WO2003036660A1 - Single-pole busbar bushing - Google Patents

Single-pole busbar bushing Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003036660A1
WO2003036660A1 PCT/ES2001/000404 ES0100404W WO03036660A1 WO 2003036660 A1 WO2003036660 A1 WO 2003036660A1 ES 0100404 W ES0100404 W ES 0100404W WO 03036660 A1 WO03036660 A1 WO 03036660A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cover
transformer
bushing
bowl
holes
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2001/000404
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Javier Ormazabal Ocerin
Original Assignee
Grupo Ormazabal, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Grupo Ormazabal, S.A. filed Critical Grupo Ormazabal, S.A.
Priority to PCT/ES2001/000404 priority Critical patent/WO2003036660A1/en
Publication of WO2003036660A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003036660A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/02—Casings
    • H01F27/04—Leading of conductors or axles through casings, e.g. for tap-changing arrangements

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is a low-voltage, single-pole, simple and inexpensive busbar bushing and, therefore, especially suitable for urban electric distribution transformers with intensities less than 1000 amps but which ensures a good tightness of the connection, as well as resistance to the rotation of the bushing.
  • the bushing consists of a small number of parts that can be easily assembled and disassembled, without the need to use screws, nuts or welds, also allowing the replacement of parts exposed to the outside.
  • the bushings are intended to allow the connection of the low voltage cables to the transformer and are generally constituted by a conductive element that, by one of its ends is submerged in the oil or dielectric liquid that fills the transformer tank and connected to the phases of the same, while at the other end emerges, through the cover of the transformer, being accessible for the operator to make the corresponding connections to the low voltage cables.
  • the passage of the conductive element through the cover of the transformer is carried out by means of insulating elements that are configured and sized to prevent an arc from jumping electrical between the elements in tension and those metallic parts connected to ground potential, such as the cover of the transformer.
  • the ceramic bushings are constituted by a pair of ceramic cups that are arranged on each side of the transformer cover, one being inside the transformer and the other outside the same, counting these ceramic cups with a central hole through which inside, a stud of conductive material that is connected passes through its lower end to the phases of the transformer and through the other end accesses the outside for the connection of low voltage cables.
  • the conductive stud has at its free end a thread in which the corresponding nut that stiffens and consolidates the clamping assembly that keeps the ceramic cups fixed on the transformer cover is tightened.
  • the low voltage cables can be made directly on the free terminal of the metal stud or through a metal shovel, which is hugged and tightened by means of screws on the said stud, and which has a flat part or shovel itself with a series of holes for the tie up of low voltage cables.
  • This type of bushing mainly has two drawbacks, first of all, the fragility of ceramic cups that can be broken or broken easily, producing a shunt of intensity, and secondly the fact that they do not present anti-rotation resistance, that is, in the event that electrodynamic tensions occur in the low voltage cables, the bushing could rotate, thus causing an approach and even the contact between the phases inside the transformer, resulting in short circuits.
  • the busbars can be used, in which the conductive element is constituted by a metal plate that has, in the part that is housed inside the transformer, with two holes for the connection to the phases of the transformer while that in the part that emerges outside the cover of the transformer also has a series of holes, generally four, to allow the output, vertically or horizontally, of the low voltage cables.
  • This plate is embedded in a resin body or other materials such as polyester, which is screwed onto the transformer cover, thus serving as fastening and fixing of the plate to the transformer cover and as an insulating element that prevents arc generation between the cables and the transformer, both parts being indivisible by their own manufacturing method.
  • This type of bushing is complemented generally with a gasket that is arranged between the lid and the resin body to ensure tightness and tightness at the junction with the transformer.
  • the resin body of the bushing As for the connection between the resin body of the bushing and the transformer cover itself, the resin body usually has four through holes that are introduced in two studs previously welded onto the transformer cover, this connection being fixed by means of the corresponding nuts they are threaded at the free ends of the welded studs and which hold the resin body pressed, and therefore the bushing, against the transformer cover, thus achieving tightness.
  • This type of bushing has the advantage that, due to the ceramic bushing, the advantage that by the constitution of the mooring, by means of four welded studs, it prevents the bushing from rotating but, on the contrary, it has a higher cost than that of the ceramic bushing, which are usually not used for low intensities, with ceramic bushings being preferred in these cases.
  • the bushing object of the invention is a bushing bushing, that is, in which the conductive element is constituted by a metal plate with holes for electrical connections, both inside the transformer and externally to the cables of low voltage, but it has the peculiarity that instead of being constituted as a compact element in which the conductive plate is embedded in a resin body, it is constituted by two pieces that can be attached to each other that are mounted quickly and easily, No need to use screws, nuts or welds. With this configuration, the fabrication and assembly of the bushing is easier and cheaper than with the current bushing of the busbar so it can even be used for intensities below 1000 A. In addition, it is also possible to disassemble the external parts when necessary any repair or replacement thereof.
  • the bushing object of the invention is constituted by a lower back cover and an upper cover or cup that are coupled together, both elements having a through groove for the introduction of the connection bar or plate, completing the bushing with quick fasteners of the assembly and with a series of gaskets.
  • the lower back cover is constituted by a body proper, as a turret, which is topped off in a horizontal widening, as a flange, which will act as a stop against the inner part of the transformer's own cover remaining inside it
  • the upper bowl has a more or less flared shape with an internal emptying, complementary to the external shape of the body or turret of the lower cover, which is coupled over it covering it completely and leaving the bowl resting on the lid of the transformer .
