WO2003082777A2 - Novel glucocorticoid receptor ligands - Google Patents

Novel glucocorticoid receptor ligands Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003082777A2
WO2003082777A2 PCT/EP2003/003362 EP0303362W WO03082777A2 WO 2003082777 A2 WO2003082777 A2 WO 2003082777A2 EP 0303362 W EP0303362 W EP 0303362W WO 03082777 A2 WO03082777 A2 WO 03082777A2
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Prior art keywords
phenyl
ethyl
phenylamino
amino
amide
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PCT/EP2003/003362
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French (fr)
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WO2003082777A3 (en
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Konrad Koehler
Ye Liu
Benjamin Pelcman
Rune Palm
Kjetil Holm
Siren Neset
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Karo Bio Ab
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Priority to AU2003226764A priority Critical patent/AU2003226764A1/en
Publication of WO2003082777A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003082777A2/en
Publication of WO2003082777A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003082777A3/en

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Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel compounds which are glucocorticoid receptor ligands with a dissociated profile of action (active in transrepression with little or no transactivation), to methods of preparing such compounds and to methods for using such compounds such as for treatment of inflammatory diseases and for diseases modulated by the glucocorticoid receptor such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, allergy, asthma, pneumonia, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, lupus, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, congenital neutropenia, Wegener's granulomatosis, Addison's Disease, Crohn's disease, Cushing Syndrome, or as immunosuppressants in organ transplantation.
  • glucocorticoid receptor such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, allergy, asthma, pneumonia, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, lupus, colitis
  • the glucocorticoid receptor is a ligand activated mammalian transcription factor involved in the up and down regulation of gene expression.
  • the natural hormone for the glucocorticoid receptor is cortisol.
  • Unactivated GR resides in the cytosol and is bound to heat shock proteins. Binding of cortisol to the GR activates the receptor by initiating a cascade of events starting with release of heat shock proteins, translocation of the receptor from the cytosol to the nucleus, dimerization of the receptor, and binding of the dimer to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE's) on DNA.
  • GRE's glucocorticoid response elements
  • the GR/DNA complex recruits other transcription factors responsible for the transcription of DNA downstream from the GRE into mRNA which is eventually translated into protein.
  • the direct up-regulation of gene expression caused by GR binding to DNA is known as transactivation.
  • GR may bind to other transcription factors, most notably activator protein- 1 (AP-1), and nuclear factor- ⁇ B (NF-icB) and thereby prevent these other transcription factors from binding to DNA and up-regulating gene expression.
  • AP-1 activator protein- 1
  • NF-icB nuclear factor- ⁇ B
  • the squelching by GR of other transcription factors is known as transrepresssion.
  • glucocorticoid receptor Since the expression of a large number of genes is directly (through GRE's) or indirectly (through AP-1 and NK- ⁇ B) regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor and since the glucocorticoid receptor is expressed in virtually every cell in the body, modulation of the glucocorticoid receptor through binding of either natural hormones or synthetic GR ligands can have profound effects on the physiology and pathophysiology of the organism.
  • Cortisol acting through the glucocorticoid receptor stimulates several processes that serve to increase and maintain normal concentrations of glucose in blood. These effects include stimulation of glucose production in the liver by enhancing the expression of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis and inhibition of glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue.
  • Glucocorticoids also have potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. As a consequence, glucocorticoids are widely used as drugs to treat inflammatory conditions such as arthritis or dermatitis, and as adjuvant therapy for conditions such as autoimmune diseases. However side effects such as mood swings, headaches, increased hair growth, thinning of the skin, acne, facial "mooning", hyperglycemia, obesity, hypertension, electrolytic imbalance, and bone density loss severely limit their chronic use.
  • glucocorticoids The mechanism of action of glucocorticoids' immunosuppressive properties is by transactivation of anti-inflammatory genes through GRE's and suppression of pro- inflammatory genes through transrepression of AP-1 and NF- ⁇ B (Barnes, P. J. Clin Sci 1998, 94, 557-572.). Most of the side effects of glucocorticoids are thought to be mediated by transactivation effects. It is known that certain glucocorticoids such as RU-24,858 (Vayssiere, B. M.; et al. Mol Endocrinol 1997, 11, 1245-1255.), ZK- 079,642 (Heck, S.; et al.
  • Ri is selected from hydrogen, aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from aryl and heteroaryl;
  • R 5 is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl;
  • R and R 6 are each independently selected from hydrogen and methyl
  • n, m, and q are integers, each independently selected from zero (0) and one (1);
  • Ri and R together with the nitrogen to which they are bound may optionally be part of a heteroaryl group, provided that Ri is not hydrogen;
  • the bond between and C is either a single or double bond
  • the present invention relates to compounds useful as glucocorticoid receptor modulators and which have the general formula I as described above.
  • R 3 is selected from aryl and heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, nitro, amino, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino and carboxymethyl.
  • R 5 is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, nitro, amino, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino and carboxymethyl.
  • compounds according to formula I being: N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-etl yl)-2-thiophen-2-yl-acetamide (El); N-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylaminoethyl) isobutyramide (E2); N-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylaminoethyl) thiophen-2-yl-acetamide (E3); 3 ,5-Dinitro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzamide (E4); N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-acetamide (E13); N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-isobutyramide (E14); Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (2-diphenylamine-2-phenyl-vinyl)-amide
  • Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-diphenylamino-2-(3- methanesulfonylamino-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide (E42); Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid ⁇ 2-[(4-bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2- phenyl-ethyl ⁇ -amide (E43);
  • X of Formula I may also be sulfonyl [-(SO 2 )-].
  • such compounds are the following:
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I, including compounds where X is sulfonyl, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier as well as a process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising combining such a compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a method of eliciting a glucocorticoid receptor modulating effect in a mammal in need thereof comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions described above.
  • the glucocorticoid receptor modulating effect may be an agonizing effect, a partial agonizing effect or an antagonizing effect.
  • trans-repressive effect without, or with only a minimal, transactivating effect (i.e., a dissociated glucocorticoid).
  • the said trans-repressive effect could be caused by trans-repression of AP-1 and/or ⁇ F-kb, without transactivation through glucocorticoid response elements.
  • Yet another embodiment of the invention is a method of treating or preventing inflammatory response in a mammal in need thereof by administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions described above.
  • Exemplifying the invention is a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising any one or more of the compounds described above together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and a process for preparing such a composition.
  • inflammatory diseases including, but not limited to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, allergy, asthma, pneumonia, dermatitis, eczema, lupus, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, congenital neutropenia, Wegener' s granulomatosis, Addison's diease, Crohn' s disease, Gushing syndrome, or as immunosuppressants in organ transplantation in a mammal in need thereof.
  • inflammatory diseases including, but not limited to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, allergy, asthma, pneumonia, dermatitis, eczema, lupus, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, congenital neutropenia, Wegener' s granulomatosis, Addison's diease, Crohn' s disease, Gushing syndrome, or as immunosuppressants in organ transplantation in a mammal in need thereof.
  • Still further exemplifying the invention is the use of any of the compounds described above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of, disorders related to glucocorticoid receptor functioning.
  • a disease regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor in a mammal in need thereof by administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds described above.
  • the diseases are inflammatory diseases, including, but not limited to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, allergy, asthma, pneumonia, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, lupus, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, congenital neutropenia, Wegener's granulomatosis, Addison's Disease, Crohn's disease and Gushing Syndrome.
  • any of the compounds described above can be used in combination with other agents useful for treating inflammatory or autoimmune conditions.
  • the individual components of such combinations can be administer separately at different times during the course of therapy or concurrently in divided or single combination forms.
  • the instant invention is therefore to be understood as embracing all such regimes of simultaneous or alternating treatment and the term "administering" is to be interpreted accordingly.
  • the scope of combinations of the compounds described above with other agents useful for treating inflammatory or autoimmune conditions includes in principle any combination with any pharmaceutical composition useful for treating disorders related to inflammatory or autoimmune functioning.
  • the compounds described above can be administered in such oral dosage forms as tablets, capsules (each of which includes sustained release or timed release formulations), pills, powder, granules, elixirs, tinctures, suspensions, syrups and emulsions. Likewise, they may also be administered in intravenous (bolus or infusion), intraperitoneal, topical (e.g. skin cream or ocular eyedrop), subcutaneous, intramuscular, or transdermal (e.g., patch) form, all using forms well known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts.
  • intravenous bolus or infusion
  • topical e.g. skin cream or ocular eyedrop
  • subcutaneous, intramuscular, or transdermal e.g., patch
  • the dosage regimen utilizing the compounds described above is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including type, species, age, weight, sex, and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition to be treated; the route of administration; the renal and hepatic function of the patient; and the particular compound or salt thereof employed.
  • An ordinarily skilled physician, veterinarian or clinician can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the drug required to prevent, counter or arrest the progress of the condition.
  • Oral dosages of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention when used for the indicated effects, will range between about 0.01 mg per kg of body weight per day (mg/kg/day) to about 100 mg/kg/day, preferably 0.01 mg per kg of body weight per day (mg/kg/day) to 10 mg/kg/day, and most preferably 0.1 to 5.0 mg/kg/day.
  • the compositions are preferably provided in the form of tablets containing 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100, and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated.
  • a medicament typically contains from about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg of the active ingredient, preferably from about 1 mg to about 100 mg of active ingredient.
  • the most preferred doses will range from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg/minute during a constant rate infusion.
  • pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in divided doses of two, three or four times daily.
  • preferred pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using those forms of transdermal skin patches known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittent throughout the dosage regimen.
  • the compounds specifically exemplified can form the active ingredient, and are typically administered in admixture with suitable pharmaceutical diluents, exipients or carriers (collectively referred to herein as "carrier” materials) suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, that is, oral tablets, capsules, elixirs, syrups and the like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.
  • carrier suitable pharmaceutical diluents, exipients or carriers
  • the active drug component can be combined with an oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable, inert carrier such as lactose, starch, sucrose, glucose, methyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, mannitol, sorbitol and the like; for oral administration in liquid form, the oral drug components can be combined with any oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier such as ethanol, glycerol, water, and the like. Moreover, when desired or necessary, suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents and coloring agents can also be incorporated into the mixture.
  • suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents and coloring agents can also be incorporated into the mixture.
  • Suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or beta-lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth or sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes and the like.
  • Lubricants used in these dosage forms include sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and the like.
  • Disintegrators include without limitation starch, methylcellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum and the like.
  • Liposome delivery systems such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles.
  • Liposomes can be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine (cephalin), or phosphatidylcholine (lecithin).
  • glucocorticoid receptor ligand as used herein is intended to cover any moiety which binds to a glucocorticoid receptor.
  • the ligand may act as an agonist, an antagonist, a partial agonist, partial antagonist, or as a dissociated glucocorticoid in which the ligand/receptor complex transrepresses other transcription factors such as AP-1 and NF- ⁇ b but does not up or down regulate gene regulated by glucocorticoid response elements.
  • the ligand may be either a partial agonist or a dissociated glucocorticoid.
  • aliphatic hydrocarbon(s) refers to acyclic straight or branched chain groups, which include alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl groups.
  • aromatic hydrocarbon(s) refers to groups including aryl groups as defined herein.
  • alkyl as employed herein alone or as part of another group includes both straight branched, and substituted chain hydrocarbons, containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the normal chain and preferably 1 to 6 carbons, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, 4,4-dimethylpentyl, octyl, 2,2,4-trimefhylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, and dodecyl.
  • the alkyl group may be optionally substituted through available carbon atoms with 1 or 2 groups; preferably halo, aryl, amino, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino, and carboxymethyl.
  • cycloalkyl as employed herein alone or as part of another group refers to 3- to 7-membered fully saturated mono cyclic ring system and include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl.
  • aryl as employed herein alone or as part of another group refers to monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic groups containing 6 to 10 ring carbon atoms, in which at least one ring is aromatic. Examples of such ring systems include, but are not restricted to, benzene, naphthalene, indane, indene and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene.
  • the aryl group may be optionally substituted through available carbon atoms with 1, 2, or 3 groups selected from, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyl, amino, alkylamino, arylalkylamino, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, alkynyl, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino, and carboxymethyl.
  • 1, 2, or 3 groups selected from, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyl, amino, alkylamino, arylalkylamino, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, alkynyl, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino, and carboxymethyl.
  • heteroaryl as employed herein alone or as part of another group refers to a mono-, bi- or tricyclic ring system having from 5 to 10 ring atoms, in which at least one ring is aromatic, and in which one or more of the ring atoms are otlier than carbon, such as nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen, and selenium.
  • heteroaryl rings include, but are not restricted to, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, imidazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, l,2,3triazole, l,2,4triazole, l,3,4triazole, 1,2,3- oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, l,3,4oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, l,3,4thiadiazole, tetrazole, pyridine, indole, isoindole, indoline, isoindoline, quinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, isoquinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, quinolizine, carbazole, acridine, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, chroman, isochromo
  • the ring system may be linked to the rest of the molecule via a carbon or nitrogen atom thereof and may be optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups selected from, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyl, amino, alkylamino, arylalkylamino, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, alkynyl, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino, and carboxymethyl.
  • 1, 2, or 3 groups selected from, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyl, amino, alkylamino, arylalkylamino, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, alkynyl, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino, and carboxymethyl.
  • alkenyl refers to straight or branched chain radicals of 2 to 12 carbons, preferably 2 to 6 carbons, in the normal chain, which include one to six double bonds in the normal chain, such as vinyl, 2-propenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 4-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 2- hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 2-heptenyl, 3-heptenyl, 4-heptenyl, 3-octenyl, 3-nonenyl, 4- decenyl, 3-undecenyl, 4-dodecenyl, and the like.
  • lower alkynyl or “alkynyl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to straight or branched chain radicals of 2 to 12 carbons, preferably 2 to 6 carbons, in the normal chain, which include one triple bond in the normal chain, such as 2-propynyl, 3-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 4-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 2-heptynyl, 3-heptynyl, 4-heptynyl, 3-octynyl, 3-nonynyl, 4- decynyl, 3-undecynyl, 4-dodecynyl and the like.
  • halogen or "halo” as used herein alone or as part of another group refers to chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and iodine as well as CF 3 .
  • acyl as employed herein alone or as part of another group refers to an acyl group derived from an acid such as an organic carboxylic acid, carbonic acid, carbamic acid, hydroxamic acid, the thio acid or imidic acid corresponding to each of the preceeding acids, or an organic sulfonic acid, each of which includes an aliphatic, and aromatic and/or a heterocyclic group in its molecule; carbamoyl or cabamimidoyl.
  • the compounds of formula I (including those in which X is sulfonyl) can be present as salts, in particular pharmaceutically acceptable salts. If these compounds have, for example, at least one basic center, they can form acid addition salts.
  • acetic acid such as saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, for example oxalic, malonic, succinic, maleic, fumaric, phthalic or terephthalic acid, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example ascorbic, glycolic, lactic, malic, tartaric or citric acid, such as amino acids, (for example aspartic or glutamic acid or lysine or arginine), or benzoic acid, or with organic sulfonic acids, such as (C j -C 4 )alkyl or arylsulfonic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, for example acetic acid, such as saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, for example oxalic, malonic, succinic, maleic, fumaric, phthalic or terephthalic acid, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example ascorbic, glycolic, lactic, malic, tartaric or cit
  • Corresponding acid addition salts can also be formed having, if desired, an additionally present basic center.
  • the compounds of formula I (including those where X is sulfonyl) having at least one acid group (for example COOH) can also form salts with bases.
  • Suitable salts with bases are, for example, metal salts, such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, or salts with ammonia or an organic amine, such as morpholine, thiomo ⁇ holine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono, di or trilower alkylamine, for example ethyl, tertbutyl, diethyl, diisopropyl, triethyl, tributyl or dimethyl-propylamine, or a mono, di or trihydroxy lower alkylamine, for example mono, di or triethanolamine.
  • Corresponding internal salts may furthermore be formed. Salts which are unsuitable for pharmaceutical
  • Preferred salts of the compounds of formula I include monohydrochloride, hydrogensulfate, tartrate, fumarate or maleate.
  • Preferred salts of these compounds which include an acid group include sodium, potassium and magnesium salts and pharmaceutically acceptable organic amines.
  • the compounds of or used in the invention may contain one or more chiral centers and therefore may exist as optical isomers.
  • the invention therefore comprises the optically inactive racemic (rac) mixtures (a one to one mixture of enantiomers), optically enriched scalemic mixtures as well as the optically pure individual enantiomers.
  • the compounds in the invention also may contain more than one chiral center and therefore may exist as diastereomers.
  • the invention therefore comprises individual diastereomers as well as mixtures of diastereomers in cases where the compound contains more than one stereo center.
  • the compounds in the invention also may contain acyclic alkenes or oximes and therefore exist as either the E (ent ought) or Z (zusammen) isomers.
  • the invention therefore comprises individual E or Z isomers as well as mixtures of E and Z isomers in cases where the compound contains an acylic alkene or oxime funtional group. Also included within the scope of the invention are polymorphs, hydrates, and solvates of the compounds of the instant invention.
  • the present invention includes within its scope prodrugs of the compounds of this invention.
  • prodrugs will be functional derivatives of the compounds of this invention which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound.
  • the term “administering” shall encompass the treatment of the various conditions described with the compound specifically disclosed or with a compound which may not be specifically disclosed, but which converts to the specified compound in vivo after administration to the patient.
  • Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example in "Design of Prodrugs” ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • Metabolites of the compounds include active species produced upon introduction of compounds of this invention into the biological milieu.
  • novel compounds of the present invention can be prepared according to the procedure of the following schemes and examples, using appropriate materials and are further exemplified by the following specific examples.
  • the compounds illustrated in the examples are not, however, to be construed as forming the only genus that is considered as the invention.
