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  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

• This invention relates to novel sulfone compounds having pharmacological activity, processes for their preparation, to compositions containing them and to their use in the treatment of CNS and other disorders such as psychotic disorders.
• WO 98/27081, WO 99/02502, WO 99/37623, WO 99/42465 and WO 01/32646 disclose a series of aryl sulphonamide and sulphoxide compounds that are said to be 5-HT 6 receptor antagonists and which are claimed to be useful in the treatment of various CNS disorders.
• a structurally novel class of compounds has now been found which possess affinity for the 5- HT 6 receptor.
• the present invention therefore provides, in a first aspect, a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
• R 1 represents hydrogen or C ⁇ -6 alkyl
• a and B represent the groups -(CH 2 ) m - and -(CH 2 ) n -, respectively;
• Ar represents a group -Ar 1 or a group -Ar 2 -Ar 3 ; each R 2 independently represents hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, hydroxyC ⁇ . 6 alkyl,
• R 5 and R 6 each independently represent hydrogen, C ⁇ . 6 alkyl or, together with the nitrogen or other atoms to which they are attached, form an azacycloalkyl ring or an oxo-substituted azacycloalkyl ring; p and q independently represent an integer from 0 to 3; m and n independently represent an integer of 1 or 2;
• Ar 1 represents a naphthyl or bicyclic heteroaryl group each of which may be optionally substituted, wherein Ar 1 is attached to the sulphonyl moiety via a carbon atom;
• Ar 2 represents an aryl or heteroaryl group each of which may be optionally substituted, wherein
• Ar 2 is attached to the sulphonyl moiety via a carbon atom
• Ar 3 represents an aryl or heteroaryl group, each of which may be optionally substituted; Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, and which are selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy, pentafluoroethyl, C ⁇ -6 alkoxy, arylC ⁇ -6 alkoxy, C ⁇ -6 alkylthio, C ⁇ _ 6 alkoxyC ⁇ -6 alkyl, C 3-7 cycloalkylC ⁇ -6 alkoxy, -(CH 2 ) p C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C ⁇ -6 alkanoyl, C ⁇ -6 alkoxycarbonyl, C ⁇ -6 alkylsulfonyl, C ⁇ -6 alkylsulfinyl, C ⁇
• Alkyl groups may be straight chain or branched and the groups alkoxy and alkanoyl shall be interpreted similarly.
• C ⁇ -6 alkyl means a straight or branched alkyl containing at least 1, and at most 6, carbon atoms.
• alkyl as used herein include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, isobutyl, isopropyl, t-butyl and 1,1-dimethylpropyl.
• Alkyl moieties are more preferably C ⁇ -4 alkyl, eg.
• halogen is used herein to describe, unless otherwise stated, a group selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Preferred halogens are fluorine, chlorine and bromine.
• alkoxy refers to a straight or branched alkoxy group containing the specified number of carbon atoms.
• C 1-6 alkoxy means a straight or branched alkoxy group containing at least 1, and at most 6, carbon atoms.
• alkoxy as used herein include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, prop-2-oxy, butoxy, but-2-oxy, 2- methylprop- 1 -oxy, 2-methylprop-2-oxy, pentoxy or hexyloxy.
• cycloalkyl refers to a non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring containing the specified number of carbon atoms.
• C 3-7 cycloalkyl means a non-aromatic ring containing at least three, and at most seven, ring carbon atoms.
• Examples of "cycloalkyl” as used herein include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
• a C 6 -7cycloalkyl group is preferred.
• aryl includes phenyl and naphthyl.
• heteroaryl is intended to mean a 5 or 6 membered monocyclic aromatic or a fused 8- 10 membered bicyclic aromatic ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur.
• monocyclic heteroaryl is intended to mean a 5 or 6 membered monocyclic aromatic ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur.
• bicyclic heteroaryl is intended to mean a fused 8-10 membered bicyclic aromatic ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur.
• Suitable examples of such monocyclic heteroaryl groups include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl and pyridyl.
• bicyclic heteroaryl groups include benzofused aromatic rings such as quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, cinnolinyl, naphthyridinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl and the like.
