WO2003054836A1

WO2003054836A1 - Inserted label for monitoring use of a container

Info

Publication number: WO2003054836A1
Application number: PCT/US2001/050510
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thomas J Pennaz
Original assignee: Morgan Adhesives Company
Priority date: 2001-12-20
Filing date: 2001-12-20
Publication date: 2003-07-03
Also published as: AU2002245185A1

Abstract

A system, container (10), and a label (12) for monitoring, characterizing, and recording information and traits regarding the use and reuse of containers. The label (12) for monitoring the use of a container is ideally inserted between the container outside wall surface (14) and the container inside wall surface (16). The label (12) preferably includes an indicating ink (22) that incrementally changes color or changes shade when certain external energy sources are applied. The labeled container can be used in a system of monitoring, characterizing, and recording information and traits regarding containers wherein the incremental changes in the indicating ink (22) are measured. The information, such as counting cycles of container use, is preferably machine-readable, as well as human-readable.

Description

INSERTED LABEL FOR MONITORING USE OF A CONTAINER

Technical Field

The present invention relates to technology for monitoring, characterizing, and

recording information and traits regarding the use and reuse of containers. More specifically, the invention is directed toward a system and a label for monitoring the use of a labeled

container.

Background of the Invention

The world trend in recent years is to be environmentally friendly and to preserve

resources. Many countries, such as Germany, are very concerned about recycling products

through refilling and reusing containers. This invention is directed toward such recycling

efforts to reuse or refill containers rather than sliredding containers to be reprocessed into new

containers. Recycling is extremely important in the container and bottling industry where tlirowaway yet recyclable containers are becoming more popular and growing in number. To

control this increasing concern, governments and businesses are considering regulating or monitoring the minimum number of cycles for each container and the capability of recycling,

primarily refilling or reusing, a container. For such efforts to be successful, technology is

needed to monitor recycling activities.

The present invention involves a system of using labels for monitoring the use of containers for numerous types of information and traits, including the number of cycles that

the container is used or exposed to an energy pulse. The preferred embodiment of this

invention uses techniques to insert-mold a label inside a container wall. Insert molding is

significant to recycling because the washing and handling of containers during recycling are

designed to remove labels and their adhesives. The preferred embodiment also uses regular ink and an indicating ink that changes gradation (either color or shade) when subjected to an energy source, which may be monitored or read by a spectrophotometer or other machine or electronic means.

Other methods of monitoring use information include permanently numbering each container or batch of containers and monitoring that numbering system. Also, on a small

scale, containers may be cumulatively marked during each cycle, and the number of marks can be counted. Further, permanent information can be included on containers, such as the

type of plastic, which is sometimes indicated by a numerical code on the bottom of a plastic

container, for example "1" is formed in the bottom of a PETE container. Since billions of

containers are used annually, these methods could be very cumbersome, ineffective, and

costly on a large scale.

The prior art methods greatly reduce line speeds and add prohibitive expense to recycling efforts that monitor container use. Monitoring the cycle count or gathering

information regarding the containers is presently a serious limitation for high speed recycling

of containers.

Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a system, which has an automatically

generated energy signal and which is machine-readable for high speed processing. It has therefore been found beneficial to produce a label that can be monitored at high line speed

and that can be read with a spectrophotometer or other monitoring device.

Summary of the Invention

It is a primary objective of the present invention to enhance the capability to recycle

containers primarily through reuse or refilling. The system, container, and label for monitoring the use of a container include a label that is preferably inserted into the wall of the

container. The label substrate preferably includes an indicating ink that incrementally

changes gradation (either a color or shade change) when an external energy source is applied. The labeled container can be used in a system of monitoring, characterizing, and recording information and traits regarding containers. The information, such as counting cycles of container use, is preferably machine-readable, as well as human-readable.

The present invention overcomes certain problems with reduced line speeds while still

having an embodiment that is human readable as well as machine-readable to determine the

cycle count or other information.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention may include a label with incrementally

changeable ink that is insert-molded between the wall surfaces of the container. Insert

molding makes the label durable and able to withstand the processing to which containers are

subjected. It is contemplated that other information can be included on the label.

