WO2003048739A1

WO2003048739A1 - Personal and environmental fluid sampling apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2003048739A1
Application number: PCT/CA2002/001860
Authority: WO
Inventors: Christiaan Van Netten
Original assignee: Christiaan Van Netten
Priority date: 2001-12-05
Filing date: 2002-12-04
Publication date: 2003-06-12
Also published as: AU2002347151A1; CA2364407A1

Abstract

A self sealing fluid sampling apparatus includes a body with a filter therein and a fluid moving device, such as a fan, mounted therein for moving fluid through the filter. There is a fluid inlet communicating with the filter. There is also a fluid outlet communicating with the filter. A manually operable control simultaneously opens the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet and operates the fluid mocing device fro moving fluid from the fluid inlet, through the filter and out through the fluid outlet. For example, the body may be cylindrical and have a cylindrical shell rotatably mounted thereon. The shell and the body have fluid inletopenings and fluid outlet openigns which are aligned when the shell is rotated in ne direction and become unaligned when the shell is rotated inan opposite direction thus sealing off the filter compartment fromthe outside environment. Rotation of the shell also closes a switch to operate the fluid moving device when the shell is rotated in the one direction. The fluid mocing device inludes a motor and an electrical power source mounted within the chamber in the body. The body has sealing means to seal the chanber from the fluid.

Description

PERSONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID SAMPLING APPARATUS

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to fluid sampling devices and, in particular, to personal sampling devices easily operable by untrained people.

Flight crews and aircraft passengers are occasionally exposed to unfavourable air quality conditions. These conditions typically occur during one out of one thousand flight segments, depending upon the airline and the maintenance of the aircraft. A large majority of these incidents are caused by contamination of the aircraft air from hydraulic fluid which leaks into the air intake of the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) or from oil seal leakage into the compressor stages of the jet engines which are used to pressurize the aircraft and to provide the aircraft with fresh air.

Bleed air from these engines is exposed to elevated temperatures, often in excess of 500 degrees C. Any oil or hydraulic fluid contaminant in this air will pyrolize, volatize, or both. This often results in flight crews and passengers being exposed to smoke in the cabin. Acute and long-term symptoms experienced by flight crews during these incidents are consistent with exposures to the agents associated with oil and hydraulic fluid constituents.

It is difficult however to measure exposure levels during these incidents because of their sporadic nature. This makes it virtually impossible to have trained individuals, and specialized equipment, in aircraft when such incidents occur. The equipment previously available is expensive and difficult to operate for the average flight attendant or other member of the flight crew. Accordingly, very little exposure data is available.

Some of these incidents have resulted in near fatal accidents, i.e. both pilots becoming incapacitated, as well as disabling flight attendants and pilots on a long-term basis. It is therefore critical to provide a practical means of measuring the exposures of flight crews and passengers when such events occur. The derived information can be used to provide a basis for medical treatment as well as to prevent future incidents of such exposure to contaminants.

Accordingly it is an object of the invention to provide an improved air sampling apparatus which is inexpensive enough so that each individual crew member or aircraft can be provided with the apparatus on a routine basis.

It is also an object of the invention to provide an improved air sampling apparatus which is simple to operate so that a flight attendant or other member of a flight crew can easily operate the apparatus with minimal training or instructions.

It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved personal and environmental air sampling apparatus which is compact so that it does not occupy an inordinate amount of the limited space and can be carried in a purse or pocket.

It is a still further object of the invention to provide an improved air sampling apparatus which is rugged in construction and reliable in operation so that it will operate reliably without requiring delicate handling.

It is a still further object of the invention to provide an improved fluid sampling apparatus capable of sampling liquids, such as water.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with these objects, there is provided a fluid sampling apparatus which includes a body having a filter mounted therein and a fluid moving device mounted therein for moving fluid through the filter. The body includes a chamber. The fluid moving device includes a motor and an electrical power source mounted within the chamber. The body has sealing means to seal the chamber from the fluid. There is a fluid inlet communicating with the filter. A fluid outlet also communicates with the filter. There is a manually operable control which simultaneously opens the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet and operates the fluid moving device for moving fluid from the fluid inlet, through the filter and out through the fluid outlet. Preferably the control can simultaneously close the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet and render the fluid moving device inoperative.