  • the following examples further illustrate details for the preparation of the compounds of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that known variation of the conditions and processes of the following preparative procedures can be used to prepare these compounds.
  • the compounds of the present invention are prepared according to the general methods outlined in Scheme 1 , and according to the methods described. All temperatures are degrees Celsius unless otherwise noted.
  • E13-17and E38 are unsaturated compounds according to compound 8, the other examples are numbered according to compound 10 in Schemel R! v and R VI are "H” in all examples
  • Example 1 N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-ethyl)-2-thiophen-2-yl- acetamide (El-).
  • Step I (2- ⁇ itro-l-phenylethyl)-diphenylamine.
  • diphenylamine (1.69 g, 10 mmol, 1 equiv.) in 20 mL anhydrous THF was added a solution of 6.25 mL of n-butyl lithium (1.6 M in hexane, 10 mmol, 1 equiv.) drop wise at -70°C.
  • the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and then cooled in an ice-bath.
  • Step II ljN ⁇ N ⁇ Triphenylethane-l ⁇ -diamine.
  • a mixture of LiAlH 4 100 mg. 2.6 mmol, 5.5 equiv.
  • a solution of (2-nitro-l-phenylethyl)- diphenylamine 150 mg, 0.47 mmol, 1.0 equiv.
  • the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and then heated at reflux for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the solution was diluted sequentially first with 0.1 mL of water followed by 0.1 mL of 3M aqueous ⁇ aOH and 0.1 mL of additional water.
  • Step III N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-ethyl)-2-thiophen-2-yl-acetamide
  • ⁇ N ⁇ N ⁇ triphenylethane-l ⁇ -diamine 45 mg, 0.16 mmol, 1.0 equiv.
  • triethylamine 25 mg, 1.2 equiv.
  • 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride 28 mg, 0.17 mmol, 1.1 equiv.
  • Step I (2- ⁇ itro-l-phenylethyl) phenylamine.
  • Step II l ⁇ -Diphenylethane-l ⁇ -diamine.
  • Step III N-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) isobutyramide (E2).
  • l ⁇ -diphenylethane-l ⁇ -diamine 90 mg, 0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.
  • 50 mg 0.49 mmol, 1.2 equiv.
  • isobutyryl chloride 45 mg
  • Example 6 N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl -benzenesulfonamide (E6 Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III using 50 mg 1JV 1 - diphenylethane-l,2-diamine and replacing isobutyryl chloride with benzene sulfonyl chloride (41 mg) to afford 8 mg of the desired product N- (2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide.
  • Step II 1, N 1 , N ⁇ -triphenyl-ethene-l ⁇ -diamine
  • Step III N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-acetamide Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III, replacing isobutyryl chloride with acetyl chloride (47 mg) and i,N 7 -diphenylefhane- 1,2-diamine with to afford 57 mg of the desired product N-(2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)- acetamide.
  • Example 14 N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-isobutyramide (E14) Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III, using isobutyryl chloride (49 mg) and replacing l,N 7 -diphenylethane- 1,2-diamine with JN 7 ,N 7 -triphenyl-ethene- 1,2-diamine (111 mg) to afford 74 mg of the desired product N-(2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-isobutyramide.
  • Example 17 N- 2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-benzamide (E17) Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III, replacing isobutyryl chloride with benzoyl chloride (84 mg) and 1,N 7 - diphenylethane- 1,2-diamine with JN 7 ,N 7 -triphenyl-ethene- 1,2-diamine (142 mg) to afford 51 mg of the desired product N-(2-diphenylamino-2- phenyl-vinyl)-benzamide.
  • Example 18 N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenylVacetamide (E18) A mixture of N-(2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-acetamide (E13, 52 mg) and 10% Pd/C (5 mg) was hydrogenated at 5.5-6 bar at room temperature for 24 hrs. The reaction mixture was filtrated to remove the catalyst and purified by PHPLC to afford 11 mg of the desired product N- (2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl)-acetamide.
  • Example 19 N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl ' )-isobutyramide (E19) Prepared according the procedure in Example 18,_using N-(2- diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-isobutyramide (E14, 70 mg) and 4 mg of 10% Pd/C to afford 21 mg of the desired product N-(2-diphenylamino-2- phenyl)-isobutyramide .
  • Example 25 N-((2-phenylV2-phenylamino-ethylVbenzamide (E25 Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with 2-phenylacetyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford 115 mg (83%) of the desired product N-((2-phenyl)-2-phenylamino- ethyl)-benzamide.
  • Example 26 N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl acetamide (E26 Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with acetyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford 93 mg (87%>) of the desired product N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino- ethyl)acetamide.
  • Example 31 Hexanoic acid (2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl ' ) amide (E31 Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with hexanoyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford 84 mg (65%) of the desired product hexanoic acid (2-phenyl-2- phenylamino-ethyl) amide.
  • Example 39 Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid ⁇ 2- (3-methanesulfonylamino-phenyl - phenyl-aminol -2-phenyl-ethyl > -amide (E39 .
  • Step I Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid ⁇ 2-[(3-amino-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl- ethyl ⁇ -amide.
  • Example 42, step I Prepared according to the procedure in Example 42, step I, with the exception that the substrate (0.4842 g) was added as a solution in dry 1,4-dioxane (9.0 ml). A large excess of fresh LiHMDS was used (4 large spatula spoons added, amount not measured). Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution; hexane -> 20 % EtOAc in hexane).
  • Step II Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid ⁇ 2-[(3-methanesulfonylamino-pheny ⁇ )-phenyl ⁇ amino]-2-phenyl-ethyl ⁇ -amide (E39).
  • Example 40 Acetic acid 4-[2-(cvclopentanecarbonyl-amino)-l-diphenylamino-ethyll- phenyl ester (E40 .
  • Step I Diphenylamino-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetonitrile.
  • Step II [4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-phenyi] -diphenylamino-acetonitrile.
  • reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 19 hrs when an additional amount of triethylamine (0.09 ml, 0.64 mmol, 0.5 equiv.) and tert- butyldimethylchlorosilane (0.099 g, 0.64 mmol, 0.5 equiv.) were added. After stirring for an additional 26 hrs the mixture was diluted with CH 2 C1 and washed with water, sat. NH 4 C1 (x 2), brine, dried (MgSO ), filtered and concentrated.
  • Step III l-[4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-phenyl]-N 1 ,N 1 -diphenyl-ethane-l,2- diamine.
  • reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then quenched by addition of of a solution of THF/H 2 O (1:1,1.2 ml) followed by a solution of NaOH (0.36 g) in water (3.6 ml).
  • the orange suspension was filtered and the solid washed with diethyl ether.
  • the organic filtrate was washed with brine, dried (K 2 COs), filtered and concentrated.
  • Step IN Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid ⁇ 2-[4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-phenyl]- 2-diphenylamino-ethyl ⁇ -amide.
  • Step V Acetic acid 4- [2-(cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)-l-diphenylamino-ethyl] -phenyl ester (E40).
  • Tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate (0.167 g, 0.529 mmol, 1.08 equiv.) was placed in a Schlenk flask and dried under high vaccum at 40 - 45°C for 1 Vz hrs and dissolved by addition of dry THF (8 ml).
  • Step I (3-Bromo-phenyl)-diphenylamino-acetonitrile.
  • Step III Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-(3-bromo-phenyl)-2-diphenylamino-ethyl]- amide (E41).
  • Example 42 Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid r2-diphenylamino-2-(3- methanesulfonylamino-phenvD-ethyll -amide (E42 .
  • Step I Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-(3-amino-phenyl)-2-diphenylamino-ethyl]- amide.
  • Step II Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-diphenylamino-2-(3-methanesulfonylamino- phenyl)-ethyl] -amide (E42).
  • Step I (4-Bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amine.
  • Step II [(4-Bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-phenyl-acetonitrile.
  • Step III N 7 -(4-Bromo-phenyl)-l,N 7 -diphenyl-ethane- 1,2-diamine.
  • step HI using LiAlH (1.9 equiv.) and H 2 SO 4 (0.96 equiv.). After quenching and filtration, the solid was washed with ethyl acetate and the water phase from the filtration was extracted with ethyl acetate. The residue was purified by dry-flash on silica gel (gradient elution; CH2C ;, CH 2 C1 2 — > 10 % MeOH).
  • Step IN Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid ⁇ 2-[(4-bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl- ethyl ⁇ -amide (E43).
  • Part i A solution of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.0072 g, 0.0079 mmol, 0.02 equiv.) and 2-(di-t-butylphospino)biphenyl (0.0058 g, 0.019 mmol, 0.055 equiv.) in dry 1,4-dioxane (4.0 ml) was heated at 100°C for 1 l A min under N 2 .
  • N 7 -(4-bromo-phenyl)-l,N 7 -diphenyl-ethane- 1,2-diamine (0.1634 g, 0.353 mmol)
  • Cs 2 CO 3 (1.1182 g, 3.43 mmol, 9.7 equiv.)
  • malonic acid dimethyl ester (0.20 ml, 1.75 mmol, 4.96 equiv.)
  • dry 1,4-dioxane (3.0 ml) were added.
  • the stirred reaction mixture was heated at 100°C overnight, cooled to room temperature, diluted with CH 2 C1 2 and washed with water (x 2), brine, dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and concentrated. Purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution; CH 2 C1 2 ⁇ 5 % EtOAc in CH 2 C1 2 ) gave 0.130 g (72 %) of dimethyl ester.
  • Part III A suspension of the diacid from part II (0.0963 g, 0.198 mmol) and Cu 2 O (0.0027 g, 0.019 mmol, 0.1 equiv.) in dry CH 3 C ⁇ (2.0 ml) was heated to 60°C under N . After 1 VA hr the temperature was lowered to 50°C and left at this temperature overnight. The solvent was removed, water and CH 2 C1 2 were added, the phases separated and the water phase acidified by HCl (1.0 M) followed by extraction with CH 2 C1 2 (x 2). The combined organic phase was dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and concentrated.
  • Example 45 Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid ⁇ 2-[(4-amino-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2- phenyl-ethyl ⁇ -amide (E4S) .
  • Example 46 Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid ⁇ 2-r(4-methanesulfonylamino-phenvD- phenyl-aminol -2-phenyl-ethyl ⁇ -amide (E46) .
  • Example 47 3 - ⁇ f 2-(Cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)- 1 -phenyl-ethyl] -phenyl-amino I - phenvD-acetic acid (EAT).
  • Step I (3-Bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amine.
  • Step II [(3-Bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-phenyl-acetonitrile.
  • Example 40 Prepared according to the procedure in Example 40, step I with the exception that the reaction was stirred for 3 days at 40°C in the presence of molecular sieves (3A, 2.7 g) and that sat. NaHCO 3 was used instead of water in the workup.
  • the product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (hexane, 20 % CH 2 C1 2 in hexane and 50 % CH 2 C1 2 in hexane).
  • Step III N 7 -(3-Bromo-phenyl)-l,N -diphenyl-ethane-l,2-diamine.
  • Step IV Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid ⁇ 2-[(3-bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl- ethyl ⁇ -amide.
  • N ⁇ -Bromo-phenyi ijN ⁇ diphenyl-ethane- 1, 2-diamine (0.2820 g, 0.768 mmol) afforded 0.262 g (74 %) of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid ⁇ 2-[(3-bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl-ethyl ⁇ -amide as a white solid.
  • Step N (3 - ⁇ [2-(Cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)- 1 -phenyl-ethyl] -phenyl-amino ⁇ -phenyl)- acetic acid (E47).
  • Part I Prepared according to the procedure in Example 44, part I, with the exception that 0.01 equiv. tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and 0.024 equiv. 2-(di-t- butylphospino)biphenyl were used.
  • Part III A suspension of the crude product from part II (0.085 g, 0.17 mmol) and CU2O (0.0044 g, 0.031 mmol, 0.18 equiv.) in dry CH3CN (2.0 ml) was heated at 60°C overnight under N 2 . After cooling to room temperature the mixture was concentrated. The residue was added 3.0 M HCl (10 ml) and water(10 ml). The water phase was extracted with CH 2 C1 2 , the organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and concentrated. Purification by column cl ⁇ omatography on silica gel using 2 % MeOH in CH 2 C1 2 as eluent.
  • the scintistrip assay differs from a traditional hormone-binding assay by not requiring the removal of free tracer prior to the measurement of receptor bound tracer.
  • the scintillating agent is in the polystyrene forming the incubation vial and thus a radioactive molecule in the close proximity to the surface will induce scintillation of the plastic.
  • the hGR coding sequences were cloned into a baculovirus transfer vector by standard techniques.
  • the recombinant baculoviruses expressing hGR were amplified and used to infect SF9 cells. Infected cells were harvested 48 hr post infection. A nuclear fraction was obtained as described in Barkhem et al. 1991 (J Steroid Biochem. Molec Biol. 38, 667-75) and the nuclei were extracted with a high-salt buffer (17 mM K 2 HPO 4 , 3 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 1 mM MgCl 2 , 0.5 mM EDTA, 6 mM MTG, 400 mM KCl, 8.7% Glycerol).
  • the concentration of hGR's in the extract was measured as specific 3 [H]-dexamethasone binding with the 025-assay 3 and was determined to contain 400 pmols specific bound 3 [H]- dexamethasone/mL nuclear extract in the case of hGR-alpha and 1000 pmols/mL nuclear for hGR-beta.
  • the total concentration of proteins (as determined with Bradford Reagent, Bio-Rad according to instructions from manufacturer) in the nuclear extracts were « 2 mg/mL.
  • the scintistrip assay 1 The nuclear extracts were diluted (50 fold for hGR-alpha and 110 fold for hGR-beta) in a coating buffer (17 mM K 2 HPO 4 , 3 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 40 mM KCl, 6 mM MTG). The diluted extracts were added to Scintistrip wells (200 ⁇ L/well) and incubated 18-20 h. The estimated final concentration of immobilized hGR in all experiments was ⁇ l nM. All incubations were performed in a solution of 17 mM K 2 HPO 4 , 3 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 140 mM KCl, and 6 mM MTG (buffer A). The wells were washed twice after hGR coating with 250 ⁇ L buffer prior to addition of the incubation solution. All steps were carried out at room temperature (22-25 °C).
  • the equilibrium binding constants were calculated to 0.15 - 0.2 nM for both hGR subtypes.
  • regular scintillation counting in a Wallac Rackbeta 1214 was performed using the scintillation cocktail SupermixTM (Wallac).
  • the Microbeta-instrument generates the mean cpm (counts per minute) value / minute and corrects for individual variations between the detectors, thus generating corrected cpm values. It was found that the counting efficiency between detectors differed with less than five percent.
  • the compounds of Examples 1-32 exhibit binding affinities to the glucocorticoid receptor in the range of IC 50 5 to 10,000 nM.

Abstract

The present invention relates to compounds and derivatives thereof, their synthesis, and their use as glucocorticoid receptor modulators. The compounds of the instant invention are ligands for glucocorticoid receptors and as such may be useful for treatment or prevention of a variety of conditions related to glucocorticoid functioning including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, allery, asthma, pneumonia, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, lupus, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, congenital neutropenia, Wegener's granulomatosis, Addison's Disease, Crohn's disease Cushing Syndrome, or as immunosuppressants in organ transplantation.

Description

Novel Compounds
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to novel compounds which are glucocorticoid receptor ligands with a dissociated profile of action (active in transrepression with little or no transactivation), to methods of preparing such compounds and to methods for using such compounds such as for treatment of inflammatory diseases and for diseases modulated by the glucocorticoid receptor such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, allergy, asthma, pneumonia, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, lupus, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, congenital neutropenia, Wegener's granulomatosis, Addison's Disease, Crohn's disease, Cushing Syndrome, or as immunosuppressants in organ transplantation.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ligand activated mammalian transcription factor involved in the up and down regulation of gene expression. The natural hormone for the glucocorticoid receptor is cortisol. Unactivated GR resides in the cytosol and is bound to heat shock proteins. Binding of cortisol to the GR activates the receptor by initiating a cascade of events starting with release of heat shock proteins, translocation of the receptor from the cytosol to the nucleus, dimerization of the receptor, and binding of the dimer to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE's) on DNA. The GR/DNA complex recruits other transcription factors responsible for the transcription of DNA downstream from the GRE into mRNA which is eventually translated into protein. The direct up-regulation of gene expression caused by GR binding to DNA is known as transactivation. Alternatively GR may bind to other transcription factors, most notably activator protein- 1 (AP-1), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-icB) and thereby prevent these other transcription factors from binding to DNA and up-regulating gene expression. The squelching by GR of other transcription factors is known as transrepresssion. Since the expression of a large number of genes is directly (through GRE's) or indirectly (through AP-1 and NK-κB) regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor and since the glucocorticoid receptor is expressed in virtually every cell in the body, modulation of the glucocorticoid receptor through binding of either natural hormones or synthetic GR ligands can have profound effects on the physiology and pathophysiology of the organism.
Cortisol acting through the glucocorticoid receptor stimulates several processes that serve to increase and maintain normal concentrations of glucose in blood. These effects include stimulation of glucose production in the liver by enhancing the expression of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis and inhibition of glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue.
Glucocorticoids also have potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. As a consequence, glucocorticoids are widely used as drugs to treat inflammatory conditions such as arthritis or dermatitis, and as adjuvant therapy for conditions such as autoimmune diseases. However side effects such as mood swings, headaches, increased hair growth, thinning of the skin, acne, facial "mooning", hyperglycemia, obesity, hypertension, electrolytic imbalance, and bone density loss severely limit their chronic use.
