WO2003056408A2 - Encre a rupture cohesive et document d'identification la comprenant - Google Patents

Encre a rupture cohesive et document d'identification la comprenant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003056408A2
WO2003056408A2 PCT/US2002/041470 US0241470W WO03056408A2 WO 2003056408 A2 WO2003056408 A2 WO 2003056408A2 US 0241470 W US0241470 W US 0241470W WO 03056408 A2 WO03056408 A2 WO 03056408A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ink
laminate
document
core
color
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PCT/US2002/041470
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English (en)
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WO2003056408A3 (fr
Inventor
Robert Jones
Bentley Bloomberg
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Digimarc Id Systems, Llc
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Publication date
Application filed by Digimarc Id Systems, Llc filed Critical Digimarc Id Systems, Llc
Priority to AU2002364019A priority Critical patent/AU2002364019A1/en
Publication of WO2003056408A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003056408A2/fr
Publication of WO2003056408A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003056408A3/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes

Definitions

  • the present invention is generally related to identification documents.
  • an identification document is printed with ink that is designed to cohesively fail upon intrusion.
  • ID documents (hereafter 'TD documents”) play a critical role in today's society. ID documents are used on a daily basis ⁇ to prove identity, to verify age, to access a secure area, to evidence driving privileges, and/or to cash a check, and so on.
  • ID documents can be used to make payments, access an ATM, debit an account, or make a payment, etc.
  • ID documents are broadly defined herein and include (but are not limited to), documents, magnetic disks, credit cards, bank cards, phone cards, passports, driver's licenses, network access cards, employee badges, debit cards, security cards, visas, immigration documentation, national ID cards, citizenship cards, social security cards and badges, certificates, identification cards or documents, voter registration cards, police ID cards, border crossing cards, security clearance badges and cards, gun permits, badges, gift certificates or cards, membership cards or badges, tags, CD's, consumer products, knobs, keyboards, electronic components, etc., or any other suitable items or articles that may record information, images, and/or other data, which may be associated with a function and/or an object or other entity to be identified.)
  • the ID document counterfeiter remains surprisingly resourceful. Improvements are needed to stay ahead of the counterfeiter.
  • One counterfeiting technique involves a de-lamination attack.
  • An ID document that includes a printed substrate covered by a laminate layer.
  • a de-lamination attack removes the laminate layer, sometimes with the aid of heat, to access information printed on the substrate. Once revealed, the counterfeiter can alter the printed information and reuse the substrate or laminate.
  • ID documents are susceptible to this type of attack.
  • the ID document including a substrate, ink applied to the substrate (or laminate layer) to convey information and a laminate layer covering the ink and substrate.
  • Conventional inks generally include a strong adhesion to either a document substrate or to a laminate.
  • a counterfeiter can use this design characteristic (adhesion) to his advantage.
  • the ink may adhere to the substrate layer or to a laminate layer.
  • the printed information is typically preserved on at least one layer and may be used again. (For example, if the ink adheres to a laminate, the counterfeiter can reuse the laminate. Or if the ink adheres to the substrate, the counterfeiter can perhaps alter the information by applying additional ink, or simply reuse the remaining information on the substrate.).
  • an image-receiving element 10 includes a support 12, a polymeric security layer 14 including printing, and an image- receiving layer 16.
  • the polymeric security layer 14 is designed such that its cohesivity is less than its adhesivity for each layer that is contiguous thereto (layers 16 and 12b).
  • a printed security pattern 18 is hopefully destroyed (into pieces 18a and 18b) through partitioning of the security layer 14 during an attempted de-lamination of the image- receiving layer 16 from the image-receiving element 12b (see FIG. 2).
  • the present invention provides improvements and efficiencies over the prior art.
  • ink that is designed to include about the same degree of adhesion to both a substrate layer and to a laminate layer.
  • the adhesion strength is preferably greater than the cohesion strength of the ink.
