WO2003056444A1 - Systeme de composition de documents - Google Patents

Systeme de composition de documents Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003056444A1
WO2003056444A1 PCT/US2002/040934 US0240934W WO03056444A1 WO 2003056444 A1 WO2003056444 A1 WO 2003056444A1 US 0240934 W US0240934 W US 0240934W WO 03056444 A1 WO03056444 A1 WO 03056444A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
user
document
ideas
module
source
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PCT/US2002/040934
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English (en)
Inventor
Choon Lee
Leilah Lyons
Scott Paris
Bernard Galler
Brian Huang
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Cognilearn, Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Cognilearn, Inc filed Critical Cognilearn, Inc
Priority to AU2002360702A priority Critical patent/AU2002360702A1/en
Publication of WO2003056444A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003056444A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
    • G06F40/10—Text processing
    • G06F40/166—Editing, e.g. inserting or deleting
    • G06F40/169—Annotation, e.g. comment data or footnotes

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to document composing systems, and particularly relates to assimilation, sharing, and organizational linking of information based on cognitive principles.
  • the second model emphasizes the kinds of cognitive control processes that operate on the information to transfer it from short- term memory (STM) into long-term memory (LTM). These processes include rehearsal, imagery, and transformation into meaningful chunks or units.
  • the third model emphasizes the "depth of processing" or degree of cognitive analyses applied to the stimuli. The more deeply and meaningfully the stimulus is examined, the more likely it is to be remembered. More information on this point may be found in, Craik, F.I.M., & Lockhart, R.S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671- 684. The strength of associations, effectiveness of control processes, and depth of processing make information memorable in similar ways according to three principles.
  • Schemata may be visual tools such as outlines or diagrams that contain text, symbols, and images.
  • Hyerle describes three types of visual tools. More information on these visual tools may be found in Hyerle, D. (1996). Visual tools for constructing knowledge. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. The first visual tool is brainstorming webs for personal knowledge because the nodes and relations that are constructed represent personal links. The second kind of visual tool is task-specific organizers for isolated content tasks such as decision trees or diagrams. The third type of visual tool is thinking process maps that enable transfer. These would map relations such as concepts and systems. Hyerle claims that thinking maps help to clarify important information; they help to expand conceptual relations and thematic connections; and they help assimilate information for novel applications and multiple perspectives.
  • a good example of visual thinking tools are graphic organizers that display relations such as main idea and supporting details or set- subset relations or temporal and causal sequences. These pictorial representations of information facilitate learning and memory More information on this point may be found in Ausubel, D. (1968). Educational psychology: A cognitive view. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Still more information on this point may be found in Novak, J.D., & Gowin, B.D. (1984). Learning how to learn. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. These graphic formats can be used as paper and pencil learning aids or displayed visually on computer monitors. When coupled with learner controlled transformation of information, they allow powerful ways to collect, transform, represent, embellish, and annotate information with additional cues that can enhance learning and memory.
  • a viewing and editing system for representing, comprehending, and interacting with multiple documents stored in memory operable with a digital processing system includes a display module operable to render document contents to an active display. It further includes an annotation link module operable to establish annotation links between users' ideas and locations in document contents, and an organization link module operable to establish organization links between users' ideas and users' ideas.
  • the present invention is a document composing system having a graphic user interface simultaneously providing a source document display region adapted to display a source document, and a composition document display region adapted to display a composition document.
  • An interaction module is adapted to allow a user to select portions of the source document using the graphic user interface, and copy selected portions of the source document to the composition document using the user interface.
  • An organization module is adapted to automatically create links between copied portions of the source document and pasted portions of the composition document.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram depicting the graphic user interface according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram depicting collaborative sharing of workdesks according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram depicting user-defined labels according to the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a block diagram depicting user-selection of multiple portions of document content according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram depicting annotation layers according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram depicting before and after search results with active anchors according to the present invention.
