WO2003052859A1 - Multiple plateau battery charging method and system to charge to the second plateau - Google Patents

Multiple plateau battery charging method and system to charge to the second plateau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003052859A1
WO2003052859A1 PCT/US2002/039154 US0239154W WO03052859A1 WO 2003052859 A1 WO2003052859 A1 WO 2003052859A1 US 0239154 W US0239154 W US 0239154W WO 03052859 A1 WO03052859 A1 WO 03052859A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
charging
voltage
time duration
batteries
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2002/039154
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Cheiky
Te-Chien F. Yang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zinc Matrix Power Inc
Original Assignee
Zinc Matrix Power Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zinc Matrix Power Inc filed Critical Zinc Matrix Power Inc
Priority to EP02795776A priority Critical patent/EP1466380A4/en
Priority to DE10297088T priority patent/DE10297088T5/de
Priority to KR10-2003-7016384A priority patent/KR20040065997A/ko
Priority to GB0327860A priority patent/GB2391106B/en
Priority to JP2003553651A priority patent/JP2005513980A/ja
Priority to AU2002360515A priority patent/AU2002360515A1/en
Publication of WO2003052859A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003052859A1/en
Priority to DK200400204A priority patent/DK200400204A/da
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the battery charging method should be capable of
  • the charging of silver-based batteries is characterized by two plateaus, reflecting the two active oxidation states of silver.
  • the first plateau occurs as silver is transformed to monovalent silver oxide (Ag2 ⁇ ) while the second plateau reflects the formation of
  • charging method and system should taper charge the battery, so as not to drive too much
  • Such batteries may be used in spacecraft and in other applications, requiring
  • the charging method and system should be inexpensive, easy to
  • each cell be connected in parallel with each of the cells.
  • the voltage of each cell is
  • Turnbull shows different embodiments of his shunt regulators.
  • Turnbull simply shows shunt regulators, each in parallel with a battery cell.
  • Turnbull uses shunt
  • a voltage sensing circuit which includes a differential
  • Turnbull uses a plurality of isolation switches to disconnect the battery cells from the charging circuit to prevent the battery circuit from
  • the shunt circuit includes shunt regulators connected
  • a battery cell having a sensor for detecting an operating condition of a battery cell, such as voltage or temperature, and a controller connected across the battery cell of a
  • the controller then being operable to change to the conductive mode and thereby shunt current around the battery cell.
  • the controller includes a voltage limiting operational amplifier operable for
  • a state of charge detection that initially detects whether a battery to be charged is already at or near full charge to prevent overcharging.
  • a state of charge test is
  • the method comprises analyzing the profile for the
  • inflection points which identify the point in time at which the application of a
  • time is analyzed, preferably by measuring successive values of the
  • Apparatus for performing these methods comprises a power
  • Saar and Brotto show a voltage-time curve, which can be separated into at least
  • Region I represents the beginning of the charging
  • Region II is generally the longest region of the charging sequence, and is marked by most of the internal
  • region II represents a plateau region in the charging curve. At the end of region II is an
  • Region III is the region in which the
  • the charging voltage only stabilizes at
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,307,000 discloses a method and apparatus, which uses a sequence of charge and discharge pulses.
  • discharging pulses preferably have a magnitude, which is approximately the
  • the discharging pulse causes a negative-going spike, which is measured and
  • an overcharging condition such as when gases are generated and affect the open circuit voltage.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,232,750 (Podrazliansky et al) also discloses another battery charger, which rapidly charges a battery utilizing
  • the resistance free terminal voltage of the battery or cell is detected during an interval when the charging current is
  • the charging method and system limits the maximum charging voltage and charging
  • Such batteries may be used in
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of steps of a battery charging method of the
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a battery charging system, constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a programmable voltage and current regulator,
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a system programmable voltage and current
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of steps of a method of calibrating the
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of details of a step of the battery charging
  • FIGS. 1-9 of the drawings Identical elements in the various figures are identified with
  • FIG. 1 shows steps of a method of charging batteries 100 of the present invention.