  • the upper bowl is the only part that is exposed to the outside of the transformer, so if the bushing suffers a blow, it will probably only affect the upper bowl that can be easily removed and replaced on-site, "without the need Send the transformer to the factory for opening and disassembly of the bushing.
  • both the bowl and the lower back cover are made of composite material, organic matrix and additional loads and, preferably of polyester with fiberglass, which make it much more resistant than ceramic bushings while much simpler and cheaper to manufacture than the bushing of bar embedded in synthetic resins.
  • the oblong shape of the passage hole of the transformer cover, into which the turret of the lower back cover is inserted also noticeably oblong, means that although the cables exert a pair on the bushing, it is impeded in its turn, thus complying with the anti-rotation regulations required for the bushings.
  • the shape of the hole in the transformer cover and the body or turret of the lower back cover could have an oval, elliptical or any other configuration, except the circular one, in order to be able to accommodate inside the connection bar or plate and prevent its rotation inside the hole of the transformer cover.
  • both the lower cover and the upper bowl have a through groove, through which the connection bar or plate is mounted, a plate that presents, in addition to the typical holes for the connection of the electrical phases, two upper and two lower holes that allow the interlocking of two fixing pins.
  • Pins will be located inside the transformer tank and support the lower cover, while the upper pins are arranged on the upper bowl keeping it pressed against the transformer cover and thus acting as the only fixing elements of the bushing to the transformer, without the need for welding or screwing. Thus the necessary tightening is achieved for the optimal work of the joints that pursue the tightness of the solution.
  • the lower back cover has a central recess at its upper end, determining a housing that surrounds the connection plate, inside which there is a sealing gasket that will be fixed against said plate by the pressure exerted by an inner skirt provided in the bowl upper, thus avoiding leakage of oil or dielectric liquid from the transformer through the hole in the connection plate.
  • the upper bowl has, on its lower support edge on the transformer cover, an inner and perimeter channel intended to house a seal that prevents the escape of oil or dielectric liquid through the hole in the transformer lid.
  • the upper bowl also has a perimeter wing, as a roof, which is intended to derive possible electric currents from the upper bowl to the transformer cover.
  • this perimeter wing has the function of increasing the leakage line, that is, the distance between the parts under tension and mass, to reduce the risk of failure or arc over the transformer cover in case of contamination of the surface by pollution or Decantation of volatile elements.
  • the bushing assembly would be as follows:
  • the transformer phases are connected to the bushing connection plate.
  • the fixing pins are inserted in the lower hole of the connection plate.
  • the lower cover is placed, which will be held by the lower pins.
  • the body of the lower back cover is passed through the hole provided in the cover of the transformer, until the perimeter flange of the same stops against the lower face of the cover, leaving the body of the back cover emerging outward from the transformer cover as well as the conductive connection plate.
  • This bushing therefore allows quick and easy assembly without the need for welding or screwing, as well as the disassembly of the same if necessary and also, the non-circular configuration of the assembly prevents the bushing from rotating.
  • connection plate usually of copper
  • another plate of similar dimensions and shapes but, in another material with lower conductivity, such as aluminum or brass and the bushing would be suitable for a range of lower intensities.
  • the bushing of the bar is not used, for its high cost, for intensities below 1250 A
  • the bushing of our invention could be adapted to different intensities, simply using different plates, thus optimizing the cost of the assembly, that is, that the transformer manufacturer instead of having to have a spare parts warehouse with different bushings for the different intensities, would simply need a series of lower covers and upper cups, always the same, that would be combined, according to the needs, with different connection bars, thus obtaining valid bushing for different intensities.
  • Figure 1 shows an exploded perspective of the bushing object of the invention, in which all the elements that compose it are observed in the sequence of assembly described above.
  • Figure 2. Shows a perspective of a bushing object of the invention, in mounting position on the transformer cover.
  • Figure 3. Shows a front section of the bushing in mounting position.
  • Figure 4. It shows a side section of the bushing in mounting position, including an enlarged detail of the sealing gasket that is disposed between the lower cover and the upper cup thereof.
  • the bar bushing of the invention in addition to the necessary busbar or connection plate (1) is mainly composed of a lower back cover (2) and an upper cover or bowl (3) , counting both pieces with a longitudinal groove (4) that crosses them completely to allow the passage of said connection plate
  • the lower back cover (2) is formed by a flat flange (5) that has an upper projection, like a turret, of approximately oblong section, of according to the cross section of the plate (1), turret (6) that is intended to pass through the hole (7), also oblong, provided in the cover (8) of the transformer, until the flange (5 ) is attached to the aforementioned cover (8) on the inside.
  • the lower back cover (2) is housed inside the transformer tank but its turret (6) is emerging outside the transformer and housed in the hole (7), oblong, which prevents rotation of the lower cover (2) and therefore of the bushing.
  • the bowl (3) has a flared shape with a large internal emptying, of shape and dimensions complementary to the external shape of the turret (6) of the lower back cover (2), in order to engage without gaps on it, leaving the bowl resting on the cover (8) of the transformer.
  • the bowl (3) is mounted from the outside on the lower cover (2), covering it completely and protecting it from possible damage or damage since, as will be described later, the bowl (3) can be easily replaced from the outside, while The lower cover (2) cannot be manipulated without accessing the inside of the transformer tank.
  • the assembly of the bowl on the lower cover (2) is clearly seen in Figure 2.
  • connection plate (1) in addition to the lower holes (9) for connection to the transformer phases and the upper holes (10) for connection to low voltage cables, it has a series of holes additional (11) and (12), in which pins (20) that hold the lower cover (2) and hold the upper bowl (3) against the cover (8) of the transformer.