• Heteroaryl groups, as described above, may be linked to the remainder of the molecule via a carbon atom or, when present, a suitable nitrogen atom except where otherwise indicated above.
• heterocyclyl refers to a 3- to 7-membered monocyclic saturated ring containing at least one heteroatom independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.
• suitable heterocyclic rings include, but are not limited to, piperidine and morpholine.
• azacycloalkyl ring refers to a 4- to 7-membered monocyclic saturated ring containing one nitrogen atom.
• suitable azacycloalkyl rings are azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine and hexahydroazepine.
• oxo-substituted azacycloalkyl ring refers to an azacycloalkyl ring as defined above substituted by one oxo group.
• suitable oxo-substituted azacycloalkyl rings include, but are not limited to, azetidinone, pyrrolidinone, piperidinone and azepinone.
• substituted refers to substitution with the named substituent or substituents, multiple degrees of substitution being allowed unless otherwise stated.
• the present invention therefore also provides, in one aspect a compound of formula (IA) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
• Ar represents a group -Ar 1 or a group -Ar 2 -Ar 3 ; each R 2 independently represents hydrogen, halogen, cyano, -CF 3 , CF 3 O-, C 1-6 alkyl, C ⁇ -6 alkoxy or Cj -6 alkanoyl; q is as defined above;
• Ar 1 and Ar 2 are as defined above;
• Ar 3 represents phenyl or a monocyclic heteroaryl group, each of which may be optionally substituted;
• Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, and which are selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, C 1-6 alkyl, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy, pentafluoroethyl, C ⁇ -6 alkoxy, arylC ⁇ -6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkylthio, C ⁇ -6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, C 3-7 cycloalkylC ⁇ -6 alkoxy, C ⁇ . 6 alkanoyl, C ⁇ -6 alkoxycarbonyl, C ⁇ -6 alkylsulfonyl, C ⁇ -6 alkylsulfinyl,
• R 3d independently represent hydrogen or C ⁇ -6 alkyl or together may be fused to form a 5- to 7- membered aromatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic ring optionally interrupted by an O or S atom; or solvates thereof.
• A represents Ar 1 .
• Ar 1 is preferably 2-naphthyl or 3-naphthyl or bicyclic heteroaryl (eg. quinolinyl or lH-indolyl), most preferably lH-indol-3-yl.
• B is (CH 2 ) 2 .
• q is 0.
• Ar represents -Ar 2 -Ar 3 and Ar 2 represents phenyl i.e. a compound of formula (IB)
• R 2 groups may be located on any position on the phenyl ring.
• R 1 represents hydrogen or C 1-4 alkyl. More preferably, R 1 represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl. Even more preferably, R 1 represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or isopropyl.
• q represents 0 or 1.
• R 2 preferably represents hydrogen, halogen, C ⁇ -6 alkyl or - ⁇ alkoxy. More preferably, R 2 represents hydrogen, halogen, C ⁇ -4 alkyl or C ⁇ _ 4 alkoxy. Even more preferably, R 2 represents hydrogen, methoxy or bromo.
• Ar 2 preferably represents phenyl optionally substituted by chloro, fluoro, methoxy or cyano.
• Ar 3 preferably represents phenyl optionally substituted by hydrogen, C ⁇ . alkyl or C ⁇ -4 alkoxy.
• n and n both represent 2.
• R is preferably hydrogen or methoxy.
• the Ar 3 group is located at the meta-position relative to the sulfone group i.e. a compound of formula (D3) b
• Ar 3 is preferably phenyl.
• the optional substituents on the phenyl ring are preferably chloro, fluoro, methoxy and cyano.
• the Ar 3 group is located at the para-position relative to the sulfone group i.e. a compound of formula (IB) 0
• Ar 3 is preferably phenyl.
• the optional substituents on the phenyl ring are preferably chloro, fluoro, methoxy and cyano.
• the R 4 group is located at the para-position relative to the sulfone group i.e. a compound of formula (IB) d
• R 4 is preferably hydrogen or methyl.
• the R 4 group is located at the ortho-position relative to the sulfone group i.e. a compound of formula (IB) e
• R is located in the ortho-position i.e. compounds of formula (D3) e , R is preferably hydrogen or methoxy.