Brief Description of Drawings

The above mentioned and other features of this invention and the manner of obtaining them will become more apparent, and the invention itself will be best understood by reference to the following description of embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the

accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a labeled container of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a top view that shows a cross section of the labeled container of Figure 1

taken at line A-A;

Figure 3 shows a human or machine-readable label with an indicating ink and control

colors;

Figure 4 shows another embodiment of a human or machine-readable label with an

indicating ink and control colors;

Figure 5 shows yet another embodiment of a human or machine-readable label with an

indicating ink and control colors; Figure 6 shows a machine-readable label with an indicating ink;

Figure 7 shows a cross section of a preformed plug;

Figure 8 shows a modified form of a label with both an indicating ink and a code containing color;

Figure 9 shows a possible location of a label behind standard labels that may act as

filters;

Figure 10 illustrates another possible location of a label;

Figure 11 shows possible readily viewable locations of a label; and

Figure 12 shows another possible readily viewable location of a label located in the

bottom of a container.

Detailed Description of the Invention

In the Figures, like reference numerals indicate the same elements throughout. Figure

1 shows a container 10, specifically a bottle, that includes an insert-molded label 12. An example of such a container 10 is a clear plastic, i.e., polyethylene terephthalate (PET), water bottle.

In greater detail, with reference first directed to Figure 2, a label 12 embodying one

aspect of the invention is illustrated. Ideally, the label 12 is inserted between the container

outside wall surface 14 and the container inside wall surface 16. The preferred inserted label

12 is insulated from the contents of the container 10 and from wear and tear of the

environmental and external conditions. Permanently inserted labels are also significant to

recycling because the washing and handling of containers during recycling are designed to

remove labels and their adhesives and printing from the container wall surfaces 14 and 16. If a label were affixed to the outside wall surface, the removal of the label would not allow the

cycle of the container 10 to be counted. In-mold labels will usually survive the wash or sterilization cycle during recycling. For the counting or information gathering system to work, however, it is not required that the label 12 be inserted between the container wall

surfaces 14 and 16, but merely that the label 12 remain on the container 10 through more than

one cycle.

Examples of the numerous possibilities of labels 12 are found in Figures 3-6. The size, shape, geometry, and configuration of these examples can be readily changed to provide

labels envisioned within the scope of the invention. The labels 12 of Figures 3-5 are human-

readable or machine-readable with an indicating ink 22 and the series of control colors 24 that

represent groups of refill counts. For the labels 12 of Figures 3 - 5, either a human or a

machine can identify the best color match between indicating ink 22 and a series of control colors 24 to determine the number of times that the container 10 has been refilled, sterilized,

or otherwise used and exposed to a controlled energy source. For example, in Figure 4, the

indicating ink 22 matches the gradation for 15-20 refill counts as shown by control color 24. The label of Figure 6 shows a machine-readable label 12 with an indicating ink 22 that can be

sensor-read spectrophotometrically. As with all indicating inks 22 of Figures 3-6, the spectral

response can be machine-correlated to the number of exposure cycles that are accumulated

recycle or refill counts.

The label substrate 18 can be a variety of films. Flexible film, such a polymeric film,

is preferred. The surface of the substrate 18 is ink-receptive so that an ink can be printed on

that surface.

Also, the label 12 should be flexible if it is used in a standard preformed mold plug 20

that is formed into a container 10 so that the label 12 can be insert-molded between the

container outside wall surface 14 and the container inside wall surface 16. Referring to Figures 7 and 8, the preformed plug 20 contains a label 12 with an indicating ink 22 that incrementally changes gradation, either a change in color or shade. The label 12 may be in the form of a rectangular label or preformed ring (Figure 8). The plug 20 can be formed into

a container 10 with the label 12 insert molded between the container outside wall surface 14 and the container inside wall surface 16. Techniques are known for blowing a plug and

forming a container.

A preferred ink 22 is an indicating ink that changes color or changes shade when an

external energy pulse is applied, such as an electrochromatic or photochromatic pulse. The

preferred inks 22 provide a predictable response to the external energy source. For example,

the predictable response could be a certain degree of color change or change in shade. A

predetermined dose of an energy pulse, such gamma radiation or far ultraviolet (UV)

radiation, will produce a measurable difference in color or shade. The dose of the energy pulse can be regulated by a combination of time, power, frequency, wavelength, and the like.

The changes in color or shade are preferably incremental so the process of changing color can be repeatedly performed and measured. The preferred indicating ink 22 can accumulate

exposures to the energy pulse that results in a gradual and incremental change in the color or

shade of the ink each time an energy pulse is applied. This readily predictable color or shade

can be correlated to the number of exposures to the energy pulse, which could indicate the

number of cycles that a container 10 has been used or the number of times it has been

sterilized or other information.

The preferred inks 22 are not significantly responsive to ambient conditions, such as

sunlight or heat, that a container 10 may face outside of its processing. Immunity to ambient

conditions will prevent changes in color or shade that may alter the measurements from the monitoring or information gathering process. Thus, far UV radiation is preferred to wavelengths in or just beyond the visible spectrum. Other techniques and energies outside the normal ambient or visible conditions are acceptable, such as x-ray (a relatively high-

energy photon with a wavelength in the approximate range from 0.05 angstroms to 100 angstroms) or other high-energy photons, such as gamma rays. Still other exposures and wavelengths are within the scope of this invention if inks with a predictable response are used.