  • the security ink can be applied in a pattern. Upon de-lamination, the pattern is destroyed, e.g., preferably in an unpredictable manner, since the ink adheres to both the laminate and substrate. (We sometimes refer to this type of ink as "cohesive de- lamination ink,” “cohesive failure ink,” or “cohesively failing ink.”).
  • the de-laminated substrate will generally include part of the ink pattern, while the other part of the pattern generally remains with the laminate. Realigning the pattern is notably difficult.
  • An advantage of this inventive aspect is, e.g., that the ink itself exhibits the adhesive and cohesive characteristics, without relying on an additional layer, reducing the cost of an ID document.
  • Other advantages in some implementations may include, e.g., improved water resistance, heat intrusion resistance and improved adhesion.
  • An inventive aspect of one implementation is to provide cohesive failure ink in intertwined or complementary patterns. Consider a staircase or double helix pattern. If a de-lamination attack is made on a document including such interlocking patterns arranged with cohesive failing ink, cohesive failing ink cohesively de-laminates. Reusing the laminate and/or substrate is nearly impossible since the interlocking structure is extremely difficult to realign.
  • the ink in the first area includes a first color pigment
  • the ink in the second area includes a second color pigment.
  • the adjacently provided colors preferably cooperate, perhaps forming an interlocking pattern or border.
  • the human eye is sensitive to color and contrast changes. If an attempt is thereafter made to reattach a de-laminated substrate and laminate, overlap or unexpected spacing between originally adjacent areas of color pigments will typically become apparent.
  • an identification document is provided to include a core (or substrate) having a top surface and a bottom surface; a top over-laminate is adjacently provided with the core top surface; and ink is provided on a surface of the core (or over-laminate).
  • the ink is characterized by including substantially the same degree of adhesion to both the core and to the over- laminate. The adhesion of the ink to the core and the adhesion of the ink to the top laminate are each relatively stronger than a cohesive strength of the ink.
  • a method of making a tamper-resistant identification document includes the steps of: providing a core including a top surface; providing ink deposited on the core top surface; and providing a top over-laminate in contact with the ink and core top surface.
  • the ink is characterized by having relatively lower cohesion strength as individually compared to each of an adhesion strength between the ink and over-laminate and an adhesion strength between the ink and the core.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is an identification document including a substrate having a first word printed thereon in first ink, and a laminate having a second word, which comprises the first word, printed thereon.
  • the second word is spatially shifted with respect to the first word, and is printing with optical variable ink. The shifting is preferably slight, so as to create a shading effect for the first word when the second word reflects light.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention is a method of providing security for an identification document.
  • the document includes a substrate and a laminate.
  • the method includes the steps of: providing the substrate or laminate to receive ink thereon, and providing optical variable ink in a first location on the substrate or laminate.
  • the optical variable ink includes a first component that reflects light at a first viewing angle, and a second component that reflects light at a second viewing angle.
  • the optical variable ink is provided such that when the first component is active the second component is passive.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a known ID document including a polymeric layer.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section view of FIG. 1, but showing the polymeric layer partially partitioned.
  • FIG. 3 is an illustrative example of an identification document in accordance with one implementation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is cross-sectional view of an identification document including cohesive failure ink.
  • FIG. 5 A is a cross-sectional view of the FIG. 4 identification document, showing ink cohesively dela inating; and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of an identification document showing ink cohesively delaminating at a plurality of identification document positions.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing alignment of security ink with two or more colors.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an identification document 30 according to one aspect of the present invention.
  • Identification document 30 preferably includes a substrate (or core) 31 having a first (e.g., front) 31a and second (e.g., back) 31b surface. At least the first surface 31a is provided with indicia (e.g., information provided via ink or dye in areas 32, 34). Of course, the second substrate 31b surface can receive indicia if desired.
  • the substrate 31 is preferably covered with a protective laminate 33 (and 35). hi some embodiments, the substrate 31 comprises TESLIN.
