WO2003069648A2

WO2003069648A2 - Fluorescent tube, realization procedure and lighting source

Info

Publication number: WO2003069648A2
Application number: PCT/RO2002/000021
Authority: WO
Inventors: Doru Cornel Sava; Aron Jinaru; Floarea Cojocaru
Original assignee: Doru Cornel Sava; Aron Jinaru; Floarea Cojocaru
Priority date: 2001-09-07
Filing date: 2002-09-06
Publication date: 2003-08-21
Also published as: RO119397B1; AU2002366702A8; WO2003069648A3; AU2002366702A1

Abstract

The invention refers to a fluorescent tube with a luminous efficiency higher than 120 lm / W, with mercury vapors at low pressure and noble gases, such as: neon, argon, krypton, xenon, with electrical powers reduced on the average with 50 - 80 % for the same lighting offered by a fluorescent tube, in itself known and equivalent as geometrical dimensions, with hot or cold cathode, that utilizes the volume of a gaseous medium contained between an exterior body (1) which is transparent and equipped on the interior with a layer (a) of luminophore, and a coaxial, interior body (2); the entire volume of the interior body (2) is not part of the electrical discharge regime; there are presented constructive solutions with ceramic pieces of enclosing of the exterior body (1) and the interior body (2), the utilization of some circular cathodes and of a gaseous medium with 1 p.p.b. of mercury.

Description

Fluorescent tube, realization procedure and lighting source

The invention refers to a fluorescent tube for electric lighting with mercury vapor at low pressures, with electric power reduced, on the average, with 25 - 75 % compared to the fluorescent tube, in itself known, equivalent as geometrical dimensions and lighting performances, and to a reahzation procedure and lighting source consisting of the fluorescent.tube, according to the invention; and the proper electrical installation.

Fluorescent tubes, also known as tubular fluorescent lamps or fluorescent lamps are in fact fluorescent tubes with mercury (Hg) vapor electrical discharge at a low pressure and generally with thermionic cathodes (filaments). Fluorescent tubes are manufactured as a straight cylinder having different lengths and diameters and as a circle, arc of circle or "U "shape tube. The usual diameters are of 36mm, 26mm, and 16mm and have lengths contained between 150mm - 1650mm.

To continue, we will specify that a lighting electric lamp consists of lighting fixture and the light-source itself (the bulb or the fluorescent tube), the present invention referring strictly at the fluorescent tube. The fluorescent tube, in itself known, consists of a glass pipe on which there is deposed on the intrados (the interior face) a fluorescent substance (or a mixture of fluorescent substances) having the form of an adherent layer of fine powder.

The pipe is enclosed at the ends through welding with some glass bonnets through which there are passing the metallic terminals that sustain through constriction the filaments (each end of the tube having two serifs and only one filament).

The center of the glass cover is endowed with a central lug boss endowed with a thin glass tube, communicating with the exterior and which thin tube is enclosed at heat after it was realized the vacuuming of the tube, generally between 10^"3 - 10^"4 torrs and the introduction of the necessary quantity of mercury and of noble gases such as: neon, argon, krypton, xenon. The extremities of the tube are endowed with classical socles for electrical connection, so that the two serifs that go out of the glass are tinned by the metallic, tubular pins meant to couple electrically the tube and which pass through electric insulating material, included in a metallic ring-shaped envelope sertizated on the extremity of the tube.

Some fluorescent tubes are endowed on the interior near the filaments with some metallic bonnets or metallic ribbons, which do not touch the filament and have more functions: - retaining of some secondary electrons, controlling heat dissipation).

The fluorescent tube functions in rating lighting through stabilization of a electric discharge in gaseous medium (rarefied gas and conditioned), generally formed from mercury and argon vapors for example, or other noble gases, or mixtures of these — neon, krypton, xenon, medium that is brought at required stage of ionization, through the utilization of thermic electrons emitted by the filament in the initial stage of heating, electrons which are subsequently accelerated, secondary electrons also being produced through impact with mercury atoms (Hg).

Mercury atoms produce uv radiation in the entire medium submissive to the discharge and the luminophore layer deposed on the glass pipe transforms the incident uv radiation into radiation with frequency in visible spectrum; generally, the principal, spectrumjadiation of the mercury has a wavelength of 2537A and it represents approximately 60% from the produced spectrum lines field.

The gaseous medium of the fluorescent tube has a certain resistivity [Ω ^■ mm /m] in cold state and another resistivity of the fluorescent tube while functioning - generally lower.

Due to the negative operating characteristic of the fluorescent tube - referring to the medium submissive to the electrical discharge - there is the increase tendency of the intensity of electric current and the reduction of electric resistance [Ω].

The electrical discharge is stabilizing through the current limitation (amperage limitation) on the supply electric circuit through inductive or capacitive ballast.

The electric resistance [Ω] of the gaseous medium on a given length is higher as the cross-section of gas column is smaller.

This description of the fluorescent tube functioning is made for a first approximation of the phenomenon, being much more complex and it is not necessary for explaining the fluorescent tube functioning of the present invention.

Into a fluorescent tube that functions stable, the gaseous medium submissive to the electrical discharge is in fact a cylindrical volume of gases (a volume comparable to the glass pipe volume) which emits into its entire mass and into the entire volume - a uv radiation, with a efficiency of approximately 60%.

It is being transformed into visible radiation by luminophore only the uv radiation front which touches the luminophore, the uv radiation produced in the rest of gas volume isn't needed.

The uv radiation front which touches the luminophore is practically represented by a tubular, cylindrical surface with a very thin wall. It is found that, the useful part, in uv photons, of the gas volume submissive to the electrical discharge can be represented by a cylindrical crown with a thin wall, the entire cylindrical volume of a gas column isn't needed.

Consequently, the electrical power necessary to ionize the entire cylindrical gas volume of the tube is higher, compared to electrical power needed to ionize only one cylindrical crown of gas of the tube.

The electric powers ratio is directly proportional with the gas volumes ratio submissive to the electrical discharge, and the electric resistances ratio (or impedances) of them is inversely proportional with the cross-section areas ratio.

In conclusion, the fluorescent tubes, in themselves known, have the disadvantage that maintain an electrical discharge of a certain electric power for a cylindrical volume of gas contained in a given tube, instead of an electrical discharge with a smaller electric power for a cylindrical crown volume of gas contained in the same given tube, (equal as length and exterior diarneter).This disadvantage is mainly given by the constructive solution of the fluorescent tubes, in themselves known, which do not permit the realization of an electrical discharge, only in a cylindrical column of gas, or more precisely in the entire volume of a cylindrical gas column and not near the volume boundary (independent from the cross-section shape in the drawing - now a days circular disk and from the rectilinear or curve shape of the geometric longitudinally axis of the column).

The technical issue that appears is the obtaining a stable electrical discharge on a thin gas boundary submissive to the electrical discharge, existing in the immediate proximity of the luminophore, without entraining the rest of gas volume from the tube at the electrical discharge.

The invention solves the technical issue through the fact that it separate, in the interior of the fluorescent tube, the cylindrical crown of gas submissive to the electrical discharge - as a thin layer - of the rest of the cylindrical volume remained, that shall not participate in the electrical discharge.

The technical solution of the invention is to mount in interior an insulating concentrically pipe, enclosed at the ends, with an exterior pipe, in itself known, so that between these there shall be defined a cylindrical crown that will contain the gas submissive to the stable electrical discharge. The interior pipe (interior tube) represents the boundary of a volume that does not participate in the electrical discharge.

To continue, the exterior pipe is named tubular, exterior body, and the interior pipe - interior body; both of them in the shape of a tubular envelope.