  • the document composing system (DCS) in accordance with the present invention corresponds to a computer program designed to assist the user in her learning effort. Improving cognitive learning can be described as the improving the assimilation process that takes place for an individual, capturing more information in shorter amounts of time in easier ways.
  • the DCS Software consists of three basic categories of modules and functionalities: (1 ) collection; (2) organization; and (3) interaction.
  • the collection toolset offers the viewer a set of functionalities helping her gather information from various sources.
  • the gathering of information can take place over a communications network, over a local area network or from a local storage space.
  • the collection tool can be applied either to webpages, databanks, libraries and other kinds of storage locations where information is allocated.
  • the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the software allows the user to "download" information to a local disk-space for storage or display and to select information and information segments for further development and processing.
  • the organization segment of the program provides the user with a flexible set of tools to introduce a user-determined organization scheme to information gathered. Most effectively, this tool works in conjunction with information gathered, as the user "grabs” the information (e.g. over the Internet) and "deposits" the material or segments of the material (displayed as an icon) to a certain folder or storage-bin structure. [0022] Once information has been gathered, the user has the choice to examine and investigate a particular material in depth. Such detailed study of the material entails various kinds of engagement with the material, such as reading, writing, annotating, and combinations of these.
  • the invention provides the user with the ability to perform such interactive learning activities in far easier fashion than currently possible with other commercially available software, providing the user with a transparent, easy-to-use tool - a most critical step to improve the assimilation that takes place with the material.
  • the interaction segment of the software provides features and tools in the following activities: (1) underlining; (2) rapid notetaking; (3) writing; (4) diagramming and drawing of concept maps and other graphical representations; (5) marginal commenting; (6) marking and flagging; (7) searching; and (8) display and various kinds of display of information.
  • the software allows the user to transform information easily from one representation to another. For example, the writing of text can be easily transformed by a click of a button to a graphical representation (and vice- versa).
  • the interactive user-environment allows the user the simultaneous display and input of information, hence, avoiding the need for the user to switch between separate types of applications.
  • the present invention provides a system that allows users to collect, organize, and interact with electronic documents in manners that facilitate both the users' understanding of the material contained in those documents and the user's ability to reuse the content of old documents in the composition of new documents. It maintains bi-directional links, which map the excerpts placed in new documents to the source documents that the excerpts were taken from, so that a user can easily relate a source document to its derivative documents and vice versa. It gives the users the option of seamlessly integrating documents taken from an existing database into a new database, which will be optimized for a higher degree of informational interaction.
  • the DCS has a more rigidly defined user interface 10 than many other software applications that allow the user to have multiple documents open simultaneously.
  • the left and right sides of the screen are reserved for source document display region 12 and composition document display region 14, respectively. These two regions do not overlap, and bar 16 separating region 12 from region 14 can be dragged with the mouse to the left or right to change how the screen space is apportioned to the two regions.
  • DCS allows multiple documents of the region's type to be open at a time and displayed in separate frames in the region as with source frames 18A, 18B, and 18C, and as with composition frames 20A and 20B.
  • the documents may not overlap or be resized horizontally independently of each other.
  • the document frames automatically take the width of their document region, and are only resized horizontally when that entire region is resized with bar 16.
  • Source document frames 18A-C share space with each other vertically; they do not overlap, and as the user resizes the vertical of one source document frame, the vertical sizes of the other source documents frames automatically adjust to accommodate it. If a user closes one of several document frames sharing a document region, the other document frame or expand vertically to fill the space freed by the closing. Conversely, opening a new document frame causes the existing document frame or frames already on display in the region to decrease in vertical size to allow space for the new document frame.
  • source manager area This is a region that displays the headers 24A, 24B, 24C, 24D, and 24E for all of the source document items that the user is currently working with, including those documents already open and on display in the source document frames 18A-C. Many more document items may be displayed in source manager area 22 than are open in the source document region 12.