  • the batteries are evaluated to determine state of charge, i.e., whether the
  • step 105 another charging cycle 108, which has the steps 102, 103, 104, and 105, may
  • the total charging time is again evaluated to determine if the batteries have been charged for the time duration greater than or equal to the third time duration, at
  • step 104 battery charging is ceased and the
  • the charging cycle 108 having the steps 102, 103, 104, and 105 may be repeated as many times as necessary, until the charging time is greater than or equal to the third time duration, and/or until the batteries are determined be substantially fully charged at
  • the method of charging batteries 110 starts at step 111. Batteries to be charged are
  • the batteries are evaluated to detennine state of charge, i.e.,
  • the total charging time is evaluated to determine if the batteries have been
  • the batteries are determined to be substantially fully charged at the end of the second
  • the batteries are set to a third voltage at step 116.
  • step 115 another charging cycle 118, which has the steps 112, 113, 114, and 115, may be repeated, as required, until the total charging time has exceeded or is equal to the
  • third time duration at step 115, and/or the steps 112, 113, and 114 may be repeated until
  • the batteries are determined be substantially fully charged at step 114.
  • the batteries are set to the third voltage, at step 116. Battery charging is, then, ceased,
  • the batteries may, thus, be charged again at the first voltage for the first time duration
  • step 112 again at the second voltage for the second time duration, at step 113.
  • the batteries are then evaluated again to determine the state of charge, i.e., whether the
  • the total charging time is again evaluated to determine if the batteries have
  • step 115 and if the batteries are determined to be substantially fully charged at the end
  • the batteries are set to a third voltage
  • step 116 Battery charging is, then, ceased, i.e., the current source is shut off at step 116.
  • charging cycle 118 may be repeated again, and/or the steps 112, 113, and 114 may be
  • the charging cycle 118 having the steps 112, 113, 114, and 115 may be repeated as
  • step 114 after steps 112, and 113 have been completed.
  • FIG. 3 shows a typical charging profile 202 of a silver-based battery, illustrating battery
  • Silver-based batteries typically have two plateaus. The first plateau 204,
  • plateau region occurs as silver is transformed to monovalent silver oxide
  • the total time T to tai may be defined as having time durations
  • At least one first time duration Tl such as, for example, at least one first time duration Tl, and at least one second time
  • duration T2 where charge is applied to the battery at least one or more times for the
  • the first time duration Tl may be expired
  • the time duration from commencement of charging at a first voltage be defined as the time duration from commencement of charging at a first voltage.
  • second time duration T2 may be defined as the time duration from the end of the first
  • the total time T tota i required to charge the battery is, thus, for example, a constant times the sum of the first time
  • battery charging may be optimized:
  • Voltage V2 (208), which is a voltage substantially at the
  • time duration Tl ⁇ *C/Ic, where 0.02 ⁇ ⁇
  • VI (210) which is a voltage between the first plateau 204 and the second
  • the methods of charging batteries 100 and 110 of the present invention may, thus, be
  • a cutoff voltage controller which may be a microcontroller, a
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, a battery
  • invention has current sensing means 212, which may be a resistor Rs (213), sensed
  • tinier 215, which may be a microcontroller, and system programmable voltage and
  • battery charging system 211 of the present invention may have Control 1 voltage inputs
  • Control 2 voltage inputs 219, and voltage reference inputs V cc (220), wliich may be
  • the battery charging system 211 of the present invention regulates voltage applied to
  • each of batteries Bl (222) and regulates, shapes, and shunts current supplied to each of
  • the battery charging system 211 may have a plurality of cutoff voltages, which may be
  • the batteries Bl (222) may be the same and/or different types of batteries, having the same and/or different types of batteries, having the same and/or different types of batteries, having the same and/or different types of batteries, having the same and/or different types of batteries, having the same and/or different types of batteries, having the same and/or different types of batteries, having the same and/or different types of batteries, having the same and/or different types of batteries, having the same and/or different types of batteries, having the
  • the battery charging system 211 may have a plurality of the batteries
  • Timer controlled switch SI (225), which may be controlled by the cutoff voltage
  • controller and timer 215 is in series with Current Source Ic (226), a plurality of the
  • Each of the programmable voltage and current regulators 217 may be any of the programmable voltage and current regulators 217.