- The interior body represents a volume that does not participate at the electrical discharge.

The fluorescent tube realized from those two bodies shall utilize an electrical supply installation.

The installation, in itself known, will be adapted as electrical power to more reduced nominal currents, because the fluorescent tube concordant with the invention functions with a lower power then necessary to a fluorescent tube, equivalent as geometric dimensions and lighting performances.

The reduction of electrical power at the terminals of the fluorescent tube, concordant with the invention, compared to a fluorescent tube, in itself known, and equivalent as dimension and lighting, comes from the gaseous volume reduction, and not that of the specific electrical power, which remains the same, of approximately 0,05 W/ cm³ of gaseous medium.

The invention presents following advantages:

• It reduces, on the average with 25 - 75 %, the electrical power needed for the ignition and functioning of a fluorescent tube, maintaining the same lighting as flux and brightness, as the fluorescent tube, in itself known, that has the same geometric dimensions.

• It offers a range of fluorescent tubes with many economical levels, at the same length, diameter and lighting as the tubes in themselves known.

• It opens another perspective to the ignition schemes and ignition installations, especially when, for the long and very economical tubes, the necessary current decreases and the ignition and functioning tension increases (the more extended usage of the low power electronic ballast).

• It allows the approach of new materials and technologies, which could not be used yet because of the mass production "constants" that were maintained consolidated by the constructive solution, in itself known, of the fluorescent tubes.

• It generally reduces the specific mass consumption of wolfram (W) and mercury (Hg) for a large part of the manufacturing ranges.

• It can permit the realization of some fluorescent tubes with larger diameters, contained between 40 - 49mm, of the pipe that -has luminophore, offering a higher lighting at the same electrical power needed for a fluorescent tube with the same length, but with an exterior diameter of 36mm, in itself known.

• It offers the perspective of some successive and branched modernizations in the field of fluorescent tubes and fluorescent electric lighting.

There are given some examples of the invention realization, related also to Fig. 1 ....17, which represent:

Fig. 1. A perspective view_with partial fracture of the fluorescent tube in a simple constructive version.

Fig. 2. A longitudinal section through a fluorescent tube in another constructive solution.

Fig. 3. A transversal section A-A which represents the version of placing of quasi-circularly disposed filament and with the parallel mounting of the wolfram wires.

Fig. 4. A transversal section A-A that represents the version of placing of quasi -circularly disposed filament and with the mounting in series of the wolfram wires.

Fig. 5. A transversal section A-A that represents the version of placing of a grid around of a filament, quasi-circularly disposed. Fig. 6. A representation with fracture and with a partial, longitudinal section of a fluorescent tube in another constructive version, with maximized luminous efficiency.

Fig. 7. A partial, longitudinal section and local fractures through an end of a fluorescent tube with thin layer of plasma, between the concentric bodies.

Fig. 8. A transversal section B-B that represents the circularly placement version of a circularly disposed filament and with the mounting in a ceramic body.

Fig. 9. The graphic that represents a family of negative functioning characteristics for the fluorescent tubes with increasingly luminous efficiency that is proportional to the impedance.

Fig. lO.The function graphic ΔSl_-2/Sι= f (I) where Sι= transversal section surface of the exterior body (1), in cm² ; S₂ = transversal section surface of the interior body (2), in cm² ; ΔS_1-2 = the circular crown (elliptical) section surface between the exterior and interior bodies (1 and 2), in cm² and I = the intensity of the electrical discharge current, in amperes.

Fig. 11.The function graphic

f [1m / W] where f [lm / W] represents the ratio between the luminous flux, in lumens [lm] and electrical discharge power, in watts [W].

Fig. 12 The function graphic ΔS^/S^ f [∑ ^mi] where ∑ πii= the substances masses sum from the gaseous medium, submissive to the electrical discharge, in percentage.

Fig. 13. Fundamental circuit of an electrical installation, in itself known, for the fluorescent tubes, according to the invention, with cold cathode and fast ignition with tension multiplier and without ballast and starter at the frequency of 50 - 60 Hz.

Fig. 14. Fundamental circuit of an electrical installation, in itself known, for the fluorescent tubes, according to the invention, with cold cathode and fast ignition with tension multiplier and frequency between 20 - 50 kHz.

Fig. 15. Fundamental circuit of a complex, electrical installation for fluorescent tubes, according to the invention to which it is necessary the maintenance of the thermo- ionic emission of the cathodes with operating - frequencies approximately between 20- 50 kHz , and ignition with starter.

Fig. 16. Fundamental circuit of a complex, electrical installation for fluorescent tubes , according to the invention to which it is necessary the maintenance of the thermo- ionic emission of the cathodes with operating — frequencies approximately between 20-50 kHz , and fast ignition without starter.

Fig. 17. Fundamental circuit of a complex, electrical installation for fluorescent tubes, according to the invention to which it is necessary the maintenance of the thermo- ionic emission of the cathodes with operating - frequencies approximately between 20 - 50 kHz, and ignition assisted by exterior electrode.

The tube, according to the invention is formed of an exterior body 1, in the shape of a tube enclosed at the ends, in itself known, realized from transparent glass, endowed on the intrados with an adherent layer of luminophore a; and an interior body 2, in the shape of a tube enclosed at the ends concentrically placed and suspended in the interior of the exterior body 1, trough some thin, metallic supports 3, embedded at the ends of the interior body 2. There are defining for the exterior body land for the interior body 2, the followings:

Vι - the interior volume of the exterior body 1 V₂ - the interior volume of the interior body 2 St - the cross-section surface of the exterior body 1 S₂ - the cross-section surface of the interior body 2

There are defining for the fluorescent tube formed of the exterior body 1 and the interior body 2, the followings:

ΔVi, ₂ ⁼ Vt - V₂ = the difference between the volume Vi and the volume V₂.

ΔSi, ₂ = Si - S₂ = the difference between the surface Si and the surface S₂ the room b — the cylindrical crown space between the concentric walls of the exterior body 1 and the interior body 2, the room c - the interior, cylindrical space defined at each end between the exterior body 1 and the interior body 2.

The interior volume V₂ of the interior body 2 is at low pressures, lower than the atmospheric pressure, and it contain air.

The exterior body 1 is endowed at the enclosed ends and towards interior, with a filament 4, which communicates with exterior through some connecters 5 and some metallic pins for electrical contact 6.

The interior body 2 is made from transparent or opaque glass and it is shorter in length than the exterior body 1, so that between each end of the interior body 2 and a filament 4 it exists a distance of 15 - 25mm.

The cylindrical crown room b communicates with the cylindrical room c near the filament 4.

In the rooms b_and c there are mercury and argon or / and krypton gas vapors at low pressure, contained generally between 0, 1 - 3 torrs.

The exterior and interior bodies (1 and 2) have in cross-section an interior outline and an exterior outline, usually circle, or ellipse, but can also have a certain outline, on the condition that the difference on the vector radius R between the interior outline of the exterior body 1 and the exterior outline of the interior body 2 is constant. This difference shall be noted with ΔR and represents the thickness of the wall of the cylindrical crown room b.

The exterior outline of the transversal profile of the exterior body 1 can be circle, ellipse, square, rectangle or other simple or combined shapes and profiles (randomized).

The volume V₂ of the interior body 2 does not participate at the gaseous medium submissive to the initiation and operating electrical discharge.

For an exterior body 1, in the shape of a tube and enclosed at the ends, with an interior volume Vi, the volume of a cylindrical crown plasma, constituted in its interior, at a ΔR thickness of the plasma wall, is smaller than the volume of a plasma which fills the entire volume Vi; the volume of a cylindrical crown is smaller than the volume of the cylinder from which it comes.