The mechanism of action of glucocorticoids' immunosuppressive properties is by transactivation of anti-inflammatory genes through GRE's and suppression of pro- inflammatory genes through transrepression of AP-1 and NF-κB (Barnes, P. J. Clin Sci 1998, 94, 557-572.). Most of the side effects of glucocorticoids are thought to be mediated by transactivation effects. It is known that certain glucocorticoids such as RU-24,858 (Vayssiere, B. M.; et al. Mol Endocrinol 1997, 11, 1245-1255.), ZK- 079,642 (Heck, S.; et al. Embo J 1997, 16, 4698-4707), and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Bamberger, C. M.; et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999, 84, 4055-4061) in vitro have strong transrepression with minimal transactivation effects. Hence such "dissociated" glucocorticoids hold the promise of greatly reduced side effects while preserving the beneficial immunosuppressive properties. However when evaluated in vivo, RU-24,858 showed transactivation effects with similar potency to standard glucocorticoids (Belvisi, M. G.; et al. J Immunol 2001, 166, 1975-1982.).
It would be clearly beneficial to have compounds that show a stronger separation between the beneficial immunosuppressive effects of transrepression and the negative side effects associated with transactivation.
Related compounds to those in the present invention are disclosed in WO 99/33786.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, compounds are provided which are glucocorticoid receptor ligands and have the general formula I:
Figure imgf000004_0001
wherein,
Ri is selected from hydrogen, aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl;
R2 and R3 are each independently selected from aryl and heteroaryl; R5 is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl;
R and R6 are each independently selected from hydrogen and methyl;
X is selected from [-(C=O)-], [-(C=O)-NH-], and [-(C=O)-O-];
n, m, and q are integers, each independently selected from zero (0) and one (1);
Ri and R , together with the nitrogen to which they are bound may optionally be part of a heteroaryl group, provided that Ri is not hydrogen;
the bond between and C is either a single or double bond;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and isomers thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to compounds useful as glucocorticoid receptor modulators and which have the general formula I as described above.
In one embodiment of the present invention, there are provided compounds according to formula I wherein R4 and R6 are hydrogen.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there are provided compounds according to formula I wherein m=l (one).
In another embodiment of the present invention, there are provided compounds according to formula I wherein R2 is aryl and q=0 (zero).
In another embodiment of the present invention, there are provided compounds according to formula I wherein Ri is selected from aryl and heteroaryl. hi another embodiment of the present invention, there are provided compounds according to formula I wherein Rb and R2 are independently selected from aryl and heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, nitro, amino, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino and carboxymethyl.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there are provided compounds according to formula I wherein R3 is selected from aryl and heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, nitro, amino, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino and carboxymethyl.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there are provided compounds according to formula I wherein R5 is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, nitro, amino, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino and carboxymethyl.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there are provided compounds according to formula I wherein X is carbonyl [-(C=O)].
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there are provided compounds according to formula I said compounds being: N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-etl yl)-2-thiophen-2-yl-acetamide (El); N-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylaminoethyl) isobutyramide (E2); N-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylaminoethyl) thiophen-2-yl-acetamide (E3); 3 ,5-Dinitro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzamide (E4); N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-acetamide (E13); N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-isobutyramide (E14); Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (2-diphenylamine-2-phenyl-vinyl)-amide (E15); Furan-2-carboxylic acid (2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-amide (E16);
N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-benzamide (E17);
N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl)-acetamide (E18);
N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl)-isobutyramide (E19);
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl-ethyl)-amide
(E20);
Furan-2-carboxylic acid (2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl)-amide (E21);
2-Cyclopentyl-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-acetamide (E22);
Furan-2-carboxylic acid (2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-amide (E23);
2-Chloro-2-phenyl-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) acetamide (E24);
N-((2-phenyl)-2-phenylamino-ethyl) benzamide (E25);
N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) acetamide (E26);
2-Chloro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) acetamide (E27);
2,2-Dichloro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) acetamide (E28);
N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) propionamide (E29);
3-Chloro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) propionamide (E30);
Hexanoic acid (2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) amide (E31);
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-amide
(E33);
N-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzamide (E34);
(2-{[(2-Benzoylamino-l-phenyl-ethyl)-phenyl-amino]-methyl}-furan-3- carboxylic acid (E37);
N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-2-thiophen-2-yl-acetamide (E38);
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(3-methanesulfonylamino-phenyl)- phenyl-amino] -2-phenyl-ethyl} -amide (E39);
Acetic acid 4-[2-(cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)- 1 -diphenylamino-ethyl]- phenyl ester (E40);
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-(3-bromo-phenyl)-2-diphenylamino- ethyl]-amide (E41);
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-diphenylamino-2-(3- methanesulfonylamino-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide (E42); Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(4-bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2- phenyl-ethyl} -amide (E43);
(4- { [2-(Cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)- 1 -phenyl -ethyl] -phenyl-amino } - phenyl)-acetic acid (E44);
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2- [(4-amino-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2- phenyl-ethyl} -amide (E45);
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(4-methanesulfonylamino-phenyl)- phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl-ethyl}-amide (E46);
3 - { [2-(Cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)- 1 -phenyl-ethyl] -phenyl-amino } - phenyl)-acetic acid (E47).
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and isomers thereof.
In another embodiment of the present invention there is provided the use of the above compounds in medical therapy.
In one aspect of this embodiment there is provided the use of the compounds in medical therapy, wherein X of Formula I may also be sulfonyl [-(SO2)-]. In a preferred aspect such compounds are the following:
4-Methyl-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide (E5); N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide (E6); 4-Fluoro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide (E7); 2-Methyl-5-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl)-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (E8);
3-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (E9);
2,5-Dimethyl-4-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl)-furan-3- carboxylic acid methyl ester (E10); l,2-Dimethyl-lH-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (2-phenyl-2-phenylamino- ethyl)-amide (Ell); 3-Cyano-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-etl yl)-benzenesulfonamide (E12);
N-[2-(Ethyl-phenylamino)-2-phenyl-ethyl]-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide
(E32);
N-[2-(Benzyl-phenyl-amino-)-2-phenyl-ethyl]-4-methyl- benzenesulfonamide (E35);
4-({Phenyl-[l.phenyl-2-(toluene-4-sulfonylamino)-ethyl]-amino}-methyl)- benzoic acid (E36);
In another embodiment of the invention there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I, including compounds where X is sulfonyl, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier as well as a process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising combining such a compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
In another embodiment of the invention there is provided a method of eliciting a glucocorticoid receptor modulating effect in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions described above.
The glucocorticoid receptor modulating effect may be an agonizing effect, a partial agonizing effect or an antagonizing effect.
It may also be a trans-repressive effect without, or with only a minimal, transactivating effect (i.e., a dissociated glucocorticoid). The said trans-repressive effect could be caused by trans-repression of AP-1 and/or ΝF-kb, without transactivation through glucocorticoid response elements.
Yet another embodiment of the invention is a method of treating or preventing inflammatory response in a mammal in need thereof by administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions described above.
Exemplifying the invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising any one or more of the compounds described above together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and a process for preparing such a composition..
Further exemplifying the invention is the use of any of the compounds described above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of inflammatory diseases, including, but not limited to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, allergy, asthma, pneumonia, dermatitis, eczema, lupus, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, congenital neutropenia, Wegener' s granulomatosis, Addison's diease, Crohn' s disease, Gushing syndrome, or as immunosuppressants in organ transplantation in a mammal in need thereof.
Still further exemplifying the invention is the use of any of the compounds described above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of, disorders related to glucocorticoid receptor functioning.
Further exemplifying the invention is a method of treating or preventing a disease regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor in a mammal in need thereof by administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds described above. The diseases are inflammatory diseases, including, but not limited to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, allergy, asthma, pneumonia, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, lupus, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, congenital neutropenia, Wegener's granulomatosis, Addison's Disease, Crohn's disease and Gushing Syndrome.
Any of the compounds described above can be used in combination with other agents useful for treating inflammatory or autoimmune conditions. The individual components of such combinations can be administer separately at different times during the course of therapy or concurrently in divided or single combination forms. The instant invention is therefore to be understood as embracing all such regimes of simultaneous or alternating treatment and the term "administering" is to be interpreted accordingly. It will be understood that the scope of combinations of the compounds described above with other agents useful for treating inflammatory or autoimmune conditions includes in principle any combination with any pharmaceutical composition useful for treating disorders related to inflammatory or autoimmune functioning.
The compounds described above can be administered in such oral dosage forms as tablets, capsules (each of which includes sustained release or timed release formulations), pills, powder, granules, elixirs, tinctures, suspensions, syrups and emulsions. Likewise, they may also be administered in intravenous (bolus or infusion), intraperitoneal, topical (e.g. skin cream or ocular eyedrop), subcutaneous, intramuscular, or transdermal (e.g., patch) form, all using forms well known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts.
The dosage regimen utilizing the compounds described above is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including type, species, age, weight, sex, and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition to be treated; the route of administration; the renal and hepatic function of the patient; and the particular compound or salt thereof employed. An ordinarily skilled physician, veterinarian or clinician can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the drug required to prevent, counter or arrest the progress of the condition.
Oral dosages of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, when used for the indicated effects, will range between about 0.01 mg per kg of body weight per day (mg/kg/day) to about 100 mg/kg/day, preferably 0.01 mg per kg of body weight per day (mg/kg/day) to 10 mg/kg/day, and most preferably 0.1 to 5.0 mg/kg/day. For oral administration, the compositions are preferably provided in the form of tablets containing 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100, and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated. A medicament typically contains from about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg of the active ingredient, preferably from about 1 mg to about 100 mg of active ingredient. Intravenously, the most preferred doses will range from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg/minute during a constant rate infusion. Advantageously, pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in divided doses of two, three or four times daily. Furthermore, preferred pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using those forms of transdermal skin patches known to those of ordinary skill in the art. To be administered in the form of a transdermal delivery system, the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittent throughout the dosage regimen.
In the methods of the present invention, the compounds specifically exemplified can form the active ingredient, and are typically administered in admixture with suitable pharmaceutical diluents, exipients or carriers (collectively referred to herein as "carrier" materials) suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, that is, oral tablets, capsules, elixirs, syrups and the like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.
For instance, for oral administration in the form of a tablet or capsule, the active drug component can be combined with an oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable, inert carrier such as lactose, starch, sucrose, glucose, methyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, mannitol, sorbitol and the like; for oral administration in liquid form, the oral drug components can be combined with any oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier such as ethanol, glycerol, water, and the like. Moreover, when desired or necessary, suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents and coloring agents can also be incorporated into the mixture. Suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or beta-lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth or sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes and the like. Lubricants used in these dosage forms include sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and the like. Disintegrators include without limitation starch, methylcellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum and the like.
The compounds described above can also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes can be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine (cephalin), or phosphatidylcholine (lecithin).
The following definitions apply to the terms as used throughout this specification, unless otherwise limited in specific instances.
The term "glucocorticoid receptor ligand" as used herein is intended to cover any moiety which binds to a glucocorticoid receptor. The ligand may act as an agonist, an antagonist, a partial agonist, partial antagonist, or as a dissociated glucocorticoid in which the ligand/receptor complex transrepresses other transcription factors such as AP-1 and NF-κb but does not up or down regulate gene regulated by glucocorticoid response elements. The ligand may be either a partial agonist or a dissociated glucocorticoid.
The term "aliphatic hydrocarbon(s)" as used herein refers to acyclic straight or branched chain groups, which include alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl groups.
The term "aromatic hydrocarbon(s)" as used herein refers to groups including aryl groups as defined herein.
Unless otherwise indicated, the term "alkyl" as employed herein alone or as part of another group includes both straight branched, and substituted chain hydrocarbons, containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the normal chain and preferably 1 to 6 carbons, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, 4,4-dimethylpentyl, octyl, 2,2,4-trimefhylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, and dodecyl. The alkyl group may be optionally substituted through available carbon atoms with 1 or 2 groups; preferably halo, aryl, amino, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino, and carboxymethyl.
The term "cycloalkyl" as employed herein alone or as part of another group refers to 3- to 7-membered fully saturated mono cyclic ring system and include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl.
The term "aryl" as employed herein alone or as part of another group refers to monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic groups containing 6 to 10 ring carbon atoms, in which at least one ring is aromatic. Examples of such ring systems include, but are not restricted to, benzene, naphthalene, indane, indene and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene. The aryl group may be optionally substituted through available carbon atoms with 1, 2, or 3 groups selected from, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyl, amino, alkylamino, arylalkylamino, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, alkynyl, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino, and carboxymethyl.
The term "heteroaryl" as employed herein alone or as part of another group refers to a mono-, bi- or tricyclic ring system having from 5 to 10 ring atoms, in which at least one ring is aromatic, and in which one or more of the ring atoms are otlier than carbon, such as nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen, and selenium. Examples of such heteroaryl rings include, but are not restricted to, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, imidazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, l,2,3triazole, l,2,4triazole, l,3,4triazole, 1,2,3- oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, l,3,4oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, l,3,4thiadiazole, tetrazole, pyridine, indole, isoindole, indoline, isoindoline, quinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, isoquinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, quinolizine, carbazole, acridine, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, chroman, isochroman, benzothiophene, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, indazole, benzimidazole, cinnoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, phthalazine, 1,5-naphthyridine, 1,8-naphthyridine, phenazine, benzoxazole, 3,4-dihydro-2H-l,4-benzoxazine, benzothiazole, phenothiazine, 1,3- benzodioxole, benzodioxane, 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole, 2,l,3benzothiazole, 2,1,3- benzoselenadiazole, purine, and pteridine. The ring system may be linked to the rest of the molecule via a carbon or nitrogen atom thereof and may be optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups selected from, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyl, amino, alkylamino, arylalkylamino, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, alkynyl, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino, and carboxymethyl.
Unless otherwise indicated, the term "alkenyl" as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to straight or branched chain radicals of 2 to 12 carbons, preferably 2 to 6 carbons, in the normal chain, which include one to six double bonds in the normal chain, such as vinyl, 2-propenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 4-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 2- hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 2-heptenyl, 3-heptenyl, 4-heptenyl, 3-octenyl, 3-nonenyl, 4- decenyl, 3-undecenyl, 4-dodecenyl, and the like.
Unless otherwise indicated, the term "lower alkynyl" or "alkynyl" as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to straight or branched chain radicals of 2 to 12 carbons, preferably 2 to 6 carbons, in the normal chain, which include one triple bond in the normal chain, such as 2-propynyl, 3-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 4-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 2-heptynyl, 3-heptynyl, 4-heptynyl, 3-octynyl, 3-nonynyl, 4- decynyl, 3-undecynyl, 4-dodecynyl and the like.
The term "halogen" or "halo" as used herein alone or as part of another group refers to chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and iodine as well as CF3.
The term "acyl" as employed herein alone or as part of another group refers to an acyl group derived from an acid such as an organic carboxylic acid, carbonic acid, carbamic acid, hydroxamic acid, the thio acid or imidic acid corresponding to each of the preceeding acids, or an organic sulfonic acid, each of which includes an aliphatic, and aromatic and/or a heterocyclic group in its molecule; carbamoyl or cabamimidoyl. The compounds of formula I (including those in which X is sulfonyl) can be present as salts, in particular pharmaceutically acceptable salts. If these compounds have, for example, at least one basic center, they can form acid addition salts. These are formed, for example, with strong inorganic acids, such as mineral acids, for example sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or a hydrohalic acid, with strong organic carboxylic acids, such as alkanecarboxylic acids of 1 to 4 carbon atoms which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example, by halogen, for example acetic acid, such as saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, for example oxalic, malonic, succinic, maleic, fumaric, phthalic or terephthalic acid, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example ascorbic, glycolic, lactic, malic, tartaric or citric acid, such as amino acids, (for example aspartic or glutamic acid or lysine or arginine), or benzoic acid, or with organic sulfonic acids, such as (Cj-C4)alkyl or arylsulfonic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, for example methane- or ptoluene-sulfonic acid. Corresponding acid addition salts can also be formed having, if desired, an additionally present basic center. The compounds of formula I (including those where X is sulfonyl) having at least one acid group (for example COOH) can also form salts with bases. Suitable salts with bases are, for example, metal salts, such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, or salts with ammonia or an organic amine, such as morpholine, thiomoφholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono, di or trilower alkylamine, for example ethyl, tertbutyl, diethyl, diisopropyl, triethyl, tributyl or dimethyl-propylamine, or a mono, di or trihydroxy lower alkylamine, for example mono, di or triethanolamine. Corresponding internal salts may furthermore be formed. Salts which are unsuitable for pharmaceutical uses but which can be employed, for example, for the isolation or purification of free compounds I or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are also included.
Preferred salts of the compounds of formula I (including those where X is sulfonyl) which include a basic group include monohydrochloride, hydrogensulfate, tartrate, fumarate or maleate. Preferred salts of these compounds which include an acid group include sodium, potassium and magnesium salts and pharmaceutically acceptable organic amines.
The compounds of or used in the invention may contain one or more chiral centers and therefore may exist as optical isomers. The invention therefore comprises the optically inactive racemic (rac) mixtures (a one to one mixture of enantiomers), optically enriched scalemic mixtures as well as the optically pure individual enantiomers. The compounds in the invention also may contain more than one chiral center and therefore may exist as diastereomers. The invention therefore comprises individual diastereomers as well as mixtures of diastereomers in cases where the compound contains more than one stereo center. The compounds in the invention also may contain acyclic alkenes or oximes and therefore exist as either the E (entgegen) or Z (zusammen) isomers. The invention therefore comprises individual E or Z isomers as well as mixtures of E and Z isomers in cases where the compound contains an acylic alkene or oxime funtional group. Also included within the scope of the invention are polymorphs, hydrates, and solvates of the compounds of the instant invention.