  • the plate (1) has a pair of holes (11) provided in the lower part of the plate (1) but located above the connection holes (9), and a second pair of holes (12), parallel to the previous ones but located above these at a distance approximately equal to the height of the assembly formed by the bowl (3), the lower back cover (2), the transformer cover and the rubber gaskets in mounting position, such that the pins housed in the lower holes (11) hold the lower cover (2), since it is supported on the pins, while the pins that are housed in the upper holes (12), are positioned on the bowl, keeping it pressed against the cover (8) of the transformer.
  • both the upper edge of the bowl (3), and the lower face of the back cover (2) have notches or recesses (21) in which they are positioned, stably, the aforementioned pins (20).
  • the turret (6) of the lower back cover (2) has a central recess at its upper end
  • connection plate (1) determining a housing that surrounds the connection plate (1) and inside which a sealing gasket (14) is provided that will be fixed against said connection plate (1) by the pressure exerted by an inner skirt ( 15) provided in the upper bowl (3), thus avoiding leakage of oil or dielectric liquid from the transformer through the hole of step of the connection plate (1).
  • the upper bowl (3) has, on its lower edge (16) supporting the transformer cover (8), an inner and perimeter channel (17) intended to accommodate a sealing gasket (18) that prevents oil leakage or dielectric liquid through the hole (7) of the cover (8) of the transformer.
  • the bottom surface of the skirt (15) and the base of the recess (13) that determine the housing of the joint (14), have a slight inclination or chamfering, so that the sealing gasket (14) has a tendency to crush against the plate (1), thus guaranteeing its proper functioning.
  • the bowl (3) has on its outer surface a perimetral wing (19) that constitutes a kind of roof, in order to determine a space or jump with respect to the transformer cover, a jump that allows to redirect towards the transformer cover leakage currents of the bushing.
  • Both the lower cover (2) and the upper cup (3) are made of organic matrix composite material with additional loads and, preferably, of fiberglass polyester, so that the bushing has a greater resistance to breakage than the current ceramic bushings and, on the other hand, greater simplicity in manufacturing, and consequently lower cost, than bar bushes made of resins in which the connection plate is embedded.
  • the assembly thereof on the transformer cover is carried out quickly and easily, without using screws, nuts or welds and, in particular, as follows:
  • connection plate (1) The phases of the transformer are connected to the connection plate (1), through the holes (9) provided for this purpose. This connection is made inside the transformer tank.
  • the back cover (2) is mounted on the plate (1), introducing the plate through the hole (4) of the aforementioned cover (2), until it is resting on the pins (20) previously introduced in the holes (11). - The turret (6) of the lower back cover (2) is passed through the oblong hole (7) provided in the cover (8) of the transformer, until the perimeter flange (5) of the same stops against the face bottom of the cover (8), with the turret (6) emerging outward from the cover (8) of the transformer.
  • the upper bowl (3) is coupled on the lower cover (2) causing it to slide on the plate (1) through its hole (4).
  • the bowl (3) slides until it completely covers the turret (6) and is left with its bottom edge (16) resting on the cover (8) of the transformer.
  • the bowl (3) is compressed on the back cover bottom (2), so that it is possible to insert the pins (20) into the upper holes (12) of the connection plate (1).
  • the tool is removed, leaving the bowl mounted under pressure against the lower cover (2) and against the cover (8) of the transformer.
  • this bushing also allows that with the same parts, that is the lower cover (2) and the upper bowl (3), connection plates (1) of different materials are used, for example with different conductivities, thus being able to use the bushing for different ranges of intensities depending on the connection plate used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a single-pole busbar bushing. The inventive device comprises a lower counter cover (2) and an upper cap or guard (3) which are interconnected and which are provided with a longitudinal groove (4) for the passage of the flat terminal bar (1). Said lower counter cover (2) comprises: (i) a turret-shaped body (6) with an essentially oblong section which passes through the oblong hole (7) in the cover (8) of the transformer and extends out above the latter and (ii) a flange (5) which rests against the internal part of said cover (8). The essentially bell-shaped upper cap (3) is provided with an internal hollow space in which the projecting part (6) of the lower counter cover (2) is mounted in such a way as to be completely concealed. The aforementioned terminal bar (1) is provided with through holes (11) and (12) for the insertion of the lock pins (20) which are used to connect the lower counter cover (2) and the guard (3) and to maintain said elements fixed to the cover of the transformer.

Description

PASATAPAS DE BARRA, UNIPOLAR BAR PASATAPAS, UNIPOLAR
D E S C R I P C I O' NDESCRIPTIO 'N
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓNOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Es objeto de la invención un pasatapas de barra de baja tensión, unipolar, de fabricación sencilla y barata y, por tanto, especialmente adecuado para transformadores de distribución eléctrica urbana con intensidades menores de 1000 amperios pero que permita garantizar una buena estanqueidad de la conexión, así como resistencia al giro del pasatapas .The object of the invention is a low-voltage, single-pole, simple and inexpensive busbar bushing and, therefore, especially suitable for urban electric distribution transformers with intensities less than 1000 amps but which ensures a good tightness of the connection, as well as resistance to the rotation of the bushing.
