operating points of the
VCO 44 may be accomplished using any of a number of different methods. As a first
step, it may be assumed that an equal and opposite reaction between tuning sensitivity
and pumping amplification may be accomplished by setting the product of tuning
sensitivity and pumping amplification equal to a constant (i.e., kv x kp =constant).
Under a first method, a polynomial equation may be developed that predicts an
output frequency for each incremental change in input voltage to the VCO 44. An
inversion of this equation may be used to predict pumping amplification. Alternately,
a lookup table 13 may be developed that relates a tuning voltage on an input 62 to the
VCO 44 to a pumping amplification level. The lookup table 13 may be developed
using either the equations discussed above or by using a calibration routine.
The VCO system 12 may be calibrated by choosing a tuning control word for
the gain control processor 58 and stepping though a set of operating frequencies. The
set of operating frequencies may be established by choosing a first tune control divisor
and inputting the chosen value 66 from the tuning controller 14 into the divider 46.
A phase difference may be measured at an output 68 of the phase detector 52. The
chosen value 66 at the input to the divider 46 may be incremented by an integral value
and the change at the output of the phase detector 68 measured using a meter 70. A
difference between the measured value at the output 68 may be compared with a
calculated change to arrive at a deviation value, which may then be stored in the gain
controller 58. This process may be repeated over the operating range of the VCO
system 12 to provide a deviation table. An amplification value may then be easily
chosen to accommodate each deviation value within the deviation table. The deviation
table and chosen amplification may together form the lookup table 13.
The use of the single chip VCO system 12 and gain control within the charge
pump 50 for control the VCO system 12 offers a number of advantages over prior
approaches. For example, adjustment of charge pump current gain to compensate for
changes in tuning linearity allows an operating point of the PLL 42 to be centered for
maximum stability. The construction of the VCO system 12 on a single chip improves
kick and pull performance with regard to power supply fluctuations and parasitic
loading effects.
While various embodiments of the application have been described, it will be
apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more embodiments and
implementation are possible that are within the scope of this invention. Accordingly,
the invention is not to be restricted except in light of the attached claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method of controlling an output frequency of a voltage controlled oscillator
relative to a reference frequency, comprising of:
detecting a phase error between a divided output of the voltage controlled
oscillator and the reference frequency;
pumping a frequency control input of the voltage controlled oscillator based
upon the phase error; and
adjusting a pumping gain based upon a magnitude of the frequency control
input to the voltage controlled oscillator.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising converting the magnitude of the
frequency control input to the voltage controlled oscillator to a digital value.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising entering a lookup table of pumping
gain values using the converted frequency control input to the voltage controlled
oscillator and recovering a pumping gain control word.
4. The method of claim 3 further comprising selectively activating and
deactivating a set of pumping drive transistors based upon a value of the pumping gain
control word.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising determining a transfer function for
the voltage controlled oscillator at a plurality of operating points.
6. The method of claim 5 further comprising determining a pumping gain at each
of the plurality of operating point such that a product of the pumping gain and transfer
function is substantially a constant across the plurality of operating points.
7. The method of claim 6 further comprising storing the determined pumping gain
in the lookup table.
8. An apparatus for controlling an output frequency of a voltage controlled
oscillator relative to a reference frequency, comprising:
means for detecting a phase error between a divided output of the voltage
controlled oscillator and the reference frequency;
means for pumping a frequency control input of the voltage controlled
oscillator with the phase error; and
means for adjusting a pumping gain based upon a magnitude of the frequency
control input to the voltage controlled oscillator.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising means for converting the
magnitude of the frequency control input to the voltage controlled oscillator to a digital value.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising means for entering a lookup table
of pumping gain values using the converted frequency control input to the voltage
controlled oscillator and recovering a pumping gain control word.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 further comprising means for selectively activating
and deactivating a set of pumping drive transistors based upon a value of the pumping
gain control word.
12. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising means for determining a transfer
function for the voltage controlled oscillator at a plurality of operating points.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising means for determining a pumping
gain at each of the plurality of operating point such that a product of the pumping gain
and transfer function is substantially a constant across the plurality of operating points.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 further comprising means for storing the determined
pumping gain in the lookup table.
15. An apparatus for controlling an output frequency of a voltage controlled
oscillator relative to a reference frequency, comprising:
a phase detector adapted to detect a phase error between a divided output of the
voltage controlled oscillator and the reference frequency; a charge pump adapted to pump a frequency control input of the voltage
controlled oscillator with the phase error; and
a gain controller adapted to adjust a pumping gain based upon a magnitude of
the frequency control input to the voltage controlled oscillator.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising an analog to digital converter
adapted to convert the magnitude of the frequency control input to the voltage
controlled oscillator to a digital value.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 further comprising a lookup table of pumping gain
values adapted to accept the converted frequency control input to the voltage
controlled oscillator and to recover a pumping gain control word.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising a set of switches adapted to
selectively activate and deactivate a set of pumping drive transistors based upon a
value of the pumping gain control word.
19. The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising a meter that together with the
gain controller is adapted to determine a transfer function for the voltage controlled
oscillator at a plurality of operating points.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/742,256 US6680653B2 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2000-12-20 | VCO tuning curve compensated charge pump current synthesizer |
| TW090124064A TW518829B (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2001-09-28 | VCO tuning curve compensated charge pump current synthesizer |
| PCT/US2002/011350 WO2003088484A1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-10 | Vco tuning curve compensated charge pump current synthesizer |
| AU2002256167A AU2002256167A1 (en) | 2002-04-10 | 2002-04-10 | Vco tuning curve compensated charge pump current synthesizer |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US67588900A | 2000-09-29 | 2000-09-29 | |
| US09/742,256 US6680653B2 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2000-12-20 | VCO tuning curve compensated charge pump current synthesizer |
| PCT/US2002/011350 WO2003088484A1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-10 | Vco tuning curve compensated charge pump current synthesizer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003088484A1 true WO2003088484A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
Family
ID=30773370
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2002/011350 WO2003088484A1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-10 | Vco tuning curve compensated charge pump current synthesizer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2003088484A1 (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5475326A (en) * | 1993-10-04 | 1995-12-12 | Nec Corporation | Phase synchronization circuit having a short pull-in time and a low jitter |
-
2002
- 2002-04-10 WO PCT/US2002/011350 patent/WO2003088484A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5475326A (en) * | 1993-10-04 | 1995-12-12 | Nec Corporation | Phase synchronization circuit having a short pull-in time and a low jitter |
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