  • the current sensing means 212 which is in series with the batteries Bl (222), senses
  • resistor Rs (213) is communicated, as sensed current input 214 from the current
  • the Sense Current Is 228 is a measure of the current flowing from the
  • controller and timer 215 may use the sensed current input 214 to determine the state of charge and other battery characteristics of the batteries Bl (222), and to control
  • FIG. 5 shows a typical one of the programmable voltage and current regulator 217
  • programmable voltage and current regulator 217 has a plurality of the cutoff voltages
  • potentiometer resistor R3 (242) being in parallel with upper portion 244 of
  • potentiometer resistor R2 (246).
  • the potentiometer resistor R3 (242) has a large
  • potentiometer resistor R4 (276) has a large resistance compared with the resistance of
  • adjustable band-gap voltage reference diode Ul (260) is reduced, thus providing an
  • the cutoff voltages may be programmed to change as a function of time or may be
  • voltages may, for example, be set to the voltage VI (210), between the first plateau 204
  • battery charging system 211 may alternatively be set to different cutoff voltages
  • FIG. 6 shows a typical system programmable voltage and current regulator 216
  • the system programmable voltage and current regulator 216 has resistor Rl 1 (280),
  • potentiometer R21 (282), transistor Ql 1 (284), and an adjustable band-gap voltage
  • Voltage V E (290) is the voltage across the batteries Bl (222) and the current sensing means 212,
  • the programmable voltage and current regulator 217 shown in FIG. 5, and the system
  • programmable voltage and current regulator 216 shown in FIG. 6, are disclosed in
  • regulators 217 limits the voltages, or cutoff voltages, to which each of the respective
  • batteries B 1 (222) may be charged, and as the batteries B 1 (222) approach full charge,
  • the Voltage V 1 (210), for example, may be the voltage between the first plateau 204
  • voltage VI (210) is typically in the range of 1.86 to 1.90 volts and is preferably 1.87
  • the voltage VI (210) is typically in the range of
  • the Voltage V2 (208), for example, may be a voltage substantially at the second
  • the voltage V2 (208) is in the range of 1.95 to 2.03 volts and is
  • the voltage V2 (208) may be in the range of 1.45 to 1.55 volts, and
  • the Voltage V3 (209) may be a voltage slightly above the second plateau
  • the voltage V3 (209) is in the range of 2.03 to 2.10 volts and is
  • the voltage V3 (209) may be in the range of 1.55 to 1.65 volts, although other suitable values may be used.
  • FIG. 7 shows steps of a method 400 of calibrating each of the programmable voltage
  • step 401 Current is allowed to flow without the battery Bl (222) in the battery charging system 211 by setting the timer controlled switch SI (225) to on (step 401).
  • the voltage at the Control 1 voltage input (218) is then set, for example, to the
  • step 404 the potentiometer R2 (246) is then adjusted to achieve a mid level
  • potentiometer resistor R3 (242) is then adjusted to achieve a low cutoff voltage, across
  • resistor R4 (276) is then adjusted to achieve a high cutoff voltage, across where the
  • programmable voltage and current regulators 217 ends at step 412, after which the
  • battery Bl 1 (272) may be connected to a respective one of the voltage and current
  • steps 403 and 404 may alternatively be performed in reverse
  • steps 406, and 407 may alternatively
  • the system programmable voltage and current regulator 216 may be calibrated by
  • the system programmable voltage and current regulator 216 is
  • the batteries Bl (222) may be charged, in accordance with the steps outlined later, and
  • V cc (220) of each of the programmable voltage and current regulators 217 is complete
  • the timer controlled switch SI (225), which may be
  • Source Ic (226), a plurality of the batteries Bl (222) which are in series, and a plurality
  • programmable voltage and current regulators 217 may be individually programmed to
  • each of the batteries Bl (222) may be the same and/or different, i.e. the batteries Bl
  • (222) may of the same and/or different types, and have the same and/or different
  • the cutoff voltage controller and timer 215, which may be a microcontroller, may be
  • V cc (219) supplied to the programmable voltage and current regulators
  • the battery charging system 211 of the present invention may perform steps of a
  • FIGS. 1, 2, and 8 show steps of the method of
  • Certain ones of the steps of the method of charging batteries 100 are broken down into details or smaller steps in FIG. 8, which may be incorporated into the steps of
  • controller and timer 215 is turned on at step 101-1, after each of the programmable
  • timer 215 sets the Control 1 voltage inputs 218 of each of the programmable voltage
  • cutoff voltage controller and timer 215 then closes the timer controlled switch SI (225)
  • step 101-3 which starts current flowing from the Current Source Ic (226), and starts
  • the battery charging system 211 charging the batteries Bl (222) at step 101-4. Charging
  • Voltage V2 (208), which is a voltage substantially at the second plateau, typically prior
  • the batteries Bl (222) are then charged at the second voltage, which is substantially
  • the batteries are evaluated by the cutoff voltage
  • cutoff voltage controller and timer 215 uses the sensed current input 214 to determine
  • a third time duration at step 105. If the batteries are determined to be substantially fully charged at the end of the second time duration, at step 104, battery charging is
  • step 105 another charging cycle 108, which has the steps 102, 103, 104, and 105, may
  • third time duration at step 105, and/or the steps 102, 103, and 104 may be repeated until
  • the batteries are determined be substantially fully charged at step 104.