The section of electrical discharge is a circular crown that has a surface smaller than the surface of a circle from which it comes, and that represents the section of electrical discharge of a cylindrical column.

The section of electrical discharge becomes as smaller at a given exterior diameter, as the area of the crown, with the same exterior diameter, is smaller.

The reduction of the electrical discharge section, for the same length of electrical discharge between the cathodes, means the increase of the electrical resistance of the gaseous medium, at cold, and implicitly of the ignition tension.

The volume ΔV^ ₂ is equal to the sum of the room b and the room c; Vj.₂ = b_+ c; there are subtracted the small volumes occupied by the cathodes, that are contained generally between 1-lOcm³.

The reduction of the electrical discharge section, for the same length of discharge between the cathodes, and the same gaseous medium, means the increase of the electrical resistance of the gaseous medium at cold and implicitly of the priming tension, so that the electrical resistance can increase of (1,5-4) times, and the priming tension of (1,5-4) times, the operating tension can be considered constant, although it presents a slight increase. The reduction of the electrical discharge section under the conditions mentioned above also means a reduction of the intensity of the stable discharge electrical current, the reduction being proportional.

The stable discharge electrical current is fixed at the necessary value by the inductive or capacitive ballast and it is given by the point intersection between the negative operating characteristic of the tube and the right line that defines the ballast characteristic.

In fig. 9 it is represented a family of three functioning characteristics of some fluorescent tubes with increased internal resistances.

Fig. 9 represents the variation of the intensities I [A] of the operating electrical current, the operating tension U_f [Vj, the ignition tensions Uj_g [Vj, depending on the operating characteristic Cπ , C_{f 2} and C_{f 3} of three fluorescent tubes LFTi, LFT₂ , LFT₃ with their own impedances Zpi, Z_p2 , Z_p3 of the plasma, and on the right lines D_M, D_b2, Db3 of operating characteristics of three ballasts Bi, B₂ and B₃ with their own impedances Zi, Z₂ ,and Z₃ ; the volume

decreases from the tube LFi towards the tube LF₃ ; the tubes LFi, LF₂ , LF₃ have the same exterior, geometrical dimensions, the same luminous flux and the same gaseous medium.

Thus, through the realization of a tube according to the invention, that utilizes an exterior body 1 identical with the pipe of a fluorescent tube in itself known, with the length of 1200 mm and the exterior diameter of 36 mm, and an interior body 2, formed of a glass pipe with the exterior diameter of 26 mm and a length of 1100 mm; there are obtained the followings: ΔV ΔS 0, 484 ; 0, 448

The operating current decreases from 0, 4 A to 0, 2 A at a operating tension considered constant; from where a consumed electrical power smaller with 50% than the electrical power consumed for a fluorescent tube with the volume Vi. In the tube according to the invention, in this way realized, the resistance at cold of the gaseous medium is doubling, as also the impedance at cold and at heat of the gaseous medium.

The volume Vi is of 1153 cm³ ; V₂ = 583 cm³ ; the room b volume = 510 cm³ and the room c volume - 60 cm³.

In general, also for other combinations of diameters and lengths, for the fluorescent tube according to the invention, there are obtained the following intervals of usual values:

ΔV contained from 0,25 - 0,8 ;

V!

ΔS contained from 0,22 - 0,74

the room b olume + the room c volume contained from 0,25 - 0,8

V,

The ratio of the electrical resistances or impedances, at cold, between the volumes

and Vj, that have the transversal surfaces

and Si, is from 1,5 - 4; and at heat, the impedances of plasmas have ratios initially contained between 1,5 - 4, which shall decrease toward values contained between 1,2 - 3.

The mounting of some adequate ballast for lower operating intensities is compulsory.

In fig.9 it was taken the example of a fluorescent tube, in itself known, and of two fluorescent tubes according to the invention, with the same exterior dimensions, with the same gaseous medium and the same luminous flux, but that differs among them through the reduction of the volume ΔV₁-2 between the exterior body 1 and the interior body 2, and implicitly through their impedance. Thus, for a fluorescent tube LFTi, in itself known, it was represented an operating characteristic C_f ι, the tube has an its own impedance at heat of 300Ω and the right line D_w of an inductive ballast with the impedance of 300Ω to which corresponds the operating point A, characterized by an intensity Ii, of 0,4 A and an operating tension U_f i, for example of 150 V; it also have been generically represented^* an ignition tension Ui_g i.

The tube LFTi has the volume Vi.

Another fluorescent tube LFT₂ , realized according to the invention, has a ΔV volume of gas = 0,5; has double impedance of 600 Ω and uses an

Vi inductive ballast with a double impedance of 600 Ω. The tube LFT₂ is represented through the characteristic Cβ translated towards the origin and with the marking of the ignition tension Uig_∑ level that is higher than Uj_gι, practically twice; by intersecting the negative characteristic Cf 2 with the right line Db₂ it is obtained the operating point B, characterized by an intensity I₂ of 0,2 A and an operating tension U_{f 2} of -150 V

The fluorescent tube LFT₃ with the characteristic Cf ₃ , has the operating point in C, has an impedance Z_p3 of 800 Ω at heat, corresponding to a

Δ ι_>2 gas volume = 0,37; and utilizes a ballast with the impedance Zb₃ of 800 Ω

In the point C the operating intensity is of 0,15 A and an operating tension Uf ₃ ~ 150 V, the ignition tension Uig₃ level is higher than Uj_gι of 2,6 times, on the average.

For reducing the ignition tensions Uj_g of the fluorescent tube according to the invention, will be introduced into the gaseous medium the necessary quantities of xenon gas, which has the lowest excitation and ionization potential compared to the other noble gases, except the radon that is not used at the gaseous medium from the fluorescent tubes; the partial pressures of the xenon can be contained between 0,05 - 0,6 torrs. Before the introduction of the gaseous medium into the volume ΔV^₂ between the exterior and interior bodies (1 and 2) , it will be made the extraction of the air through vacuuming until the pressures of 10^"2 - 10^" torri; simultaneously with the degassing trough warming of the ensemble at a temperature an the average of 300° C; the gaseous medium, conditioned with mercury vapors, is , introduced, at the same partial pressures and the same composition used at the fluorescent tubes, in themselves known.

The exterior body 1, in itself known, is enclosed at the ends with the glass lids 7, endowed with the vacuuming tubes 8, the definitive enclosing of the exterior body 1 with the last lid 7 is made after the enclosing of the interior body 2.

The interior body 2 is enclosed at the ends, also with a glass lid 7, endowed a glass vacuuming tube 8.

The glass, used at the exterior body 1 and the interior body 2 can be organic or inorganic.

The exterior tube 1 is endowed at the ends with an insulating board 9, of pertinax type, on which there are fixed the metallic pins 6, and with a metallic ring 10 that sertises the board 9 on the exterior body 1 extremities.

For the situations when the interior diameter of the exterior body 1 is with values of 10 - 15mm, and the interior body 2 has an exterior diameter of 6-1 lmm, the ends of the interior body 2 are enclosing through elongating and pressing at heat after the reduction of the pressure of air from the interior, under the atmospheric pressure value, until 1 torr, it is also ensured the embedding of the thin, metallic supports 3 for coaxially positioning into the interior of the exterior body 1.

The utilized noble gases have purities of 99,999 %, and for mercury the purity is of 99,9999 %, being also recommended a participation of isotope 196 Hg, from 0 - 100 %, which has an output efficiency of uv radiations higher than that of the mixture of isotopes. The second realization example of the invention related to fig.2 ....5, where it was intended the reduction of the room c space near the filaments 4 and a better charging with thermic electrons of the coronary cylindrical space of the room b between the exterior body 1 and the interior body 2.