The present invention includes within its scope prodrugs of the compounds of this invention. In general, such prodrugs will be functional derivatives of the compounds of this invention which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound. Thus, in the methods of treatment of the present invention, the term "administering" shall encompass the treatment of the various conditions described with the compound specifically disclosed or with a compound which may not be specifically disclosed, but which converts to the specified compound in vivo after administration to the patient. Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example in "Design of Prodrugs" ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Metabolites of the compounds include active species produced upon introduction of compounds of this invention into the biological milieu. The novel compounds of the present invention can be prepared according to the procedure of the following schemes and examples, using appropriate materials and are further exemplified by the following specific examples. The compounds illustrated in the examples are not, however, to be construed as forming the only genus that is considered as the invention. The following examples further illustrate details for the preparation of the compounds of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that known variation of the conditions and processes of the following preparative procedures can be used to prepare these compounds. The compounds of the present invention are prepared according to the general methods outlined in Scheme 1 , and according to the methods described. All temperatures are degrees Celsius unless otherwise noted. The following abbreviations, reagents, expressions or equipment, which are amongst those used in the descriptions below, are explained as follows: 20-25°C (room temperature, r.t), molar equivalent (equiv.), dimethyl formamide, (DMF) dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), tetrahydrofuran (THF), lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), methyl /-butyl ether (MTBE), rotating glass sheet coated with a silica gel-gypsum mixture used for chromatographic purification (chromatotron), preparative liquid chromatography with a C8 stationary phase and ammonium acetate acetonitrile-water buffer as mobile phase (PHPLC), solid phase extraction (SPE), electrospray mass spectroscopy (ES/MS).
A general route for the construction of the compounds of formula I, is shown in Scheme 1, Route A. This methodology is based on the chemistry described by Worrall, J Am. Chem. Soc; 1927, 49: 1603. In step I, amine 1 undergoes a conjugate addition to 2-aryl-nitroethylene 2, to give 3. Compound 3 is then reduced in step II, to provide derivative 4, which then undergoes reaction with the appropriate agent to provide compound 5.
An alternative general route for the construction of the compounds of formula I, is shown in Scheme 1, Route B. This methodology is again based on the chemistry described by Worrall, J Am. Chem. Soc; 1927, 49: 1603. In step IV, amine 1 is reacted with an aldehyde and potassium cyanide to give 6. Compound 6 is then reduced in step V, to provide the unsaturated derivative 7, which is then undergoes reaction with the appropriate agent to provide compound 8. Hydrogenation of 8 provides compound 5. The secondary amine of 5 (if R-H) is coupled with an aryl halide using a palladium catalyst to compound 9. Compound 9 could also be obtained by acylation, alkylation or reductive amination of 5. Palladium catalysed animations of aryhalides (reviews) are described by: Yang and Buchwals, J Organomet.Chem.1999, 576, 125-146; Frost and Mendonca, J Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1 1998, 2615-2623; Hartwig, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2046-2067. It might be necessary to protect the secondary amine of 4 through Scheme 1, Route C before coupling with a palladium catalyst. This methodology is based on the chemistry described by Frost and Mendonca, Chem. Lett. 1997, 11, 1159-1160.
Another alternative method for the construction of compounds of formula I is shown in Scheme 1, Route D. This route is based on the chemistry described by Worrall, J Am. Soc. 1927, 49, 1603. The appropriate amine can be prepared via palladium-catalysed amination of an arylhalide. In step XXII the amine is reacted with an aldehyde in the presence of potassium cyanide to give 22. Reduction with alane followed by acylation affords compound 24. The substituent RXII can then modified further to give the desired compounds using palladium catalysis. This chemistry is described in Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 3417-3419 andJ. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1473-1478.
Another variant for preparation of compounds of formula I is shown in Scheme 1, Route E. An appropriately substituted benzaldehyde can be reacted with an amine in the presence of potassium cyanide to give 15. This chemistry is based on the chemistry described by Worrall, J. Am. Soc. 1927, 49, 1603. Reduction of this compound with alane affords the amine 17. This compound can be acylated to give 17. Further substitution of RTX provides 19 and 20. The palladium-catalysed aminations of the aryl halide is described in Org. Lett. 2001,3, 3417-3419. Scheme 1: A general route to the compounds of foπnula I.
Figure imgf000020_0001
Table 1 : Examples according to Scheme 1.
Example 1 R" Rιιι Rv X
1 Ph Ph Ph CH2-2-thiophene CO
2 H Ph Ph i-propyl CO
3 H Ph Ph CH2-2-thiophene CO
4 H Ph Ph 3,5-diN02-phenyl CO
5 H Ph Ph 4-Me-phenyl so2
6 H Ph Ph phenyl so2
7 H Ph Ph 4-F-phenyl so2
8 H Ph Ph 2-Me-3-C00Me-5-furan so2 g H Ph Ph 2-COOMe-3-thiophene so2
10 H Ph Ph 2,5-di e-4-COO e-3-furan so2
11 H Ph Ph 1 ,2-diMe-4-7H-imidazole so2
12 H Ph Ph 3-CN-phenyl so2
13* Ph Ph Ph methyl CO
14* Ph Ph Ph i-propyl CO
15* Ph Ph Ph cyclopentyl CO
16* Ph Ph Ph 2-furan CO
17* Ph Ph Ph phenyl CO
18 Ph Ph Ph methyl CO
19 Ph Ph Ph i-propyl CO
20 Ph Ph Ph cyclopentyl CO
21 Ph Ph Ph 2-furan CO
22 H Ph Ph CH2-cyclopentyl CO
23 H Ph Ph 2-furan CO
24 H Ph Ph 1 -chloromethyl-phenyl CO
25 H Ph Ph CH2-phenyl CO
26 H Ph Ph methyl CO
27 H Ph Ph methyl chloride CO
28 H Ph Ph 1 ,1-dichloromethane CO
29 H Ph Ph ethyl CO
30 H Ph Ph 2-ethyl chloride CO
31 H Ph Ph pentyl CO
32 Et Ph Ph 4-Me-phenyl so2
33 H Ph Ph cyclopentyl CO
34 H Ph Ph phenyl CO
35 CH2 ■phenyl Ph Ph 4-Me-phenyl so2
36 CH2 -(3-COOH-phenyl) Ph Ph 4-Me-phenyl so2
37 5-COOH-2-furan Ph Ph phenyl CO
38* Ph Ph Ph CH2-2-thiophene CO
39 3-CH3S02NH-phenyl Ph Ph cyclopentyl CO
40 Ph Ph 4-OAc-phenyl cyclopentyl CO
41 Ph Ph 3-Br-phenyl cyclopentyl CO
42 Ph Ph 3-(CH3S02NH)-phenyl cyclopentyl CO
43 4-Br -phenyl Ph Ph cyclopentyl CO
44 4-(CH2COOH)-phenyl Ph Ph cyclopentyl CO
45 4-NH2-phenyl Ph Ph cyclopentyl CO
46 4-(CH3S02NH)-phenyl Ph Ph cyclopentyl CO
47 3-(CH2COOH)-phenyl Ph Ph cyclopentyl CO
* comment: E13-17and E38 are unsaturated compounds according to compound 8, the other examples are numbered according to compound 10 in Schemel R!v and RVI are "H" in all examples Example 1 : N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-ethyl)-2-thiophen-2-yl- acetamide (El-).
Step I: (2-Νitro-l-phenylethyl)-diphenylamine. To a stirred mixture of diphenylamine (1.69 g, 10 mmol, 1 equiv.) in 20 mL anhydrous THF was added a solution of 6.25 mL of n-butyl lithium (1.6 M in hexane, 10 mmol, 1 equiv.) drop wise at -70°C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and then cooled in an ice-bath. A solution of 2.98 g of trans-β-nitrostyrene (20 mmol, 2 equiv.) dissolved in 15 mL THF was added and then the reaction mixture was stirred under nitrogen for 20 hours at room temperature. A yellow precipitate was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (1 :4). Pure fractions were pooled and concentrated. Further purification by preparative HPLC afforded 860 mg (2.7 mmol, 27%) of (2-nitro-l-phenylethyl)-diphenylamine as the desired product.
Step II: ljN^N^Triphenylethane-l^-diamine. To a mixture of LiAlH4 (100 mg. 2.6 mmol, 5.5 equiv.) in 3 mL of anhydrous THF was added a solution of (2-nitro-l-phenylethyl)- diphenylamine (150 mg, 0.47 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in 2 mL THF at 0°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and then heated at reflux for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the solution was diluted sequentially first with 0.1 mL of water followed by 0.1 mL of 3M aqueous ΝaOH and 0.1 mL of additional water. The precipitate was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by a short silica gel column, eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (1 :4). The pure fractions were pooled and concentrated to give 95 mg (0.33 mmol, 70%) \,Nl,N - triphenylethane-l,2-diamine as desired product. ES/MS m/z: 289.4 (pos., M+H).
Step III: N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-ethyl)-2-thiophen-2-yl-acetamide To a mixture of ^N^N^triphenylethane-l^-diamine (45 mg, 0.16 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) and triethylamine (25 mg, 1.2 equiv.) in 3 mL DCM, was added a solution of 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride (28 mg, 0.17 mmol, 1.1 equiv.) in 2 mL of DCM at 0°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and then diluted with 10 mL of DCM. The organic phase was washed with dilute HC1 (pH « 4) and brine, dried over K2CO3, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by PHPLC to give 19 mg (0.046 mmol, 31%) of the desired N-(2-Diphenylamino-2- phenyl-ethyl)-2-thiophen-2-yl-acetamide . Η ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.20-7.25 (m, 5H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 5H), 6.85-6.95 (m, 3H), 6.70-6.80 (m, 5H), 5.65(broad t, 1H), 5.45 (dd, 1H), 4.00-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.70 (d, 2H), 3.50- 3.60 (m, 1H). ES/MS m/z: 413.4 (pos., M+H), 410.6 (neg., M-H).
Example 2: N-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) isobutyrarnide (E2
Step I: (2-Νitro-l-phenylethyl) phenylamine.
To a flask containing 6.4 g (67 mmol, 1 equiv.) of aniline was added 10 g (67 mmol, 1 equiv.) of β-nitro-styrene in portions with vigorous stirring at room temperature. Stirring was continued and the mixture first became homogeneous and then solidified after 1-2 hours. The resulting solid reaction mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature overnight and then recrystallised twice from absolute ethanol, to afford 15.7 g (64.8, 97%) of (2-nitro- 1 -phenylethyl) phenylamine as yellow crystals. Η NMR (CDC13): δ 7.35-7.45 (m, 5H), 7.15-7.20 (m, 2H), 6.80 (t, 1H), 6.65 (dd, 2H), 5.20 (t, 1H), 4.80 (d, 2H), 4.45 (s, 1H).
Step II: l^-Diphenylethane-l^-diamine.
To a refluxing suspension of 1.1 g (29 mmol, 3.0 equiv.) of LiAlH in 30 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise a solution of (2-nitro- 1- phenylethyl) phenylamine (2.4 g (9.9 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in 10 mL of anhydrous THF. The mixture was then refluxed and stirred for 30 min. Stirring was continued for 2 hours at room temperature. A solution of 2 mL of H2O in 10 mL of THF was added and stirred for 30 min. The precipitate was removed by filtration and the filtrate was evaporated. The residue was dissolved in 25 mL of DCM and was extracted with dilute HC1 (pH « 3; 3 x 10 mL). The combined aqueous layer was washed with DCM (3 x 20 mL) and then basified with ammonia (pH « 9) and extracted with DCM (3 x 25 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated to give 1.2 g (57%) of the desired ^N1- diphenylethane-l,2-diamine. Η ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.30-7.40 (m, 4H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 2H), 6.60-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.55 (dd, 2H), 4.75 (d, 1H), 4.35 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.15 (m, 2H), 1.20 (s, 2H).
Step III: N-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) isobutyramide (E2). To a stirred solution of l^-diphenylethane-l^-diamine (90 mg, 0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) and 50 mg (0.49 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) of triethylamine in 2 mL of DCM was added a solution of 45 mg of isobutyryl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) in 2 mL of DCM at 0°C with stirring. The mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirring was continued overnight. The solution was then diluted with 10 mL of DCM, washed with dilute HC1 (pH « 3) and brine twice. The organic phase was dried (K2CO3), filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by PHPLC to afford 111 mg (0.39 mmol, 93%) of the desired N-(2-phenyl-2- phenylamino-ethyl) isobutyramide. ΗΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.25-7.40 (m, 5H), 7.05 (t, 2H), 6.60 (t, IH), 6.50 (d, 2H), 5.85 (s, IH), 5.00 (broad, s, IH), 4.45 (t, IH), 3,60 (t, 2H), 2.30 (hept, IH), 1.15 (d, 6H).
Example 3 : N-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl')-2-thiophen-2-yl-acetamide
(
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford 77 mg (55%) of the desired product N-(2-ρhenyl-2- ρhenylaminoethyl)-2-thioρhen-2-yl-acetamide. Η ΝMR (CDCL): δ 7.20- 7.30 (m, 6H), 7.05-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.95 (dd, IH), 6.85-6.90 (m, IH), 6.65 (t, IH), 6.50 (dd, 2H), 6.10 (t, IH), 4.85 (d, IH), 4.45 (q, IH), 3.75 (s, 2H), 3.55-3.60 (m, 2H). ES/MS m/z: 337.4 (pos., M+H), 335.0 (neg., M-H).
Example 4: 3,5-Dinitro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl -benzamide (E4)
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with 3,5-dinitrobenzyoyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford 114 mg (67%) of the desired product 3,5-dinitro-N-(2- ρhenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzamide. ΗΝMR (CDC13): δ 9.05-9.10 (m, IH), 8.80-8.90 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.45 (m, 5H), 7.00-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.75- 6.90 (m, IH), 6.65 (t, IH), 6.45-6.55 (m, 2H), 4.55-4.75 (m, 2H), 3.75- 3.95 (m, 2H).
Example 5: 4-Methyl-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylV benzenesulfonamide (E5)
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with tosyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford 124 mg (81%) of the desired product 4-methyl-N-(2-phenylamino-ethyl)- benzenesulfonamide. Η MR (CDC13): δ 7.70 (d, 2H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 6H), 7.05 (dd, 2H), 6.65 (t, IH), 6.45 (d, 2H), 5.10 (t, IH), 4.35 (s, IH), 4.40 (dd, IH), 3.25-3.40 (m, IH), 3.10-3.20 /m, IH), 2.40(s, 3H), ES/MS m/z: 367.2 (pos., M+H), 365.2 (neg., M-H).
Example 6: N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl -benzenesulfonamide (E6 Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III using 50 mg 1JV1- diphenylethane-l,2-diamine and replacing isobutyryl chloride with benzene sulfonyl chloride (41 mg) to afford 8 mg of the desired product N- (2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide. 1H ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.75-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.60 (m, 3H), 7.15-7.25 (m, 5H), 6.95-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.55-6.60 (m, IH), 6.40-6.45 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.40 (m, IH), 3.15-3.40 (m, 2H). ES/MS m/z: 351.2 (neg., M-H).
Example 7: 4-Fluoro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylV benzenesulfonamide (E7)
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III using 25 mg l,Nl- diphenylethane-l,2-diamine and replacing isobutyryl chloride with 4- fluorobenzene sulfonyl chloride (23 mg) to afford 6 mg of the product 4- fluoro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide. 1H ΝMR (CD3OD): δ 7.85-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.30 (m, 4H), 7.20-7.25 (m, 3H), 6.95-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.50-6.55 (m, IH), 6.45-6.50 (m, 2H), 4.35-4.40 (m, IH), 3.10-3.20 (m, 2H). ES/MS m/z: 368.8 (neg., M-H). Example 8 : 2-Methyl-5-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl -furan- 3 -carboxylic acid methyl ester (E8)
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III using 25 mg ljN1- diρhenylethane-l,2-diamine and replacing isobutyryl chloride with methyl- 5-(chlorosulfonyl)-2-methyl-3-furoate (29 mg) to afford 4 mg of the product 2-methyl-5-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl)-furan-3- carboxylic acid methyl ester . 1H MR (CD3OD): δ 7.25-7.30 (m, 4H), 7.20-7.25 (m, IH), 7.15-7.20 (m, IH), 6.95-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.50-6.55 (m,
IH), 6.40-6.45 (m, 2H), 4.35-4.40 (m, IH), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.40 (m,
2H), 2.40 (s, 3H). ES/MS m/z: 415.6 (pos., M+H), 413.2 (neg., M-H).
Example 9: 3-("2-Phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl -thiophene-2- carboxylic acid methyl ester (E9
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III using 25 mg ljN1- diphenylethane-l,2-diamine and replacing isobutyryl chloride with methyl-
3-chloro-sulfonyl thiophene-2-carboxylate (29 mg) to afford 8 mg of the product 3 -(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl)-thiophene-2- carboxylic acid methyl ester. 1H ΝMR (CD3OD): δ 7.75-7.80 (m, IH),
7.60-7.65 (m, IH), 7.20-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.10-7.15 (m, IH), 6.90-6.95 (m,
2H), 6.50-6.55 (m, IH), 6.25-6.30 (m, 2H), 4.10-4.15 (m, IH), 3.75 (s,
3H), 3.20-3.50 (m, 2H). ES/MS m/z: 417.6 (pos., M+H), 415.4 (neg., M-
H).
Example 10 : (2,5-Dimethyl-4-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl - furan-3 -carboxylic acid methyl ester (Ε10)
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III using 25 mg ^N1- diphenylethane-l,2-diamine and replacing isobutyryl chloride with methyl-
4-(chloiOsulfonyl)-2,5-dimethyl-3-furoate (30 mg) to afford 7 mg of the product (2,5-dimethyl-4-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl)-furan-
3-carboxylic acid methyl ester. 1HΝMR (CD3OD): δ 7.10-7.30 (m, 5H),
6.90-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.50-6.55 (m, IH), 6.25-6.30 (m, 2H), 4.20-4.30 (m,
IH), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.50 (m, 2H), 2.55 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H). ES/MS m/z: 429.4 (pos., M+H), 427.0 (neg., M-H).
