WO2003040985A1 - Utilisation d'une moyenne mouvante pour eliminer des taux d'irrigation extremement eleves d'une application d'irrigation - Google Patents
Utilisation d'une moyenne mouvante pour eliminer des taux d'irrigation extremement eleves d'une application d'irrigation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003040985A1 WO2003040985A1 PCT/US2001/046728 US0146728W WO03040985A1 WO 2003040985 A1 WO2003040985 A1 WO 2003040985A1 US 0146728 W US0146728 W US 0146728W WO 03040985 A1 WO03040985 A1 WO 03040985A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- irrigation
- average
- eto
- rolling
- data
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
Definitions
- the field of the invention is irrigation controllers.
- Evapotranspiration is the water lost by direct evaporation from the soil and plant and by transpiration from the plant surface.
- Potential evapotranspiration is calculated from meteorological data. ETo calculations are closely correlated to the water requirements of plants. Irrigation controllers that derive all or part of their irrigation schedule from potential ETo data are discussed in US Patent No. 5,479,339 issued December 1995, to Miller, US Patent No. 5,097,861 issued March 1992 to Hopkins, et al, US Patent No. 5,023,787 issued June 1991and US Patent No. 5,229,937 issued July 1993 both to Evelyn-Veere, US Patent No. 5,208,855, issued May 1993, to Marian, US Patent No. 5,696,671, issued December 1997, and US Patent No. 5,870,302, issued February 1999, both to Oliver and US Patent No. 6,102,061, issued August, 2000 to Addink.
- some controllers base irrigations on temperature, soil moisture and/or other weather factors. Regardless of the mechanism(s) used to determine changes in environmental conditions, most of the known systems are directed to replacement of moisture removed from the soil between the currently scheduled watering and the last previous watering. Thus, if the irrigation system is set to water daily, and on a certain day the ETo is determined to be 0.20 inches, then the following day the irrigation system would apply 0.20 inches of water. If the system were set for every other day watering, and the ETo was determined to be 0.35 inches on the day following the day with 0.20 inches then the next irrigation application would apply 0.55 inches of water.
- the present invention provides systems and methods in which a microprocessor is programmed to automatically derive an irrigation schedule based at least in part on a rolling- average of required watering amounts.
- a rolling-average is an average of four consecutive required watering amounts.
- a rolling-average may be some number of consecutive required watering amounts less than or more than four.
- the rolling-average may be a weighted rolling average with greater emphasis put on some days than on other days.
- an irrigation schedule and required watering amounts are at least partly derived from ETo data.
- ETo data may include potential ETo data, estimated ETo data, or historical ETo data.
- additional data that may be used in the derivation of the irrigation schedule and required watering amounts, such as, crop coefficient data and irrigation distribution uniformity data.
- Figure 1 is a schematic of an irrigation controller according to an aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an irrigation system according to an aspect of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a graphical representation of yearly irrigation applications according to an aspect of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is data that illustrates irrigation application durations based upon a rolling- average.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic of an irrigation controller 200 according to the present invention that generally includes a microprocessor 220, an on-board memory 210, some manual input devices 230 through 232 (buttons and/or knobs), an input/output (I/O) circuitry 221 connected in a conventional manner, a display screen 250, a communications port 240, a serial, parallel or other communications connection 241 coupling the irrigation controller to one or more communication sources, electrical connectors 260 which are connected to a plurality of irrigation stations 270 and a power supply 280, a rain detection device 291, a flow sensor 292, a pressure sensor 293 and a temperature sensor 294.
- the controller has one or more common communication internal bus(es).
- the bus can use a common or custom protocol to communicate between devices.
- This bus is used for internal data transfer to and from the EEPROM memory, and is used for communication with personal computers, peripheral devices, and measurement equipment including but not limited to utility meters, water pressure sensors, and temperature sensors.
- the microprocessor will be disposed in an irrigation controller.
- the irrigation controller will be a standalone device such as a residential irrigation controller.
- the microprocessor may be disposed in a personal computer or other device that provides control of an irrigation system.
- the irrigation system is generally controlled by a microprocessor disposed in a personal computer rather than a typical residential type irrigation controller. This also occurs with large irrigation systems, commercial systems, etc. where the microprocessor that provides some or all of the control of the irrigation system is disposed in a personal computer.
- a single irrigation controller 200 operates two irrigation stations 270. It will be understood that these stations 270 are indicative of any two or more irrigation stations, and are not to be interpreted as limiting the number or configuration of irrigation stations. It is contemplated that the irrigation stations may be part of an underground installed irrigation system, such as those used on residential sites, commercial sites, golf courses, public parks, and so forth. Additionally the irrigation stations may be part of center pivot systems, wheel type systems, solid set systems, or any other irrigation system used in the irrigating of plants. Structure and operation of the irrigation controller is preferably as described elsewhere herein except as to the adjustment of the irrigation application according to the condition of the plants being irrigated.
- the irrigation controller 200 operates solenoids (not shown) that open the station valves 350 to allow irrigation water from the water source 310 to be distributed to the various irrigation stations 270 and thereby irrigate the landscape through one or more (four are shown for each irrigation station but it may be any number) irrigation sprinkler heads 360.
- an initial irrigation schedule will be programmed into the controller and stored in the memory. For example, if the irrigated site is a lawn the initial irrigation schedule for the summer may provide that each station apply a cycle amount of 0.19 inches of water with a frequency of seven days a week. During the ensuing year, the system automatically modifies the cycle amounts to provide the average cycle amounts depicted in Figure 3, Irrigation Application A. From time to time manual changes can also be made to fine-tune the schedule, which would alter the height or shape of the curve.