The mechanical connection between the exterior body 1 and the interior body 2 is made at their ends through the vacuuming tubes 8, made of glass pipe with increased exterior diameter, with a thicker wall (2 - 2,5 mm); the vacuuming tubes 8 are under diametered at their ends.

The vacuuming tube 8 passes through the lids 7 of the exterior 1 and interior 2 bodies, the lids 7 are endowed with a central orifice d with thickened borders and it is hermetically welded.

One of the vacuuming tubes 8 is enclosed at one of its ends, and it is endowed with a nozzle e disposed on the circumference and at the half of the vacuuming tube 8 length.

For the extraction of the air from the interior of the interior body 2 is being used the vacuuming tube 8, opened at the end that communicates with the interior of the interior body 2 and it is enclosing at the other end. For the extraction of the air and the introduction of the gaseous medium into the volume ΔVι,2 between the exterior body 1 and the interior body 2, it is being used other vacuuming tube 8, whose nozzle e communicates with the volume

, and which tube is afterwards enclosed.

The extraction of the air from the volume V₂ of the interior body 2 is made at pressures lower than the atmospheric one, for example until 1 torr, and the volume ΔVι_-2 until pressures of 10^"2 - 10^"4 torrs.

The filament 4 is disposed on a quasi-circular outline, so that the equivalent diameter of the outline is comparable to the medium diameter of the cylindrical crown space of the room b, in which there are being produced the acceleration of the electrons and the ionization of the gaseous medium.

The filament 4 is propped up on some metallic and thin supports 11, in the shape of the Y- letter, that are embedded in the lids 7 of the exterior body 1; also through these supports 11 it is possible the forming of a filament 4, made from many bits, parallel or serially connected; the final connection is being made through the connecters 5 to the metallic pins 6.

Around the filament 4 and the vacuuming tube 8, there are being mounted some metallic shield - grids 12 and 13, which are not enclosed at the ends, in order to not function as a spire in short - circuit.

Around the filament 4 it is mounted a metallic, circular grid 12 , unenclosed at the ends. Around the vacuuming tube 8 it is mounted a metallic, circular grid 13, unenclosed at the ends. The metallic, circular grid 12 is fixed on the thin and metallic supports 11 that not sustain the filament 4.

The utilized noble gases have purities of 99,999 %, and foτ mercury the purity is of 99,9999 %, being also recommended a participation of isotope 196 Hg, from 0 - 100 %, which has an output efficiency of uv radiations higher than that of the mixture of isotopes.

Another realization example of the invention is also related to fig. 6 8, where it was intended the reduction of the room b space and the elimination of the room c , in order to obtain a reduced volume and especially a small ratio

ΔV_U , necessary for a fluorescent tube with the luminous efficiency higher than

V!

2001m/ W. There were also intended : the promotion of the constructive solution with reduction of the thermic energy consumption at the fabrication, the promotion of the ceramic marks and of the hermetical joining with adhesives or of the thermic diffusion with laser on metallized contact layer and especially the possibility to realize some fluorescent tubes with an extremely reduced quantity of mercury 10^"9 from lmg. noble gases from the volume ΔV_lι2 submissive to the stable electrical discharge.

The lids 7 of the interior body 2 are made of ceramics, each of them is endowed with the vacuuming tube 8, metallic or made from glass, placed through the central orifice d and with a capillary vacuuming tube 14, made from a metallic, thin pipe; the capillary tube 14 is radially placed on the external face of the lid 7, into a channel f. The exterior body 1 is endowed at the ends, in order to be enclosed, with an exterior, ceramic ring 15 and an interior ceramic ring 16 soldered between them and then on the lids 7 from the adequate end of the interior body 2.

The rings 16 and 17 are mechanically and hermetically assembled on a common zone g, each of them endowed with a threshold h that axially centers the interior ring 16 and the ring 17.

The interior, ceramic ring 16 is mechanically and hermetically assembled on the external face of the lid 7, on a common zone i .

For the hermetical assemblage of the exterior body 1 on the ring 15 and of the interior body 2 on the internal face of the lid 7, it is endowed a zone j limited by a threshold k, that are made at the necessary dimensions, on the exterior ring 15 and on the lid 7.

For the placement of the filament 4, it is endowed a circular channel 1, configured from the necessary processing - processing of circularly give off type- on the exterior ring 15, the interior ring 16 and the lid 7, the channel 1 is opened through a circular slot m, in order to allow the passing of the ring-shaped flux of thermic electrons emitted by the filament 4 into the cylindrical crown space of the room b between the exterior body 1 and the interior body 2.

The fixing of the filament 4, made from many bits grouped in series and in parallel, is made through the supports 11, radially embedded into the interior ring 16, near the circular channel 1.

The filament 4 supply is made from the metallic pins 6, through the connecters 5, each of them connected to a corresponding supports 11.

The zones g_^ h. and i are treated with adhesive before the assemblage of the interior ring 16 with the exterior ring 15 and the lid 7; these zones can be metallized if it is utilized the laser welding through thermic diffusion, or the assemblage combined with adhesive and welding;

The same assemblage and hermethisation is applied at the mounting of the metallic, capillary tube 14 into the channel 7 and of the vacuuming pipe 8 into the central orifice d.

In order to be allowed a good passing of the ring - shaped flux room b space between the exterior body 1 and the interior body 2, it is recommended that the extremities of the interior body 2 are reduced in diameter near the zone i on the lid 7.

The mounting of the fluorescent tube is making as it follows:

- the filaments 4 are mounted on the ring 16, through folding the free ends of the supports 11 and lightening with the filament 4 wire

- the lids 7, equipped with the vacuuming tube 8 and the capillary tube 14, are mounted at the ends of the interior body 2;

- the air is being extracted through vacuuming until the necessary pressures of 0,5 - 1 torrs and the vacuuming tubes 8 are being enclosed;

- the exterior ring 15 and the interior ring 16, both equipped with the filament 4 and the connectors 5, are assembled one with another;

- the exterior body 1, endowed with the layer a of luminophore, is concentrically placed with the interior body 2 and the zone j_. of the ring 15 is centered mounted on the exterior body 1 until the ring 16 touches the lid 7,on the zone j..

- it is ensured the hermetically sealing of the ensembles in the zones i andj; it is initiated the de gassing at heat of the volume ΔV_lj2 and the vacuuming through the capillary tubes 14 until pressures of 10^"3 - 10^"4 torrs;

- it is introduced the gaseous medium and the capillary tubes 14 are being enclosed;

- the connectors 5 are introduced through the metallic pins 6 and the insulating board 9 is approaching until it touches the end of the fluorescent tube the ring 10, in itself known is mechanically sertisated over the exterior ring 15 and the insulating board 9, and the connectors 5 are soldered , with an alloy for sealing at heat, at the extremities of the metallic pins 6.

It is recommended that the board 9 is treated with adhesive on the zones of contact with the exterior rings 15 and the interior 16 and the ring 10, for a good hermetically sealing and especially to avoid the eventual swiveling of the board 9, then the fluorescent tubes is mounted into the socles of the lighting body.

The realization of the fluorescent tube with a reduced thickness of the wall of the coronary cylindrical room b at dimensions between 0,25 mm - 1,5 mm necessitate the realization of some well calibrated marks that allows a concentric mounting with deviation of 5 % - that means mechanical tolerances of 10 μm.

