WO2003078812A1 - Compressed air energy storage system with a heat maintenance system - Google Patents
Compressed air energy storage system with a heat maintenance system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003078812A1 WO2003078812A1 PCT/EP2003/050046 EP0350046W WO03078812A1 WO 2003078812 A1 WO2003078812 A1 WO 2003078812A1 EP 0350046 W EP0350046 W EP 0350046W WO 03078812 A1 WO03078812 A1 WO 03078812A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- air
- power transmission
- compressed air
- valve arrangement
- energy storage
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/08—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
- F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
Definitions
- This invention relates to a compressed air energy storage system (CAES) and a system for keeping the power transmission of the CAES system warm, in particular the rotor of the power transmission during standby mode.
- CAES compressed air energy storage system
- CAES systems store energy through compressed air in a cavern outside of peak times. Electrical energy is generated at peak times by directing compressed air from the cavern to one or more turbines.
- the power transmission includes at least one combustion chamber that heats the compressed air to an appropriate temperature.
- a CAES unit can be started several times a week to cover energy needs during peak periods. In order to meet the power requirement, the ability of the power transmission to start up quickly is imperative to meet the requirements in the energy supply market. Fast load ramps during start-up, however, expose the power transmission to high thermal loads due to heat compensation processes. This can have an impact on the service life of the power transmission, since the service life decreases with increasing heat compensation processes.
- the power transmission is exposed to heat loss and temperature compensation in the components through heat conduction. An inflow of cold air through the rotor seals contributes significantly to the heat loss. The longer the readiness lasts, the lower the temperatures of the components and the greater the thermal loads during start-up.
- the power transmission consists of two gas turbines with a high and
- the turbines are arranged on a single shaft.
- the power transmission is equipped with a standby gasification burner, which is arranged upstream of the high pressure turbine.
- the standby gasification burner is operated in a continuous or discontinuous mode depending on the high pressure housing temperature. This maintains a minimum temperature of the housings, rotor, fixed and moving blades, and other components during standby obtained, and the heat loads during start-up are reduced.
- the standby burner is suitable for preventing an undesired cooling down of the power transmission.
- operating a standby gasification burner for this purpose has the following disadvantages:
- the purge process removes heat from the turbine. This counteracts the purpose of keeping warm.
- the burner requires a fuel distribution system, which must be taken into account in the safety concept of the system.
- the burner emissions can influence the operating license of the system.
- FIG. 1 A basic structure of a CAES power plant is shown in Figure 1.
- the system comprises a cavern 1 for storing compressed air.
- a heat exchanger 2 preheats air from the cavern 1 before it is directed to an air turbine 3.
- the air turbine 3 leads into the combustion chamber 4, where the air is reheated.
- the reheated air expands further in the low-pressure turbine 5.
- It can be reinforced
- Firing in an auxiliary burner 6 can be used to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas before it enters the heat exchanger 2 on the combustion gas side.
- the air flow to the heat exchanger 2 and to the air turbine 3 is controlled by valve arrangements 8 and 9, respectively. Summary of the invention
- the object of the invention to provide a system for keeping the power transmission of a CAES system warm during standby, which reduces the heat loads of the power transmission.
- the system for keeping warm should avoid the disadvantages that occur in the systems that have been described in the prior art. That is, the disadvantages associated with the use of a standby gasification burner and the necessary purging associated therewith are to be avoided or reduced, and the system is to enable improved temperature control of the medium which keeps the power transmission warm.
- the system for keeping warm should enable the turbines to start up at starting material temperatures which are higher than in the described prior art.
- the thermal loads on the rotor during startup should be reduced compared to the prior art. Overall, the system for keeping warm should enable shorter start-up times and an extended service life for the components.
- the disclosure of the invention shows a new approach to keeping the power transmission of a CAES system warm during standby.
- a CAES system comprises a storage cavern for compressed air, a power transmission with a rotor and one or a plurality of expansion turbines and a system that supplies the power transmission with the compressed air from the cavern, this system including a heat exchanger for preheating the compressed air and a first valve arrangement that controls the preheated air flow from the heat exchanger to the power transmission.
- the CAES system comprises a warming system which comprises the heat exchanger and / or an electrical auxiliary air heater.
- An air stream is directed to the electrical auxiliary air heater, preheated by the air heater, and directed to the transmission of power to keep it warm.
- the system further includes a second valve assembly arranged to either control air flow to the electric air heater or to control air flow away from the electric air heater and to power transmission. The system is used to preheat the airflow for the purpose of keeping the power transmission warm above a minimum temperature during standby.
- the warming system receives air from the cavern or from another source and warms it either by heat transfer in the heat exchanger or by additional heating in the electric auxiliary air heater or only by heating in the auxiliary air heater to a predetermined temperature.