  • the substrate 31 comprises, e.g., a polymer, composite, paper, synthetic paper, polyester, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), polycarbonate, etc.
  • the laminate 33 (or 35) comprises, e.g., a polyester, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polystyrene, cellulose ester, polyolefin, polysulfone, polyamide, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), synthetic, etc. and/or an adhesive layer or coating.
  • document 30 can optionally include additional layers, including additional laminates and adhesives.
  • the present invention encompasses identification documents including more or less information, layers and/or features than are illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the illustrated document 30 shows a 2-D bar code and biometric information (fingerprint). These features are optional, and are not required to practice the present invention. Our inventive techniques will also improve so-called "coreless" identification document as well.).
  • Dimensions of ID document 30 will vary according to specified design requirements.
  • ISO International Organization for Standardization
  • Our most preferred implementation provides a 10 mil back laminate (e.g., a layered film or web with a laminate layer including about 7 mils and an adhesive layer including about 3 mils), a 10 mil core, and a 10 mil front laminate (e.g., a layered film or web with a laminate layer including about 7 mils and an adhesive layer including about 3 mils).
  • FIG. 4 we illustrate a cross-sectional view of an ID document, including a substrate, ink and laminate layer.
  • FIG. 4 we illustrate a cross-sectional view of an ID document, including a substrate, ink and laminate layer.
  • FIGS. 4, 5 A and 5B have been exaggerated to ease discussion of this aspect of the invention. It will be appreciated that ink may migrate into a substrate and or laminate layer. It will also be appreciated that the spacing shown around the ink in FIGS. 4, 5 A and 5B is not necessary, and will generally will be filed by laminate, adhesive and/or substrate.).
  • the ink interfaces with the laminate (at interface 1) and substrate (at interface 2).
  • the ink's adhesion strength at interface 1 and interface 2 is preferably similar.
  • the ink includes a cohesive strength, which is generally a measure or indication of the relative cohesion of the ink itself.
  • a preferred relationship between the ink's adhesion at interface 1 and 2 and the ink's cohesive strength can be generalized as follows:
  • An attempt to separate the substrate from the laminate preferably results in substantial impairment of a pattern printed with cohesive failure ink because the adhesion strength of the ink to both the laminate and substrate exceeds the cohesion strength of the ink itself- resulting in a cohesive de-lamination (FIG. 5 A).
  • the result of a cohesive de- lamination may be varied.
  • an advantage of one implementation of cohesive failure ink is that a resulting cohesive failure pattern is rather unpredictable. Since the cohesive failure ink preferably adheres to the substrate and laminate with about similar strengths, and since the de-lamination attack may involve uneven (or not equally distributed) stresses and temperature, a resulting de-lamination pattern can be rather unpredictable, or at least, very difficult to predict or replicate.
  • One technique for making cohesive failure ink with suitable adhesion and cohesion properties proceeds through manipulating or selecting a resin used to bind ink in relation to substrate and laminate materials. For example, if the laminate and substrate materials are polyolefin, then the evaluation may explore resins that have excellent adhesion to polyolefins. Or if an ink or resin is found to unpredictably cohesively fail, adhesion characteristics of the ink to specific laminate and substrate materials can be investigated. (We note that low molecular weight resins (e.g., pressure sensitive resins) are generally not ideal candidates for evaluation, because the tackiness of the material and low heat resistance. Generally, this type of material is difficult to print and roll without it sticking.).
  • low molecular weight resins e.g., pressure sensitive resins
  • Another approach analyzes the cohesive failure of ink resins, and then maps the relative cohesive strength to the adhesive strength of the ink to various substrate/laminate materials. A desired resin is determined from such matching.
  • Still another approach first identifies a resin material (e.g., a polymer) that has adhesion to a specific substrate and laminate material (e.g., a polymer). The resin material is used with color pigments to form ink. The ink is used with the specific substrate and laminate material.
