WO2003063621A1 - A ventilation method and arrangement for an ash handling system - Google Patents

A ventilation method and arrangement for an ash handling system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003063621A1
WO2003063621A1 PCT/SE2002/002378 SE0202378W WO03063621A1 WO 2003063621 A1 WO2003063621 A1 WO 2003063621A1 SE 0202378 W SE0202378 W SE 0202378W WO 03063621 A1 WO03063621 A1 WO 03063621A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ash
air
channel
ash receiving
receiving channel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2002/002378
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Bjersten
Original Assignee
Smoke Free Systems Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Smoke Free Systems Ab filed Critical Smoke Free Systems Ab
Priority to DE60239107T priority Critical patent/DE60239107D1/en
Priority to EP02793683A priority patent/EP1469749B1/en
Priority to AT02793683T priority patent/ATE497354T1/en
Publication of WO2003063621A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003063621A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F19/00—Ash-trays
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F19/00—Ash-trays
    • A24F19/06—Ash-trays with tiltable bowl or false floor

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a ventilation method and arrangement for an ash handling system according to the respective preambles of claims 1 and 2.
  • the ash receiving channel comprises an ash receiving part, a bell-like funnel, connected to a vertically extending tubular member opening in operation into the ash receptacle.
  • the connection between the funnel and the tubular member is sealed by an O-ring.
  • the valve mechanism includes a balance lever swingable about a fulcrum and having an arm having a sealing surface abutting and sealing a lower, open end of the tubular member in a normal rest position of the balance lever.
  • German Patent DE 26 00 881 discloses an ash handling device solving the problem of preventing odours from the receptacle to escape to the environment.
  • the location of its ash receptacle is objectionable since it involves a constant air flow down into the receptacle, in turn resulting in a constant risk that glowing cigarette ends etc. catch fire.
  • the housing of the device has a conical constriction for acceleration of exhaust air, i.e., in practice, for acceleration of supply air into the ash receptacle. Consequently, practical use of this prior art device could have devastating consequences, or at lest result in very high temperatures not only in the ash receptacle, but also in the exhaust air channel and a subsequent blower.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a solution to the first mentioned, possible problem of preventing odours from escaping to the environment by providing a ventilation method and arrangement removing possible escaping odours from within the tubular member, while not exhibiting the drawbacks of the German Patent referred to .
  • air is withdrawn from the ash-receiving channel so as to create an airflow into the ash-receiving channel, i.e., normally from above, preventing odours from escaping to the environment, i.e., in the opposite direction.
  • the ash receiving channel as preferred, and as in the prior art ash handling system referred to above, is a two-part structure made up of an ash receiving funnel and a tubular member, air is withdrawn from the tubular member at its upper end through at least one space between the tubular member and the funnel . This odour-containing airflow is then disposed of at another location.
  • the ventilation arrangement instead of providing a seal between the tubular member and the funnel, there is provided at least one air flow space between them, so as to enable an air flow directed into the funnel and the tubular member to be withdrawn from the interior of the tubular member through said air flow space between the funnel and the tubular member.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross sectional view through an ash handling system according to the prior application
  • Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view through an ash handling system according to Fig. 1 modified with a ventilation arrangement according to the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a cross section through a modified ash handling system provided with a ventilation arrangement according to the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a side view of a smoker's booth provided with the ventilated ash handling system according to Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a partial cross section through the smoker's booth of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a view from below towards a portion of an ash handling system provided with a modified ventilation arrangement according to the present invention.