  • composition document frames is an area that, when toggled, is filled with search area 26.
  • Search area 26 is used to find source documents that match criteria specified by the user within search area 26.
  • search area 26 does not overlap the composition areas' document frames 20A-B; summoning and dismissing search area 26 causes the document frame or frames on display within composition document region 14 to be resized to accommodate search area 26.
  • DC panel At the bottom of user interface 10 is a bar 28 known as the DC panel. This panel has many of the buttons used to manage files (like Save, Open, Import, and Export), changes (Undo and Redo), and preferences. The exact number of elements populating the DC panel depends upon the version of DCS in question.
  • some users may wish to obtain a majority of their documents via the Internet, either through web searches or from a third party content provider.
  • users may be obtaining the documents they wish to examine from the hard drives of their computers, from media devices such as floppy, Zip, or CD-ROM drives, or through a network connection to another computer.
  • the software has an integrated web browser that can read, display, and import HTML and other file formats commonly distributed via websites.
  • the program obtains a copy of the original document, and temporarily stores it in the user's domain.
  • the software then converts the original file from its native format into the software's custom DCS format (.ovf), and stores the converted DCS file, leaving the original file intact.
  • the users may wish to get their content from a local storage device, either a media storage device or a hard drive.
  • the original source file is not be erased.
  • the software reads the original source document, creates another version of the file in the custom DCS file format (.ovf), and stores this new version separately.
  • Some versions of the DCS software may have an integrated email program. This program allows the user to import documents sent as email attachments into the DCS software as source documents. The importation process once again creates and stores a new .ovf version of the attached file in the user's domain, assuming that the attached file is in a file format recognized by the DCS software.
  • Some users may be obtaining source documents from an existing database of documents. Rather than requiring the user to retrieve documents outside of the DCS program and then import them into DCS, some versions of DCS support seamless document retrieval and importation from databases through components that integrate the user interface of DCS with the document location and retrieval functionality of the database software.
  • a user may be engaged in one or more projects, wherein a project corresponds to a user-defined work area or topic. For example, an employee of a firm may have been given the task of composing a new document that needs to be an outgrowth of other, similar documents that members of the firm have already written. In the course of composing the new document, the employee may be simultaneously using several source documents as references.
  • a similar situation can occur when the user is a student who is researching and composing notes on several different topics. For each topic, the student likely has numerous source documents from which he or she wishes to quote excerpts.
  • the DCS software gives the user the option of not only saving the contents of the document he or she is composing, but to also save the entire workdesk environment, wherein a workdesk environment corresponds to all of the documents that are currently open, and the on-screen positioning of the windows that are displaying those documents.
  • a user may create as many workdesk environment files as they desire. At any time, a user may load a previously created workdesk environment file.
  • DCS retrieves the source document files and composition files specified by the workspace environment file and display them in windows having sizes and on-screen locations specified by the workspace environment file.
  • Loading a workspace file is not an additive process; any windows that the user may have had open prior to loading the new workspace environment are closed and replaced by the windows of documents specified by the workspace file. If any of the prior windows contain unsaved changes, the user is prompted to save them, should they so desire, before the retrieval of the workspace environment commences.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the split-screen collaborative environment 30 acco ⁇ rding to the present invention.
  • a user may share the resulting file with other users of the DCS software by exporting the workspace environment file as a template 32A2, via email 32B2, and/or to a document database 32D2.
  • other users can import the workdesk environment, and a form of work desk sharing is accomplished as at 36A and 36B.
  • the source document files & composition document file specified by the workspace environment file are retrieved and "packaged" with the environment file in a compressed file format, which can then be saved to some sort of media device (like a Zip disk) or sent to another user via email as an attachment. If the source document files and composition file are stored on another computer and accessed via a network connection, temporary local copies of the file are made to ease the workdesk environment "packaging" process.
  • the DCS software can create two types of files, for which there are two file formats.