The fluorescent tubes with reduced thickness practically epitaxial, of the wall of gaseous medium between the exterior body 1 and the interior body 2, are limited by the condition of maintaining constant the luminous flux emitted by a fluorescent tube, in itself known, that has the same exterior geometrical dimensions; they are also limited by technological aspects and realization cost; so that it cannot be specified the limit towards which the luminous efficiency converges and which limit would be practically placed towards 500 - 600 lm/W.

The gaseous medium pressures can be, on the average, between 0,1 - o,5 torrs, but without exceeding 4 torrs.

The mixture of gases is formed from participations of noble gases, such as: neon, argon, krypton, xenon and vapors of mercury; the consumption of substances is, on the average, between 0,5 - 3 mg noble gases at 1000 cm discharge volume and mercury from 1 mg — 4 mg at 1000 cm³ discharge volume.

For the variants in which the participation of the mercury decreases until the limit of 10^"9 from lmg. noble gases from the gaseous medium of discharge, the participation of krypton and especially xenon gases increases and it is being used a luminophore capable of transforming into visible radiations the uv radiations of these noble gases, contained between 1200 A and 1350 A.

The luminophore shall contain substances, in themselves known, through the absorption - emission spectrum, namely : Y 0₃ : Eu, LaPO₄ : Ce : Tb and BaMgAl₁₀Oi7 : Eu or from the groups Y₂ O₃ : Eu, SmPO : Th and BaMgCaAlioOis : Eu, at this realization example it is recommended that the filament 4 is treated with thorium through deposition in excess.

For the situation in which the mercury participates with a mass that decreases towards lp.p.b. from the mass of the gaseous medium; the filament 4 shall be continuously supplied during the functioning, at low tensions, on the average, from 0,5 - 1,5 V and with rectified current from a frequency contained between 20 -50 kHz.

The utilized noble gases have purities of 99,999 %, and for mercury the purity is of 99,9999 %, being also recommended a participation of isotope 196 Hg, with a participation of 0 - 1G0 %, which has an output efficiency of uv radiations higher than that of the mixture of isotopes.

For all the realization examples of the invention from the description, the exterior body 1 and the interior body 2 were considered of circular section, and for the situation in which these have other interior or exterior outline, the other marks shall be adjusted in order to allow the realization, the mounting and the functioning of the fluorescent tube.

The fluorescent tube, according to the invention, with elliptical section and constant thickness of the walls of the exterior body 1 and the interior body 2, offer more luminous flux on the main directions perpendicular on the big axis of the ellipse, and it is preferable that the outline ellipse has big ratios of the axes.

The fluorescent tubes, according to the invention, with rectangular section of the exterior body 1 and the interior body 2, must have ratios between axes, on the average, from 1,1 - 1,5, in order to be ensured a better repartition of the plasma and a stable functioning.

The fluorescent tubes, according to the invention, at which the thickness of the exterior body wall is not constant, for example the body with an elliptical, square, rectangular, exterior outline and with circle interior outline, offer the perspective of a luminous flux that decreases near the thickened zones - the perspective with an esthetical value.

The fluorescent tube, according to the invention, can utilize for the exterior body 1, diverse forms of exterior, transversal outline, including randomized outline, which can be with generating lines, parallel or helicoids, on the exterior body 1 length.

All the examples of the invention realization permit the mounting on the exterior body 1 wall, of some auxiliary ignition electrodes, included or not included -un-figured - electrodes in themselves known at some fluorescent tubes.

For the realization procedure, there are given some explanations, graphics and schemes necessary for a better understanding of the applications that are necessary to the realization and utilization of the fluorescent tube, according to the invention, with the purpose of increasing the luminous efficiency [ lm / W] , on the base of the reduction of the electrical power that is necessary for its functioning through the reduction of the electrical discharge current intensity, with the maintenance of the same necessary luminous flux.

Let us note with Si the transversal surface (circular or elliptical) of the exterior body 1 with luminophore; with S₂ the transversal surface (circular or elliptic) of the interior body 2 and concentric to the body 1, with ΔS1-2 the difference between Si and S₂ surfaces that is equal to the surface of the gaseous medium circular crown or elliptic cross-section.

If we select a standard pair, namely the exterior body 1 with luminophore, of 0 38 mm, and length of 1200 mm, into which is concentrically introduced an interior body 2 without luminophore, of 0 26 mm and length of approximately 1100mm, we shall obtain a volume between the two bodies, that is of 738 cm³, instead of a volume of 1270 cm³ of the

738 exterior body 1, consequently of = 0,58 ;

1270

S₁- S₂ 10, 74 - 5,9 and a ratio of surfaces ΔSι_-2 / Si = = [cm²/ cm²] =

Si 10, 74

4, 84

10, 74 At an exterior body 1 section of ø 38, for a fluorescent tube, in itself known, with a length of 1200mm, at a operating current of 0, 4 A, it results a

0, 4 A 0,4A specific current (i_sp) = = = 0,0372A / cm² ;

Si 10, 74 cm²

and for ΔSι_-2 it results a discharge current Sι_₂ ^• i_sp= 4,84 -0,0372=0,18 A .

The reduction of the discharge current is from 0,4A - 0,18A

meaning the ratio of 0,45, the same with ;

Si

It can be drawn the graphic = f [I], from fig. 10; with

Si

whose help we can find out for a diameters pair of bodies selected, in order to be concentrically mounted, the intensity necessary to the electrical current and inversely, for the same composition type and pressures of the gaseous medium and the same luminophore type.

A comparable situation is that with the representation of the function ΔSι-₂ / Si = f [lm / W] = f (luminous efficiency) = f (photons flux / electrical power).

Let us select a fluorescent tube with ø 38 mm, length of 1200mm and luminous efficiency of 70 lm / W; (2800 lm / 40 W)

For the case of pairs of bodies mentioned before, of ø 38 / ø 26 at lengths of 1200mm with 1100 mm, concentrically disposed, the new fluorescent tube has an electrical power that represents 45% from the electrical power usually of 40W of the fluorescent tube of ø38 and length of 1200mm, consequently it will be of 0, 45 ^• 40W=18W. It is considered the same discharge tension; the luminous efficiency becomes 28001m / 18W= 1551m / W;

For the case of pairs of bodies of ø38 with ø30 with the glass wall thickness of 0,5mm, it is obtained:

Δ S₁.₂ 10, 74 - 7, 065 3,675 = [cm² / cm²] = = 0, 342; and

2800 2800 luminous efficiency of [lm / W] = [lm / W] = 204, 6 [lm/ W].

0,342 ^• 40 13,68

It can be drawn the graphic ΔSι_₂ / Si = f [lm / W], from fig. 11, for the same composition type and pressures of the gaseous medium and luminophore type, and the graphic ΔS₁-2/ Sι= f [∑mi ], from fig.12 , where mi is the mass of the substance from the gaseous medium; ∑mι= the sum of substances masses (i) from the gaseous medium submissive to the electrical discharge.

The quantities of substances from the gaseous medium _ ι (noble gases and mercury) are being reduced proportionally with the reduction of interior volume from the pipe of a fluorescent tube, in itself known, at volume between the concentric bodies 1 and 2 in the conditions when the composition and the pressures of the gaseous volume are unchanged.

Generally, at this applications of the fluorescent tube according to the invention there can be utilized bodies made from glass having exterior diameters between 10mm and 60mm and lengths between 150mm and 2500mm, the most utilized being those of ø38 at lengths between 600mm and 2500mm, of ø26 at lengths contained between 600mm and 1800mm, of øl6 at lengths contained between 150mm and 1149mm, that stand at the base of the fabrication of fluorescent tubes, in present.