  • Yet another approach formulates ink to have a specific adhesion to a substrate and laminate (e.g., tweaking a resin and pigment to achieve a particular bond).
  • Cohesive failure ink can be printed in a variety of methods, for example: screen printing, offset printing, gravure printing, laser or ink jet printing, among many other types of printing. We even envision our inventive techniques being applied to ink or dye used for thermal transfer ribbons and panels.
  • Nersamid 750-polyamide an ink resin formulation, by percentage of weight:
  • Nersamid 750 (resin) 20.0 % n-Propanol 60.0 %
  • a suitable supplier for the Nersamid 750 is Henkel Corporation, located in Ambler, PA USA.
  • This ink can be printed (e.g., gravure, screen printed, etc.) onto a substrate (e.g., TESLIN) or laminate (e.g., polycarbonate or polyurethane).
  • a substrate e.g., TESLIN
  • laminate e.g., polycarbonate or polyurethane
  • Suitable laminate can be provided, e.g., by GE Plastics, headquartered in Pittsfield, MA USA.
  • the substrate can then be bonded to a laminate. We found that this ink formation cohesively, and generally unpredictably, de-laminates upon de-lamination attacks starting at room temperature through elevated temperatures.
  • Nersamid 750 (resin) - 1-40%; n- Propanol - 40-70%; and Color Pigments 5-40%.
  • suitable pigments such as those provided by Ciba Geigy in Basel, Switzerland (e.g., Microlen, Cromophtal, Graphitan 7525 carbon black, among many others); Rohm and Haas (e.g., Morton); and Mearl (Englehard), among other suppliers.
  • Other suitable pigments include those listed in this document among other pigments used in identification document printing.
  • SAA e.g., SAA 100 or 101
  • resin 20 %
  • n-Propanol 60 %
  • a supplier of the SAA resin is Lyondell Chemical Co., headquartered in Houston, Texas USA. Suitable pigments include those listed in this document among other pigments used in identification document printing.
  • the Example 2 ink can be printed to a substrate (e.g., TESLIN) or laminate (e.g., polycarbonate, polyester, polyurethane, and/or similar adhesives). And the laminate and substrate can be bonded at a, e.g., 220° - 240° F interface temperature. Samples were intruded upon (de- lamination attacked) starting at room through elevated temperatures. We found a generally random-like cohesive de-lamination resulting in the distribution of ink to both substrate and the laminate. We can of course, broaden the ranges of these materials as follows: SAA (resin) - 1-40%; n-Propanol - 40-70%; and Color Pigments 5-40%.
  • cohesive failure ink can be advantageously arranged in spatial patterns and/or color-based patterns.
  • cohesive failure ink can be used to create an interlocking or cooperating spatial design such as a circular staircase, helix structure, intertwined mesh, rings, background lines and patterns, etc.
  • an interlocking or cooperating spatial design such as a circular staircase, helix structure, intertwined mesh, rings, background lines and patterns, etc.
  • cohesive failure inks can also be used to provide indicia (e.g., information, state or national seals and emblems, designs, machine-readable code, text, etc.) that is conventionally found on identification documents.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B we provide a design or text character (herein FIGS. 6A and 6B, e.g., the letter "i").
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B we provide a first portion of the letter with a cohesive failure ink including a first color pigment, and a second portion of the letter with a cohesive failure ink including a second different color pigment (FIG. 6A).
  • the human eye notices the border between the two colors.
  • a counterfeiter will have a difficult time avoiding color overlap (which will produce an appearance of a third or shaded color) or color voids when piecing together a de-lamination attacked ID document (FIG. 6B).
  • Cohesive failure ink may additionally include pearlescent, ultraviolet or infrared pigment/properties.
  • pearlescent and “optically variable.”
  • a security design becomes even harder to piece back together after de-lamination when including such pearlescent, ultraviolet and/or infrared materials.