El pasatapas está constituido por un número reducido de piezas que pueden montarse y desmontarse fácilmente, sin necesidad de utilizar tornillos, tuercas ni soldaduras, permitiendo además la sustitución de las piezas expuestas al exterior.The bushing consists of a small number of parts that can be easily assembled and disassembled, without the need to use screws, nuts or welds, also allowing the replacement of parts exposed to the outside.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Como es sabido, los pasatapas están destinados a permitir el conexionado de los cables de baja tensión al transformador y están constituidos generalmente por un elemento conductor que, por uno de sus extremos está sumergido en el aceite o líquido dieléctrico que llena la cuba del transformador y conectado a las fases del mismo, mientras que por su otro extremo emerge, a través de la tapa del transformador, quedando accesibles para que el operario realice las conexiones correspondientes a los cables de baja tensión. El paso del elemento conductor a través de la tapa del transformador se realiza mediante unos elementos aislantes que están configurados y dimensionados para evitar que pueda saltar un arco eléctrico entre los elementos en tensión y aquellas partes metálicas conectadas a potencial de tierra, como la tapa de1 transformador.As is known, the bushings are intended to allow the connection of the low voltage cables to the transformer and are generally constituted by a conductive element that, by one of its ends is submerged in the oil or dielectric liquid that fills the transformer tank and connected to the phases of the same, while at the other end emerges, through the cover of the transformer, being accessible for the operator to make the corresponding connections to the low voltage cables. The passage of the conductive element through the cover of the transformer is carried out by means of insulating elements that are configured and sized to prevent an arc from jumping electrical between the elements in tension and those metallic parts connected to ground potential, such as the cover of the transformer.
En la actualidad, se utilizan básicamente dos tipos de pasatapas de baja tensión, los pasatapas cerámicos y los pasatapas de barra.Currently, basically two types of low voltage bushing are used, ceramic bushing and bushing bushing.
Los pasatapas cerámicos están constituidos por una pareja de cazoletas cerámicas que se disponen una a cada lado de la tapa del transformador, quedando una en el interior del transformador y la otra en el exterior del mismo, contando estas cazoletas cerámicas con un orificio central por cuyo interior pasa un espárrago de material conductor que está conectado, por su extremo inferior a las fases del transformador y por el otro extremo accede al exterior para la conexión de los cables de baja tensión. El espárrago conductor presenta en su extremo libre una rosca en la cual se aprieta la correspondiente tuerca que rigidiza y consolida el montaje de sujeción que mantiene las cazoletas cerámicas fijas sobre la tapa del transformador .The ceramic bushings are constituted by a pair of ceramic cups that are arranged on each side of the transformer cover, one being inside the transformer and the other outside the same, counting these ceramic cups with a central hole through which inside, a stud of conductive material that is connected passes through its lower end to the phases of the transformer and through the other end accesses the outside for the connection of low voltage cables. The conductive stud has at its free end a thread in which the corresponding nut that stiffens and consolidates the clamping assembly that keeps the ceramic cups fixed on the transformer cover is tightened.
En cuanto a la conexión eléctrica de los cables de baja tensión al espárrago del pasatapas, se pueden realizar directamente sobre el borne libre del espárrago metálico o bien a través de una pala metálica, que se abraza y aprieta mediante tornillos sobre el citado espárrago, y que cuenta con una parte plana o pala propiamente dicha con una serie de orificios para el amarrado de los cables de baja tensión.As for the electrical connection of the low voltage cables to the bushing stud, they can be made directly on the free terminal of the metal stud or through a metal shovel, which is hugged and tightened by means of screws on the said stud, and which has a flat part or shovel itself with a series of holes for the tie up of low voltage cables.
Este tipo de pasatapas presenta principalmente dos inconvenientes, en primer lugar, la fragilidad de las cazoletas cerámicas que se pueden romper o quebrar fácilmente, produciéndose una derivación de intensidad, y en segundo lugar el hecho de que no presentan resistencia antigiro, es decir, que en el caso de que se produzcan tensiones electrodinámicas en los cables de baja tensión, los pasatapas podrían girar, provocando así un acercamiento e incluso el contacto entre las fases dentro del transformador, dando lugar a cortocircuitos.This type of bushing mainly has two drawbacks, first of all, the fragility of ceramic cups that can be broken or broken easily, producing a shunt of intensity, and secondly the fact that they do not present anti-rotation resistance, that is, in the event that electrodynamic tensions occur in the low voltage cables, the bushing could rotate, thus causing an approach and even the contact between the phases inside the transformer, resulting in short circuits.
Otra desventaja es el hecho de que en la mayoría de los casos es necesaria la incorporación de la pala, que incrementa el coste y aporta un mayor grado de riesgo o fallo por ser una conexión atornillada adicional . Las uniones atornilladas en la conducción eléctrica de baja tensión son puntos de riesgo ya que en ellos se originan calentamientos y, en caso de malos aprietes, se pueden producir temperaturas elevadas que pueden derivar en la combustión de los cables de baja tensión.Another disadvantage is the fact that in most cases the incorporation of the blade is necessary, which increases the cost and provides a greater degree of risk or failure because it is an additional bolted connection. The screwed connections in the low voltage electrical conduction are risk points since they cause heating and, in case of bad tightening, high temperatures can occur that can lead to the combustion of the low voltage cables.