Example 11 : l,2-Dimethyl-lH-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (2-phenyl-2- phenylamino-ethylVamide (El 11
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III using 25 mg ^N1- diphenylethane-l,2-diamine and replacing isobutyryl chloride with 1,2- dimethyl-7H-imidazole-4-sulfonylchloride (23 mg) to afford 7 mg of the desired product l,2-dimethyl-lH-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (2-phenyl-2- ρhenylamino-ethyl)-amide. 1HΝMR (CD3OD): δ 7.45-7.50 (m, 1Η), 7.40- 7.45 (m, IH), 7.40-7.05 (m, 4H) 6.95-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.50-6.55 (m, IH), 6.40-6.45 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.40 (m, IH), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.50 (m, 2H), 2.45 (s, 3H). ES/MS m/z: 371.4 (pos., M+H), 369.0 (neg., M-H). Example 12: 3-Cvano-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)- benzenesulfonamide (E12
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III using 25 mg ^N1- diphenylethane-l,2-diamine and replacing isobutyryl chloride with 3- cyanobenzene sulfonyl chloride (24 mg) to afford 4 mg of the desired product 3-cyano-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide. 1H ΝMR (CD3OD): δ 8.00-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.85-8.80 (m, IH), 7.65-7.70 (m, IH), 7.30-7.45 (m, 4H), 7.15-7.20 (m, IH) 6.95-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.50-6.55 (m, IH), 6.40-6.45 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.40 (m, IH), 3.15-3.40 (m, 2H). ES/MS m/z: 378.4 (pos., M+H), 376.2 (neg., M-H).
Example 13: N-(2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-acetamide QE131 Step I: Diphenylamino-phenyl-acetonitrile
A mixture of N-diphenylamine (16.9 g, 0.1 mol), benzaldehyde (17.6 g, 0.167 mol), and potassium cyanide (9.18 g, 0.15 mol), dissolved in 130 mL of acetic acid, was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was poured onto 200 mL of ice water. After stirring for 20 min., the white precipitate was collected. The crude product was re-crystallized from methanol to afford 24.8 g of the desired product. 1H ΝMR (CDC13): δ 6.90-7.50 (m, 15H), 6.45 (s, IH). ES/MS m/z: 285.2 (pos., M+H), 283.2 (neg., M-H).
Step II: 1, N1, N^-triphenyl-ethene-l^-diamine
To a mixture of LiAlH (3.8 g, 13.4 mmol) in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added a solution of diphenylamino-phenyl-acetonitrile (5.66 g, 20 mmol) in 60 mL of THF at 0°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours and then heated at 60°C for 10 hours. The reaction mixture was dissolved in EtOAc and quenched with sat. aq. ΝH C1 and filtrated, the precipitate was washed with EtOAc (3x50mL). The organic phase was washed with brine, dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography, using π-heptane/ EtOAc (3:1) as eluent to afford 1.15 g of desired product 1, N1, N7-triphenyl-efhene- 1,2-diamine and 1.70 g of starting material. 1H ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.00-7.50 (m, 15H), 6.70-6.75 (m, IH), 3.60 (d, 2H),. ES/MS m/z: 287.2 (pos., M+H).
Step III: N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-acetamide Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III, replacing isobutyryl chloride with acetyl chloride (47 mg) and i,N7-diphenylefhane- 1,2-diamine with
Figure imgf000029_0001
to afford 57 mg of the desired product N-(2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)- acetamide. 1HΝMR (CDCI3): δ 7.10-7.50 (m, 14H), 6.85-6.95 (m, 2H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.60 (bs, IH). ES/MS m/z: 329.4 (pos., M+H). Example 14: N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-isobutyramide (E14) Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III, using isobutyryl chloride (49 mg) and replacing l,N7-diphenylethane- 1,2-diamine with JN7,N7-triphenyl-ethene- 1,2-diamine (111 mg) to afford 74 mg of the desired product N-(2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-isobutyramide. 1H ΝMR (CDCI3): δ 7.10-7.50 (m, 14H), 6.85-6.95 (m, 2H), 2.20 (m, IH), 1.25 (bs, IH), 0.90 (s, 3H), 0.85 (s, 3H). ES/MS m/z: 357.2 (pos., M+H), 355.2 (neg., M-H).
Example 15: Cyclopentane carboxylic acid (2-diphenylamine-2-phenyl- vinvD-amide (E15
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III, replacing isobutyryl chloride with cyclopentane carbonyl chloride (80 mg) and 1,N7- diphenylethane- 1,2-diamine with JN7,N7-triphenyl-ethene-l,2-diamine (142 mg) to afford 27 mg of the desired product cyclopentane carboxylic acid (2-diphenylamine-2-phenyl-vinyl)-amide. 1HΝMR (CDC13): δ 6.80- 7.50 (m, 16H), 2.30-2.40 (m, IH), 1.50-1.90 (m, 9H). ES/MS m/z: 383.2 (pos., M+H), 381.2 (neg., M-H). Example 16: Furan-2-carboxylic acid (2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)- amide (E16
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III, replacing isobutyryl chloride with 2-furoyl chloride (78 mg) and 1,N7- diphenylethane- 1 ,2-diamine with 1, N7,N7-triphenyl-ethene- 1 ,2-diamine (142 mg) to afford 32 mg of the desired product furan-2-carboxylic acid (2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-amide. 1H ΝMR (CDC13): δ 8.20 (d, IH), 7.45-7.50 ( , 3H), 7.10-7.40 (m, 12H), 7.00 (d, IH), 6.90-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.40 (dd, IH). ES/MS m/z: 381.4 (pos., M+H). Example 17: N- 2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-benzamide (E17) Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III, replacing isobutyryl chloride with benzoyl chloride (84 mg) and 1,N7- diphenylethane- 1,2-diamine with JN7,N7-triphenyl-ethene- 1,2-diamine (142 mg) to afford 51 mg of the desired product N-(2-diphenylamino-2- phenyl-vinyl)-benzamide. 1H ΝMR (CDCI3): δ 7.90 (d, IH), 7.40-7.60 (m, 4H), 7.10-7.30 (m, 14H), 6.95-7.00 (m, 2H), 1.60 (bs, IH). ES/MS m/z: 391.6 (pos., M+H).
Example 18: N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenylVacetamide (E18) A mixture of N-(2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-acetamide (E13, 52 mg) and 10% Pd/C (5 mg) was hydrogenated at 5.5-6 bar at room temperature for 24 hrs. The reaction mixture was filtrated to remove the catalyst and purified by PHPLC to afford 11 mg of the desired product N- (2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl)-acetamide. 1H ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.15-7.40 (m, 10H), 6.85-6.90 (m, 5H), 5.45-5.55 (m, IH), 5.40 (bs, IH), 3.95-4.10 (m, IH), 3.60-3.75 (m, IH), 1.90 (s, 3H). ES/MS m z: 331.4 (pos., M+H). Example 19: N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl')-isobutyramide (E19 Prepared according the procedure in Example 18,_using N-(2- diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-isobutyramide (E14, 70 mg) and 4 mg of 10% Pd/C to afford 21 mg of the desired product N-(2-diphenylamino-2- phenyl)-isobutyramide . 1H ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.10-7.35 (m, 10H), 6.85- 7.00 (m, 5H), 5.45 5.55(m, IH), 5.40 (bs, IH), 4.05 (m, IH), 3.60-3.75 (m, IH), 2.15-2.25 (m, IH), 1.05 (d, 3H), 1.00 (d, 3H). ES/MS m/z: 359.4
(pos., M+H), 357.4 (neg., M-H).
Example 20: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (2-phenyl-2-phenylamino- ethylVamide (E2(D
Prepared according the procedure in Example 1 δ^using cyclopentane carboxylic acid (2-diphenylamine-2-phenyl-vinyl)-amide (E15, 20 mg) and
2 mg of 10%) Pd/C to afford 0.27 mg of the desired product cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (2-phenyl-2-phenylaminoethyl)-amide and 11 mg of starting material. 1HNMR (CDC13): δ 7.10-7.35 (m, 11H), 6.85-
7.00 (m, 4H), 5.45-5.55 (m, IH), 5.40 (bs, IH), 3.95-4.10 (m, IH), 3.60-
3.75 (m, IH), 2.25-2.45 (m, IH), 1.35-1.90 (m, 8H). ES/MS m/z: 385.4
(pos., M+H).
Example 21: Furan-2-carboxylic acid (2-diphenylamino-2-phenylVamide
(E21
Prepared according the procedure in Example 18,_using furan-2-carboxylic acid (2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-amide (E16, 29 mg) and 3 mg of
10% Pd/C to afford 4.6 mg of the desired product furan-2-carboxylic acid
(2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl)-amide. 1H NMR (CDC13): δ 8.50 (d, IH),
7.40-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.10-7.30 (m, 14H), 6.85-6.95 (m, 2H), 4.25-4.30 (m,
IH), 3.50-3.60 (m, IH), 3.25-3.35 (m, IH). ES/MS m/z: 380.6 (neg., M-
H).
Example 22: 2-Cyclopentyl-N- (2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl -acetamide
(E22
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with cyclopentaneacetyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford 115 mg (85%) of the desired product 2-cyclopentyl-N-(2-phenyl-
2-phenylamino-ethyl)-acetamide. Η ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.30-7.40 (m, 4H),
7.25-7.30 (m, IH), 7.05 (dt, 2H), 6.60 (t, IH), 6.50 (d, 2H), 5.50 (t, IH),
5.00 (s, IH), 4.45 (t, IH), 3.55-3.65 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.30 (m, IH), 2.10-2.20
(m, 2H), 1.70-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.60 (m, 4H), 1.05-1.20 (m, 2H). ES/MS m/z: 323.4 (pos., M+H), 321.2 (neg., M-H). Example 23 : Furan-2-carboxylic acid 2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl')- amide (E23
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with 2-furoyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford 102 mg (19%) of the desired product furan-2-carboxylic acid (2-phenyl-2- phenylamino-ethyl)-amide Η NMR (CDC13): δ 7.25-7.45 (m, 6H), 7.15 (dd, IH), 7.05 (t, 2H), 6.65 (t, 2H), 6.55(d, IH), 6.50 (s, IH), 6.50 (dd, IH), 5.00 (s, IH), 4.55 (dd, IH), 3.70-3.85 (m, 2H). ES/MS m/z: 307.4 (pos., M+H), 305.2 (neg., M-H).
Example 24: 2-Chloro-2-phenyl-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl - acetamide (E24
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with 2-chloro-2-phenylacetyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford 80 mg (52%) of the desired product 2-Chloro-2-phenyl-N- (2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-acetamide. Η ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.4-7.45. (m, 2H), 7.20-7.35 (m, 8H), 6.95-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.50 (m, 3H), 5.60 (s, IH), 4.40-4.55 (m, IH), 4.05 (s, IH), 3.30-3.45 (m, 3H). ES/MS m/z: 365.2 (pos., M+H), 363.0 (neg., M-H).
Example 25 : N-((2-phenylV2-phenylamino-ethylVbenzamide (E25 Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with 2-phenylacetyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford 115 mg (83%) of the desired product N-((2-phenyl)-2-phenylamino- ethyl)-benzamide. 'H ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.20-7.35 (m, 8H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.05 (dt, 2H), 6.65 (t, IH), 6.45 (dd, 2H), 5.60 (s, IH), 4.85 (s, IH), 4.40 (t, IH), 3.55 (s, 2H), 3.50 (t, 2H). ES/MS m/z: 331.4 (pos., M+H), 329.4 (neg., M-H).
Example 26: N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl acetamide (E26 Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with acetyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford 93 mg (87%>) of the desired product N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino- ethyl)acetamide. Η ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.20-7.40 (m, 5H), 7.05-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.65 (t, IH), 6.60 (t, IH), 6.50 (dd, 2H), 5.80 (broad s, IH), 4.95 (s,
IH), 4.45 (t, IH), 3.55-3.60 (m, 2H), 1.95 (s, 3H).
Example 27: 2-Chloro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl acetamide (E21)
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with chloroacetyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford 66 mg (55%) of the desired product 2-chloro-N-(2-phenyl-2- phenylamino-ethyl) acetamide. Η ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.25-7.40 (m, 5H),
7.05-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.80 (s, broad, IH), 6.55 (t, IH), 6.50 (dd, 2H), 4.70 (s, broad, IH), 4.50 (dd, IH), 4.05 (s, 2H), 3.60-3.70 (m, 2H).
Example 28: 2,2-Dichloro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl acetamide
(£28
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with dichloroacetyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford 60 mg (45%>) of the desired product 2,2-dichloro-N-(2-phenyl-2- phenylamino-ethyl) acetamide. Η ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.35-7.40 (m, 4H),
7.30-7.35 (m, IH), 7.05-7.15 (m, 2H), 6.75 (broad s, IH), 6.70 (tt, IH),
6.50-6.60 (m, 2H), 5.90 (s, IH), 4.60 (t, IH), 4.50 (s, IH), 3.60-3.75 (m,
2H).
Example 29: N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl propionamide (E29
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with propionyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford
54 mg (44%>) of the desired product N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) propionamide. Η ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.20-7.40 (m, 5H), 7.05 (t, 2H), 6.60
(t, IH), 6.45 (d, 2H), 5.80 (s, IH), 4.45 (t, IH), 3.60 (t, 2H), 2.20 (q, 2H),
1.10 (t, 3H).
Example 30: 3-Chloro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl') propionamide
(E30
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with 3-chloropropionyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford 105 mg (83%) of the desired product 3-chloro-N-(2-phenyl-2- phenylamino-ethyl) propionamide. Η ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.20-7.40 (m, 6H), 7.05 (t, 2H), 6.60(t, 2H), 6.50 (s, IH), 6.45 (s, IH), 4.40-4.50 (m, IH), 3.77 (t, 2H), 3.55-3.65 (m, 2H), 2.60 (t, 2H).
Example 31 : Hexanoic acid (2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl') amide (E31 Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III replacing isobutyryl chloride with hexanoyl chloride (0.42 mmol, 1 equiv.) to afford 84 mg (65%) of the desired product hexanoic acid (2-phenyl-2- phenylamino-ethyl) amide. Η NMR (CDC13): δ 7.25-7.40 (m, 5H), 7.00- 7.10 (m, 2H), 6.60 (t, IH), 6.45 (d, 2H), 5J0 (s, IH), 4.95 (s, IH), 4.45 (t, IH), 3.60 (t, 2H), 2.15 (t, 2H), 1.55-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.35 (m, 4H), 0.85 (t, 3H).
Example 32: N-r2-(Ethyl-phenylaminoV2-phenyl-ethyl]-4-methyl- benzenesulfonamide fE32)
To a stirred solution of 4-methyl-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)- benzenesulfonamide (E5, lOmg, 0.03 mmol) in 0.7 mL of glacial acetic acid at r.t, was added ΝaBH (48 mg) in portions and the mixture was heated at 75 °C for 5 hrs. The mixture was cooled to r.t.., 1.0 mL of water was added and the mixture was extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with NaOH (2N) and finally with water. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified on a silica SPE column (500 mg/ 3mL) using n-heptane: EtOAc (3:1) as eluent. The pure fractions were pooled and concentrated to yield the desired product N-[2-(Ethyl- phenylamino)-2-phenyl-ethyl]-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide. Η ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.74 (d, 2H), 7.30 (d, 2H), 7.25-7.29 (m, 3H), 7.20 (t, 2H), 7.05-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.85 (t, IH), 6.75 (d, 2H), 4.85-4.90 (m, IH), 4J0-4J5 (m, IH), 3.55-3.65 (m, IH), 3.40-3.45 (m, IH), 2.90-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 0.93 (t, 3H). ES/MS m/z: 393.2 (neg, M-H).
Example 33: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (2-phenyl-2-phenylamino- ethvD-amide (Ε3 )
To a stirred solution of l,Ν'-diphenyl-ethane-l, 2-diamine (200.0 mg; 0.94 mmol) and NEt3 (dry; 0.17 ml, 1.22 mmol) in 4 ml DCM (dry) at 0 °C, a solution of cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride (125.0 mg, 0.94 mmol) in DCM (dry, 1.5 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 2h and then at RT over night. The reaction mixture was washed first with NaOH IN and then with HC1 IN and finally with water. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by flash chromatography [silica, n-heptane-EtOAc (3:1)]. The product containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo to yield 173.0 mg (60%) of the wanted product. 1H-NMR (CDC13): δ 7.25 - 7.30 (m, 4H); 7.20 - 7.25 (m, IH); 6.95 - 7.00 (m, 2H); 6.55 - 6.60 (m, IH); 6.40 (d, 2H); 5.55 - 5.60 (m, IH); 4.90 (s, IH); 4.35 - 4.40 (m, IH); 3.55 - 3.60 (m, 2H); 2.40 - 2.45 (m, IH); 1.60 - 180 (m, 5H); 1.45 - 1.50 (m, 3H) ES/MS m/z: 307.4 (neg, M-H).
Example 34: N-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl>benzamide (E34
Prepared according the procedure in Example 33, replacing cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride with benzoyl chloride (0.94 mmol, 1 equiv.). The crude material was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to yield 170.0 mg (57%) of the wanted product,. 1H-ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.75 (d, 2H); 7.50 - 7.55 (m, IH); 7.40 - 7.45 (m, 4H); 7.35 - 7.40 (m, 2H); 7.30 - 7.35 (m, IH); 7.10 (t, 2H); 6.65 (t, IH); 6.55 (d, 2H); 6.35 (brs, IH); 5.00 (s, IH); 4.60 - 4.65 (m, IH); 3.85 - 3.90 (m, 2H). ES/MS m/z: 315.0 (neg, M-H).