  • a security pattern can be integrated with a bond or seal existing between a protective cover sheet or film (laminate) and an information-bearing surface of an identification document.
  • Some of the light-reflective materials contemplated by the present invention are preferably known products of commerce and include, e.g., materials and/or pigments consisting of flat irregularly shaped mica platelets coated with titanium dioxide and/or iron oxide.
  • the carrier may be colored with other compatible transparent materials and/or dyestuffs to produce a resultant color that will produce the desired effect and be compatible with the background.
  • the textural quality of the pearl finish is adjustable through alteration of the particle sizes — fine particles produce a satin effect while large particles yield a glitter or sparkle effect.
  • light-reflective materials of the type described above which are particularly suitable for use in the present invention are those materials having an average particle size between 0 and 50 microns.
  • average particle size means that the major portion of the material has a particle size between about 1 to about 50 microns although smaller portions of larger or smaller particles can be present.
  • Patterns comprising light-reflective materials of the above-discussed characteristics are distinctive in that the pattern is visible or discemable at least on close examination of the finished document but the pattern does not effectively obscure document information covered by the pattern.
  • the user preferably will be able to discern, looking upon the card, an iridescent design.
  • it is an added feature of this aspect of the invention that as the instrument is tilted and rotated, the design appears to come to life, resulting in a variable and optically active appearance.
  • Our inventive ideas can be extended to include multi-color designs (e.g., a staircase or helix structure) that would be constructed to include different color pigments. The result is a difficult pattern to reconstruct after delaminating a document including cohesive failure color inks since a counterfeiter is forced to realign color-for- color and pattern-for-pattern.
  • ID documents can benefit from selective security designs and methods, including those printed with or without cohesive failure inks. Consider the implementations disclosed below.
  • One improvement uses a spatial security pattern that includes two or more colors.
  • the pattern may include:
  • Words, objects, or designs in different colors e.g., red, green, blue;
  • the two ONIs can be printed at the same location or at complimentary (or intertwined) positions.
  • Another security pattern uses complimentary/contrasting ONI colors. For example, we can use red gold (a pearlescent pigment) and gold/red (pearlescent pigment), green/gold (pearlescent pigment) and gold/green (pearlescent pigment). These types of pigments include two different colors when reflected at two different angles. For example, a Red/Gold pearlescent pigment may exhibit red with direct light (e.g., at a first angle) and exhibits gold with reflected light (e.g., at a second angle).
  • Single color pearlescent pigments can also be selected to match, contrast, and/or serve as a background color of an ID document substrate. For example, we can use blue ONI with a card that has a blue background. (We note that our experiments suggest that blue ONI does not have the same desire optical robustness when used with tan background card.) The blue ONI ink also advantageously disappears into the background color when the blue ONI is not showing (or reflecting).
  • Still another method applies a layer of pearlescent ink (e.g., white) and then overprint with an ink, dye and/or pigment.
  • a layer of pearlescent ink e.g., white
  • ink, dye and/or pigment e.g., black
  • a background coat over which variable data is to be printed.
  • Variable data is typically that data which is unique to a cardholder or issuing authority.
  • the variable data will typically change from card to card and may include, e.g., name, birth date, biometric data, address, age, identification number, photograph, signature, etc.). Detecting an alteration of the variable data may be difficult. Yet, if the variable data is disturbed, the background section will likely be disturbed also. A variable data disturbance can, therefore, be detected by noticing that the background pearlescent coating has been disturbed.
  • Another pattern provides shading to simulate a 3-D like effect.
  • the result is a shading effect, when held at a reflecting angle (or at various angles if multi-different ONI inks are used).
  • variable data can be arranged in patterns or text to convey variable data.
  • the placement of variable data can be important in some identification document implementations. Accordingly, in these implementations, we prefer that variable data appear on or under the face of a photograph or portrait. When printed in ONI ink, the variable data is discemable when the card is held at a reflecting angle. This technique makes replicating (or cutting and pasting) a photograph onto another ID document very difficult. In some implementations, the variable data is printed with cohesive failure ink.