• the Ar 3 group is located at the meta-position relative to the sulfone group and the R 4 group is located at the para-position relative to the sulfone group i.e. a compound of formula (IB) f
• the Ar 3 group is located at the para-position relative to the sulfone group and the R 4 group is located at the ortho-position relative to the sulfone group i.e. a compound of formula (D3) g
• m is 2, n is 2 and q is 1, the R 2 group is located at the para-position relative to the group B, the R 3 group is located at the meta-position relative to the sulfone group, the R 4 group is located at the para-position relative to the sulfone group and the invention is a compound of formula (D3) h :
• m is 2, n is 2 and q is 1, the R 2 group is located at the para-position relative to the group B, the Ar 3 group is located at the meta-position relative to the sulfone group, the R 4 group is located at the ortho-position relative to the sulfone group and the invention is a compound of formula (IB) 1 :
• the Ar 3 group is located at the ortho-position relative to the sulfone group i.e. a compound of formula (IC)
• R 5 and R 6 independently represent hydrogen or C1. 4 a.kyl. More preferably, R 5 and R 6 independently represent hydrogen or methyl.
• R 2 represents an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, or an optionally substituted heterocyclyl
• the optional substituents are independently selected from chloro, fluoro, bromo, methyl, ethyl, t-butyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, cyano and -S-methyl.
• Ar 3 represents phenyl
• the optional substituents are independently selected from chloro, fluoro, bromo, methyl, ethyl, t-butyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, cyano and -S-methyl.
• Ar 3 represents phenyl, the optional substituents are independently selected from chloro, fluoro, bromo, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy and cyano.
• R 4 represents hydrogen, C ⁇ _ 4 alkyl or C ⁇ -4 alkoxy. More preferably, R 4 represents hydrogen, methyl or methoxy.
• n 1 and the invention is a compound of formula (ID):
• m is 2 and n is 1 and the invention is a compound of formula (IE):
• m is 1 and n is 2 and the invention is a compound of formula (IF):
• m is 2 and n is 2 and the invention is a compound of formula (IG):
• the compounds of the present invention may be in the form of their free base or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, particularly the monohydrochloride or monomesylate salts or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof.
• the compounds of formula (I) can form acid addition salts thereof. It will be appreciated that for use in medicine the salts of the compounds of formula (I) should be pharmaceutically acceptable. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include those described in J. Pharm. Sci., 1977, 66, 1-19, such as acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids e.g. hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric or phosphoric acid; and organic acids e.g. succinic, maleic, acetic, fumaric, citric, tartaric, benzoic, p-toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic acid.
• the present invention includes within its scope all possible stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric forms.
• the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared in crystalline or non-crystalline form, and, if crystalline, may optionally be solvated, eg. as the hydrate.
• This invention includes within its scope stoichiometric solvates (eg. hydrates) as well as compounds containing variable amounts of solvent (eg. water).
• Certain compounds of formula (I) are capable of existing in stereoisomeric forms (e.g. diastereomers and enantiomers) and the invention extends to each of these stereoisomeric forms and to mixtures thereof including racemates.
• the different stereoisomeric forms may be separated one from the other by the usual methods, or any given isomer may be obtained by stereospecific or asymmetric synthesis.
• the invention also extends to any tautomeric forms and mixtures thereof.
• the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which process comprises:
• R la and R 2a represent R 1 and R 2 as hereinbefore defined or are groups that may be readily convertible to R 1 and R 2 , q is as defined above and L 1 represents a suitable leaving group (eg. a halogen atom such as chorine or fluorine); with a compound of formula Ar a -M, wherein Ar a is Ar as defined above or is optionally protected, and M represents a metal residue (eg. lithium or magnesium bromide) and thereafter, as necessary, deprotecting a protected derivative of a compound of formula (I); or
• R la , q and R 2a are as defined above and M' represents a metal residue (eg. sodium); with a compound of formula Ar a -L 2 , wherein Ar a is as defined above and L 2 represents a suitable leaving group (eg. a halogen atom such as chlorine or bromine) and thereafter, as necessary, deprotecting a protected derivative of a compound of formula (I); or
• Process (a) can be conveniently performed by mixing the two components at preferably -70°C to room temperature in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or ether for 10 minutes to 18 hours. Removal of certain R l protecting groups e.g. trifluoroacetyl, can also take place simultaneously during this process.