Example 35 : N- 2-(Benzyl-phenyl-amino-)-2-phenyl-ethyl1-4-methyl- benzenesulfonamide (E35)
A stirred solution of E5 (11.4 mg; 0.031 mmol) and excess of benzylbromide in DCM (dry, 0.6 ml) was heated at 60 °C for 64h. Water was added to the reaction mixture and then extracted with DCM. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by semi-preparative HPLC. The product containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo to yield 8.0 mg (57%) of the wanted product, N-[2-(benzyl-phenyl-amino-)-2- phenyl-ethyl]-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide. 1H-ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.50 - 7.55 (m, 2H); 705 - 7.30 (m, 14H); 6.80 - 6.85 (m, IH); 6.80 (brd, 2H); 5.05 - 5.10 (m, IH); 4.60 - 4.70 (m, IH); 4.30 (d, IH); 4.15 (d, IH); 3.50 - 3.60 (m, IH); 3.25 - 3.35 (m, IH); 2.40 (s, 3H). ES/MS m/z: 455.2 (neg, M-H). Example 36: 4-({Phenyl-|T .phenyl-2-(toluene-4-sulfonylaminoVethyll-aminol-methylV benzoic acid (E36)
To a stirred solution of E5 (7.5 mg; 0.020 mmol) in DMF (dry, 0.3 ml), a solution of methyl 3-(bromomethyl)phenylacetate (74.0 mg, 0.32) in DMF (dry, 0.4 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 60 °C for 64h. Water was added to the reaction mixture and then extracted with DCM. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by semi-preparative HPLC. The product containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo to yield 5.5 mg (52%) of a product that was used directly in the next step. The compound obtained was dissolved in THF (0.5 ml) and stirred at RT. To this solution LiOH IN (0.083 ml) was added and the reaction mixture stirred at RT overnight. The mixture was purified by semi-preparative HPLC. The product containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo to yield 2.5 mg (46%) of 4-({phenyl-[l.phenyl-2- (toluene-4-sulfonylamino)-ethyl] -amino }-methyl)-benzoic acid. 1H-NMR (CDC13): δ 8.00 - 8.05 (m, IH); 7.95 (brs, IH); 7.70 - 7.75 (m, 2H); 7.20 - 7.50 (m, 1 IH); 6.95 - 7.00 (m, IH); 6.90 (brd, 2H); 5.15 - 5.20 (m, IH); 4.80 (brs, IH); 4.35 (dd, 2H); 3.65 - 3.75 (m, IH); 3.50 - 3.60 (m, IH); 2.55 (s, 3H). ES/MS m/z: 499.4 (neg, M-H).
Example 37 : (2- { (2-Benzoylamino- 1 -phenyl-ethvP-phenyl-amino] -methyl) -furan-3 ■ carboxylic acid (E37)
A solution of E34 (25.0 mg; 0.079 mmol) in DMF (dry, 0.3 ml) was added to a 60% NaH dispersion in mineral oil (3.2 mg) in DMF (dry, 0.1 ml) at RT. To this stirred mixture, a solution of methyl 2-(bromomethyl)-3-furate (85.5 mg, 0.40 mmol)) in DMF (dry, 0.2 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 60 °C overnight. Water was added to the reaction mixture and then extracted with DCM. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by semi-preparative HPLC. The product containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo to yield 14.0 mg (39%) of a product that was used directly in the next step. The compound obtained was dissolved in THF (0.4 ml) and stirred at RT. To this solution LiOH IN (0.16 ml) was added and the reaction mixture stirred at RT overnight. The mixture was purified by semi-preparative HPLC. The product containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo to yield 8.0 mg (60%)) of (2- { [(2-benzoylamino- 1 -phenyl-ethyl)-phenyl-amino] -methyl} -furan-3 - carboxylic acid. 1H-NMR (CDC13): δ 7.60 - 7.65 (m, 2H); 7.35 - 7.42 (m, IH); 7.30 - 7.35 (m, 2H); 7.11 - 7.30 (m, 7H); 7.10 (d, IH); 6.95 (brd, 2H); 6.75- 6.85 (m, 2H); 6.60 (d, IH); 5.10 - 5.15 (m, IH); 4.65 (d, IH); 4.40 (d, IH); 4.30 - 4.40 (m, IH); 3.70 - 3.80 (m, IH). ES/MS m/z: 439.4 (neg, M-H).
Example 38: N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl -2-thiophen-2-yl- acetamide (E38
Prepared according the procedure in Example 2, step III, replacing isobutyryl chloride with hiophen-2-yl-acetylchloride (365 mg) and 1,N7- diphenylethane- 1,2-diamine with l)N ,N7-triphenyl-ethene-l,2-diamine (650 mg) to afford 325 mg of the desired product : N-(2-Diphenylamino-2- phenyl-vinyl)-2-thiophen-2-yl-acetamide. 1H ΝMR (CDCI3) δ 7.45 (d, IH), 7.35-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.20-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.10-7.15 (m, 6H), 6.95-7.00 (m, 4H), 6.90-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.85-6.90 (m, IH), 6.55 (d, IH), 3.60 (s, 2H).
Example 39: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2- (3-methanesulfonylamino-phenyl - phenyl-aminol -2-phenyl-ethyl > -amide (E39 .
Step I: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(3-amino-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl- ethyl} -amide.
Prepared according to the procedure in Example 42, step I, with the exception that the substrate (0.4842 g) was added as a solution in dry 1,4-dioxane (9.0 ml). A large excess of fresh LiHMDS was used (4 large spatula spoons added, amount not measured). Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution; hexane -> 20 % EtOAc in hexane). Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(3-bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]- 2-phenyl-ethyl}-amide (0.4842 g, 1.05 mmol) afforded 0.216 g (46 %) of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid { 2- [(3 -amino-phenyl)-phenyl-amino] -2-phenyl-ethyl} - amide. 1H ΝMR (CDCI3): δ 7.15-7.30 (m, 7H), 6.90-7.00 (m, 4H), 6.35-6.40 (m, 3H), 5.45 (dd, IH), 5.45 (br t, IH), 4.50 (br s, 2H), 4.05 (ddd, IH), 3.65 (ddd, IH), 2.35-2.40 (m, IH), 1.60-1.75 (m, 6H), 1.45-1.55 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (CDC13): δ 176.3, 148.3, 146.1, 139.7, 129.9, 129.1, 128.3, 127.4, 127.2, 123.8, 122.4, 113.3, 109.3, 109.2, 61.2, 45.8, 40.6, 30.2, 30.1, 25.70, 25.68.
Step II: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(3-methanesulfonylamino-phenyι)-phenyl~ amino]-2-phenyl-ethyl}-amide (E39).
Prepared according to the procedure in Example 42, step II, with the exception that 1.91 equiv. of dry pyridine and 1.05 equiv. of methanesulfonyl chloride was used. After stirring overnight an additional 2.39 equiv. of dry pyridine and 1.22 equiv. of methanesulfonyl chloride were added. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution; CH2C12 -> 14 % MeOH in CH2C12). A slightly discoloured product was washed carefully with CH C12 (3 x 2 ml) and dried under high vacuum. Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(3-amino-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl-ethyl}- amide (0.2080 g, 0.521 mmol) afforded 0.1266 g (51 %) of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(3-methanesulfonylamino-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl-ethyl}-amide. 1H NMR (THF-d8): δ 8.55 (s, IH), 7.15-7.30 (m, 7H), 6.90-7.10 (m, 5H), 6.75 (br d, IH), 6.65 (br t, 2H), 5.60 (t, IH), 3.80 (dist. t, 2H)1H), 2.35-2.45 (m, IH), 1.60-1.70 (m, 6H), 1.45-1.55 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (CD3CN): δ 176.5, 149.7, 147.3, 141.1, 140.6, 130.4, 130.0, 129.1, 129.0, 127.9, 126.6, 124.1, 116.8, 112.7, 112.4, 62.0, 45.9, 41.6, 39.1, 31.14, 31.10, 29.8.
Example 40: Acetic acid 4-[2-(cvclopentanecarbonyl-amino)-l-diphenylamino-ethyll- phenyl ester (E40 .
Step I: Diphenylamino-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetonitrile.
A solution of diphenylamine (3.341 g, 19.7 mmol), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4.041 g, 33.1 mmol, 1.68 equiv.) and KCN (1.972 g, 30.9 mmol, 1.53 equiv.) in glacial acetic acid (40 nil) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution was poured into ice- water and stirred for 20 min. The gum was filtered, dissolved in CH2C12 and washed with water (x 2), brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (20 % hexane in CH2C1 , CH2C12) to afford 4.0 g (67%>) of diphenylamino-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetonitrile as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (CDC13): δ 7.20-7.30 (m, 6H), 7.05-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.90-7.00 (m, 4H), 6.75- 6.80 (m, 2H), 6.00 (s, IH), 4.80 (br s, IH).
Step II : [4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-phenyi] -diphenylamino-acetonitrile.
To a cooled (0°C) solution of diphenylamino-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetonitrile (0.384 g, 1.28 mmol), (0.2 ml, 1.41 mmol, 1.1 equiv.) and DMAP (cat.) in dry CH2C12 (13 ml) was added tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (0.219 g, 1.41 mmol, 1.1 equiv.) under N2. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 19 hrs when an additional amount of triethylamine (0.09 ml, 0.64 mmol, 0.5 equiv.) and tert- butyldimethylchlorosilane (0.099 g, 0.64 mmol, 0.5 equiv.) were added. After stirring for an additional 26 hrs the mixture was diluted with CH2C1 and washed with water, sat. NH4C1 (x 2), brine, dried (MgSO ), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using hexane/CH Cl2 (2:1) yielding 0.448 g (85 %) of [4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-phenyl]-diphenylamino- acetonitrile as a clear oil. 1H NMR (CDCI3): δ 7.20-7.25 (m, 6H), 7.00-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.90-6.95 (m, 4H), 6.75-6.80 (m, 2H), 6.00 (s, IH), 0.95 (s, 9H), 0.15 (s, 6H).
Step III: l-[4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-phenyl]-N1,N1-diphenyl-ethane-l,2- diamine.
To a cooled (0°C) suspension of LiAlH4 (0.251 g, 6.42 mmol, 1.33 equiv.) in dry THF (12 ml) was added cone. H2SO4 (0.18 ml, 3.21 mmol, 0.67 equiv.) under N . A solution of [4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-phenyl]-diphenylamino-acetonitrile (2.0 g, 4.82 mmol) in dry THF (2.5 ml) was added dropwise over 10 min. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then quenched by addition of of a solution of THF/H2O (1:1,1.2 ml) followed by a solution of NaOH (0.36 g) in water (3.6 ml). The orange suspension was filtered and the solid washed with diethyl ether. The organic filtrate was washed with brine, dried (K2COs), filtered and concentrated. Purifcation of the residue by dry-flash on silica gel (gradient eluention; hexane/CH2Cl2 (1:1), CH2C12 → 5 % MeOH in CH2C12) gave 1.384 g (69%) of l-[4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)- phenylj-N^N^diphenyl-ethane- 1,2-diamine as a pale yellow oil. 1H NMR (CDC13): δ 7.20 (dd, 4H), 7.05 (d, 2H), 6.95 (dd, 2H), 6.85 (d, 4H), 6J0 (d, 2H), 5.20 (t, IH), 3.20 (br s, 2H), 1.55 (br s, 2H), 0.95 (s, 9H), 0.15 (s, 6H). 13C NMR (CDC13): δ 154.7, 146.5, 132.4, 129.0, 128.8, 122.8, 121.7, 119.8, 63.8, 42.9, 25.5, 18.1, -4.6.
Step IN: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-phenyl]- 2-diphenylamino-ethyl} -amide.
To a stirred solution of [4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-phenyl]-diphenylamino- acetonitrile (0.478 g, 1.1 mmol) in dry CH2CI2 (10 ml) was added cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (0.12 ml, 1.11 mmol, 1.02 equiv.) under Ν2-atm followed by DCC (0.231 g, 1.12 mmol, 1.02 equiv.). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight and a solid was filtered off and washed with CH2C1 . Concentration of the filtrate followed by purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution; CH2C12 → 20% MeOH in CH2C12) afforded 0.444 g (79 %) of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-phenyl]-2- diphenylamino-ethyl}-amide as a white solid. 1H NMR (CDCI3): δ 7.15-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.10 (dist. d, 2H), 6.95 (t, 2H), 6.90 (dist. d, 4H), 6.75 (dist. d, 2H), 5.60 (t, IH), 5.50 (t, IH), 3.90-4.00 (ddd, IH), 3.70-3.80 (ddd, IH), 2.35-2.45 (m, IH), 1.60-1.80 (m, 6H), 1.45-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.00 (s, 9H), 0.20 (s, 6H). 13C NMR (CDCI3): δ 176.4, 154.8, 146.6, 132.1, 129.1, 128.8, 122.8, 121.9, 119.9, 60.4, 45.7, 40.4, 30.23, 30.20, 25.8, 25.7, 25.6, 18.2, -4.5.
Step V: Acetic acid 4- [2-(cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)-l-diphenylamino-ethyl] -phenyl ester (E40).
Parti: Tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate (0.167 g, 0.529 mmol, 1.08 equiv.) was placed in a Schlenk flask and dried under high vaccum at 40 - 45°C for 1 Vz hrs and dissolved by addition of dry THF (8 ml). A solution of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2- [4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-phenyl] -2-diphenylamino-ethyl} -amide (0.252 g, 0.489 mmol) in dry THF (7 ml) was added at room temperature. After stirring for 1 hr water was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (x 4). The combined organic phase was dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. Purification of the residue by colunm chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution; CH2C12 -> 5 % MeOH in CH2C12) gave 0.1604 g (0.40 mmol) of the respective alcohol as a white solid.
Part II: To a solution of the alcohol (0.1604 g, 0.40 mmol) and triethylamine (0.06 ml, 0.44 mmol, 1.1 equiv.) in dry CH2C12 (12 ml) was added acetic acid anhydride (0.04 ml, 0.44 mmol, 1.1 equiv.). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight, diluted with CH2C12 and washed with water, 0.01 M HC1 (x 2), water, brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. Purification of the residue by dry-flash on silica gel (gradient elution; CH2C12 → 1 % MeOH in CH2C12) yielded 0.0118 g (5 %) of acetic acid 4-[2- (cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)-l-diphenylamino-ethyl] -phenyl ester. The product was unstable. 1H MR (CD2C12): δ 7.30-7.35 (dist. d, 2H), 7.20-7.25 (m, 4H), 6.90-7.05 (m, 8H), 5.50 (dd, IH), 5.40 (br s, IH), 3.85-3.95 (ddd, IH), 3.65-3.75 (ddd, IH), 2.35-2.45 (m, IH), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.60-1.80 (m, 6H), 1.50-1.55 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (CD2C12): δ 176.6, 169.9, 150.5, 147.3, 138.1, 129.8, 129.1, 123.5, 122.7, 122.1, 61.5, 46.2, 41.6, 30.8, 30.7, 26.4, 26.3, 21.4.
Example 41: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid r2-(3-bromo-phenyl)-2-diphenylamino- ethyll-amide (E4U
Step I: (3-Bromo-phenyl)-diphenylamino-acetonitrile.
Prepared according to the procedure in Example 40, step I, with the exception that the crude product was recrystallized from hot methanol. 3-Bromobenzaldehyde (3.38 g, 20 mmol) afforded 2.81 g (39%) of the desired product. 1H NMR (CDC13): δ 7.60-7.65 (br s, IH), 7.40-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.35 (m, 6H), 7.05-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.95-7.00 (m, 3H), 6.05 (s, IH). Step II: l-(3-Bromo-phenyl)-N7,N7-diphenyl-ethane-l,2-diamine.
Prepared according to the procedure in Example 40, step III, with the exception that the combined organic phase was concentrated, dissolved in diethyl ether, dried (K CO3), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by dry-flash on silica gel (CH C12 ; 5 % MeOH in CH2C12). (3-Bromo-phenyl)-diphenylamino-acetonitrile (3.41 g, 9.4 mmol) to afford 2.43 g (70 %) of l-(3-bromo-phenyl)-N7,N7-diphenyl-ethane-l,2-diamine. 1H ΝMR (CDC13) δ 7.30-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.10-7.25 (m, 6H), 6.85-7.00 (m, 6H), 5.35 (dd, IH), 3.45 (br s, 2H), 3.20-3.35 (m, IH), 3.20 (dd, IH).
Step III: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-(3-bromo-phenyl)-2-diphenylamino-ethyl]- amide (E41).
To a cooled (0°C) solution of l-(3-bromo-phenyl)-N7, N7-diphenyl-ethane-l,2-diamine (0.68 g, 1.85 mmol) and triethylamine (0.22 g, 2.22 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) in dry CH2C12 (7.5 ml) was added a solution of cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride (0.26 g, 1.95 mmol, 1.05 equiv.) in dry CH2C12 (7.5 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 lA hrs when a drop of cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride was added. Stirring for another 1 Vi hr was followed by dilution with CH2C12, separation and washing of the organic phase with 0.001 M HC1, 5 % aq. ΝaHCθ3 and brine before drying (K2CO3), filtration and concentration. Purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel (hexane/CH Cl2; 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, CH2C12) afforded 0.65 g (76 %) of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-(3-bromo-phenyl)-2-diphenylamino-ethyl]- amide as a glassy solid. 1H NMR (CDC13) δ 7.45 (br t, IH), 7.35 (br dt, IH), 7.20-7.25 (m, 5H), 7.15 (t, IH), 6.90-7.00 (m, 6H), 5.50 (dd, IH), 5.35 (br t, IH), 3.90-4.05 (m, IH), 3.55-3.70 (m, IH), 2.30-2.45 (m, IH), 1.45-1.85 (m, 8H).
Example 42: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid r2-diphenylamino-2-(3- methanesulfonylamino-phenvD-ethyll -amide (E42 . Step I: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-(3-amino-phenyl)-2-diphenylamino-ethyl]- amide.