Para evitar los problemas citados se pueden utilizar los pasatapas de barra, en los cuales el elemento conductor está constituido por una pletina metálica que cuenta, en la parte que queda alojada dentro del transformador, con dos orificios para la conexión a las fases del transformador mientras que en la parte que emerge fuera de la tapa del transformador cuenta también con una serie de orificios, generalmente cuatro, para permitir la salida, en vertical o en horizontal, de los cables de baja tensión. Esta pletina está embebida en un cuerpo de resina u otros materiales como el poliéster, que se atornilla sobre la tapa del transformador, sirviendo así como sujeción y fijación de la pletina a la tapa del transformador y como elemento aislante que evita la generación de arcos entre los cables y el transformador, siendo ambas partes indivisibles por su propia forma de fabricación. Este tipo de pasatapas se complementa generalmente con una junta que se dispone entre la tapa y el cuerpo de resina para garantiza la hermeticidad y estanqueidad en la unión con el transformador.To avoid the aforementioned problems, the busbars can be used, in which the conductive element is constituted by a metal plate that has, in the part that is housed inside the transformer, with two holes for the connection to the phases of the transformer while that in the part that emerges outside the cover of the transformer also has a series of holes, generally four, to allow the output, vertically or horizontally, of the low voltage cables. This plate is embedded in a resin body or other materials such as polyester, which is screwed onto the transformer cover, thus serving as fastening and fixing of the plate to the transformer cover and as an insulating element that prevents arc generation between the cables and the transformer, both parts being indivisible by their own manufacturing method. This type of bushing is complemented generally with a gasket that is arranged between the lid and the resin body to ensure tightness and tightness at the junction with the transformer.
En cuanto a la unión entre el cuerpo en resina del pasatapas y la propia tapa del transformador, habitualmente el cuerpo de resina presenta cuatro orificios pasantes que se introducen en sendos espárragos previamente soldados sobre la tapa del transformador, fijándose esta unión mediante las correspondientes tuercas que se roscan en los extremos libres de los espárragos soldados y que mantienen presionado el cuerpo de resina, y por tanto el pasatapas, contra la tapa del transformador, consiguiendo así la estanqueidad.As for the connection between the resin body of the bushing and the transformer cover itself, the resin body usually has four through holes that are introduced in two studs previously welded onto the transformer cover, this connection being fixed by means of the corresponding nuts they are threaded at the free ends of the welded studs and which hold the resin body pressed, and therefore the bushing, against the transformer cover, thus achieving tightness.
Este tipo de pasatapas, presenta frente a los pasatapas cerámicos la ventaja de que por la propia constitución del amarre, mediante cuatro espárragos soldados, impide el giro del pasatapas pero, por contra, presenta un coste mayor que el de los pasatapas cerámicos, por lo que habitualmente no se usan para intensidades bajas, prefiriéndose en estos casos los pasatapas cerámicos .This type of bushing, has the advantage that, due to the ceramic bushing, the advantage that by the constitution of the mooring, by means of four welded studs, it prevents the bushing from rotating but, on the contrary, it has a higher cost than that of the ceramic bushing, which are usually not used for low intensities, with ceramic bushings being preferred in these cases.
También hay que tener en cuenta que el montaje de los pasatapas de barra resulta muy laborioso por cuanto, por cada fase, se deben soldar cuatro espárragos y proceder posteriormente a su atornillado con las correspondientes tuercas. Además, al estar constituidos como una única pieza, si se produce cualquier deterioro sobre la pletina de conexiones, sobre el cuerpo de resina o cualquier fallo de estanqueidad, se debe enviar el transformador a fábrica para realizar la sustitución completa del pasatapas . En resumen, para intensidades bajas se utilizan los pasatapas cerámicos, ya que, aunque presentan ciertos inconvenientes y desventajas frente a los pasatapas de barra, tienen un coste más reducido que hace que sean los escogidos por los fabricantes de transformadores utilizados en la distribución urbana, mientras que para intensidades más elevadas se utilizan los pasatapas de barra, por sus mayores prestaciones y seguridad.It is also necessary to take into account that the assembly of the bushing of the bar is very laborious because, for each phase, four studs must be welded and then proceed to its screwing with the corresponding nuts. In addition, being constituted as a single piece, if any deterioration occurs on the connection plate, on the resin body or any sealing failure, the transformer must be sent to the factory to perform the complete replacement of the bushing. In summary, for ceramic currents, ceramic bushings are used, since, although they have certain drawbacks and disadvantages compared to busbars, they have a lower cost that makes them chosen by the transformer manufacturers used in urban distribution, while for higher intensities bar bushes are used, due to their greater performance and safety.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El pasatapas objeto de la invención, es un pasatapas de barra, es decir, en el cual el elemento conductor está constituido por una pletina metálica con orificios para las conexiones eléctricas, tanto en el interior del transformador como en la parte externa a los cables de baja tensión, pero presenta la particularidad de que en lugar de estar constituido como un elemento compacto en el cual la pletina conductora se encuentra embebida en un cuerpo de resina, está constituido por dos piezas acoplables entre sí que se montan de forma rápida y sencilla, sin necesidad de utilizar tornillos, tuercas o soldaduras. Con esta configuración, la fabricación y montaje del pasatapas resulta más sencilla y barata que con los actuales pasatapas de barra por lo que pueden incluso utilizarse para intensidades inferiores a 1000 A. Además, también es posible proceder al desmontaje de las piezas externas cuando sea necesaria alguna reparación o sustitución de las mismas.The bushing object of the invention is a bushing bushing, that is, in which the conductive element is constituted by a metal plate with holes for electrical connections, both inside the transformer and externally to the cables of low voltage, but it has the peculiarity that instead of being constituted as a compact element in which the conductive plate is embedded in a resin body, it is constituted by two pieces that can be attached to each other that are mounted quickly and easily, No need to use screws, nuts or welds. With this configuration, the fabrication and assembly of the bushing is easier and cheaper than with the current bushing of the busbar so it can even be used for intensities below 1000 A. In addition, it is also possible to disassemble the external parts when necessary any repair or replacement thereof.