• a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or ether
• Process (b) typically comprises the use of a Lewis acid (eg. A1C1 3 ) and a suitable solvent such as chlorobenzene.
• a Lewis acid eg. A1C1 3
• a suitable solvent such as chlorobenzene
• Process (c) typically comprises the use of a suitable solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide and may optionally be performed in the presence of a copper salt such as copper (I) iodide at an elevated temperature, eg. 120°C.
• a suitable solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide
• a copper salt such as copper (I) iodide at an elevated temperature, eg. 120°C.
• Suitable amine protecting groups include sulphonyl (e.g. tosyl), acyl (e.g. acetyl, 2',2',2'-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl) and arylalkyl (e.g. benzyl), which may be removed by hydrolysis (e.g. using an acid such as hydrochloric acid) or reductively (e.g.
• Suitable amine protecting groups include trifluoroacetyl (-COCF 3 ) which may be removed by base catalysed hydrolysis or a solid phase resin bound benzyl group, such as a Merrifield resin bound 2,6-dimethoxybenzyl group (Ellman linker), which may be removed by acid catalysed hydrolysis, for example with trifluoroacetic acid.
• Process (e) may be performed using conventional interconversion procedures such as epimerisation, oxidation, reduction, alkylation, nucleophilic or electrophilic aromatic substitution, ester hydrolysis or amide bond formation.
• interconversion procedures such as epimerisation, oxidation, reduction, alkylation, nucleophilic or electrophilic aromatic substitution, ester hydrolysis or amide bond formation.
• Interconversion of one of the R la , R 2a or Ar a groups to the corresponding R 1 , R 2 or Ar groups typically arises when one compound of formula (I) is used as the immediate precursor of another compound of formula (I), or when it is easier to introduce a more complex or reactive substituent at the end of a synthetic sequence.
• conversion of R la from a t-butoxycarbonyl (BOC) group to hydrogen is conducted by the treatment of the ⁇ -BOC protected compound with hydrogen chloride in ethanol or dioxan
• Conversion of R la from hydrogen to an alkyl group is conducted by the treatment of the ⁇ H compound with the appropriate aldehyde in dichloroethane in the presence of a reducing agent, such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride, or by the treatment of the ⁇ H compound with the appropriate alkyl halide, such as iodomethane, under standard alkylation conditions (potassium carbonate in DMF at 60°C).
• a reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride
• the present invention also provides a general process (A) for preparing compounds of formula (I) wherein Ar represents -Ar 2 Ar 3 and Ar 2 represents phenyl, which process comprises:
• R la , R 2 , Ar 3a and R 4a represent R 1 , R 2 , Ar 3 and R 4 as hereinbefore defined or are groups that may be readily convertible to R 1 , R 2 , Ar 3 and R 4 .
• This general method (A) can be conveniently performed by mixing the two components in a suitable solvent such as toluene or ethanol containing aqueous sodium carbonate and a catalytic amount of Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 at room temperature or reflux under argon.
• the present invention also provides a general process (B) for preparing compounds of formula (I) which process comprises:
• L is a leaving group, such as fluoro, chloro, alkoxy or aryloxy
• M is a metal, such as lithium or magnesium
• A, B and q are as hereinbefore defined and R la , R 2a and Ar a represent R 1 , R 2 and Ar as hereinbefore defined or are groups that may be readily convertible to R 1 , R 2 and Ar.
• This general method (B) can be conveniently performed by mixing the two components at preferably -70°C to room temperature in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or ether for 10 minutes to 18 hours.
• the present invention also provides a general process (C) for preparing compounds of formula (I) which process comprises:
• Compounds of formula (Hi) may be prepared by reduction of a compound of formula (E) using a suitable reducing agent such as sodium sulfite in the presence of a base such as sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate in a suitable solvent system such as aqueous tetrahydrofuran. Where the compound of formula (JH) is isolated as a free acid, deprotonation can be achieved by treatment with a base, eg. sodium hydride.