A solution of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.0212 g, 0.023 mmol, 0.05 equiv.) and 2-(dicyclohexylphospino)biphenyl (0.0181 g, 0.052 mmol, 0.11 equiv.) in dry 1,4-dioxane (3.0 ml) was heated at 80°C for 3 min under inert atm. After cooling to room temperature cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-(3-bromo-phenyl)-2-diphenylamino- ethyl]-amide (0.2140 g, 0.462 mmol) and LiHMDS (0.503 g, 3.00 mmol, 6.5 equiv.) were added. The reaction was stirred at 80 °C overnight, cooled to room temperature before 1.0 M HC1 (8.0 ml) was added. After stirring for 1 hr the mixture was made basic by the addition of sat. NaHCO3. The organic phase was diluted with ethyl acetate, the phases separated and the organic phase washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated. Purification of the residue by dry-flash on silica gel (gradient elution; CH2C12 → 2.5 % MeOH in CH2C12) gave 0.1345 g (73 %) of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-(3-amino-phenyl)-2-diphenylamino-ethyl]-amide. 1H NMR (CDC13) δ 7.20-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.05 (br t, IH), 6.90-6.95 (m, 6H), 6.75 (br d, 2H), 6.60 (br d, IH), 5.40-5.45 (m, 2H), 3.95-4.05 (m, IH), 3.55-3.65 (m, IH), 2.30-2.40 (m, IH), 1.60-1.80 (m, 6H), 1.40-1.60 (m, 2H).
Step II: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-diphenylamino-2-(3-methanesulfonylamino- phenyl)-ethyl] -amide (E42).
To a cooled (0°C) solution of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-(3-amino-phenyl)-2- diphenylamino-ethyl] -amide (0.1345 g, 0.337 mmol) in dry pyridine (0.03 ml, 0.373 mmol, 1.11 equiv.) and dry CH2C12 (3.0 ml) was added methanesulfonyl chloride (0.03 ml, 0.380 mmol, 1.12 equiv.) under N . The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, diluted with CH2C1 and washed with water, 1.0 M HC1 (x 2), sat. NaHCO3, brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified twice by column chromatography on silica gel [1) gradient elution; CH2C12 - 2.5 % MeOH in CH2C12; 2) gradient elution; CH2C12 → 15 % EtOAc in CH2C12] yielding 0.062 g (39 %) of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-diphenylamino-2-(3- methanesulfonylamino-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide as a white solid. 1H NMR (CDCI3) δ 7.20- 7.30 (m, 7H), 7.15 (br t, IH), 6.95-7.00 (m, 5H), 6.85 (br s, IH), 5.45-5.55 (m, 2H), 3.95-4.05 (m, IH), 3.65-3.75 (m, IH), 2.85 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.40 (m, IH), 1.60-1.80 (m, 6H), 1.50-1.55 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (CDCl3): δ 176.6, 146.1, 140.9, 137.0, 129.8, 129.3, 124.8, 122.9, 119.6, 61.8, 45.6, 40.8, 39.2, 30.1, 25.7.
Example 43: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-|"(4-bromo-phenyl -phenyl-amino]-2- phenyl-ethyl} -amide (E43Y
Step I: (4-Bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amine.
A suspension of Pd(OAc)2 (0.074 g, 0.27 mmol, 0.03 equiv.) and BINAP (0.0251 g, 0.40 mmol, 0.044 equiv.) in dry 1,4-dioxane (10 ml) was heated at 100°C for 1 min under insert atm. After cooling to room temperature 4-bromoaniline (1.550 g, 9.0 mmol), iodobenzene (2.048 g, 10 mmol, 1.1 equiv.) and Cs2CO3 (3.636 g, 11 mmol, 1.22 equiv.) were added, respectively, followed by dry 1,4-dioxane (20 ml). The reaction mixture was immediately heated to 100°C and stirred at this temperature overnight. After cooling to room temperature the reaction mixture was diluted with CH2C12 and washed with water (x 2), brine, dried (Na2SO ), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using hexane/CH2Cl2 (1 :1) to afford 1.984 g (89 %) of 4-bromo-diphenylamine as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (CDC13): δ 7.25-7.35 (m, 4H), 7.05-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.90-7.00 (m, 3H), 6.00 (br s, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): δ 142.2, 142.1, 132.1, 129.4, 121.7, 119.0, 118.3, 112.7.
Step II: [(4-Bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-phenyl-acetonitrile.
Prepared according to the procedure in Example 40, step I, with the exception that the crude product was taken up in CH2C1 ; evaporated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel using 30 % CH2C12 in hexane as eluent. (4-Bromo- phenyl)-phenyl-amine (1.964 g, 7.9 mmol) afforded 0.980 g (34 %) of [(4-bromo- ρhenyl)-phenyl-amino]-phenyl-acetonitrile. 1H NMR (CDC13): δ 7.40-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.35 (m, 7H), 7.10-7.15 (m, IH), 7.00-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.75-6.80 (m, 2H), 6.05 (s, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): δ 145.5, 144.7, 132.4, 131.9, 129.4, 128.8, 128.7, 127.2, 124.5, 123.7, 123.3, 116.5, 115.8, 56.7.
Step III: N7-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-l,N7-diphenyl-ethane- 1,2-diamine.
Prepared according to the procedure in Example 40, step HI using LiAlH (1.9 equiv.) and H2SO4 (0.96 equiv.). After quenching and filtration, the solid was washed with ethyl acetate and the water phase from the filtration was extracted with ethyl acetate. The residue was purified by dry-flash on silica gel (gradient elution; CH2C ;, CH2C12 — > 10 % MeOH). (4-Bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-phenyl-acetonitrile (1.815 g, 5.0 mmol) afforded 1.59 g (87 %) of the desired N7-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-l,N7-diphenyl- ethane- 1,2-diamine. 1H ΝMR (CDCI3): δ 7.20-7.30 (m, 9H), 7.00-7.05 (m, IH), 6.95- 7.00 (m, 2H), 6.70-6.75 (m, 2H), 5.25 (t, IH), 3.15-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.15 (br s, 2H).
Step IN: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(4-bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl- ethyl} -amide (E43).
To a cooled (0°C) solution of N7-(4-bromo-phenyl)-l,N7-diphenyl-ethane-l,2-diamine (1.57 g, 4.5 mmol) and triethylamine (0.84 ml, 6.0 mmol, 1.4 equiv.) in dry CH2C1 (15 ml) was added a solution of cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride (0.35 ml, 5.0 mmol, 1.16 equiv.) in dry CH2C12 (15 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and the solvent was removed in vacuo. Purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution; hexane — » 20 % EtOAc in hexane) gave 1.478 g (74 %) of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(4-bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2- phenyl-ethyl} -amide as a white solid. 1H ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.20-7.30 (m, 9H), 7.05 (dd, IH), 6.95 (dd, 2H), 6.70-6.80 (m, 2H), 5.50 (dd, IH), 5.35 (br t, IH), 3.90-4.00 (m, IH), 3.65-3.70 (m, IH), 2.35-2.40 (m, IH), 1.60-1.75 (m, 6H), 1.50-1.55 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (CDC13): δ 176.4, 146.4, 145.6, 139.2, 131.9, 129.4, 128.5, 127.5, 127.3, 124.8, 123.6, 122.3, 113.4, 61.4, 45.7, 40.6, 30.3, 30.1, 25.72, 25.69. Example 44 : (4- { [2-(Cvclopentanecarbonyl-amino')- 1 -phenyl-ethyll -phenyl-amino } - phenvD-acetic acid (E44).
Part i: A solution of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.0072 g, 0.0079 mmol, 0.02 equiv.) and 2-(di-t-butylphospino)biphenyl (0.0058 g, 0.019 mmol, 0.055 equiv.) in dry 1,4-dioxane (4.0 ml) was heated at 100°C for 1 lA min under N2. After cooling to room temperature N7-(4-bromo-phenyl)-l,N7-diphenyl-ethane- 1,2-diamine (0.1634 g, 0.353 mmol), Cs2CO3 (1.1182 g, 3.43 mmol, 9.7 equiv.), malonic acid dimethyl ester (0.20 ml, 1.75 mmol, 4.96 equiv.) and dry 1,4-dioxane (3.0 ml) were added. The stirred reaction mixture was heated at 100°C overnight, cooled to room temperature, diluted with CH2C12 and washed with water (x 2), brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated. Purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution; CH2C12 → 5 % EtOAc in CH2C12) gave 0.130 g (72 %) of dimethyl ester.
Part II: To a solution of the dimethyl ester from part I (0.130 g, 0.253 mmol) in MeOH (7 ml) was added a solution of LiOH-H2O (0.140 g, 3.34 mmol, 13 equiv.) in water (7 ml). The mixture was made transparent by addition of more MeOH (16 ml) and H2O (3 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight and washed with CH2CI2 (discarded). The water phase was cooled to 0°C, acidified to pH 4 by HCl (1.0 M) and the solution extracted with CH2C12 (x 2). The combined organic phase was dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated leaving 0.0963 g of the diacid as a yellow solid.
Part III: A suspension of the diacid from part II (0.0963 g, 0.198 mmol) and Cu2O (0.0027 g, 0.019 mmol, 0.1 equiv.) in dry CH3CΝ (2.0 ml) was heated to 60°C under N . After 1 VA hr the temperature was lowered to 50°C and left at this temperature overnight. The solvent was removed, water and CH2C12 were added, the phases separated and the water phase acidified by HCl (1.0 M) followed by extraction with CH2C12 (x 2). The combined organic phase was dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated. Purification of the residue by column chromatography on silica gel using CH C12 and 5 % MeOH in CH2C12 as eluent gave a solid which was washed several times with hexane and dried under high vacuum. This afforded 0.0103 g (7 %) of (4- { [2-(cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)- 1 -phenyl-ethyl] -phenyl-amino} -phenyl)-acetic acid, based on the amount of N7-(4-bromo-phenyl)-l,N7-diphenyl-ethane-l,2-diamine (0.1634 g, 0.353 mmol) used in part I. 1H ΝMR (CDC13): δ 7.20-7.35 (m, 7H), 7.10- 7.15 (m, 2H), 6.95-7.05 (m, 3H), 6.85-6.90 (m, 2H), 5.45 (dd, IH), 5.20 (br s, IH), 3.85-3.95 (m, IH), 3.65-3.75 (m, IH), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.25-2.40 (m, IH), 1.55-1.80 (m, 6H), 1.45-1.55 (m, 2H). 13C ΝMR (CDCI3): δ 176.8, 176.2, 147.0, 146.9, 140.5, 130.7, 129.8, 129.0, 128.1, 127.9, 127.3, 124.6, 123.3, 122.4, 62.0, 46.3, 41.6, 40.4, 30.8, 30.7, 26.3.
Example 45: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(4-amino-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2- phenyl-ethyl } -amide (E4S) .
Prepared according to the procedure in Example 40, step N, with the exception that 9.3 equiv. of LiHMDS was used. Purified by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution; hexane -» 90 % EtOAc in hexane). Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2- [(4-bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl-ethyl}-amide (0.2985 g, 0.644 mmol) afforded 0.1107 g (36 %) of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(4-amino-phenyl)-phenyl- amino]-2-phenyl-ethyl} -amide. 1H ΝMR (CDCI3): δ 7.20-7.25 (m, 5H), 7.10 (t, 2H), 6.60-6.80 (m, 7H), 5.35-5.40 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.90 (m, IH), 3.60-3.70 (m, 3H), 2.35-2.40 (m, IH), 1.60-1.75 (m, 6H), 1.50-1.55 (m, 2H). 13C ΝMR (CDCI3): δ 176.2, 149.4, 144.3, 139.7, 134.4, 130.7, 128.8, 128.2, 127.7, 127.2, 117.7, 115.8, 115.5, 60.9, 45.7, 41.1, 30.1, 25.7.
Example 46: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-r(4-methanesulfonylamino-phenvD- phenyl-aminol -2-phenyl-ethyl } -amide (E46) .
Prepared according to the procedure in Example 42, step II, with the exception that 1.18 equiv. of dry pyridine and 1.21 equiv. of methanesulfonyl chloride were used. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution; CH C12 - 4.5 % MeOH) gave a discoloured solid which was dissolved in CH2C12, and decolourized by addition of charcoal, filtered through celite and concentrated. Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(4-amino-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2~phenyl-ethyl}- amide (0.1052 g, 0.263 mmol) afforded 0.0579 g (46 %) of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(4-methanesulfonylamino-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl-ethyl} -amide as a pale pink solid. 1HNMR (CDC13): δ 7.20-7.25 (m, 5H), 6.85-7.10 (m, 9H), 5.45-5.50 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.95 (m, IH), 3.70-3.90 (m, IH), 2.95 (s, 3H), 2.35-2.40 (m, IH), 1.65-1.75 (m, 6H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (CDC13): δ 176.6, 145.6, 144.6, 138.8, 130.3, 129.5, 129.3, 128.7, 128.5, 127.6, 123.9, 123.3, 122.4, 61.7, 45.6, 40.7, 39.0, 30.18, 30.15, 25.68, 25.66.
Example 47 : 3 - { f 2-(Cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)- 1 -phenyl-ethyl] -phenyl-amino I - phenvD-acetic acid (EAT).
Step I: (3-Bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amine.
Prepared according to the procedure in Example 43, step I using 3-bromo-phenylarnine (1.558 g , 9 mmol) to afford 1.750 g (78%) of (3-bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amine after purification by column chromatography on silica gel using 30 % CH2C12 in hexane as eluent. 1H NMR (CDC13): δ 7.25-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.20 (t, IH), 7.05-7.10 (m, 3H), 6.95- 7.00 (m, 2H), 6.90-6.95 (m, IH), 5.70 (br s, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): δ 144.8, 141.8, 130.5, 129.4, 123.3, 123.0, 122.0, 119.4, 118.8, 115.4.
Step II: [(3-Bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-phenyl-acetonitrile.
Prepared according to the procedure in Example 40, step I with the exception that the reaction was stirred for 3 days at 40°C in the presence of molecular sieves (3A, 2.7 g) and that sat. NaHCO3 was used instead of water in the workup. The product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (hexane, 20 % CH2C12 in hexane and 50 % CH2C12 in hexane). (3-Bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amine (1.36 g, 5.5 mmol) to afford 1.87 g (34 %) of [(3-bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-phenyl-acetonitrile as a yellow oil. 1H NMR (CDC13): δ 7.40-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.35 (m, 5H), 7.00-7.20 (m, 6H), 6.80 (br dt, IH), 6.05 (s, IH).
Step III: N7-(3-Bromo-phenyl)-l,N -diphenyl-ethane-l,2-diamine.
Prepared according to the procedure in Example 40, step III. The product was purified by column chromatography using CH2C12 and 5 % MeOH in CH2CI2. [(3-Bromo- phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-phenyl-acetonitrile (0.604 g, 1.66 mmol) affording 0.282 g (46 %) of N7-(3-bromo-phenyl)-l,N7-diphenyl-ethane-l,2-diamine. 1H ΝMR (CDC13): δ 8.50 (br s, 2H), 6.70-7.35 (m, 14H), 5.80 (br t, IH), 3.75-3.90 (m, IH), 3.35 (br s, IH).
Step IV: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(3-bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl- ethyl} -amide.
Prepared according to the procedure in Example 40, step IN, with the exception that the reaction mixture was diluted with CH2CI2 and washed with water, 0.01 M HCl (x 2), sat. ΝaHCθ3 (x 2), brine, dried (MgSO ), filtered and concentrated. Purification by dry- flash on silica gel using CH C12 as eluent. N^β-Bromo-phenyi ijN^diphenyl-ethane- 1, 2-diamine (0.2820 g, 0.768 mmol) afforded 0.262 g (74 %) of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(3-bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl-ethyl}-amide as a white solid. 1H ΝMR (CDCI3): δ 7.20-7.30 ( , 8H), 7.10 (br t, IH), 6.95-7.05 (m, 4H), 6.85 ( br d, IH), 5.50 (dd, IH), 5.35 (br t, IH), 4.00 (ddd, IH), 3.70 (ddd, IH), 2.35-2.40 (m, IH), 1.70-1.80 (m, 6H), 1.50-1.60 (m, 2H).
Step N: (3 - { [2-(Cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)- 1 -phenyl-ethyl] -phenyl-amino} -phenyl)- acetic acid (E47).
Part I: Prepared according to the procedure in Example 44, part I, with the exception that 0.01 equiv. tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and 0.024 equiv. 2-(di-t- butylphospino)biphenyl were used. The crude product, containing a mixture of mono and diester, was used without further purification in part II. Part II: To a solution of the crude product from part I (0.126 g, ~ 0.24 mmol) in MeOH (10 ml) was added LiOH-H2O (0.10 g, 2.4 mmol, -10 equiv.) and a small amount of water. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight, concentrated and dissolved in CH2CI2 (10 ml) followed by addition of 1.0 M HCl (10 ml). The phases were separated and the organic phase was dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated. The crude product was used in part III without further purification.
Part III: A suspension of the crude product from part II (0.085 g, 0.17 mmol) and CU2O (0.0044 g, 0.031 mmol, 0.18 equiv.) in dry CH3CN (2.0 ml) was heated at 60°C overnight under N2. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was concentrated. The residue was added 3.0 M HCl (10 ml) and water(10 ml). The water phase was extracted with CH2C12, the organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated. Purification by column clπomatography on silica gel using 2 % MeOH in CH2C12 as eluent. This afforded 0.0086 g (6 %) of (3-{[2-(cyclopentanecarbonyl- amino)-l-phenyl-ethyl]-phenyl-amino}-phenyl)-acetic acid, based on the amount of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(3-bromo-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl-ethyl}- amide (0.150 g, 0.324 mmol) used in part I. 1HNMR (CDCI3) δ 7.15-7.30 (m, 8H), 6.80-7.00 (m, 6H), 5.45-5.55 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.95 (m, IH), 3.65-3.75 (m, IH), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.35-2.45 (m, IH), 1.50-1.75 (m, 8H). 13C NMR (CDC13): δ 177.1, 175.8, 147.7, 147.0, 140.3, 135.5, 129.8, 129.0, 128.2, 128.0, 124.1, 124.0, 123.4, 123.0, 121.8, 62.0, 46.2, 41.6, 41.4, 30.8, 30.7, 30.2, 26.3.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SCINTISTRIP GR BINDING ASSAY Introduction
The scintistrip assay differs from a traditional hormone-binding assay by not requiring the removal of free tracer prior to the measurement of receptor bound tracer. The scintillating agent is in the polystyrene forming the incubation vial and thus a radioactive molecule in the close proximity to the surface will induce scintillation of the plastic. For 3[H]-labeled ligands, the distance between the free tracer and the scintillating polystyrene surface is too far to induce scintillation of the plastic while 3 [H] -labeled ligands bound to receptors immobilized on the surface are close enough to induce scintillation1 thus enabling a convenient way to measure the competition between a non-radioactive glucocorticoid receptor interacting agent (the compound to be tested) and a fixed concentration of tracer (3[H]-dexamethasone).