  • the standard DCS file format is used for both source document files and composition files, and has the file extension ".ovf.”
  • the workdesk environment file is used to store details about the workdesk environment, and has the extension ".desk.”
  • labeling modifications There are three types of modifications that get stored in a source document file's modification data: labeling modifications, marginal notation modifications, and annotation modifications.
  • the first type, labeling modifications are referred to by the term "labels". Labels allow the DCS software to be able to recognize certain portions of documents as being labeled with specific characteristics, which in turn allows the user to perform searches for labels with particular characteristics.
  • a label has two types of data associated with it: scope 38 of the label (which is determined by the start and the end of the labeled portion of the document), and title 40 of the label (which is a text string that will be entered by the user).
  • Users may locate a label by performing a search for its title.
  • Some versions of the DCS software may allow the users to predefine the label titles, so that they may be more easily and uniformly applied.
  • Some versions of DCS may also allow the user to apply labels that have more than one searchable parameter. For example, a label may have an "emphasis modifier" parameter, which can be specified by the user in addition to the title. This "emphasis modifier" can then be used as another search parameter to distinguish between two labels that have the same title, but different degrees of emphasis.
  • New, blank labels are created when the user left-mouse-clicks in the special vertical, rectangular region 42 of a source document frame 18.
  • the onscreen position of the mouse click is mapped to the on-screen portion of the document text, and a label widget is displayed at that location, which is by default both the start and the end of the label's scope.
  • the end 44 of the labeled portion of the document text is adjusted by left-mouse-clicking on the size component of the label widget and dragging it until the label is sized correctly to encompass the desired region of the document.
  • the user may enter the label title 40 either by typing it into the title component of the label widget, or by selecting it from a drop-down of title choices that is displayed in the label widget. If emphasis modifiers are present in the version of DCS, they may be selected from another drop-down component of the label widget.
  • Another method may be used to create labels. Rather than left- mouse-clicking in the special rectangular region of the source document window, the user can right-mouse-click in that region.
  • the right-mouse-click summons a pop-up menu, which is populated with the last few label titles used by the user, and the exact number can be adjusted through user preferences. If the user chooses one of these label options, the label will be created at the right-click location, and the selected title will be automatically added to the label. If the version of DCS supports emphasis modifiers, the right-click popup menu selections include title-emphasis modifier pairings.
  • Additional, alternative versions of DCS may have different types of labels, which have different behaviors (similar to "macros" or "scripts") associated with them. These label types may be user-defined, or they may be predefined for that version of DCS.
  • Another type of modification that can be made to a DCS source document is what is called a "marginal comment.”
  • the activity of making marginal comments takes place in yet another rectangular marginal region 48 on the left side of the DCS document frame 18. After clicking with the left mouse button in region 48, the users can type whatever sort of commentary they see fit.
  • the marginal comments are tied to a particular location in the DCS document. There are two pieces of data stored for the marginal notation modifications: the relative location of each comment within the document; and the textual contents of each comment.
  • the present invention also includes file annotation.
  • File annotation is a generalized term used to describe an activity performed by the user to change or influence noticeably for the user the appearance and content of a document.
  • annotations are performed without altering the original content of the document itself. Essentially, while viewing a DCS source document, the user may wish to highlight, underline, black out, change the font color, or strike out a portion of the text.
  • the user can create annotations by performing a click-and-drag operation with the mouse until the desired text had been selected.
  • DCS differs from most of standard word processing programs, which allow a user to select only one contiguous portion of text at a time.
  • DCS allows the user to select multiple, discontinuous portions 50A, 50B, and 50C of text.
  • a current selection is lost only when the user applies an annotation style or selects the option to clear the current selection.
  • the type of annotation that gets applied to the selected text is determined by the user when the user clicks the right-mouse button. When the user clicks this button, a pop-up menu appears at the location of the right mouse click, populated with the different annotation options.