• Compounds of formula (VI) may be prepared by metal halogen exchange using the corresponding bromo analogue as starting material and t-butyl lithium at low temperature.
• Compounds of formula (VII) are commercially available or may be prepared by chlorosulfonylation of the aromatic ring. Conversion to the sulfonyl fluoride can be achieved, if required, by reaction with potassium fluoride in acetonitrile at room temperature.
• Compounds of formula (Vm) may be prepared by reduction of compounds of formula ( ⁇ ) using for example lithium aluminium hydride in tetrahydrofuran. Deprotonation of the thiol can be achieved by treatment with base, e.g. sodium hydride.
• compositions may be prepared conventionally by reaction with the appropriate acid or acid derivative.
• Compounds of formula (I), in particular compounds of formula (IA) and (IC) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts have affinity for the 5-HT 6 receptor and are believed to be of potential use in the treatment of certain CNS disorders such as anxiety, depression, epilepsy, obsessive compulsive disorders, migraine, cognitive memory disorders (e.g. Alzheimers disease, age related cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment), Parkinsons Disease, ADHD (Attention Deficit Disorder/Hyperactivity Syndrome), sleep disorders (including disturbances of Circadian rhythm), feeding disorders such as anorexia and bulimia, panic attacks, withdrawal from drug abuse such as cocaine, ethanol, nicotine and benzodiazepines, schizophrenia, and also disorders associated with spinal trauma and/or head injury such as hydrocephalus.
• Compounds of the invention are also expected to be of use in the treatment of certain GI (gastrointestinal) disorders such as IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome).
• the invention also provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use as a therapeutic substance, in particular in the treatment or prophylaxis of the above disorders.
• the invention provides for a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of depression, anxiety,
• Alzheimers disease age related cognitive decline, ADHD, obesity, mild cognitive impairment and schizophrenia.
• Certain compounds of formula (I), in particular, compounds of formula (IB) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may also have affinity for the 5-HT2 a d 5-HT2A receptors. These properties may give rise to anti-psychotic activity (e.g. improved effects on cognitive dysfunction) activity with reduced extrapyramidal side effects (eps), and/or anxiolytic/antidepressant activity. These could include, but are not limited to, attenuation of cognitive symptoms via 5-HT 6 receptor blockade (see Reavill, C.
• Certain compounds of formula (I), in particular, compounds of formula (IB) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts have also been found to exhibit affinity for dopamine receptors, in particular the D3 and D2 receptors, and are useful in the treatment of disease states which require modulation of such receptors, such as psychotic conditions.
• Many of the compounds of formula (EB) have also been found to have greater affinity for dopamine D3 than for D2 receptors.
• the therapeutic effect of currently available antipsychotic agents is generally believed to be exerted via blockade of D2 receptors; however this mechanism is also thought to be responsible for undesirable eps associated with many neuroleptic agents.
• Preferred compounds of the present invention are therefore those which have higher (e.g. > lOx ) affinity for dopamine D3 than dopamine D2 receptors (such affinity can be measured using standard methodology for example using cloned dopamine receptors - see herein).
• Certain compounds of formula (I) may also exhibit affinity for other receptors not mentioned above, resulting in beneficial antipyschotic activity.
• Certain compounds of formula (I), in particular, compounds of formula (IB) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are of use as antipsychotic agents for example in the treatment of schizophrenia, schizo-affective disorders, schizophreniform diseases, psychotic depression, mania, acute mania, paranoid and delusional disorders. Furthermore, they may have utility as adjunct therapy in Parkinsons Disease, particularly with compounds such as L-DOPA and possibly dopaminergic agonists, to reduce the side effects experienced with these treatments on long term use (e.g. see Schwartz et al., Brain Res. Reviews, 1998, 26, 236-242).
• D3 receptors D3 receptors
• substance abuse examples include alcohol, cocaine, heroin and nicotine abuse.
• Other conditions which may be treated by the compounds include dyskinetic disorders such as Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic- induced parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias; depression; anxiety; agitation; tension; social or emotional withdrawal in psychotic patients; cognitive impairment including memory disorders such as Alzheimer's disease; psychotic states associated with neurodegenerative disorders, e.g.