Materials and Methods
3[Hj-dexamethasone was purchased from New England Nuclear, Boston, MA. The scintistrip wells (1450-419) and the scintillation counters (Microbeta™ 1450-Plus and 1450-Trilux) were all from Wallac, Turku, Finland. Human glucocorticoid receptors (hGR) were extracted from the nuclei from SF9-cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus transfer vector containing the cloned hGR genes. Recombinant baculovirus was generated utilizing the BAC-TO-BAC expression system (Life Technonlogies) in accordance to instruction from the supplier. The hGR coding sequences were cloned into a baculovirus transfer vector by standard techniques. The recombinant baculoviruses expressing hGR were amplified and used to infect SF9 cells. Infected cells were harvested 48 hr post infection. A nuclear fraction was obtained as described in Barkhem et al. 1991 (J Steroid Biochem. Molec Biol. 38, 667-75) and the nuclei were extracted with a high-salt buffer (17 mM K2HPO4, 3 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM MgCl2, 0.5 mM EDTA, 6 mM MTG, 400 mM KCl, 8.7% Glycerol). The concentration of hGR's in the extract was measured as specific 3[H]-dexamethasone binding with the 025-assay3 and was determined to contain 400 pmols specific bound 3[H]- dexamethasone/mL nuclear extract in the case of hGR-alpha and 1000 pmols/mL nuclear for hGR-beta. The total concentration of proteins (as determined with Bradford Reagent, Bio-Rad according to instructions from manufacturer) in the nuclear extracts were « 2 mg/mL. The equilibrium binding constant (Kd) for [3H]-dexamethasone to hGR in solution was determined to 0.05 nM for hGR-alpha and to 0.07 nM for hGR- beta with the G25-assay for highly diluted extracts (hGR « 0.1 nM). The extracts were aliquoted and stored at -80°C.
The scintistrip assay1. The nuclear extracts were diluted (50 fold for hGR-alpha and 110 fold for hGR-beta) in a coating buffer (17 mM K2HPO4, 3 mM KH2PO4, 40 mM KCl, 6 mM MTG). The diluted extracts were added to Scintistrip wells (200 μL/well) and incubated 18-20 h. The estimated final concentration of immobilized hGR in all experiments was ∞l nM. All incubations were performed in a solution of 17 mM K2HPO4, 3 mM KH2PO4, 140 mM KCl, and 6 mM MTG (buffer A). The wells were washed twice after hGR coating with 250 μL buffer prior to addition of the incubation solution. All steps were carried out at room temperature (22-25 °C).
Determination of Equilibrium binding constants to immobilized hGR:s: Dilutions of 3[H]-dexamethasone in buffer ± Triton XI 00 were added to the wells (200 μL/well), the wells were incubated for 3 h and then measured for radioactive counts with a Microbeta. After the measurement, an aliquot of the buffer was taken out and measured by regular liquid scintillation counting for determination of the "free" fraction of 3[H]-dexamethasone. In order to correct for non-specific binding, parallel incubations were done in presence of a 200-fold excess of unlabeled dexamethasone. The equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) were calculated as free concentration of 3 [H] -dexamethasone at half maximum binding by fitting the data to the Hill equation; b = (braax x Ln)/(Ln+Kd n), where b is specific bound 3[H] -dexamethasone, bmax is the maximum binding level, L is the free concentration of [3H]dexamethasone,and n is the Hill coefficient (the Hill equation equals the Michaelis-Menten equation when n = 1). The equilibrium binding constants were calculated to 0.15 - 0.2 nM for both hGR subtypes. Regular competition binding: Samples containing 3 nM [3 H] -dexamethasone plus a range of dilutions of the compounds to be tested were added to wells with immobilized hGR and incubated for 18-20 h at room temperature. The compounds to be tested were dissolved in 100%) DMSO to a concentration 50 fold higher than the desired final concentration, the final concentration of DMSO was thus 2% in all samples. For compounds able to displace 3[H] -dexamethasone from the receptor an IC50- value (the concentration required to inhibit 50%) of the binding of 3[H] -dexamethasone) was determined by a non-linear four parameter logistic model; b = ((bmax- bmin)/(l+(I IC5o)s))+bmin, where I is added concentration of binding inhibitor, IC50 is the concentration of inhibitor at half maximal binding, and S is a slope factor.1 For determinations of the concentration of 3[H] -dexamethasone in the solutions, regular scintillation counting in a Wallac Rackbeta 1214 was performed using the scintillation cocktail Supermix™ (Wallac).
The Microbeta-instrument generates the mean cpm (counts per minute) value / minute and corrects for individual variations between the detectors, thus generating corrected cpm values. It was found that the counting efficiency between detectors differed with less than five percent.
References
1) Haggblad, J, Carlsson, B, Kivela, P, Siitari, H, (1995) Biotechniques 18, 146-151
2) Barkhem, T, Carlsson, B, Simons, J, Moller, B, Berkenstam, A, Gustafsson J.A.G, Nilsson, S. (1991 ) J. Steroid Biochem. Molec Biol. 38, 667-75
3) Salomonsson, M, Carlsson, B, Haggblad, J, (1994) J. Steroid Biochem. Molec. Biol. 50, 313-318
4) Schultz, J.R, Ruppel, P.I, Johnson, M.A, (1988) in Biopharmaceutical Statistics for Drug Development (Peace, K.E, Ed.) pp. 21-82, Dekker, New York
The compounds of Examples 1-32 exhibit binding affinities to the glucocorticoid receptor in the range of IC50 5 to 10,000 nM.

Claims

1. A compound of formula I :
Figure imgf000054_0001
wherein,
R, is selected from hydrogen, aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl;
R2 and R3 are each independently selected from aryl and heteroaryl;
R5 is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl;
R4 and R6 are each independently selected from hydrogen and methyl;
X is selected from [-(C=O)-], [-(C-O)-NH-], and [-(C=O)-O-];
n, m, and q are integers, each independently selected from zero (0) and one (1);
Ri and R2, together with the nitrogen to which they are bound may optionally be part of a heteroaryl group, provided that Ri is not hydrogen; the bond between Ci and C2 is either a single or double bond;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and isomers thereof.
2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R4 and R6 are hydrogen.
3. A compound according to claim 1 or 2 wherein m is 1.
4. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein R2 is aryl and q=0 (zero).
5. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein R[ is selected from aryl and heteroaryl.
6. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein Ry and R2 are independently selected from aryl and heteroaryl, optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, nitro, amino, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino and carboxymethyl.
7. In another embodiment of the present invention, there are provided compounds according to formula I wherein R3 is selected from aryl and heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, nitro, amino, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino and carboxymethyl.
8. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein R5 is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, nitro, amino, cyano, carboxy, acyl, methanesulfonylamino and carboxymethyl. A compound of claim 1 which is:
N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-ethyl)-2-thiophen-2-yl-acetamide
(El);
N-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylaminoethyl) isobutyramide (E2);
N-(2-Phenyl-2-ρhenylaminoethyl) thiophen-2-yl-acetamide (E3);
3 , 5 -Dinitro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzamide (E4) ;
N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-acetamide (E13);
N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-isobutyramide (E14);
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (2-diphenylamine-2-phenyl-vinyl)- amide (E15);
Furan-2-carboxylic acid (2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-amide
(E16);
N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-benzamide (E17);
N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl)-acetamide (E18);
N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl)-isobutyramide (E19);
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl-ethyl)- amide (E20);
Furan-2-carboxylic acid (2-diphenylamino-2-phenyl)-amide (E21);
2-Cyclopentyl-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-acetamide
(E22);
Furan-2-carboxylic acid (2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-amide
(E23);
2-Chloro-2-phenyl-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) acetamide
(E24);
N-((2-phenyl)-2-phenylamino-ethyl) benzamide (E25);
N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) acetamide (E26);
2-Chloro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) acetamide (E27);
2,2-Diclιloro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) acetamide (E28);
N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) propionamide (E29);
3-Chloro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) propionamide (E30); Hexanoic acid (2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl) amide (E31); Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)- amide (E33);
N-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzamide (E34); (2- { [(2-Benzoylamino-l -phenyl-ethyl)-phenyl-amino]-methyl} - furan-3 -carboxylic acid (E37);
N-(2-Diphenylamino-2-phenyl-vinyl)-2-thiophen-2-yl-acetamide (E38);
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(3-methanesulfonylamino- phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl-ethyl}-amide (E39); Acetic acid 4-[2-(cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)-l-diphenylamino- ethylj-phenyl ester (E40);
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-(3-bromo-phenyl)-2- diphenylamino-ethyl]-amide (E41); Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [2-diphenylamino-2-(3- methanesulfonylamino-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide (E42); Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(4-bromo-phenyl)-phenyl- amino] -2-phenyl-ethyl } -amide (E43) ;
(4- { [2-(Cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)- 1 -phenyl-ethyl] -phenyl- amino }-phenyl)-acetic acid (E44);
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(4-amino-phenyl)-phenyl-amino]- 2-phenyl-ethyl} -amide (E45);
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid {2-[(4-methanesulfonylamino- phenyl)-phenyl-amino]-2-phenyl-ethyl} -amide (E46); 3 - { [2-(Cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)- 1 -phenyl-ethyl] -phenyl- amino }-phenyl)-acetic acid (E47).
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and isomers thereof.
10. A compound of formula I :
Figure imgf000058_0001
wherein,
Ri is selected from hydrogen, aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl;
R2 and R3 are each independently selected from aryl and heteroaryl;
R5 is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl;
R and Rg are each independently selected from hydrogen and methyl;
X is [-(S02)-].
n, m, and q are integers, each independently selected from zero (0) and one (1);
Ri and R2, together with the nitrogen to which they are bound may optionally be part of a heteroaryl group, provided that Ri is not hydrogen;
the bond between Cj. and C2 is either a single or double bond; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and isomers thereof.
11. The use according to claim 10, wherein said compound is:
4-Methyl-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide (E5);
N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide (E6);
4-Fluoro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide (E7);
2-Methyl-5-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsmfamoyl)-furan-3- carboxylic acid methyl ester (E8);
3-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl)-thiophene-2- carboxylic acid methyl ester (E9);
2,5-Dimethyl-4-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl)-furan-3- carboxylic acid methyl ester (E10);
l,2-Dimethyl-lH-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (2-phenyl-2- phenylamino-ethyl)-amide (Ell);
3-Cyano-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide (E12);
N- [2-(Ethyl-phenylamino)-2-phenyl-ethyl] -4-methyl- benzenesulfonamide (E32). N-[2-(Benzyl-phenyl-amino-)-2-phenyl-ethyl]-4-methyl- benzenesulfonamide (E35);
4-( {Phenyl- [ 1.phenyl-2-(toluene-4-sulfonylamino)-ethyl] -amino } - methyl)-benzoic acid (E36);
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and isomers thereof.
12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as defined in any of claims 1 to 11 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
13. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 12, wherein said compound is:
N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide (E6);
4-Fluoro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide
(E7);
2-Methyl-5-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl)-furan-3- carboxylic acid methyl ester (E8);
3-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl)-thiophene-2- carboxylic acid methyl ester (E9);
2,5-Dimemyl-4-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl)-furan-3- carboxylic acid methyl ester (E10); l,2-Dimethyl-lH-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (2-phenyl-2- phenylamino-ethyl)-amide (Ell);
3-Cyano-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide
(E12);
N-[2-(Ethyl-phenylamino)-2-phenyl-ethyl]-4-methyl- benzenesulfonamide (E32);
N-[2-(Benzyl-phenyl-amino-)-2-phenyl-ethyl]-4-methyl- benzenesulfonamide (E35); 4-( {Phenyl- [ 1.phenyl-2-(toluene-4-sulfonylamino)-ethyl] -amino } - methyl)-benzoic acid (E36);
14. A process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising combining a compound as defined in any of claims 1 to 11 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
15. The process according to claim 14, wherein said compound is: N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide (E6); 4-Fluoro-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide (E7);
2-Methyl-5-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl)-furan-3- carboxylic acid methyl ester (E8); 3-(2-Phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl)-thiophene-2- carboxylic acid methyl ester (E9);
2,5-Dimethyl-4-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethylsulfamoyl)-furan-3- carboxylic acid methyl ester (E10); l,2-Dimethyl-lH-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (2-phenyl-2- phenylamino-ethyl)-amide (Ell);
3-Cyano-N-(2-phenyl-2-phenylamino-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide (E12);
N- [2-(Ethyl-phenylamino)-2-phenyl-ethyl] -4-methyl- benzenesulfonamide (E32);
N- [2-(Benzyl-phenyl-amino-)-2-phenyl-ethyl] -4-methyl- benzenesulfonamide (E35);
4-( {Phenyl- [ 1.phenyl-2-(toluene-4-sulfonylamino)-ethyl]-amino } - methyl)-benzoic acid (E36);
16. A method of eliciting an glucocorticoid receptor modulation effect in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as defined in any of claims 1 to 11.
17. The method according to claim 16 wherein the glucocorticoid receptor modulation effect is an agonizing effect.
18. The method according to claim 16 wherein the glucocorticoid receptor modulation effect is a partial agonizing effect.
19. The method according to claim 16 wherein the glucocorticoid receptor modulation effect is a trans-repressive effect without, or with only a minimal, transactivating effect.
20. The method according to claim 19 wherein the glucocorticoid receptor modulation effect is a dissociated effect causing trans-repression of AP-1 and/or NF-kb without transactivation through glucocorticoid response elements.
21. The method according to claim 16 wherein the glucocorticoid receptor modulation effect is an antagonizing effect.
22. A method of treating or preventing a disease regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor in a mammal in need thereof by administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as defined in any of the claims 1 to 11.
23. A method of treating or preventing inflammatory diseases in a mammal in need thereof by administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11.
24. A method according to claim 17 wherein the inflammatory disease is: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, allergy, asthma, pneumonia, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, lupus, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, congenital neutropenia, Wegener's granulomatosis, Addison's Disease, Crohn's disease, or Gushing Syndrome.
25. A method of treating a mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as defined in any of claims 1 to 11, as immunosuppressants in organ transplantation.
26. The use of a compound as defined in any of claims 1 to 11 in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases by eliciting an glucocorticoid receptor modulation effect.
27. The use according to claim 26 wherein the glucocorticoid receptor modulation effect is an agonizing effect.
28. The use according to claim 26 wherein the glucocorticoid receptor modulation effect is a partial agonizing effect.
29. The use according to claim 26 wherein the glucocorticoid receptor modulation effect is a trans-repressive effect without, or with only a minimal, transactivating effect.
30. The use according to claim 26 wherein the glucocorticoid receptor modulation effect is a dissociated effect causing trans-repression of AP-1 and/or NF-kb without transactivation through glucocorticoid response elements.
31. The use according to claim 26 wherein the glucocorticoid receptor modulation effect is an antagonizing effect.
32. The use of a compound as defined in any of claims 1 to 11 in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor.
33. The use of a compound as defined in any of claims 1 to 11 in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of inflammatory diseases.
34. The use according to claim 33 wherein the of inflammatory disease is rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, allergy, asthma, pneumonia, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, lupus, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, congenital neutropenia, Wegener's granulomatosis, Addison's Disease, Crohn's disease, and Gushing Syndrome.
35. The use of a compound as defined in any of claims 1 to 11 in the preparation of a medicament useful as immunosuppressants in organ transplantations.
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DATABASE STN INTERNATIONAL [Online] File CAPLUS, CAPLUS accession no. 1997:479851, Document no. 127:175995 ; 2003 MALIGRES, PETER E. ET AL: "Nosylaziridines: activated aziridine electrophiles" XP002257358 & TETRAHEDRON LETTERS (1997), 38(30), 5253-5256, *
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DATABASE STN INTERNATIONAL [Online] File CHEMCATS, CHEMCATS accession no. 2001:531890; 15 November 2001 (2001-11-15) "Benzenesulfonamide, 4-chloro-N-(2-((2-methylphenyl)amino)-2-ph enylethyl)-" XP002257363 *
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DATABASE STN INTERNATIONAL [Online] File CHEMCATS, CHEMCATS accession no. 2001:531899; 15 November 2001 (2001-11-15) "Benzenesulfonamide, 4-chloro-N-(2-((3-methylphenyl)amino)-2-ph enylethyl)-" XP002257361 *
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005040127A1 (en) * 2003-10-27 2005-05-06 Lg Life Sciences Ltd. Novel compounds as agonist for ppar gamma and ppar alpha, method for preparation of the same, and pharmaceutical composition containing the same
KR100706600B1 (en) 2004-11-25 2007-04-12 주식회사 엘지생명과학 Novel Compounds As Agonist For PPARgamma And PPARalpha, Method For Preparation Of The Same, And Pharmaceutical Composition Containing The Same
WO2014141110A3 (en) * 2013-03-14 2015-04-23 Curadev Pharma Pvt. Ltd. Aminonitriles as kynurenine pathway inhibitors

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