  • annotation style For example, the different colors the annotation can have
  • sub-options for example, the different colors the annotation can have
  • the DCS software records the user's last sub-option choice for each annotation style (for example, the color the user preferred for each style), and indicates this choice in the top-level of the annotation pop-up menu. This allows the user to choose an annotation style by merely clicking on one of the annotation choices in the top level of the pop-up menu's hierarchy if they wish to continue using the same sub-option choice for that annotation option.
  • the annotation modifications are stored by recording the beginning location and end location for each modification, along with the type of annotation.
  • the different annotation styles are treated visually and conceptually as different layers 50D, 52A, 54A, and 56A.
  • highlighted annotations for selected portions of text stored in layer 50D are appropriately applied to text in the underlying document as at 50A, 50B, and 50C.
  • an underlining annotation for a selected portion of text stored in layer 52A is appropriately applied to text in the underlying document as at 52B.
  • a blackout annotation for a selected portion of text stored in layer 54A is appropriately applied to text in the underlying document as at 54B.
  • a strikethrough annotation for a selected portion of text stored in layer 56A is appropriately applied to text in the underlying document as at 56B.
  • annotations can overlap each other - thus, a portion of text, for example, may be both highlighted as at 50C and underlined as at 56B.
  • Alternative versions of DCS may allow users the option of attaching certain macro scripts to the different annotation styles, so they can add functionality to their annotation schemes. For example, a user may wish to import all of the underlined portions of the text into the composition document. Rather than doing it piecemeal, the user may attach a macro script to the underline annotation style so that when a certain, specified key combination is pressed (like F3, or Ctrl-E), all underlined text is automatically and sequentially copied over to the composition document.
  • a certain, specified key combination like F3, or Ctrl-E
  • the user can customize the annotations by editing the user preferences. For example, a user may wish to specify the exact colors they would like available for highlights. Some versions of DCS may also allow the users to customize and edit the behaviors (macro scripts) associated with the annotations.
  • All alterations to the document such as highlighting or underlining, appended marginal notes, and labeling tags, are stored without altering the textual contents of the original source document.
  • a similar scheme can be applied to nontextual documents as well. For example, when a drawing tool is used, any sketches made on top of an image in a DCS document can be stored separately, in a format that supports alpha-channel transparency, to allow them to be overlaid at display time without actually altering the original image.
  • a user may import any selected portion of text from a source document into the composition window.
  • the composition window is a limited text- editing program - it's function is not to allow the user to write and format new documents so much as to assemble new documents from portions of previously existing source documents.
  • One of the options presented to the user when they select a portion of text in the source document and right-mouse-click is to import the selected text into the composition window. If this option is chosen, the selected text, contiguous or not, is imported into the composition window in the same order it is displayed in the source. In other words, the selected portions of text are not imported in the order of their selection. Whatever annotations may have been applied to the selected text in the source document may or may not be carried over to the composition window.
  • the DCS software contains "hooks" to third-party word processing applications, so that with the click of a button the word-processing application will start and the current contents of the composition window will be exported into it.
  • the intent is to allow the user to have easy, seamless access to the advanced word- processing features of their preferred word processing program once they have collected the portions of text they desire from the source documents within the DCS environment.
  • the DCS software there is a custom database that is used to expand the client's content retrieval abilities.
  • the client is able to search for documents that match a list of parameters, which include standard qualities like the date of creation, the author, and document title, as well as parameters that relate to user modifications of the source documents and text searches.
  • Results of the search are displayed in the left side source region of the interface within the source manager area. Any source documents that are displayed in that region prior to the search are replaced by the files returned by the search, unless they are anchored, a process further described below with reference to Figure 6. Although the results of the search are handled as source documents, these files may in fact be documents created in the composition window and saved into the database by the user.