The control may include an outer member movably mounted on the body. The fluid inlet includes at least one fluid inlet opening on the body and at least one fluid inlet opening on the outer member. The fluid outlet includes at least one fluid outlet opening on the body and at least one fluid outlet opening on the outer member. Said at least one fluid inlet opening on the body is aligned with said at least one fluid inlet opening on the outer member. Said at least one fluid outlet opening on the body is aligned with said at least one fluid outlet opening on the outer member when the outer member is moved in a first direction, to move fluid through the filter. Preferably said at least one fluid inlet opening on the body becomes unaligned with said at least one fluid outlet opening on the outer member and said at least one fluid outlet opening on the body becomes unaligned with said at least one fluid outlet opening on the outer member, when the outer member is moved in a second direction, to seal the apparatus.

The control may include a switch mounted on the body which is contacted by the outer member, to close the switch and operate the fluid moving device when the outer member is moved in the first direction, and to open the switch and stop the fluid moving device when the outer member is moved in the second direction.

The outer member may be rotatably mounted on the body. The first direction is then a first rotational direction and the second direction is then a second rotational direction which is opposite the first direction. For example, the body may be generally cylindrical and the outer member may be a cylindrical shell mounted on the body.

A fluid sampling apparatus according to the invention offers distinct advantages compared to the prior art. The apparatus can be operated by simply moving a manually operable control and this simultaneously opens the fluid inlet and fluid outlet and operates the impeller or other fluid moving device which moves fluid through the filter. For example, this may simply be accomplished by rotating a cylindrical shell mounted on a cylindrical body containing the principal components. When the sampling process is completed, another movement of the manually operable control stops the fluid moving device and seals the openings. This is simply accomplished by rotating the shell in the opposite direction for this preferred embodiment.

When the sample has been taken, the unit is economical enough to be sent to a laboratory in its entirety for analysis. There is no need for the flight crew or other user to remove and store filters which would necessitate disassembly of the apparatus and potential contamination of the filter.

In brief, the apparatus can be easily operated by most people without any training at all and with simple instructions which can accompany the unit. Also the unit is simple and inexpensive enough so all aircraft can carry such an apparatus for the relatively remote possibility that air contamination will occur during any particular flight.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is an isometric view of a fluid sampling apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;

Figure 2 is a simplified, exploded side view thereof;

Figure 3 is a simplified, diametrical section of the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2;

Figure 4 is an isometric view of the lower portion of the filter cassette thereof;

Figure 5 is an isometric view of the fluid inlet housing of the body thereof; Figure 6 is a reduced isometric view of the filter cassette thereof;

Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 1 of an alternative embodiment with a centrifugal fan;

Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing the embodiment of Figure 7;

Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 7, showing an alternative embodiment for sampling liquids as well as gases; and

Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 8 showing the embodiment of Figure 9.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to the drawings, and first to Figure 1, this shows a fluid sampling apparatus 20 suitable for sampling gases such as air in aircraft or other locations where contaminants may occur. The apparatus in this example includes a cylindrical body 22 which has a cylindrical outer shell 24 mounted thereon for rotation in the directions indicated by arrows 26. The shell tightly engages the body for a sealing fit, apart from the openings described below. There is a slot 28 in the shell and a screw 30 extending through the slot into the body which limit the amount of rotational movement of the shell on the body.

The apparatus of this example fits within a cylinder 2.5 inches in diameter and 3 inches long although the size may vary in other embodiments.

The shell has four fluid inlet openings 32 in top 33 of the shell to admit fluid into the apparatus as indicated by arrows 34. The number, size and positioning of the openings can vary in alternative embodiments. The shell also has four fluid outlet openings 36 for fluid exiting the apparatus as indicated by arrows 40 (only three being visible in Figure 1). In this example the openings are in cylindrical side 42 of the shell near its bottom 44 and are 90 degrees apart. In alternative embodiments the number and positions of the openings can change. There is also a LED 50 which lights to indicate that the apparatus is operational. The body 22 has a lower portion which comprises fan housing 54 shown in Figures 2 and 3. The fan housing includes a chamber 56 which contains a battery 58, a 9-volt battery in this example, and a fan 60 mounted above the battery. This particular fan is an axial flow fan powered by a motor 62 connected to the battery 58. There is a series of four fluid outlet openings 64 extending about the fan housing and spaced-apart 90 degrees

(only three being visible in Figure 3). These correspond in number and position to the fluid outlet openings 36 in the shell. Openings 64, together with openings 36, comprise fluid outlets for the apparatus.