An indicating ink 22 that is preferred to count cycles in the far UV range is an ink

manufactured by Sherwood Technologies of Nottingham, England. Gamma ray sensitive inks

and inks responsive to other energy pulses are also acceptable.

In addition to being readily suitable for a countable pulse on refilling the container 10,

UV light is known for photobiological effects, and gamma rays have also been used to

sterilize containers. Sterilization may be used as part of the cycle counting method, or the

information regarding the number of such sterilizations may be information that may be read using the preferred inks and a measuring device, such as a spectrophotometer.

A control color 24 or series of control colors to contrast or compare the indicating ink 22 or any other spectrophotometer-readable color 26 may be included on the label 12. A

control color 24, as shown in Figures 3-5, can be used so that the color or shade match of the

indicating ink 22 with the control color 24 can be human read. If the color or shade match is

only intended to be machine-read, then a control color 24 is not necessary.

Other spectrophotometer-readable colors 26 may also be included that do not change

color so that information particular to the container 10 may be encoded, such as a batch

number, the container supplier, the type of plastic, the year of production, or other information. Also, the label 12 could contain information that may only change once, which may be related to the history of the container 10, such as the maximum temperature exposure or if a container is exposed to a certain amount or type of energy pulse. The codes contained in the label 12 can reflect any information that needs to be monitored.

The size and the shape of the control color 24 or code-containing color 26 are dictated

by the processing technologies used to perform the desired functions. The control color 24

and code-containing color 26 can be printed to very specific wavelengths that can be verified for quality control, such as by a spectrophotometer, before the container 10 reaches the end of the production line.

Also, as shown in Figure 9, a filter 28 may be applied on either side of the inserted

label 12 to filter out energies other than the desired wavelength. This filter 28 may be in the form of a standard label 30 on the outside wall surface 14 of a container 10 that filters

undesirable energy sources from hitting the inserted label 12, but may be removed during recycling or information gathering process. A standard label 30 may be any type of label,

such as a metallized label, which may include trademarks, product content, or advertising

material.

The location of the label 12 in the container 10 can be varied depending on the processes used, the label content, or the size and configuration of the label 12. Factors such

as the philosophy of the manufacturer can dictate where the label 12 will be located, such as

whether the manufacturer wants to hide the label 12 (as in Figures 9 and 10) or wants to make

the label readily viewable to promote its efforts in protecting the environment and providing

readily refillable or reusable containers (as in Figures 11 and 12).

Examples of possible locations in the container 10 are shown in Figures 1, 9-12. Figure 1 shows the label 12 in the side wall of the container. Figure 9 shows the label 12 either in the side wall of the container or on the neck but hidden under a standard label 30.

Figure 10 illustrates that the label 12 can be hidden under a bottle cap when the cap is applied to the container 10. Figures 11 and 12 show labels that are readily visible to a customer if

human reading or promotion of recycling efforts are desired. In Figure 12, the label is

inserted in the bottom of the container 10, which is a preferred location when first inserted in a preformed plug 20.

The labels 12 described above can be used in a system for bottle or container refillers to count the number of times that a bottle or container 10 has been filled or to otherwise

monitor, characterize, or record information and traits regarding containers.

Preferably, the system of recording the numerous cycles or other container

information begins with the formation of a container 10 from a plug 20. Referring to Figure

7, the preformed plug 20 contains a label 12 with an indicating ink 22 that incrementally changes color or changes shade. The label 12 may be in the form of a rectangular label or

preformed ring (Figure 8). The plug 20 can be formed into a container 10 with the label 12

insert molded between the container outside wall surface 14 and the container inside wall surface 16. Teclmiques are known for blowing a plug and forming a container. The container 10 is then used in its normal manner, and hopefully recycled being refilled or reused.

The recycling process of cleaning and/or sterilizing the container 10 is performed.

During the recycling or sterilization process, the container 10 is given a predetermined dose

of energy, such a gamma radiation or far UV radiation. This energy, which is preferably machine-induced, causes an incremental change in the color or shade of the indicating ink 22.

A measuring or counting device preferably machine-reads the incremental change in

the indicating ink 22 to provide information regarding the container 10, such as the number of

times it has been recycled or refilled. Processing technologies, such as using a spectrophotometer, are acceptable methods of gathering such information by measuring the

incremental changes to the indicating ink 22. A human inspector or preferably a machine will compare the color or shade of the

indicating ink to a calibration scale or a series of control colors 24. Labels 12 that are suitable for both are shown in Figures 3-5. The information is then recorded to reflect the desired

results.