- the air flow to the warming system and to the expansion turbines is controlled by the first and second valve arrangements.
- the heat exchanger and / or the electrical auxiliary air heater of this warming system can / can be activated at any time.
- the various measures associated with the operation of a standby Gasification burners such as purging using cavern air, operating a fuel distribution and combustion system, and maintaining a safety concept and controlling emissions from the burner are no longer an issue. Instead, the safety concept of the system is simplified because no additional fuel distribution system and no additional burner operation are necessary. Furthermore, the temperature control of the warming system is realized directly by modulating the electrical heating power to the electrical air heater.
- Figure 1 shows a basic structure of a compressed air energy storage system.
- FIG. 2 shows a first variant of the warming system according to the invention, which is used in a system according to the structure of Figure 1.
- FIG. 3 shows a second variant of the warming system.
- Figure 4 shows a third variant of the warming system.
- FIG. 5 shows a diagram which reveals the calculated temperatures at two selected points on the rotor which cools down during the standby mode.
- the electric auxiliary air heater 11 is installed so that it bypasses a valve arrangement 8, which the supply of preheated air to the air expansion turbine
- Temperature control can easily be carried out by controlling the heating power of the additional electrical heating device 11.
- the air flow through the auxiliary air heater is controlled by a valve arrangement 10 while the valve 8 is closed.
- a second variant of the invention is shown in FIG. 3 and is similar to the first variant.
- the air is led from the storage cavern 1 to the electric auxiliary air heater 11, while the air flow is controlled by the second valve arrangement 10.
- the valve arrangement 10 and the electrical auxiliary heater 11 bypass both the heat exchanger 2 and the first valve arrangement 8.
- a rise in temperature of the air takes place only in the electric air heater 11.
- the advantage of this solution compared to variant 1 is a simplified construction of the heater, since the heater 11 does not have to withstand high inlet temperatures.
- the warming system can be operated independently of the warm air temperatures in the heat exchanger.
- FIG. 5 An example of calculated heat losses and the resulting cooling temperatures after stopping the power transmission at different rotor positions and for different leakage air flows is shown in FIG. 5. It shows the development of temperatures as a function of time at two selected points on the surface in the warm region of the rotor. The solid curves correspond to the temperatures of the first selected point and the broken curves correspond to the temperatures of the second selected point on the rotor. During the standby operation of the turbine, cold ambient air penetrates through the gland seals, and the temperatures at the two points fall in accordance with the three pairs of curves I, II and III for different situations with or without heat flow.
- the curve pair I shows the cooling of the rotor as a function of the standby time with a high estimated leakage heat flow through the gland seals and thus the fastest cooling rate compared to the curve pairs II or III.
- pair of curves II shows the cooling of the rotor with a low estimated leakage heat flow.
- the pair of curves III shows the cooling of the rotor only with cooling by the bearing and without leakage heat flow through the gland seals and thus the slowest cooling rate.
- the curves show that the rate of cooling can be significantly slowed down if the amount of leakage heat flow is reduced by introducing heat flow near the seals and / or by preventing cold ambient air from entering through the seals.
- gland seals which consist of several sealing rings, are arranged so that they seal a high-pressure space from the outside environment and prevent leakage currents to the outside. For example, they are located at the low pressure end of the turbine.
- these gland seals are used to prevent cold air from flowing into the turbine from the environment.
- Inflow of warm air at the locations of the gland seals not only serves to keep the rotor warm, but also to provide a type of warm curtain that prevents cold air from entering the turbine.
- the air must continue to be preheated for this purpose, for example by one of the arrangements described above. If the Preheated air penetrates the seal, it flows partly into the turbine housing and partly into the environment, which prevents cold ambient air from entering the turbine.
- the preheated air is directed to the rotor at the locations of the gland seals and in particular between the individual sealing rings of the gland seal.
- the warm air can be directed to a location in the immediate vicinity of the stuffing box.
- the warming systems described in this disclosure are not exhaustive.
- the warming system can also extract air from a turbine, for example.
- the turbine bypass can also bypass the heat exchanger.