En concreto, el pasatapas objeto de la invención está constituido por una contratapa inferior y una tapa o cazoleta superior que se acoplan entre sí, contando ambos elementos con una ranura pasante para la introducción de la barra o pletina de conexiones, completándose el pasatapas con unos elementos de fijación rápida del conjunto y con una serie de juntas de estanqueidad.Specifically, the bushing object of the invention is constituted by a lower back cover and an upper cover or cup that are coupled together, both elements having a through groove for the introduction of the connection bar or plate, completing the bushing with quick fasteners of the assembly and with a series of gaskets.
La contratapa inferior está constituida por un cuerpo propiamente dicho, a modo de torreta, que se remata inferiormente en un ensanchamiento horizontal, a modo de brida, que actuará como tope contra la parte interna de la propia tapa del transformador quedando dentro del mismoThe lower back cover is constituted by a body proper, as a turret, which is topped off in a horizontal widening, as a flange, which will act as a stop against the inner part of the transformer's own cover remaining inside it
(embebida en líquido dieléctrico) , mientras que el cuerpo de la cazoleta, de sección aproximadamente oblonga, es pasante a través de un orificio, también oblongo, de la tapa del transformador, emergiendo así el cuerpo de la contratapa al exterior del transformador.(embedded in dielectric liquid), while the body of the bowl, of approximately oblong section, is passed through a hole, also oblong, of the transformer lid, thus emerging the body of the back cover outside the transformer.
En cuanto a la cazoleta superior, presenta una forma mas o menos acampanada con un vaciado interno, complementario de la forma externa del cuerpo o torreta de la contratapa inferior, que se acopla sobre ésta cubriéndola completamente y quedando la cazoleta apoyada sobre la tapa del transformador.As for the upper bowl, it has a more or less flared shape with an internal emptying, complementary to the external shape of the body or turret of the lower cover, which is coupled over it covering it completely and leaving the bowl resting on the lid of the transformer .
De esta forma, la cazoleta superior es la única parte que queda expuesta al exterior del transformador, por lo que, si el pasatapas sufre algún golpe, probablemente afectará únicamente a la cazoleta superior que puede retirarse y sustituirse fácilmente in-situ", sin necesidad de enviar el transformador a fábrica para su apertura y desmontaje del pasatapas.In this way, the upper bowl is the only part that is exposed to the outside of the transformer, so if the bushing suffers a blow, it will probably only affect the upper bowl that can be easily removed and replaced on-site, "without the need Send the transformer to the factory for opening and disassembly of the bushing.
Además, se ha previsto que tanto la cazoleta como la contratapa inferior se fabriquen en material compuesto, de matriz orgánica y cargas adicionales y, preferentemente de poliéster con fibra de vidrio, que lo hacen mucho más resistentes que los pasatapas cerámico a la vez que mucho más sencillo y barato de fabricar que los pasatapas de barra embebidos en resinas sintéticas.In addition, it is envisaged that both the bowl and the lower back cover are made of composite material, organic matrix and additional loads and, preferably of polyester with fiberglass, which make it much more resistant than ceramic bushings while much simpler and cheaper to manufacture than the bushing of bar embedded in synthetic resins.
Por otro lado, la forma oblonga del orificio de paso de la tapa del transformador, en cuyo interior se introduce la torreta de la contratapa inferior, también sensiblemente oblonga hacen que, aunque los cables ejerzan un par sobre el pasatapas, éste esté impedido en su giro, consiguiendo así cumplir la normativa antigiro exigida para los pasatapas .On the other hand, the oblong shape of the passage hole of the transformer cover, into which the turret of the lower back cover is inserted, also noticeably oblong, means that although the cables exert a pair on the bushing, it is impeded in its turn, thus complying with the anti-rotation regulations required for the bushings.
Obviamente, la forma del orificio de la tapa del transformador y del cuerpo o torreta de la contratapa inferior podrían presentar una configuración oval, elíptica o cualquier otra, salvo la circular, con el fin de poder alojar en su interior la barra o pletina de conexiones e impedir el giro de la misma dentro del orificio de la tapa del transformador.Obviously, the shape of the hole in the transformer cover and the body or turret of the lower back cover could have an oval, elliptical or any other configuration, except the circular one, in order to be able to accommodate inside the connection bar or plate and prevent its rotation inside the hole of the transformer cover.
Como se ha indicado, tanto la contratapa inferior como la cazoleta superior, presentan una ranura pasante, a través de la cual se monta la barra o pletina de conexiones, pletina que presenta, además de los típicos orificios para el conexionado de las fases eléctricas, dos orificios superiores y otros dos inferiores que permiten el enclavamiento de sendos pasadores de fijación.As indicated, both the lower cover and the upper bowl, have a through groove, through which the connection bar or plate is mounted, a plate that presents, in addition to the typical holes for the connection of the electrical phases, two upper and two lower holes that allow the interlocking of two fixing pins.
Unos pasadores quedarán situados en el interior de la cuba del transformador y sirven de apoyo a la contratapa inferior, mientras que los pasadores superiores se disponen sobre la cazoleta superior manteniéndola presionada contra la tapa del transformador y actuando así como únicos elementos de fijación del pasatapas al transformador, sin necesidad de realizar soldaduras o atornillados. Así se consigue el apriete necesario para el trabajo óptimo de las juntas que persiguen la estanqueidad de la solución.Pins will be located inside the transformer tank and support the lower cover, while the upper pins are arranged on the upper bowl keeping it pressed against the transformer cover and thus acting as the only fixing elements of the bushing to the transformer, without the need for welding or screwing. Thus the necessary tightening is achieved for the optimal work of the joints that pursue the tightness of the solution.