  • Figure 6 illustrates that source documents currently on display as at in DCS software may be "anchored" in place by the user by clicking a special- purpose anchor toggle button 60 that appears in the header of the source document frame 18B. Minimized headers in source manager area 22 can also be anchored as at 62A and 62B.
  • Activating the toggle button, thereby anchoring an open or minimized frame has two effects: when the user expands or minimizes other frames 18A and 18C displayed in the source document stack, the sizes of anchored, open frames are not changed, and when the user performs searches for files, anchored frames are not replaced by the search results. Results of a search are shown at 64, wherein contents of anchored frames 18B, 66A, and 66B have been preserved by virtue of having been anchored, whereas contents of frames 18A, 18C, 68A, 68B, and 68C have been altered to contain content of new source documents returned by the search.
  • a bi-directional link is created and stored both within the source and the composition document.
  • the purpose of this link is so that when a user is examining a portion of a source document, they may instantly access any composition documents that have excerpted that portion of the source document. Conversely, when a user is examining a portion of a composition document, the link will allow them to instantly access the source document that portion was excerpted from.
  • instantly access means that when the link is activated, the corresponding, linked document is opened (if it is not already) and automatically scrolled to the location of the excerpt.
  • the user may activate a link embedded in a source document by right-mouse-clicking on the text region and summoning the right-click popup menu.
  • a link In addition to the normal annotation-oriented items in the menu, there is a "link" menu item, which has a submenu populated with the names of all composition documents that have excerpts of that portion of the document. There may or may not be a visual cue in the source document that indicates which portions of text have ever been excerpted, depending on the version of DCS. Once a composition document title is selected from the submenu, the DCS software opens the specified file and scrolls to the linked excerpt.
  • the user may activate a link embedded in a composition document in the same way; by right-mouse clicking on the portion of text for which they desire to locate a source document.
  • a right click menu does not appear - the DCS software instead directly opens the relevant source document and scrolls to the location of the excerpt.
  • composition mode allows the user to add excerpts and type much as a standard word processing application does, with the addition of the previously mentioned bi-directional link functionality.
  • comment mode allows the user to add excerpts and type text to a composition document that scrolls synchronously with the current, active source document.
  • the composition document acts much like the marginal comment region discussed previously, allowing the user to take notes and add excerpts that are tied, when scrolling, to the line of the source document that they are placed next to.
  • the user may wish to view all notes made in the composition document while in comment mode without the intervening space that may separate the comments and excerpts. To do this, the user can click on the "fuse" button in the composition document's frame, and all extraneous space separating the text in the composition documents is stripped, compacting the document down to its smallest form. If the user makes no changes to this fused document, they may click on the "fuse" toggle button once again and the composition document is again expanded so that it can scroll synchronously with the active source document.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de composition de documents comprenant une interface utilisateur graphique (10) donnant simultanément une zone d'affichage du document source (12), conçue pour l'affichage d'un document source, et une zone d'affichage du document en composition, conçue pour l'affichage d'un document en composition. Un module d'interaction permet à l'utilisateur de sélectionner des parties (50A, 50B, 50C) du document source via l'interface utilisateur graphique (10), et de copier les parties sélectionnées (50A, 50B, 50C) du document source dans le document en composition via l'interface utilisateur graphique (10). Un module d'organisation crée automatiquement des liens entre les parties copiées (50A, 50B, 50C) du document source et les parties collées du document en composition.
PCT/US2002/040934 2001-12-21 2002-12-23 Systeme de composition de documents WO2003056444A1 (fr)

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US8645852B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2014-02-04 International Business Machines Corporation Drag and drop quoting mechanism for use with discussion forums
US9377942B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2016-06-28 International Business Machines Corporation Drag and drop quoting mechanism for use with discussion forums
US10346024B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2019-07-09 International Business Machines Corporation Drag and drop quoting mechanism for use with discussion forums
WO2011026223A1 (fr) * 2009-09-02 2011-03-10 Andrew Echenberg Distribution de contenu sur un réseau

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