- Irrigation Application A is preferably at least partly derived from ETo data.
- ETo data is thought to closely approximate the water needs of the plants with a minimum waste of water.
- the ETo data used may advantageously comprise current ETo (i.e., within the last week, three days, or most preferably within the last 24 hours) designated as the required watering amount.
- the current ETo may be a potential ETo value that is calculated from the four weather factors; solar radiation, temperature, wind and relative humidity.
- the current ETo may be an estimated ETo value (as for example that described in pending US patent application serial no. PCT/US00/18705) based upon a regression model using one or more of the factors used in calculating potential ETo.
- the ETo may also comprise an historical ETo value (as for example that described in pending US patent application serial no. PCT US00/40685).
- Irrigation Application A were allowed to be applied based on the previous days ETo readings, as occurs with most prior art ET controllers, on some days the application amounts could be extremely high.
- the microprocessor See Figure 1, 220
- the microprocessor is advantageously programmed to automatically use a rolling average to determine the irrigation application. This eliminates the likelihood that there will ever be extremely high irrigation application amounts.
- the ETo readings are given in the top row for each day.
- the required watering amounts are given in the second row and are the same as the previous days ETo readings.
- the rolling-average is determined based on a four day rolling-average and therefore the rolling-average data, in this example, starts on the 20 th of August.
- the highest application amount would be 0.29 inches of water (required watering amount on day 26).
- the highest application amount is 0.26 inches of water, which occurred on days 20, 21, and 29.
- a four day rolling-average is preferred, it is contemplated that a rolling-average of more than or less than four days may be used.
- the rolling-average may be a weighted rolling average with greater emphasis put on some days than on other days.
- the example in Figure 4 is based on inches of water that are applied by the irrigation system. It should also be apparent that the water applied by the irrigation system can be set in any appropriate measure, including inches (or other linear units such as millimeters or centimeters), minutes (or other time units such as seconds or hours), and gallons (or other volume measurements such as liters, acre-inches), and so forth. Those skilled in the art will immediately recognize that these different measurements and units are interchangeable for irrigation systems.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un microprocesseur (220), installé dans un régulateur d'irrigation (200), qui est programmé pour établir, par déduction, un calendrier des irrigations fondé, au moins partiellement, sur une moyenne mouvante de taux d'irrigation requis. La moyenne mouvante est, de préférence, une moyenne de quatre taux d'irrigation requis consécutifs, mais peut être plus ou moins inférieure à ce chiffre. De préférence, le calendrier des irrigations et le taux d'irrigation requis sont au moins partiellement dérivés de données d'évapotranspiration (Eto), lesquelles peuvent comprendre des données Eto potentielles, des données Eto estimées, ou des données Eto antérieures.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/046728 WO2003040985A1 (fr) | 2001-11-06 | 2001-11-06 | Utilisation d'une moyenne mouvante pour eliminer des taux d'irrigation extremement eleves d'une application d'irrigation |
US10/472,429 US20040089164A1 (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2001-11-06 | Device that modifies irrigation schedules of existing irrgation controllers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/046728 WO2003040985A1 (fr) | 2001-11-06 | 2001-11-06 | Utilisation d'une moyenne mouvante pour eliminer des taux d'irrigation extremement eleves d'une application d'irrigation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2003040985A1 true WO2003040985A1 (fr) | 2003-05-15 |
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PCT/US2001/046728 WO2003040985A1 (fr) | 2001-11-06 | 2001-11-06 | Utilisation d'une moyenne mouvante pour eliminer des taux d'irrigation extremement eleves d'une application d'irrigation |
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WO (1) | WO2003040985A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015001083A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-08 | Rockwool International A/S | Système de croissance d'un végétal |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4876647A (en) * | 1985-05-17 | 1989-10-24 | The Standard Oil Company | Apparatus for determining water stress in crops |
US5479339A (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1995-12-26 | Miller; Ralph W. | Irrigation control and management system |
US5696671A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1997-12-09 | Waterlink Systems, Inc. | Evapotranspiration forecasting irrigation control system |
US5870302A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1999-02-09 | Waterlink Systems, Inc. | Evapotranspiration remote irrigation control system |
-
2001
- 2001-11-06 WO PCT/US2001/046728 patent/WO2003040985A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4876647A (en) * | 1985-05-17 | 1989-10-24 | The Standard Oil Company | Apparatus for determining water stress in crops |
US5696671A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1997-12-09 | Waterlink Systems, Inc. | Evapotranspiration forecasting irrigation control system |
US5870302A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1999-02-09 | Waterlink Systems, Inc. | Evapotranspiration remote irrigation control system |
US5479339A (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1995-12-26 | Miller; Ralph W. | Irrigation control and management system |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
HESS T.M.: "A microcomputer scheduling program for supplementary irrigation", COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE, vol. 15, 1996, pages 233 - 243, XP002959546 * |
HESS T.M.: "Evapotranspiration estimates for water balance scheduling in the UK", IRRIGATION NEWS, vol. 25, 1996, pages 1 - 6, XP002959545 * |
HILL R.W. ET AL.: "Irrigation system selection for maximum crop profit", IEEE PROCEEDINGS OF THE WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, 1978, pages 495 - 504, XP002959547 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015001083A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-08 | Rockwool International A/S | Système de croissance d'un végétal |
CN105357951A (zh) * | 2013-07-05 | 2016-02-24 | 罗克伍尔国际公司 | 植物生长系统 |
US11026372B2 (en) | 2013-07-05 | 2021-06-08 | Rockwool International A/S | Plant growth system |
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