  • Another security design relies on the viewing angle (or angle of reflectance) of an ONI ink.
  • first ONI ink in a first spatial location on an ID document.
  • second ONI ink at the same first spatial location or at an adjacent, second spatial location.
  • the first and second ONI ink may even include different colors - say gold and silver. The design become visible in gold when view at a first viewing angle, and visible in silver when view at the second viewing angle.
  • Another technique prints a first word in red ink and then overprints (or under print) the same word in blue ONI ink.
  • a second word can be printed with blue ink and then overprinted (or under printed) in red ONI ink.
  • the first word red
  • the second word blue
  • the pattern (and perhaps alignment of the words) of red/blue word and blue/red word can be monitored to determine whether a counterfeit attack has been attempted.
  • ink materials and pearlescent pigments are available from, e.g., Mearl (now Engelhard) (e.g., under the trade names Flamenco, Mearlite, ReFlecks, etc.) and EM Industries (e.g., under the trade name Afflair, etc.).
  • Mearl now Engelhard
  • EM Industries e.g., under the trade name Afflair, etc.
  • pearlescents and materials that may be suitable interchanged with this aspect of the present invention.
  • compositions, pigments and dyes that can be used in this and other examples disclosed herein include:
  • Klucel E Hydropropylcellulose
  • DD Chemco in ⁇ orthridge, CA USA
  • Hercules, Inc. in Wilmington, DE, Conservation By Design, in the United Kingdom (Bedford).
  • Arcosolv DPM and Arcoslv TPM are both available from a number of suppliers including Lyondell in Houston, TX USA.
  • Pigments Ciba Geigy (Basel, Switzerland) - e.g., Graphitan 7525 carbon black, microlith blue 4G-A, Morton International Inc. (Chicago, Illinois USA) - e.g., Phthalo blue R, Phthalo blue GS, Mearl (Englehard) - e.g., Magna pearl (1100).
  • Morfast blue 100 Morfast Red I o6, Morfast yellow 102.
  • compositions, pigments and dyes can be suitably interchanged with this example implementation.
  • Another inventive anti-counterfeiting technique is to create OVI ink including a dye and white pearlescent pigment. Increasing a dye level (e.g., by 1- 10 % by weight or above) results in a color bleed when the card is immersed in solvent, or if a person tries to pry open the card with solvent washing.
  • Cohesive failure ink can be used to arrange a steganographic message, e.g., a so-called digital watermark, on an ID document surface.
  • Digital watermarking a form of steganography, is a process for modifying physical or electronic media to embed machine-readable indicia (or code) into the media. The media may be modified such that the embedded code is imperceptible or nearly imperceptible to the user, yet may be detected through an automated detection process.
  • the cohesive failure ink will convey two or more digital watermarks.
  • a digital watermark is "fragile" in that it is designed to degrade or be lost upon signal processing such as copying and/or reproducing.
  • a watermark may also include a so-called calibration component.
  • a calibration component is helpful in resolving image distortion such as rotation, scale, translation, etc.
  • Digital watermarking systems typically have two primary components: an encoder that embeds the digital watermark in host media, and a decoder that detects and reads the embedded digital watermark from a signal suspected of containing a digital watermark.
  • the encoder embeds a digital watermark by altering the host media signal.
  • the encoder can make slight alterations to a graphic, background pattern or photograph that is to be printed with cohesive failure ink (or other inks as well) on an identification document.
  • the alterations may be to pixel values, DCT coefficients corresponding to the host media signal, a transform domain representation of the host media signal, etc., etc.).
  • the reading component analyzes a suspect signal to detect whether a digital watermark is present.
  • the reader extracts this information from the detected digital watermark.