  • the total charging time T t0 -ai C/Icc, where C is the capacity of the battery, and Ice is
  • the method of charging batteries 110 is substantially the same as the method of
  • Voltage VI (210), which is a voltage between the first plateau 204 and the second plateau 206 of the charging profile 202, prior to shutting off the current source in the
  • FIG. 9 is an actual battery charging profile of a typical silver zinc battery at a particular
  • Each of the batteries of the battery charging system 211 can, thus, be individually
  • Battery packs often typically have batteries in series. Thus, all batteries in a battery pack may be individually and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
PCT/US2002/039154 2001-12-14 2002-12-06 Multiple plateau battery charging method and system to charge to the second plateau Ceased WO2003052859A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02795776A EP1466380A4 (en) 2001-12-14 2002-12-06 MULTIPLE TRAY BATTERY LOADING METHOD AND SECOND TRAY LOADING SYSTEM
DE10297088T DE10297088T5 (de) 2001-12-14 2002-12-06 Mehrplateau-Batterieaufladeverfahren und -system zum Aufladen zum zweiten Plateau
KR10-2003-7016384A KR20040065997A (ko) 2001-12-14 2002-12-06 멀티 플래토 배터리 충전방법 및 2차 플래토에 충전하기위한 시스템
GB0327860A GB2391106B (en) 2001-12-14 2002-12-06 Multiple plateau battery charging method and system to charge to the second plateau
JP2003553651A JP2005513980A (ja) 2001-12-14 2002-12-06 第２プラトーまで充電する多重プラトー・バッテリ充電方法およびシステム
AU2002360515A AU2002360515A1 (en) 2001-12-14 2002-12-06 Multiple plateau battery charging method and system to charge to the second plateau
DK200400204A DK200400204A (da) 2001-12-14 2004-02-11 Batteriopladningsfremgangsmåde og -system med flere plateauer og til at oplade til det andet plateau

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/021,839 2001-12-14
US10/021,839 US6522102B1 (en) 2001-12-14 2001-12-14 Multiple plateau battery charging method and system to charge to the second plateau

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003052859A1 true WO2003052859A1 (en) 2003-06-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2002/039154 Ceased WO2003052859A1 (en) 2001-12-14 2002-12-06 Multiple plateau battery charging method and system to charge to the second plateau

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US6522102B1 (enExample)
EP (1) EP1466380A4 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2005513980A (enExample)
KR (1) KR20040065997A (enExample)
CN (1) CN1270402C (enExample)
AU (1) AU2002360515A1 (enExample)
DE (1) DE10297088T5 (enExample)
DK (1) DK200400204A (enExample)
GB (1) GB2391106B (enExample)
WO (1) WO2003052859A1 (enExample)

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US10368166B2 (en) 2014-06-18 2019-07-30 Zpower, Llc Voltage regulator and control circuit for silver-zinc batteries in hearing instruments
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DK200400204A (da) 2004-02-11
GB2391106B (en) 2005-04-06
KR20040065997A (ko) 2004-07-23
AU2002360515A1 (en) 2003-06-30
EP1466380A1 (en) 2004-10-13
CN1270402C (zh) 2006-08-16
EP1466380A4 (en) 2005-11-16
GB0327860D0 (en) 2004-01-07
DE10297088T5 (de) 2004-07-29
JP2005513980A (ja) 2005-05-12
CN1539177A (zh) 2004-10-20
GB2391106A (en) 2004-01-28
US6522102B1 (en) 2003-02-18

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