  • the prior ash handling system shown in Fig. 1 includes an ash receiving channel 11, an ash receptacle 12 and between them a valve mechanism 13.
  • the ash receiving channel is shown to comprise a bell -like funnel 14, a lower end 14' of which is introduced into an upper end 15' of a vertically extending tube 15 having a circular cross section.
  • An 0-ring 16 seals between the funnel end 14' and the tube end 15' .
  • the tube 15 opens with a chamfered edge 15" into the ash receptacle 12 being a cylindrical container having a circular, substantially flat bottom 17 allowing it to rest on, e.g., a non-shown table. Its vertical cylinder wall 18 upwardly merges with a horizontal upper wall 19 having a recessed portion 20, including a first annular, step-like shoulder 21 and a lower, likewise annular shelf 22.
  • the shoulder 21 is adapted to receive and support a circumferential rim 23 of the funnel 14, thereby supporting the latter.
  • the annular shelf 22 supports an annular circumferential portion 24 of a circular disc 25.
  • a non-shown annular sealing strip seals between the shelf 22 and the annular portion 24.
  • the disc 25 has in its centre a circular aperture receiving the upper end 15' of the tube 15 into which the lower portion 14' of the funnel 14 is inserted and sealed by the O-ring 16.
  • the recessed portion 20 defines - together with the funnel 14 and the disc 25 - a space 26 separated from the ash receptacle 12.
  • the valve mechanism 13 comprises a valve element 27 operable to open passage between the tube 15 and the receptacle 12 upon loading by an object received in the tube, and when unloaded to resume, or maintain, a normal, closed position.
  • a flat surface 28 thereof facing the edge 15" seals the receptacle 12 from the tube 15 and the connecting funnel 14, thereby preventing odours from within the container to escape to the environment outside the ash handling system.
  • the ventilation arrangement according to the present invention prevents such escape by withdrawing air from the interior of the tube 15.
  • Fig. 2 shows this concept applied to the prior ash handling system of Fig. 1.
  • a hole 29 is provided in the tube 15, and a conduit, such as a tube 30 as shown, or a suitable hose, is connected to the tube to extend through a hole 31 in the wall 18 of the receptacle 12.
  • the projecting free end 30' of the tube 30 may be connected to any suitable suction source to withdraw air from the interior of the tube 15 (arrow A) and, thus, possible odours entering the tube from the ash receptacle.
  • air may be removed from the space 26 by means of a similar tube 32 (shown wish dashed lines in Fig. 2) and passing through the wall 18 and fitted in the wall 20' of the recessed portion 20.
  • a similar tube 32 shown wish dashed lines in Fig. 2
  • Fig. 4 shows a side view of a smoker's booth including the first embodiment of the present invention as shown in Fig. 3, and Fig. 5 is a partial section therethrough at a larger scale. It further comprises a stand 34, a rear supporting wall 35, a shelf 36 carried by the wall 35, a wall 37 supported by the wall 35, and roof 38.
  • An air exhaust device including a lower baffle wall 39 is mounted in the roof.
  • An ash receptacle 40 is mounted under the shelf to receive ashes from the tube 15 upon opening of the valve mechanism 13.
  • An air channel 41 is provided in the shelf to communicate with the space 26', and a connecting air channel 42 is provided in the wall 37.
  • the baffle wall 39 leaves an interspace 43 to the wall 37.
  • Non-shown air moving means is provided to cause an air flow E from the smoker's both out through the interspace 39.
  • This airflow is primarily to withdraw smoke from the both. In this instance, however, it is also used to create an ejector flow F from the upper end of the channel 33.
  • This ejector flow is sufficient to establish the very small airflow D - C - B needed to withdraw possible odours from the interior of the tube 15.
  • the air flow E together with the ejector flow F is brought to suitable air treatment equipment of the exhaust device, or, located at another location. It has also been seen that very light ash flakes sticking to the walls of the funnel 14 tend to come loose by the air flow and be brought along thereby.
  • FIG. 6 shows the situation when a rectangular, in this case square, tube 15B is used.
  • Each such opening may join the adjacent ones in case there is a continuous space 33' between the funnel end 14' and the tube 15B as shown.
  • a suitable fan or other air moving means may be used to create an air flow D - C - B.