- the chosen location for air extraction depends on the optimal balance of the system layout planning for each individual CAES power plant.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003219149A AU2003219149A1 (en) | 2002-03-20 | 2003-03-10 | Compressed air energy storage system with a heat maintenance system |
EP03714943A EP1485591A1 (en) | 2002-03-20 | 2003-03-10 | Compressed air energy storage system with a heat maintenance system |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US36562402P | 2002-03-20 | 2002-03-20 | |
US60/365,624 | 2002-03-20 | ||
CH18542002 | 2002-11-05 | ||
CH1854/02 | 2002-11-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003078812A1 true WO2003078812A1 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
Family
ID=28042587
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2003/050046 WO2003078812A1 (en) | 2002-03-20 | 2003-03-10 | Compressed air energy storage system with a heat maintenance system |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1485591A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003219149A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003078812A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH696979A5 (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2008-02-29 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Power unit with gas turbine and compressed air store has stored fluid heat supply unit upstream from the pressure release device |
CN100412415C (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2008-08-20 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Heat exchanger structure of automatic transmission |
DE102008050244A1 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2010-04-15 | Tronsoft Gmbh | Energy decentrally supplying method for air-conditioning e.g. residential facility, involves controlling block storage forced heating and cooling function control unit, energy supply, energy storage and energy production with strategies |
WO2011038131A3 (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-07-21 | Brightearth Technologies, Inc. | System for underwater compressed fluid energy storage and method of deploying same |
WO2013037655A1 (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Air turbine system and corresponding method |
DE102015202829A1 (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2016-08-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Compressed air storage power plant and method for operating a compressed air storage power plant |
US9557079B2 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2017-01-31 | Bright Energy Storage Technologies, Llp | System and method for storing thermal energy |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE888335C (en) * | 1941-05-16 | 1953-08-31 | Aeg | Device for power control of constant pressure gas turbine systems |
DE2263102A1 (en) * | 1972-12-22 | 1974-06-27 | Kraftwerk Union Ag | GAS TURBINE SYSTEM WITH AIR TANK |
DE2263051A1 (en) * | 1972-12-22 | 1974-07-04 | Kraftwerk Union Ag | GAS TURBINE SYSTEM WITH UPSTANDING AIR STORAGE |
CH659855A5 (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1987-02-27 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | AIR STORAGE POWER PLANT. |
JPH0861085A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1996-03-05 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Gas turbine |
US5845479A (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 1998-12-08 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Method for providing emergency reserve power using storage techniques for electrical systems applications |
DE10235108A1 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-03-06 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Recuperator for thermal power systems, has at least one heat storage device connected before and/or after single sector in recuperator or between several sectors of recuperator |
-
2003
- 2003-03-10 WO PCT/EP2003/050046 patent/WO2003078812A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-03-10 AU AU2003219149A patent/AU2003219149A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-10 EP EP03714943A patent/EP1485591A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE888335C (en) * | 1941-05-16 | 1953-08-31 | Aeg | Device for power control of constant pressure gas turbine systems |
DE2263102A1 (en) * | 1972-12-22 | 1974-06-27 | Kraftwerk Union Ag | GAS TURBINE SYSTEM WITH AIR TANK |
DE2263051A1 (en) * | 1972-12-22 | 1974-07-04 | Kraftwerk Union Ag | GAS TURBINE SYSTEM WITH UPSTANDING AIR STORAGE |
CH659855A5 (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1987-02-27 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | AIR STORAGE POWER PLANT. |
JPH0861085A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1996-03-05 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Gas turbine |
US5845479A (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 1998-12-08 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Method for providing emergency reserve power using storage techniques for electrical systems applications |
DE10235108A1 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-03-06 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Recuperator for thermal power systems, has at least one heat storage device connected before and/or after single sector in recuperator or between several sectors of recuperator |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 07 31 July 1996 (1996-07-31) * |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH696979A5 (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2008-02-29 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Power unit with gas turbine and compressed air store has stored fluid heat supply unit upstream from the pressure release device |
CN100412415C (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2008-08-20 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Heat exchanger structure of automatic transmission |
CN101240842B (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2011-05-11 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Heat exchanger structure of automatic transmission |
DE102008050244A1 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2010-04-15 | Tronsoft Gmbh | Energy decentrally supplying method for air-conditioning e.g. residential facility, involves controlling block storage forced heating and cooling function control unit, energy supply, energy storage and energy production with strategies |
WO2011038131A3 (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-07-21 | Brightearth Technologies, Inc. | System for underwater compressed fluid energy storage and method of deploying same |
US9022692B2 (en) | 2009-09-23 | 2015-05-05 | Bright Energy Storage Technologies, Llp | System for underwater compressed fluid energy storage and method of deploying same |
US9139974B2 (en) | 2009-09-23 | 2015-09-22 | Bright Energy Storage Technologies, Llp | Underwater compressed fluid energy storage system |
US9557079B2 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2017-01-31 | Bright Energy Storage Technologies, Llp | System and method for storing thermal energy |
WO2013037655A1 (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Air turbine system and corresponding method |
DE102015202829A1 (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2016-08-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Compressed air storage power plant and method for operating a compressed air storage power plant |
EP3240945B1 (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2020-03-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Compressed air storage power plant and method for operating a compressed air storage power plant |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1485591A1 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
AU2003219149A1 (en) | 2003-09-29 |
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