There is a standard 37 mm filter cassette 66 mounted above the fan in filter compartment

73 and which contains a filter disk 68 as shown in Figure 4. Other types of filters or size of filter cassette holders could be used in other embodiments. There is an upper filter housing 70 mounted on lower filter housing 71 of the filter cassette with an O-ring 72 compressed therebetween as seen best in Figure 6.

The body has a fluid inlet housing 76, shown best in Figure 5, mounted on top of the filter housing. The fluid inlet housing has four fluid inlet openings 78 in top 79 thereof, which correspond in position and number to the fluid inlet openings 32 in shell 24. The openings 78 and openings 32 together comprise fluid inlets for the apparatus. A screw 80 extends through opening 82 in the fluid inlet housing, through opening 84 in the fan housing and engages notch 86 on the filter cassette 66.

There is a switch 90 mounted on the fan housing which has a button 92. The button engages a ramp 94, on the inside of the shell 24, shown only in Figure 3, whereby the button is depressed to close the switch when the shell is rotated in one direction and is released, to open the switch, when the shell is rotated in the opposite direction. The switch is operatively disposed between the fan motor and the battery and thus controls operation of the fan.

In operation, with reference to Figure 1, the fluid sampling apparatus is operated by rotating the shell 24 in one rotational direction, for example clockwise as shown by arrow 100, the figure showing the shell partially rotated. A 45-degree twist is used in this example although this could vary in other embodiments. This twist causes the fluid inlet openings 32 on the shell to align with the fluid inlet openings 78 on the body to admit fluid into the apparatus. At the same time, the fluid outlet openings 36 of the shell align with fluid outlet openings 64 in the body to permit fluid to exit the apparatus.

Simultaneously, the rotation causes ramp 94 on the inside of the shell to depress button 92 and close switch 90. This operates the fluid moving device, in the form of fan 60, by means of battery 58 powering motor 62.

The apparatus is operated for a preset period of time and may, in some embodiments, have an integral timer which operates the motor 62 for the preset time. The fluid enters the apparatus as indicated by arrows 34 in Figure 1 to cause suction of fan 60 as indicated by arrows 100 in Figure 3. This draws fluid through the filter 68. Fluid expelled by the fan exits the apparatus through the outlet openings 64 in the body, as shown by arrows 102 in Figure 3. In this example the fluid flow is between 0.5 and 1.0 litres per minute and the device can operate from 2-5 hours, depending upon the filter used. The device however can be scaled upward to use a larger fan, larger battery and larger filters, or scaled downward, for different fluid quality applications. In addition, the filter compartment can also be used to incorporate other fluid contaminant capturing agents such as absorbents and adsorbents to target specific contaminants.

After the apparatus has been operated for the preset time, the user rotates shell 24 in the opposite direction, counterclockwise in this particular embodiment, as illustrated by arrow 103 in Figure 1. This causes the fluid inlet openings 32 in the shell to become unaligned with fluid inlet openings 78 in the body. Simultaneously the fluid outlet openings 36 in the shell become unaligned with fluid outlet openings 604 in the body. Thus the inside of the apparatus, including the filter, are effectively sealed. At the same time, ramp 94 backs off of button 92 which causes the switch 92 to open and stops the fan motor 62. The unit can then be placed in a suitable storage position and forwarded to a laboratory for analysis at a convenient time. A centrifugal fan 60.1, shown in Figures 7 and 8, can be substituted in alternative embodiment for the axial fan 60 shown in Figure 3. In this embodiment where like parts have like numbers as in the previous embodiment, with the additional designation ".1 ", the fluid outlet openings 64.1 are moved upwardly to be in alignment with the fan instead of being below the fan as is the case with the axial fan of the previous embodiment. Likewise outlet openings 36.1 in shell 24.1 are correspondingly raised.