  • the reading component can be hosted on a wide variety of computing devices (e.g., hardware and/or software based) including personal computers, tethered or wireless reader devices, conventional PC- connected cameras and computers, mobile readers with built-in displays, etc.
  • computing devices e.g., hardware and/or software based
  • the watermark information can be read and decoded by a reader.
  • a digital watermark conveyed through cohesive failure ink will generally be destroyed in a de-lamination attack, due to the random-like destruction of a pattern including the watermark. Realigning the pattern (e.g., reusing a laminate and substrate) with the precision typically needed to convey a digital watermark will be nearly impossible to achieve due to the steganographic nature of a digital watermark.
  • a method of making a tamper-resistant identification document comprising the steps of: providing a core including a top surface; providing a top laminate including a top surface and bottom surface; and providing ink on at least one of the top surface of the core and the bottom surface of the top laminate, wherein the ink is characterized by having a relatively lower cohesion strength as compared to each of an adhesion strength between the ink and over-laminate and an adhesion strength between the ink and the core.
  • Al The method of combination A, wherein the ink comprises a polymer- based resin.
  • A5. The method of combination A3, wherein the first color and the second color are adjacently arranged.
  • A6 The method of combination A, wherein the ink comprises an optically variable pigment.
  • Nersamid 750 (resin) 20.0 % n-Propanol 60.0 %
  • SAA e.g., SAA 100 or 101
  • resin 20 %
  • n-Propanol 60 %
  • Al l The method of combination Al 0, wherein the steganographic message comprises a digital watermark.
  • An identification document comprising: a substrate having a first word printed thereon in a first ink; and a laminate having a second word, which comprises the first word, printed thereon, but spatially shifted with respect to the first word, the second word being printing with optical variable ink.
  • optical variable ink comprises white pearlescent ink.
  • a method of providing security for an identification document comprising a substrate and a laminate, the method comprising the steps of: providing the substrate or laminate to receive ink thereon; and providing an optical variable ink in a first location on the substrate, wherein the optical variable ink includes a first component that reflects light at a first viewing angle, and a second component that reflects light at a second viewing angle; wherein the optical variable ink is provided such that when the first component is in an active state the second component is in passive state.
  • a method of making an identification document comprising the steps of: providing a core including a top surface; providing a top laminate including a top surface and bottom surface; providing ink on at least one of the top surface of the core and the bottom surface of the top laminate, wherein the ink is characterized by having a relatively lower cohesion strength as compared to each of an adhesion strength between the ink and over-laminate and to an adhesion strength between the ink and the core, and wherein the ink is provided so as to convey a steganographic signal.
  • D3. The method of combination D, wherein the steganographic message comprises a fragile digital watermark.
  • D4. The method of combination D, wherein the ink forms a pattern and the steganographic message comprises at least some changes to discrete cosine transformation coefficients that correspond to the pattern.
  • An identification document comprising: a core including a front surface and a back surface; an over-laminate including a front surface and a back surface, the back surface being adjacently positioned with said core front surface; and ink provided on at least one of the front surface of the core and the back surface of the over-laminate, wherein the ink is provided so as to convey a steganographic signal, and wherein the ink is characterized by including about the same degree of adhesion to both the front surface of the core and to the back surface of the over- laminate, and wherein the adhesion of the ink to the front surface of the core and the adhesion of the ink to the back surface of the over-laminate is each relatively stronger than a cohesive strength of the ink.
  • E4 The document of combination E, wherein the ink forms a pattern and the steganographic message comprises at least some changes to discrete cosine transformation coefficients that correspond to the pattern.
  • E5. The document of combination E, wherein at least some of the ink is provided in the form of an image, and the steganographic message is embedded through subtle changes to the image.
  • An identification document comprising: a core layer; two layers of a substantially transparent polymer fixed to the core layer on opposed sides thereof; and machine-readable indicia disposed on at least one of the core layer and one of the two layers of substantially transparent polymer, said machine-readable indicia being generally imperceptible to a human viewer thereof, wherein said indicia is provided via cohesively failing ink or dye.