Landscapes

  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Threshing Machine Elements (AREA)

Abstract

In a method of ventilating an ash handling system comprising an ash receiving channel (11), an ash receptacle (12) and a valve mechanism (13) between the channel and the ash receptacle, air is withdrawn from the ash receiving channel so as to create a flow of fresh air into the ash receiving channel preventing odours from the ash receptacle and/or the ash receiving channel from escaping to the environment. In a ventilation arrangement for the ash handling system, at least one air withdrawal channel (33, 41) is provided communicating with the ash receiving channel (11, 15) and with air treatment equipment.

Description

A VENTILATION METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR AN ASH HANDLING SYSTEM
The present invention concerns a ventilation method and arrangement for an ash handling system according to the respective preambles of claims 1 and 2.
An ash handling system comprising ash receiving channel, an ash receptacle and a valve mechanism between the channel and the ash receptacle is described in PCT/SE02/02024 , claiming priority from SE 0103825-6. The latter application was filed on 16 November 2001 by the same applicant and the same inventor, and was not published on the day of filing of the present application.
In that prior system, the ash receiving channel comprises an ash receiving part, a bell-like funnel, connected to a vertically extending tubular member opening in operation into the ash receptacle. The connection between the funnel and the tubular member is sealed by an O-ring. The valve mechanism includes a balance lever swingable about a fulcrum and having an arm having a sealing surface abutting and sealing a lower, open end of the tubular member in a normal rest position of the balance lever.
This arrangement should normally result in a sufficient seal between the ash receptacle and the interior of the tubular member so that escape of odours from the interior of the receptacle through the funnel is prevented. In case of malfunction of the valve, however, such as due to tar having accumulated on the sealing surface, annoying odours may escape to the environment . German Patent DE 26 00 881 discloses an ash handling device solving the problem of preventing odours from the receptacle to escape to the environment. However, the location of its ash receptacle is objectionable since it involves a constant air flow down into the receptacle, in turn resulting in a constant risk that glowing cigarette ends etc. catch fire. Furthermore, it is said that the housing of the device has a conical constriction for acceleration of exhaust air, i.e., in practice, for acceleration of supply air into the ash receptacle. Consequently, practical use of this prior art device could have devastating consequences, or at lest result in very high temperatures not only in the ash receptacle, but also in the exhaust air channel and a subsequent blower.
An object of the present invention is to provide a solution to the first mentioned, possible problem of preventing odours from escaping to the environment by providing a ventilation method and arrangement removing possible escaping odours from within the tubular member, while not exhibiting the drawbacks of the German Patent referred to .
In the ventilation method according to the present invention, air is withdrawn from the ash-receiving channel so as to create an airflow into the ash-receiving channel, i.e., normally from above, preventing odours from escaping to the environment, i.e., in the opposite direction. When the ash receiving channel, as preferred, and as in the prior art ash handling system referred to above, is a two-part structure made up of an ash receiving funnel and a tubular member, air is withdrawn from the tubular member at its upper end through at least one space between the tubular member and the funnel . This odour-containing airflow is then disposed of at another location. In the ventilation arrangement according to the present invention, instead of providing a seal between the tubular member and the funnel, there is provided at least one air flow space between them, so as to enable an air flow directed into the funnel and the tubular member to be withdrawn from the interior of the tubular member through said air flow space between the funnel and the tubular member.
An embodiment of the present invention will be described hereinafter, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a cross sectional view through an ash handling system according to the prior application;
Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view through an ash handling system according to Fig. 1 modified with a ventilation arrangement according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a cross section through a modified ash handling system provided with a ventilation arrangement according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a side view of a smoker's booth provided with the ventilated ash handling system according to Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a partial cross section through the smoker's booth of Fig. 4; and
Fig. 6 is a view from below towards a portion of an ash handling system provided with a modified ventilation arrangement according to the present invention.
The prior ash handling system shown in Fig. 1 includes an ash receiving channel 11, an ash receptacle 12 and between them a valve mechanism 13. The ash receiving channel is shown to comprise a bell -like funnel 14, a lower end 14' of which is introduced into an upper end 15' of a vertically extending tube 15 having a circular cross section. An 0-ring 16 seals between the funnel end 14' and the tube end 15' .