Figures 9 and 10 show an alternative embodiment generally similar to the embodiment of Figures 7 and 8, but adapted for sampling liquids as well as gases. Like parts have like numbers as in the previous embodiments with the additional designation ".2" . Since this is substantially the same as the previous embodiments, it will be described only with references to the differences.

Fluid sampling apparatus 20.2 is adapted to sample liquids as well as air or other gases. An impeller 60.2 replaces the fan of the previous embodiment. Also sealing has been added to protect motor 150 of impeller 60.2, battery 58.2, switch 90.2 LED 50.2 and associated wiring. It is important therefore to keep chamber 56.2 sealed from water or other liquids passing through the filter as illustrated by arrows 100.2. O-ring 152 extends about shaft 154 of the motor. A second O-ring 156 extends between cover 160 and body 162 of the impeller housing 54.2. Note that other suitable seals could be used in place of the O-rings. This ensures that the chamber 56.2 is kept dry. Only the filter compartment is in contact with the liquid. The motor 150 has a higher torque and lower rpm compared with the motor utilized in the fan of the previous embodiments.

Upon activation of the device, water, or another fluid, is drawn through the intake openings 32.2 and 78.2 and filter by means of the suction provided by the impeller. Filtered water or other filtered fluid is exhausted through the exhaust openings 64.2 and 36.2. The device can be activated incompletely submerged in a body of water which requires analysis. It can be left there for an appropriate time until the required volume of water has been sampled. It will be understood by someone skilled in the art that many of the details provided above are by way of example only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention which is to be interpreted with reference to the following claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A fluid sampling apparatus, comprising:

a body having a filter mounted therein and a fluid moving device mounted therein for moving fluid through the filter, the body including a chamber, the fluid moving device including a motor and an electrical power source mounted within the chamber, the body having sealing means to seal the chamber from the fluid

a fluid inlet communicating with the filter;

a fluid outlet communicating with the filter; and

a manually operable control which simultaneously opens the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet and operates the fluid moving device for moving fluid from the fluid inlet, through the filter and out through the fluid outlet.

2. The fluid sampling apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control can simultaneously close the inlet and the outlet and render the fluid moving device inoperative.

3. The fluid sampling apparatus as claimed in claim 2, the control including an outer member movably mounted on the body, the inlet including at least one inlet opening on the body and at least one inlet opening on the outer member, the outlet including at least one outlet opening on the body and at least one outlet opening on the outer member, said at least one inlet opening on the body being aligned with said at least one inlet opening on the outer member and said at least one outlet opening on the body being aligned with said at least one outlet opening on the outer member when the outer member is moved in a first direction, to move fluid through the filter.

4. The fluid sampling apparatus as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said at least one inlet opening on the body becomes unaligned with said at least one inlet opening on the outer member and said at least one outlet opening on the body becomes unaligned with said at least one outlet opening on the outer member, when the outer member is moved in a second direction, to seal the apparatus.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the control includes a switch mounted on the body which is contacted by the outer member, to close the switch and operate the fluid moving device when the outer member is moved in the first direction, and to open the switch and stop the fluid moving device when the outer member is moved in the second direction.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the outer member is rotatably mounted on the body, the first direction being a first rotational direction and the second direction being a second rotational direction which is opposite the first rotational direction.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the body is generally cylindrical and the outer member is a cylindrical shell rotatably mounted on the body.

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the body and the outer member each has a top and a cylindrical side, the inlet openings comprising openings in the tops of the body and the outer member respectively and the outlet openings comprising openings in the sides of the body and the outer member respectively.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the outer member has a ramp facing the switch on the body, the ramp closing the switch when the outer member is rotated in the first rotational direction and opening the switch when the outer member is rotated in the second rotational direction.

10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid moving device includes an impeller.

1 1. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the impeller is powered by an electric motor.

12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11 , including an impeller housing containing a chamber in the body, a battery mounted in the chamber and connected to the motor.

13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the motor has a drive shaft, the sealing means including a seal about the drive shaft of the motor

14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the impeller housing includes a body and a cover, a seal being located between the cover and the body.

15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fluid is a liquid and the sealing means is liquid-tight.

16. The apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein the sealing means includes an O- ring.