La contratapa inferior presenta en su extremo superior un rehundido central, determinando un alojamiento que rodea la pletina de conexiones, en cuyo interior se dispone una junta de estanqueidad que quedará fija contra la citada pletina por la presión que ejerce un faldón interior previsto en la cazoleta superior, consiguiendo así evitar fugas de aceite o líquido dieléctrico del transformador a través del orificio de paso de la pletina de conexiones .The lower back cover has a central recess at its upper end, determining a housing that surrounds the connection plate, inside which there is a sealing gasket that will be fixed against said plate by the pressure exerted by an inner skirt provided in the bowl upper, thus avoiding leakage of oil or dielectric liquid from the transformer through the hole in the connection plate.
La cazoleta superior presenta, en su borde inferior de apoyo sobre la tapa del transformador, un canal interior y perimetral destinado al alojar una junta de estanqueidad que evita la salida de aceite o líquido dieléctrico a través del orificio de la tapa del transformador .The upper bowl has, on its lower support edge on the transformer cover, an inner and perimeter channel intended to house a seal that prevents the escape of oil or dielectric liquid through the hole in the transformer lid.
La cazoleta superior presenta también un ala perimetral, a modo de tejadillo, que está destinada a derivar posibles corrientes eléctricas desde la cazoleta superior a la tapa del transformador. Concretamente, este ala perimetral tiene la función de aumentar la línea de fuga, es decir, la distancia entre las partes a tensión y masa, para disminuir el riesgo de falta o arco sobre la tapa del transformador en caso de contaminarse la superficie por polución o decantación de elementos volátiles .The upper bowl also has a perimeter wing, as a roof, which is intended to derive possible electric currents from the upper bowl to the transformer cover. Specifically, this perimeter wing has the function of increasing the leakage line, that is, the distance between the parts under tension and mass, to reduce the risk of failure or arc over the transformer cover in case of contamination of the surface by pollution or Decantation of volatile elements.
El montaje del pasatapas sería de la siguiente manera :The bushing assembly would be as follows:
- Se conectan las fases del transformador a la pletina de conexiones del pasatapas. - Se introducen los pasadores de fijación en el orificio inferior de la pletina de conexiones.- The transformer phases are connected to the bushing connection plate. - The fixing pins are inserted in the lower hole of the connection plate.
- Se coloca la contratapa inferior que quedará sujeta por los pasadores inferiores. - Se hace pasar el cuerpo de la contratapa inferior a través del orificio previsto en la tapa del transformador, hasta que la brida perimetral de la misma haga tope contra la cara inferior de la tapa, quedando el cuerpo de la contratapa emergiendo hacia fuera respecto de la tapa del transformador al igual que la pletina conductora de conexión.- The lower cover is placed, which will be held by the lower pins. - The body of the lower back cover is passed through the hole provided in the cover of the transformer, until the perimeter flange of the same stops against the lower face of the cover, leaving the body of the back cover emerging outward from the transformer cover as well as the conductive connection plate.
- Se acopla sobre la contratapa inferior, la cazoleta superior. - Con una prensa adecuada al efecto se comprime la cazoleta sobre la contratapa inferior, de tal manera que es posible la introducción de otros pasadores en el orificio superior de la pletina de conexiones . - Se retira la prensa y la cazoleta ha quedado montada y fijada, a través de los pasadores mencionados .- It is fitted on the lower cover, the upper bowl. - With a press suitable for this purpose, the bowl is compressed on the lower cover, in such a way that the introduction of other pins in the upper hole of the connection plate is possible. - The press is removed and the bowl has been mounted and fixed, through the mentioned pins.
Este pasatapas permite por tanto realizar un montaje rápido y sencillo sin necesidad de efectuar soldaduras ni atornillados, así como el desmontaje del mismo si fuera necesario y además, la propia configuración no circular del conjunto impide el giro del pasatapas.This bushing therefore allows quick and easy assembly without the need for welding or screwing, as well as the disassembly of the same if necessary and also, the non-circular configuration of the assembly prevents the bushing from rotating.
Así por ejemplo, en caso de que se produzca algún fallo de hermeticidad o deterioros en la cazoleta superior, es posible desmontar, en el propio centro de transformación, es decir, sin tener que mandar el transformador a fábrica, la cazoleta superior y sustituirla por una nueva, así como cualquiera de las dos juntas de estanqueidad que quedan perfectamente accesibles sobre la tapa y desde el exterior del transformador.Thus, for example, in the event of any leakage or deterioration in the upper bowl, it is possible to disassemble, in the transformation center itself, that is, without having to send the transformer to the factory, the upper bowl and replace it with a new one, as well as either Seals that are perfectly accessible on the cover and from the outside of the transformer.
Finalmente, resultaría posible, manteniendo la cazoleta superior y la contratapa inferior, construir o formar un pasatapas con prestaciones de paso de intensidad inferiores con tan solo sustituir la pletina de conexiones, generalmente de cobre, por otra pletina, de dimensiones y formas similares pero, en otro material con conductividad inferior, como por ejemplo el aluminio o latón y el pasatapas sería adecuado para un rango de intensidades menores.Finally, it would be possible, while maintaining the upper bowl and the lower back cover, to build or form a bushing with lower intensity throughputs just by replacing the connection plate, usually of copper, with another plate, of similar dimensions and shapes but, in another material with lower conductivity, such as aluminum or brass and the bushing would be suitable for a range of lower intensities.