• Alzheimer's disease eating disorders; obesity; sexual dysfunction; sleep disorders; emesis; movement disorders; obsessive-compulsive disorders; amnesia; aggression; autism; vertigo; dementia; circadian rhythm disorders; and gastric motility disorders e.g. IBS.
• the invention provides a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use in therapy.
• the invention also provides a compound of formula (I) and in particular a compound of formula (IB) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use in the treatment of a condition which requires modulation of a dopamine receptor.
• the invention also provides a compound of formula (I) and in particular a compound of formula (IB) as hereinbefore described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use in the treatment of psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, Parkinsons disease, substance abuse, dyskinetic disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, cognitive impairment, eating disorders, obesity, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive- compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, autism, vertigo, dementia, circadian rhythm disorders and gastric motility disorders.
• psychotic disorders schizophrenia, Parkinsons disease, substance abuse, dyskinetic disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, cognitive impairment, eating disorders, obesity, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive- compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, autism, vertigo, dementia, circadian rhythm disorders and gastric motility disorders.
• the invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I) and in particular a compound of formula (IB) as hereinbefore described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a condition which requires modulation of a dopamine receptor.
• the invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I) and in particular a compound of formula (IB) as hereinbefore described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, Parkinsons disease, substance abuse, dyskinetic disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, cognitive impairment, eating disorders, obesity, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, autism, vertigo, dementia, circadian rhythm disorders and gastric motility disorders.
• psychotic disorders schizophrenia, Parkinsons disease, substance abuse, dyskinetic disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, cognitive impairment, eating disorders, obesity, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, autism, vertigo, dementia, circadian rhythm disorders and gastric motility disorders.
• the invention also provides a method of treating a condition which requires modulation of a dopamine receptor, which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) and in particular a compound of formula (IB) as hereinbefore described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
• a preferred use for dopamine antagonists according to the present invention is in the treatment of psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, Parkinsons disease, substance abuse, dyskinetic disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety and cognitive impairment.
• the invention further provides a method of treatment or prophylaxis of the above disorders, in mammals including humans, which comprises administering to the sufferer a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of the above disorders.
• a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• a pharmaceutical composition of the invention which may be prepared by admixture, suitably at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, is usually adapted for oral, parenteral or rectal administration and, as such, may be in the form of tablets, capsules, oral liquid preparations, powders, granules, lozenges, reconstitutable powders, injectable or infusable solutions or suspensions or suppositories. Orally administrable compositions are generally preferred.
• Tablets and capsules for oral administration may be in unit dose form, and may contain conventional excipients, such as binding agents, fillers, tabletting lubricants, disintegrants and acceptable wetting agents.
• the tablets may be coated according to methods well known in normal pharmaceutical practice.
• Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspension, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be in the form of a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
• Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, emulsifying agents, non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), preservatives, and, if desired, conventional flavourings or colourants.
• fluid unit dosage forms are prepared utilising a compound of the invention or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a sterile vehicle.
• the compound depending on the vehicle and concentration used, can be either suspended or dissolved in the vehicle.
• the compound can be dissolved for injection and filter sterilised before filling into a suitable vial or ampoule and sealing.
• adjuvants such as a local anaesthetic, preservatives and buffering agents are dissolved in the vehicle.
• the composition can be frozen after filling into the vial and the water removed under vacuum.
• Parenteral suspensions are prepared in substantially the same manner, except that the compound is suspended in the vehicle instead of being dissolved, and sterilization cannot be accomplished by filtration.
• the compound can be sterilised by exposure to ethylene oxide before suspension in a sterile vehicle.
• a surfactant or wetting agent is included in the composition to facilitate uniform distribution of the compound.
• composition may contain from 0.1% to 99% by weight, preferably from 10 to 60% by weight, of the active material, depending on the method of administration.
• suitable unit doses may be 0.05 to 1000 mg, more suitably 0.05 to 20.0 mg, for example 0.2 to 5 mg; and such unit doses may be administered more than once a day, for example two or three times a day, so that the total daily dosage is in the range of about 0.5 to 100 mg; and such therapy may extend for a number of weeks or months.