In a first stage, the selection of diameters pairs of ø38mm with ø26mm and ø26mm with øl6mm, provides concentric mountings for fluorescent tubes that, according to the invention, permit a doubling of the luminous efficiency (through the reduction of the electrical power at the same luminous flux emitted).

In the development stages, for obtaining high efficiencies of some new constructive ranges and especially for the significant reduction of the mercury quantity, there will be produced bodies that provide a reduced ratio ΔSι.₂ / Si, namely under 0, 45.

An interesting application case is given by the situation when ΔS1-2/ Si becomes lower than 0, 2 and tends to 0,05 and the cross - section surface of the tubular column of plasma becomes smaller than 1,8 cm² and tends to 0,25 cm² and the discharge lengths are longer than 490mm.

In this situations, the participation of krypton and xenon gases increases, so that their partial pressures are contained between 200 - 500 millitorrs, and the quantity of mercury that is utilized is of maximum lmg. at 1000 cm³ of discharge volume.

For the constructive solutions in which the mercury concentration gets to be < 10^"9 (lp.p.b) from lmg noble gases, the noble gases shall have the total pressure contained between 0, 3 - 1,55 torrs, distributed like that :

• For the krypton or xenon gas, the partial pressure is from 50 - 300 millitorrs and for the additional noble gases ( neon, argon) partial pressures from 0 - 1,5 torrs;

• For the combination of krypton and xenon gas - partial pressure from 0,1 - 0,6 torrs an additional noble gases (neon, argon) with partial pressures from 0 - 1,2 torrs ;

• For the conversion of the uv radiations emitted by the krypton and xenon from 1200 A - 1470 A but also that of 1850A and known that will also contain substances selected from the groups : Y₂ 0₃ : Eu, LaP0₄ : Ce : Tb and BaMgAlι₀O₁₇ : Eu or from the groups Y₂ 0₃ : Eu, SmP0₄ : Th and BaMgCaAl₁₀Oι₈ : Eu, in the proportions that are necessary to obtain the necessary colors or the color temperatures range of white light.

For the fluorescent tubes with infinitesimal quantities of mercury atoms ( 10^"9 from lmg noble gases) and with participation of noble gases, krypton and xenon, at partial pressures contained between 50 - 300 millitorrs it will be used an electrical supply scheme, in itself known, but adapted, that permits separate supplies for each heat cathode, with rectified current, while functioning, and with separate circuit for ignition and discharge, all the circuits having operating - frequencies between 20 and 50 kHz , in order to avoid stroboscopic effects, noises of the electrical installation and of the fluorescent tube, fast ignition and stable functioning with luminous flux, constant on the fluorescent tube length; the installation is endowed, in the ignition version, with starter, without starter and the version with exterior auxiliary electrode.

For the fluorescent tubes with cold cathode in which the filaments are practically replaced with electrodes from metallic conductors and are not connected and supplied, in order to not warm up, the cold cathodes being used in all the cases when the ignition tension is high and it is used a supply installation, in itself known, with tension multiplier, the installation also having the version that offers operating - frequencies between 20 and 50 kHz, for fast ignition and the translation of the stroboscopic effect at high frequencies.

The lighting source consists of the fluorescent tube according to the invention and to the realization procedure, and of the electrical installation with adequate schemes.

To continue, there are orientativelly given some electrical fundamental circuits necessary to supply the fluorescent tube, according to the invention and depending on the constructive solution elaborated and the realization procedure, through fig. 13 and 17.

Generally, for the fluorescent tubes, according to the invention, that have ΔSι_-2 / Si from 0, 35 to 0, 65 and lengths from 490mm - 1500mm and heat cathodes, there are used supply schemes, in themselves known, .utilized with ballast, with and without starter, electronic ballasts.

For the fluorescent tubes according to the invention, that have the exterior body Di diameter < 16mm or with a reduced thickness (ΔR < 3mm) of the gaseous medium wall between the concentric exterior and interior bodies (1 and 2) as well with a reduced quantity of mercury (until lmg at 1000cm³ discharge volume) and without cold cathodes, it is recommended the scheme from fig. 13, with tension multiplication, that provides a fast ignition, without ballast and starter, and a frequency of 50 - 60 Hz of the network (vi) and for the translation of the stroboscopic effect at higher frequency (v₂) it is used the scheme from fig. 14 that has a converter of frequency C V₁/ ₂ where V2 is from 20 - 50kHz .

The inductances Li and L₂ are calculated for the necessary tensions and frequencies; and the magnetic cores from converter and trafo. Trl are from ferrite.

Orientativelly, for the schemes from fig. 13 and 14 the - C₂ condensers values are from 2, 7 - 6, 8 nF, and C₃ - C₄ from 2,5 - 20μF ; and R from 27 - 75 Ω.

The scheme can be utilized for electrical powers contained between 10 - 60 W. The schemes from fig. 13 and 14 can be utilized for electrical powers contained between 10 - 60 W, and have the known principle of the multiplier of tension, necessary for the ignition.

For the fluorescent tubes, according to the invention, with infinitesimal quantities of mercury (10^"9 from lmg noble gases) and to which are utilized, as an important source of u.v. radiation, noble gases krypton, neon ( λ = 1200 -1450 A) from the gaseous medium submissive to the electrical discharge, and the heat cathodes must be maintained in thermo-ionic emission while functioning, there are recommended the schemes from fig.15, 16 and 17. The common characteristic of these schemes is the utilization of frequency converter C Vι/v₂ from the Vi frequency of the network 50 - 60 Hz to the operating - frequency from 20 - 50 kHz, and of some independent circuits in rectified current for each cathode, also endowed with some throttle coils L_c with core of ferrite, serially connected.

The coupling through magnetic flux of the electric circuits through Lι,L₂, L₃ and L on ferrite core makes that all the tensions applied to the fluorescent tube does not present potential of electrocution towards the ground; each heat cathode is supplied with an independent circuit of continuous current obtained through rectifying from a group with four diodes , the circuit also contains a shock coil L_e with ferrite core , in series put, and that have the role of limiting the current from the heat cathode filament, in diverse situations of functioning.

The differentiated elements of the scheme are depending on the necessary versions.

The scheme from fig. 15 is for ignition with a starter S, with some inductances Li, L₂, 2- L₃, on common core of ferrite, that are in assemblage of transformer type, and will be calculated for the necessary tensions and currents.

The scheme from fig. 16 is with a fast ignition, without starter and uses a group Li, L₂ of inductances with common core of ferrite that are in assemblage of transformer type, and another group L₃, 2- L₄ with common core of ferrite that are in assemblage of transformer type, all the inductances will be calculated for the necessary tensions and currents. The condenser Q is for ignition without starter and has values from 0, 05 - 0, 25 μF.

The scheme from fig. 17 is with ignition assisted by an exterior electrode, especially for the cases when the fluorescent tube lengths are contained between 1200 ÷ 2500mm, utilizes an inductances group Li, L₂, 2- L₃ with common core of ferrite that are in assemblage of transformer type; and an inductance L_e with core of ferrite, that has the role of limiting the discharge current and participating at an oscillating circuit together with the condenser Ci and the inductance L₂.

Orientativelly, the condensers values ~ 5 - 10 nF and C₂ - 0, 1 μF; all the inductances will be calculated for the necessary tensions and currents.

The schemes from fig. 15, 16 and 17 can be utilized for electrical powers contained between 2W and 100W, and through the utilization of the discharge frequency contained between 20 - 50 kHz; it is provided a fast ignition, a translation and a diminution of the stroboscopic effect and a luminous flux, constant on the fluorescent tube length.