Similarly, the container 10 could be coded with very specific wavelengths of color as

shown in Figure 8 that can be read by a spectrophotometer to gather information regarding the

container in processing. As mentioned, information related to the history of the container 10,

such as the maximum temperature exposure can be monitored. For example, to remove a

container from the refilling line that has been exposed to excessive heat, such information

related to the history of the container 10 can be monitored. A spectrophotometer can read various information at the same station to process the proper function.

Any machine induced and machine read indicia in the processing line are preferred to human induced or read indicia. The measurements, calibration, processing, or evaluation

from the incremental changes in the ink 22 or in the coded information 26 can be processed

by a computer. These steps allow for a cost-effective, quick, and highly accurate process of

monitoring, characterizing, and recording information and traits regarding containers.

Although the preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated and described in

connection with a particular type of label and container, it can be adapted for use with a

variety of containers and systems. Preferably, the system can be used with plastic molded containers, but other types of containers could be adapted to this system. Other embodiments and equivalent labels, containers, systems, and methods are envisioned within the scope of the invention. Various features of the invention have been particularly shown and described

in connection with the illustrated embodiments of the invention, however, it must be understood that these particular embodiments merely illustrate and that the invention is to be

given its fullest interpretation within the terms of the appended claims.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A label for monitoring use of a container, the label adapted to be inserted into a wall of the container, the label comprising a substrate with an indicating ink that

incrementally changes gradation when an external energy pulse is applied for

monitoring the number of times the container is exposed to the energy pulse.

2. The label of claim 1 wherein the incremental change in gradation is a change in color.

3. The label of claim 1 wherein the incremental change in gradation is a change in shade.

4. The label of claim 1 wherein the substrate further comprises a control gradation to

compare the indicating ink.

5. The label of claim 1 wherein the substrate further comprises a series of control

gradations to compare the indicating ink.

6. The label of claim 1 wherein a plurality of control gradations represent gradations that

correspond to a number of counts of exposure to the energy pulse.

7. The label of claim 1 that is both machine readable and human readable.

8. The label of claim 1 wherein changes in gradation of the ink are incremental and repeatable at different gradations so a change in gradation can be repeatedly

performed and measured.

9. The label of claim 1 wherein the ink is not significantly responsive to ambient environmental conditions.

10. The label of claim 1 further comprising a color that does not change with exposure to

the energy pulse and that may be associated with predetermined data.

11. The label of claim 1 wherein the indicating ink changes gradation when exposed to far ultraviolet radiation.

12. A reusable container having a label adapting for monitoring use of the container,

comprising the container having an inner surface and outer surface;

the label having an indicating ink that changes gradation when subjected to an energy source and the ink is not significantly responsive to ambient environmental

conditions; and

a control gradation for comparing the indicating ink.

13. The container of claim 12 further including a filter label on the outer surface of the container that is removable during processing and is applied on the portion of the surface of the container overlying the label to filter out undesirable energy exposure.

14. The container of claim 13 wherein the filter label is a metallized label.

15. The container of claim 12 wherein the gradation of the ink corresponds to the incremental number of cycles that the container is exposed to the energy source.

16. The container of claim 12 wherein the label is disposed between the inner surface and

the outer surface of the container.

17. A method for monitoring the use of a container comprising the steps of:

obtaining a container with a label in the container, the label having an indicating ink that incrementally changes gradation when subjected to an energy source;

providing an energy pulse while controlling one or more of the following

characteristics of the pulse: time, power, frequency, and wavelength, which will

produce a measurable difference in gradation of the indicating ink; exposing the container to a predetermined pulse of energy causing a change in a

gradation of the indicating ink; and

reading the incremental change in the ink to provide information regarding the container to determine the number of times that the container has been exposed to a

controlled energy pulse.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein reading the incremental change in the ink includes

comparing the gradations of the indicating ink correlated to the number of exposures to the energy pulse to a calibration scale.

19. The method of claim 17 wherein reading the incremental change in the ink is

performed by a spectrophotometer.

20. The method of claim 17 comprising the additional steps of:

monitoring the minimum number of cycles of use for the container; and

reusing containers that have not met a certain number of cycles.

21. The method of claim 17 wherein the changes in gradation are incremental and

repeatable at different gradations so a change of gradation can be repeatedly

performed and measured.

22. The method of claim 17 further comprising the step of recording information

regarding the use of the container.