  • An identification document comprising: a support; a polymeric security layer including a first surface and a second surface, the first surface being adjacently arranged with the support, wherein the polymeric security layer includes printing; and an image-receiving layer adjacently arranged with the second surface of the polymeric security layer, wherein the polymeric security layer is characterized such that its cohesivity is less than its adhesivity for each of the image receiving layer and the support; and wherein the printing comprises a steganographic message.
  • Gl The identification document according to G, wherein the steganographic message comprises a digital watermark.
  • ID documents some of our inventive techniques and documents can be employed with product tags, product packaging, business cards, bags, charts, smart cards, maps, labels, etc., etc.
  • ID document is broadly defined herein to include these tags, labels, packaging, cards, etc.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une encre conçue pour rompre de manière cohésive lors d'une attaque de délaminage. Le motif de rupture qui en résulte est plutôt difficile à prévoir. L'encre est appliquée sur un document d'identification comprenant un noyau et une couche laminée. L'encre est caractérisée en ce qu'une force adhésive de l'encre au noyau et une force adhésive de l'encre à la couche laminée est supérieure à la force cohésive de l'encre elle-même. Ainsi, l'encre se déchire de façon aléatoire lors d'une attaque de délaminage. L'encre peut produire des motifs intertissés ou entrelacés ou d'autres motifs souhaités et dans d'autres emplacements souhaités.
PCT/US2002/041470 2001-12-24 2002-12-23 Encre a rupture cohesive et document d'identification la comprenant WO2003056408A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002364019A AU2002364019A1 (en) 2001-12-24 2002-12-23 Ink with cohesive failure and identification document including same

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US34469801P 2001-12-24 2001-12-24
US34468701P 2001-12-24 2001-12-24
US60/344,698 2001-12-24
US60/344,687 2001-12-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003056408A2 true WO2003056408A2 (fr) 2003-07-10
WO2003056408A3 WO2003056408A3 (fr) 2004-01-29

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/US2002/041470 WO2003056408A2 (fr) 2001-12-24 2002-12-23 Encre a rupture cohesive et document d'identification la comprenant

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2002364019A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003056408A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9017835B2 (en) 2009-12-02 2015-04-28 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Secondary battery

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3929701A (en) * 1974-09-16 1975-12-30 Monsanto Co Binders for printing inks
US4121003A (en) * 1977-04-22 1978-10-17 Monarch Marking Systems, Inc. Tamper indicating labels
JPS63146909A (ja) * 1986-12-10 1988-06-18 Showa Denko Kk スチレン・アリルアルコ−ル共重合体の製造法
US5380695A (en) * 1994-04-22 1995-01-10 Polaroid Corporation Image-receiving element for thermal dye transfer method
US5658411A (en) * 1995-01-19 1997-08-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Durable security laminate with hologram
US6120882A (en) * 1996-02-16 2000-09-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Article with holographic and retroreflective features

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3929701A (en) * 1974-09-16 1975-12-30 Monsanto Co Binders for printing inks
US4121003A (en) * 1977-04-22 1978-10-17 Monarch Marking Systems, Inc. Tamper indicating labels
JPS63146909A (ja) * 1986-12-10 1988-06-18 Showa Denko Kk スチレン・アリルアルコ−ル共重合体の製造法
US5380695A (en) * 1994-04-22 1995-01-10 Polaroid Corporation Image-receiving element for thermal dye transfer method
US5658411A (en) * 1995-01-19 1997-08-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Durable security laminate with hologram
US6120882A (en) * 1996-02-16 2000-09-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Article with holographic and retroreflective features

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9017835B2 (en) 2009-12-02 2015-04-28 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Secondary battery

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003056408A3 (fr) 2004-01-29
AU2002364019A1 (en) 2003-07-15
AU2002364019A8 (en) 2003-07-15

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