Claims

1) Fluorescent tube, which contain an exterior, enclosed tubular body, endowed on the intrados with an adherent layer of luminophore, some lateral, exterior walls of the body are pieced by some connecters with which there are connected some interior filaments, existent in a gaseous medium formed of mercury and noble gases vapors or mixtures of noble gases constituted of neon, argon, krypton and xenon; characterized by the fact that into the mentioned exterior body (1) is placed, coaxially with this, an interior body (2), enclosed at the ends by some lateral walls through some thin, metallic supports (3), embedded into the interior body (2) wall; in the interior body (2) the pressure value is lower than that of the atmospheric pressure; near the lateral walls are situated the mentioned filaments (4) , so that between the exterior body (1) and the interior body (2) is formed a room (b), found in common with some lateral rooms (c) , in which are situated the filament (4). ) Fluorescent tube, realized in another constructive version, that contains an enclosed, exterior, tubular body, endowed on the intrados with an adherent layer of luminophore, some exterior, lateral walls of the body are pierced by some connecters with which there are connected some interior filaments, found in a gaseous medium formed of mercury and noble gas vapors or mixtures of noble gases constituted of neon, argon, krypton and xenon, in the exterior body is placed, coaxially with this, an interior, tubular body, enclosed at the ends, between the bodies it is_forming a space in a shape of cylindrical crown; characterized by the fact that at one end of the interior, tubular body (2) it is fixed a glass lid (7), endowed with a vacuuming tube (8) that communicates with the interior of the mentioned body (2); and at the other end of the interior body (2) is fixed another lid (7), endowed with another vacuuming tube (8), enclosed at the end towards the interior of the interior body (2) and that communicates through a nozzle (e) , practiced on the wall of the vacuuming tube (8) with a room (b) formed between the interior body (2) and the mentioned exterior body (l).The exterior body (1) is enclosed at the ends by other lids (7) and in which penetrate through some nozzle d and there are sealed at heat the vacuuming tubes (8), which also sustain the tubular, interior body (2) into the tubular, exterior body (1) on each lid (7) from the ends of the tubular, exterior body (1), it is circularly disposed the filament (4) and a metallic grid (12) that surrounds at the exterior the filament (4) without touching the filament (4) and the luminophore layer (a) of the exterior body (1); on each vacuuming tube (8), on its central part, it is mounted a metallic grid (13) that does not touch the filament (4), the metallic grids (12) and (13) are not enclosed at the ends; the grid (12) is sustained by some metallic supports (11), embedded into the lid (7), that also sustain the filament (4), without putting in electrical contact the filament (4) with the grid (12); the vacuuming tubes (8) also ensure the mechanical assemblage, coaxial and hermetical, of the mentioned body (2) into the interior of the exterior body (1). 3) Fluorescent tube, realized in another constructive version, that contains an exterior, tubular body, enclosed, endowed on the intrados with an adherent layer of luminophore, some lateral, exterior walls of the body are pierced by connectors with which are connected some interior filaments, found in a gaseous medium formed of mercury and noble gas vapors or mixtures of noble gases, constituted of neon, argon, krypton and xenon, in the exterior body is placed, coaxially with this, a .tubular, interior body, enclosed at the ends, between the bodies it is formed a space, in a shape of cylindrical crown, characterized by the fact that, at the ends of the tubular, interior body (2) are mounted some ceramic lids (7), endowed with a vacuuming tube (8) that communicates with the interior of the tubular body (2), each ceramic lid (7) ensures the propping and the hermetical and coaxial assemblage of the interior body (2) on the mentioned exterior body (1), through an exterior, ceramic ring (15), fixed into the ends of the tubular exterior body (1) and through an interior, ceramic ring (16) fixed between the ring (15) and the lid (7), it is obtained a room (b) between the interior body (2) and the exterior body (1), that communicates with the exterior through some metallic, capillary tubes (14), for vacuuming an introduction of gaseous medium, and which capillary tubes (14) radially pierce the lid (7); the filament (4) is circularly placed into a channel ( 1 ), defined by the assemblage of the exterior ring (15), the interior ring (16) and the ceramic Kd (7), and which channel ( i) communicates with a circular slot ( m ), defined between the exterior ring (15) and the circumference of the lid (7); the slot ( m ) providing with thermic electrons the room ( b ), of a cylindrical crown shape, the filament (4) fixing is realized by some thin, metallic supports (11), embedded into the interior ring (16).

4) Fluorescent tube, according to claims 1 3, characterized by the fact that, the main shape of the room ( b ) cross - section is circular crown, and the shape of the room ( c ) cross-section is that of a circular disk, but they can utilize elhptical, square, outline or others alike, with rounded corners, with the condition that the ΔR thickness of the room ( b ) wall is constant, and on entire length of the room ( b ) the exterior body (1) can have at the exterior a circular, elhptical outline, or others alike, including randomized outlines, that can be with generating lines, parallel or helicoids on the exterior body (1) length, indifferent from the shape of the interior outline; the most usual are the round pipes with constant thickness of the walls for the exterior and interior bodies (1 and 2).

5) Realization procedure of a fluorescent tube, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the stable, electrical discharge takes place in a volume of gas disposed in a space of cylindrical crown shape, this volume representing between 0,3 - 0,6 of the total volume from a cylindrical column space, in the shape of a cylinder , h ited by an exterior wall that limits at the exterior the cylindrical crown and by some exterior, lateral walls, the two spaces, that are coaxial, are separated by an insulating, sohd wall of cylindrical shape, enclosed at the ends by some lateral, interior walls in which the pressure value is lower than that of the atmospheric pressure; and its electrical resistance is with 66 - 230 % higher than that of the mentioned cylindrical column volume; the space in a shape of circular crown is in communication at the ends with every one of some cylindrical spaces, short of end, limited by the exterior wall which delimits the space in shape of cylindrical crown and laterally towards interior, partial by the interior, lateral walls and respectively towards exterior by the exterior, lateral walls, the ratio between the volumes with gas and that in which the pressure value is lower than the atmospheric one, is of 0,35 - 0,7. 6) Realization procedure of a fluorescent tube, according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the stable, electrical discharge takes place in a gas volume disposed in a space of cylindrical crown shape, this volume representing between 0,25 - 0,5 from the total volume from a cylindrical column space, in the shape of a cylinder, limited by an exterior wall that limits at the exterior the cyhndrical crown and by some exterior, lateral walls, the two spaces, that are coaxial, are separated by an insulating, sohd wall of cylindrical shape, enclosed at the ends by some interior, lateral walls in which the pressure value is lower than that of the atmospheric pressure, between the exterior and interior, lateral walls existing a mechanical connection through the vacuuming tubes, and its electrical resistance is with 100-300 % higher than that of the volume the of mentioned cylindrical column; the space in a shape of circular crown is in communication at the ends with one of some coronary cylindrical spaces, short of end, limited by the vacuuming tubes, by the exterior wall that delimits the space in a shape of cylindrical crown and laterally towards interior, partially by the interior, lateral walls and respectively towards exterior by the exterior, lateral walls, the ratio between the volumes of gas and that in which the pressure value is lower than the atmospheric one, is of 0,275 - 0, 55.