The tube 15 opens with a chamfered edge 15" into the ash receptacle 12 being a cylindrical container having a circular, substantially flat bottom 17 allowing it to rest on, e.g., a non-shown table. Its vertical cylinder wall 18 upwardly merges with a horizontal upper wall 19 having a recessed portion 20, including a first annular, step-like shoulder 21 and a lower, likewise annular shelf 22.
The shoulder 21 is adapted to receive and support a circumferential rim 23 of the funnel 14, thereby supporting the latter. A non-shown O-ring seals between the shoulder 21 and the rim 23.
The annular shelf 22 supports an annular circumferential portion 24 of a circular disc 25. A non-shown annular sealing strip seals between the shelf 22 and the annular portion 24. The disc 25 has in its centre a circular aperture receiving the upper end 15' of the tube 15 into which the lower portion 14' of the funnel 14 is inserted and sealed by the O-ring 16.
The recessed portion 20 defines - together with the funnel 14 and the disc 25 - a space 26 separated from the ash receptacle 12.
The valve mechanism 13 comprises a valve element 27 operable to open passage between the tube 15 and the receptacle 12 upon loading by an object received in the tube, and when unloaded to resume, or maintain, a normal, closed position. In the closed position, a flat surface 28 thereof facing the edge 15" seals the receptacle 12 from the tube 15 and the connecting funnel 14, thereby preventing odours from within the container to escape to the environment outside the ash handling system.
In case of malfunction of the valve mechanism 13, such as if tar adheres to any of the sealing surfaces 15", 27 of the valve mechanism, there is a risk that odours from within the receptacle 12 may escape through the tube 15 and the funnel 14.
The ventilation arrangement according to the present invention prevents such escape by withdrawing air from the interior of the tube 15.
Fig. 2 shows this concept applied to the prior ash handling system of Fig. 1. In Fig. 2, a hole 29 is provided in the tube 15, and a conduit, such as a tube 30 as shown, or a suitable hose, is connected to the tube to extend through a hole 31 in the wall 18 of the receptacle 12. The projecting free end 30' of the tube 30 may be connected to any suitable suction source to withdraw air from the interior of the tube 15 (arrow A) and, thus, possible odours entering the tube from the ash receptacle.
As an alternative, air may be removed from the space 26 by means of a similar tube 32 (shown wish dashed lines in Fig. 2) and passing through the wall 18 and fitted in the wall 20' of the recessed portion 20. In such case, it would be suitable to remove the O-ring 26 to allow unimpeded air flow between the lower funnel end and the upper tube end 15' .
This latter concept is further realised in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3. Also in this embodiment, instead of providing a seal, such as O-ring 16, there is no seal between the lower end 14' of the funnel and the upper end 15' of the tube 15. Instead there is provided a small annular space 33 between the tube end and the funnel end. The space 26' is evacuated as indicated by arrows B so that a pressure below that of the atmospheric pressure is created within that space. Consequently, air is introduced into the space 26' from the interior of the tube 15 through the annular space 33 as indicated by arrows C. Fresh air is introduced into the tube 15 from the funnel 14 as indicated by an arrow D.
Fig. 4 shows a side view of a smoker's booth including the first embodiment of the present invention as shown in Fig. 3, and Fig. 5 is a partial section therethrough at a larger scale. It further comprises a stand 34, a rear supporting wall 35, a shelf 36 carried by the wall 35, a wall 37 supported by the wall 35, and roof 38. An air exhaust device including a lower baffle wall 39 is mounted in the roof. An ash receptacle 40 is mounted under the shelf to receive ashes from the tube 15 upon opening of the valve mechanism 13. An air channel 41 is provided in the shelf to communicate with the space 26', and a connecting air channel 42 is provided in the wall 37. The baffle wall 39 leaves an interspace 43 to the wall 37.
Non-shown air moving means is provided to cause an air flow E from the smoker's both out through the interspace 39. This airflow is primarily to withdraw smoke from the both. In this instance, however, it is also used to create an ejector flow F from the upper end of the channel 33. This ejector flow is sufficient to establish the very small airflow D - C - B needed to withdraw possible odours from the interior of the tube 15. The air flow E together with the ejector flow F is brought to suitable air treatment equipment of the exhaust device, or, located at another location. It has also been seen that very light ash flakes sticking to the walls of the funnel 14 tend to come loose by the air flow and be brought along thereby.
As an alternative to an annular space 33 between the funnel end 14' and the circular upper tube end 15', Fig. 6 shows the situation when a rectangular, in this case square, tube 15B is used. This creates four equal, enlarged openings 44 a, b, c, d between the lower funnel end 14' and the upper tube end 15B' to create four air flows C' . Each such opening may join the adjacent ones in case there is a continuous space 33' between the funnel end 14' and the tube 15B as shown.
Evidently, as an alternative to an ejector flow, a suitable fan or other air moving means may be used to create an air flow D - C - B.