• Chlorosulphonic acid 75ml was cooled to 10°C and treated with 3-(2',2',2'- trichloroethyloxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (D4) (57.5g, 0.18 mol), added slowly over 30 minutes, with ice bath cooling to maintain the temperature below 20°C.
• the mixture was stirred for 16 hours then poured slowly onto a mixture of ice (400g) and dichloromethane (150ml) with vigorous stirring. The mixture was extracted into dichloromethane (2 x 100ml), and the combined extracts washed with water (2 x 100ml), filtered through celite and dried over sodium sulphate.
• Potassium fluoride (1.8 g, 30.98 mmol) was added to a solution of crude 3-(2',2',2'- trichloroethyloxycarbonyl)-7-chlorosulfonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (D5) (6.8 g, 16.78 mmol) in acetonitrile (30 ml). 18-crown-6 (0.068g) was then added and the solution stirred for 18 h.
• Example 43 7-(3-(l J H-indolyl)sulfonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lJ ⁇ -3-benzazepine (E43) t ⁇ uLi (1.7 M in pentane, 5.7 mL) was added slowly to a solution of 3-bromo-l-(t- butyldimethylsilyl) indole (1.5 g, 4.83 mmol) at -78 °C, under argon.
• Examples 46-48 were prepared using analogous procedures to Examples 1, 2 and 3. Products were isolated as either the free bases or hydrochloride salts. All J H NMR are consistent with the structures shown.
• the ability of the compounds to bind selectively to human D2/D3 dopamine receptors can be demonstrated by measuring their binding to cloned receptors.
• the inhibition constants (K j ) of test compounds for displacement of [125 ⁇ j_ 0( j OS ul ⁇ ride binding to human D2/D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells were determined as follows. The cell lines were shown to be free from bacterial, fungal and mycoplasmal contaminants, and stocks of each were stored frozen in liquid nitrogen. Cultures were grown as monolayers or in suspension in standard cell culture media. Cells were recovered by scraping (from monolayers) or by centrifugation (from suspension cultures), and were washed two or three times by suspension in phosphate buffered saline followed by collection by centrifugation. Cell pellets were stored frozen at -80°C. Crude cell membranes were prepared by homogenisation followed by high-speed centrifugation, and characterisation of cloned receptors achieved by radioligand binding.
• CHO cell membranes Preparation of CHO cell membranes: Cell pellets were gently thawed at room temperature, and resuspended in about 20 volumes of ice-cold Extraction buffer; 5mM EDTA, 50mM Trizma preset crystals ( ⁇ H7.4@37°C), ImM MgCl 2 , 5mM KC1 and 120mM NaCl. The suspension was homogenised using an Ultra-Turrax at full speed for 15 seconds. The homogenate was centrifuged at 18,000 r.p.m for 15 min at 4°C in a Sorvall RC5C centrifuge. Supernatant was discarded, and homogenate re-suspended in extraction buffer then centrifugation was repeated.
• the protein content was determined using a BCA protocol and bovine serum albumin as a standard (Smith, P. K., et al., Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid. Anal. Biochem. 150, 76-85 (1985)).
• Binding experiments Crude D2/D3 cell membranes were incubated with 0.03nM [125rj_ Iodosulpride (-2000 Ci/mmol; Amersham, U. K., and the test compound in a buffer containing 50mM Trizma pre-set crystals (pH 7.4 @ 37°C), 120mM NaCl, 5mM KC1, 2mM CaCl 2 , ImM MgCi2, 0.3% (w/v) bovine serum albumin. The total volume is 0.2ml and incubated in a water bath at 37°C for 40 minutes.
• the exemplified compounds have pKj values within the range of 5.8 - 8.0 at the dopamine D 3 receptor.
• the exemplified compounds have pKj values within the range of 5.3 -6.6 at the dopamine D 2 receptor.
• the exemplified compounds have pK values within the range of 6.7 - 10.0 at the serotonin 5- HT 6 receptor. More particularly, the compounds of Examples 43 and 44 have pKj values within the range of 9.0-10.0.
• the exemplified compounds have pK values within the range of 6.4 - 9.0 at the serotonin 5-

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