7) Realization procedure of a fluorescent tube, according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the stable, electrical discharge takes place in a gas volume disposed in a space of a cylindrical crown shape, this volume representing between 0, 16 - 0,215 from the total volume from a cylindrical crown space in a shape of a cylinder limited by an exterior wall that limits at the exterior the cylindrical crown, and by some exterior, lateral walls, the other two spaces that are coaxial, are separated by an insulating, sohd wall, of cylindrical shape, enclosed at the ends by some interior, lateral, ceramic walls, in which the pressure value is lower than that of the atmospheric pressure, between the interior, lateral walls and the wall that limits at the exterior the cylindrical crown exists a mechanical connection, through some exterior and interior, ceramic rings, and its electrical resistance is with 365-525% higher than that of the volume of the mentioned cylindrical crown, the space, delimited by an outline of a cylindrical crown shape, maintains constant the thickness of its own wall until near the ends where it is slightly increased, the ratio between the gas volume and that in which the pressure value is lower than the atmospheric one, being of 0, 185 - 0, 25.

8) Realization procedure of a fluorescent tube, according to claim 1 and 5, characterized by the fact that it utilizes, at the ends of the exterior body (1), lateral, glass walls on which it is found the vacuuming tube (8) and the filament (4) connected, through some connecters (5), at the metallic pins (6); the ends of the interior body (2) are enclosed with the lateral, glass walls, on which it is found the vacuuming tube (8); all the marks mentioned above are in themselves known.

9) Realization procedure of a fluorescent tube, according to claim 2 and 6, characterized by the fact that it utilizes a filament (4) quasi - circularly disposed and can be constituted from more bits of wolfram, serially or parallel connected, through some metallic supports (11), which also have the role of sustaining; around the filament (1) it is mounted an exterior, metallic grid (12) and an interior, metallic grid (13), the coaxial fixing of the interior body (2) on the exterior body (1) is made through the vacuuming tubes (8), with increased diameter and increased thickness of its own wall, which are welded on the glass lids (7) and which they pierce, and which lids (7) enclose the interior body (2) at the ends and the exterior body (1) at the ends and in which it is completely included the interior body (2); through the vacuuming tubes (8) it is permitted the differentiated access for the volume from the interior of the interior body (2) and separated for the cylindrical coronary volume between the exterior body (1) and the interior body (2). 10) Realization procedure of a fluorescent tube, according to claim 3 and 7, characterized by the fact that it utilizes for the coaxial mounting an the enclosing of the exterior body (1) and of the interior body (2), at which the thickness of the wall of the cylindrical crown volume is contained between 0, 25 - 3mm, an ensemble formed of the ceramic lid (7), a ceramic ring (15) and a ceramic ring (16), which are endowed with the vacuuming tube (8), a capillary, metallic, vacuuming tube (14) and the metallic supports (11) for the fixing of the filament (4); the circular filament (4) is placed into a circular channel (1) and that communicates, through a slot (m), with the cylindrical crown volume between the exterior body (1) and the interior body (2); the vacuuming and the introduction of the gaseous medium is made through the capillary , metallic tube (14), and for the reduction of the pressure from the interior of the interior body (2) there are utilized the vacuuming tubes (8).

11) Realization procedure of a fluorescent tube, according to claim 1 6, characterized by the fact that, for the realization of the exterior body (1) and the interior body (2), can be utilized pipes of organic or inorganic glass, the material transparency must be ensured for the exterior body (1).

12) Realization procedure of a fluorescent tube, according to claim 1...4 and 8....10, characterized by the fact that, for the constructive solutions with cold cathode, it is replaced the filament (4) with conductors made of stainless steel and coppered iron and treated through sinking into water with mercury, the pH of the water is about 6,5.

13) Realization procedure of a fluorescent tube, according to claim 1, 4, 5 and 11, characterized by the fact that, for the constructive solution at which the exterior body (1) has an interior diameter with relatively small values and the interior body (2) has an exterior diameter with relatively small values, the ends of this last one are enclosing through elongating and pressing at heat after the reduction of the air pressure from the interior, being also ensured the embedding of the metallic and thin supports (3), for the coaxial positioning into the interior of the exterior body (1).

14) Realization procedure of a fluorescent tube, according to claim

1 13, characterized by the fact that, for the situation in which the thickness of the wall of the cylindrical coronary room (b) between the exterior and interior bodies (1 and 2) is reducing, so that the section of circular crown (or elliptical) discharge is smaller than 1,8 cm² and the length of the tubular column of plasma is longer than 490mm, the participation of xenon or krypton gases increases, so that the partial pressures of these are contained between 200 - 500 milhtorrs, maintaining the total pressure of the gaseous medium with the other additional gases, such as argon and / or neon, at the values of 2 - 4 torrs, and the utilized quantity of mercury is of maximum lmg. at 1000 cm³ of electrical discharge volume.

15) Realization procedure of a fluorescent tube, according to claims 1 14, characterized by the fact that, for the constructive solutions in which the concentration of mercury gets lower than 10 ^"9 from 1 mg noble gases from the electrical discharge volume, the noble gases will have the total pressure of 0,3 - 1,55 torrs , formed like this: for the krypton or xenon gas the partial pressure is from 50 - 300 millitorrs and the additional gases (neon, argon) at partial pressures from 0 - 1, 5 torrs , and for the mixtures of krypton and xenon gas the partial pressure is of 0,1 - 0,6 torrs , and additional noble gases, such as neon and / or argon at partial pressures from 0 - 1,2 torrs . 16) Realization procedure of a fluorescent tube, according to claims 1 15, characterized by the fact that, for the conversion of uv radiation, emitted by the krypton and xenon , of 1200 A - 1470 A , but also that of 1850 A - 2537 A of the mercury atoms, it will be utilized, for the realization of the layer (a) a luminophore, with a content of the substances from the groups:Y₂O₃ : Eu ; LaPO₄ : Ce : Tb and BaMgAlioOπ : Eu or from the groups Y₂O₃ : Eu , SmPO₄ : Tb and BaMgAlioOis : Eu , in the proportions that are necessary to obtain the necessary colors and the shades of white light (the color temperature), by composing the colors emitted by each of the luminophore substances and by the combinations between them.

17) Realization procedure of a fluorescent tube, according to claims

1 16, characterized by the fact that, for the obtaining and the maintenance of some reduced intensities of the electrical discharge current from 0,1A - 0,01A, it is recommended the utilization of the isotope 196 of mercury, especially for the fluorescent tubes with infinitesimal quantities of mercury of 10^"9 from lmg noble gases.

18) Lighting source for the utilization of the fluorescent tube, realized according to the invention and to claims 1 14, characterized by the fact the initiation and maintenance of the electrical discharge is made with installation, in themselves known, of electrical current supply of the fluorescent tube fabricated until present, and that installations will be adapted for the fluorescent tubes with heat or cold cathodes at the necessary operating values, especially for the lower work- intensities 19) Lighting source for the utilization of the fluorescent tube, realized according to the invention and to claims 1 17, characterized by the fact that, for the fluorescent tubes at which the mercury quantity decreases under lmg at 1000 cm³ electrical discharge volume or filling volume, with reduced thickness (ΔR< 3 mm ) of the room (b) wall between the concentric, exterior and interior bodies (1 and 2) and with- cold cathodes, it is recommended the utilization of an electrical supply installation with tension multiplier, with the network frequency of 50 - 60 Hz, or at the frequency of 20kHz - 50kHz, in the scheme being used a frequency converter, in itself known.

20) Lighting source for the utilization of the fluorescent tube, realized according to the invention and to claims 1 17, characterized by the fact that, for the fluorescent tubes with infinitesimal quantity of mercury atoms (10^"9from lmg noble gases) it is recommended the utilization of installations schemes of electrical current supply that provide the supply of heat cathodes with independent circuit of supply with electrical current, for each filament (4) of cathode with the maintenance of thermo - ionic emission and an independent circuit of electric discharge with an work-frequency of approximately 20kHz - 50kHz.