Claims

1. A method of ventilating an ash handling system comprising an ash receiving channel, an ash receptacle below the ash receiving channel, and a valve mechanism between the ash receiving channel and the receptacle, exhaust means withdrawing air down through the channel in order to prevent odours therefrom and/or from the ash receptacle to escape to the environment, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the air is withdrawn from within the ash receiving channel, and that withdrawn air is disposed of.
2. A ventilation arrangement for an ash handling system comprising an ash receiving channel (11) , an ash receptacle
(12) below the ash receiving channel, and a valve mechanism
(13) between the ash receiving channel (11) and the ash receptacle (12) , an air withdrawal channel being arranged to suck air down through the ash receiving channel, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the air withdrawal channel (30; 32; 33; 44) communicates on one hand with the ash receiving channel (11) and on the other hand with air treatment equipment.
3. The ventilation arrangement according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the air withdrawal channel is a conduit (30) communicating with the interior of the ash receiving channel (15) through a hole (29) in the wall thereof.
4. The ventilation arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the ash receiving channel is made up from an ash receiving part (14) and a tubular member (15) , c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the air withdrawal channel (33; 44) is provided between the ash receiving part (14) and the tubular member (15) .
5. The ventilation arrangement according to claim 4, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the air withdrawal channel is an annular space (29) between a lower end (14') of the ash receiving part (14) and an upper end (15') of the tubular member (15) .
6. The ventilation arrangement according to claim 4, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the tubular member (15B) has a square cross section and that four equal air withdrawal channels (44 a - e) are provided between a lower end (14') of the ash receiving part (14) and an upper end (15B') of the tubular member (15B) .
PCT/SE2002/002378 2002-01-30 2002-12-18 A ventilation method and arrangement for an ash handling system WO2003063621A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE60239107T DE60239107D1 (en) 2002-01-30 2002-12-18 VENTILATION DEVICE FOR A SYSTEM FOR RECEIVING ASH
EP02793683A EP1469749B1 (en) 2002-01-30 2002-12-18 A ventilation arrangement for an ash handling system
AT02793683T ATE497354T1 (en) 2002-01-30 2002-12-18 VENTILATION DEVICE FOR AN ASH COLLECTION SYSTEM

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0200266-5 2002-01-30
SE0200266A SE520823C2 (en) 2002-01-30 2002-01-30 Ventilation method and device for an ash treatment system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003063621A1 true WO2003063621A1 (en) 2003-08-07

Family

ID=20286811

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2002/002378 WO2003063621A1 (en) 2002-01-30 2002-12-18 A ventilation method and arrangement for an ash handling system

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1469749B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE497354T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60239107D1 (en)
SE (1) SE520823C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2003063621A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EA008552B1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-06-29 Владимир Александрович Циммерман Air cleaning system in indoor premises
NL1037877C2 (en) * 2010-04-11 2011-10-12 Franciscus Josephus Lambertus Verhagen ASHTRAY.
WO2016048198A1 (en) * 2014-09-24 2016-03-31 Qlean Air Scandinavia Ab A valve for an ashtray
WO2016099341A1 (en) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Qlean Air Scandinavia Ab Self-closing valve

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2600881A1 (en) * 1976-01-12 1977-07-21 Dietrich Bueker Tobacco ash and smoke removal gully - has solid and smoke removal and disposal systems with ash collector and smoke offtake channel
US4550738A (en) * 1984-03-26 1985-11-05 Estey Herman C Sanitary ashtray system
WO1995024134A2 (en) * 1994-03-09 1995-09-14 Progressive Games, Inc. Smokeless ashtray system
DE10035502A1 (en) * 2000-07-21 2002-01-31 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Ash tray has air tight closable waste reservoir into ash and cigarette waste pass when ash pot is closed; waste reservoir is integrated into ash tray and preferably arranged beneath pot

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2769447A (en) * 1955-01-21 1956-11-06 Theodore E Moberg Vacuum ash tray for vehicles

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2600881A1 (en) * 1976-01-12 1977-07-21 Dietrich Bueker Tobacco ash and smoke removal gully - has solid and smoke removal and disposal systems with ash collector and smoke offtake channel
US4550738A (en) * 1984-03-26 1985-11-05 Estey Herman C Sanitary ashtray system
WO1995024134A2 (en) * 1994-03-09 1995-09-14 Progressive Games, Inc. Smokeless ashtray system
DE10035502A1 (en) * 2000-07-21 2002-01-31 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Ash tray has air tight closable waste reservoir into ash and cigarette waste pass when ash pot is closed; waste reservoir is integrated into ash tray and preferably arranged beneath pot

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EA008552B1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-06-29 Владимир Александрович Циммерман Air cleaning system in indoor premises
NL1037877C2 (en) * 2010-04-11 2011-10-12 Franciscus Josephus Lambertus Verhagen ASHTRAY.
WO2016048198A1 (en) * 2014-09-24 2016-03-31 Qlean Air Scandinavia Ab A valve for an ashtray
JP2017528155A (en) * 2014-09-24 2017-09-28 クリーン エア スカンディナビア エービー Ashtray valve
WO2016099341A1 (en) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Qlean Air Scandinavia Ab Self-closing valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1469749A1 (en) 2004-10-27
EP1469749B1 (en) 2011-02-02
DE60239107D1 (en) 2011-03-17
SE0200266L (en) 2003-07-31
SE520823C2 (en) 2003-09-02
SE0200266D0 (en) 2002-01-30
ATE497354T1 (en) 2011-02-15

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