Esto puede ser importante ya que, generalmente los pasatapas de barra, no son utilizados, por su elevado coste, para intensidades inferiores a 1250 A, mientras que, como se ha dicho, el pasatapas de nuestra invención podría adaptarse a distintas intensidades, simplemente utilizando pletinas distintas, optimizando así el coste del conjunto, es decir, que el fabricante de transformadores en lugar de tener que disponer de un almacén de repuestos con pasatapas distintos para las distintas intensidades, simplemente necesitaría una serie de contratapas inferiores y cazoletas superiores, siempre los mismos, que se combinarían, según las necesidades, con distintas barras de conexiones, obteniendo así pasatapas válidos para diversas intensidades.This may be important since, generally, the bushing of the bar, is not used, for its high cost, for intensities below 1250 A, while, as mentioned, the bushing of our invention could be adapted to different intensities, simply using different plates, thus optimizing the cost of the assembly, that is, that the transformer manufacturer instead of having to have a spare parts warehouse with different bushings for the different intensities, would simply need a series of lower covers and upper cups, always the same, that would be combined, according to the needs, with different connection bars, thus obtaining valid bushing for different intensities.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOSDESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para completar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor compresión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complete the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, it is accompanied as an integral part of said description, a set of drawings in which, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented:
La figura 1.- Muestra una perspectiva explosionada del pasatapas objeto de la invención, en la cual se observan todos los elementos que lo componen en la secuencia del montaje descrita anteriormente.Figure 1 shows an exploded perspective of the bushing object of the invention, in which all the elements that compose it are observed in the sequence of assembly described above.
La figura 2. - Muestra una perspectiva de un pasatapas objeto de la invención, en posición de montaje sobre la tapa del transformador.Figure 2. - Shows a perspective of a bushing object of the invention, in mounting position on the transformer cover.
La figura 3. - Muestra una sección frontal del pasatapas en posición de montaje.Figure 3. - Shows a front section of the bushing in mounting position.
La figura 4. - Muestra una sección lateral del pasatapas en posición de montaje, incluyendo un detalle ampliado de la junta de hermeticidad que se dispone entre la contratapa inferior y la cazoleta superior del mismo.Figure 4. - It shows a side section of the bushing in mounting position, including an enlarged detail of the sealing gasket that is disposed between the lower cover and the upper cup thereof.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓNPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Tal y como se observa claramente en la figura 1, el pasatapas de barra de la invención, además de la necesaria barra o pletina de conexiones (1) está compuesto principalmente por una contratapa inferior (2) y una tapa superior o cazoleta (3) , contando ambas piezas con una ranura longitudinal (4) que las atraviesa completamente para permitir el paso de la citada pletina de conexionesAs can be clearly seen in Figure 1, the bar bushing of the invention, in addition to the necessary busbar or connection plate (1) is mainly composed of a lower back cover (2) and an upper cover or bowl (3) , counting both pieces with a longitudinal groove (4) that crosses them completely to allow the passage of said connection plate
(1) •(one) •
La contratapa inferior (2 ) está formada por una brida plana ( 5 ) que presenta una proyección superior , a modo de torreta , de sección aproximadamente oblonga , de acuerdo con la sección transversal de la pletina (1) , torreta (6) que está destinada a pasar a través del orificio (7) , también de forma oblonga, previsto en la tapa (8) del transformador, hasta que la brida (5) quede adosada a la citada tapa (8) por su parte interior. De esta forma, la contratapa inferior (2) se encuentra alojada en el interior de la cuba del transformador pero su torreta (6) queda emergiendo al exterior del transformador y alojada en el orificio (7), de forma oblonga, que impide el giro de la contratapa inferior (2) y por tanto del pasatapas .The lower back cover (2) is formed by a flat flange (5) that has an upper projection, like a turret, of approximately oblong section, of according to the cross section of the plate (1), turret (6) that is intended to pass through the hole (7), also oblong, provided in the cover (8) of the transformer, until the flange (5 ) is attached to the aforementioned cover (8) on the inside. In this way, the lower back cover (2) is housed inside the transformer tank but its turret (6) is emerging outside the transformer and housed in the hole (7), oblong, which prevents rotation of the lower cover (2) and therefore of the bushing.
La cazoleta (3) presenta una forma acampanada con un gran vaciado interior, de forma y dimensiones complementarias a la forma externa de la torreta (6) de la contratapa inferior (2) , con el fin de acoplarse sin holguras sobre ésta, quedando la cazoleta apoyada sobre la tapa (8) del transformador.The bowl (3) has a flared shape with a large internal emptying, of shape and dimensions complementary to the external shape of the turret (6) of the lower back cover (2), in order to engage without gaps on it, leaving the bowl resting on the cover (8) of the transformer.
La cazoleta (3) se monta desde el exterior sobre la contratapa inferior (2) , cubriéndola completamente y protegiéndola de posibles daños o desperfectos ya que, como se describirá mas adelante, la cazoleta (3) puede sustituirse fácilmente desde el exterior, mientras que la contratapa inferior (2) no puede manipularse sin acceder al interior de la cuba del transformador. El montaje de la cazoleta sobre la contratapa inferior (2) se observa claramente en la figura 2.The bowl (3) is mounted from the outside on the lower cover (2), covering it completely and protecting it from possible damage or damage since, as will be described later, the bowl (3) can be easily replaced from the outside, while The lower cover (2) cannot be manipulated without accessing the inside of the transformer tank. The assembly of the bowl on the lower cover (2) is clearly seen in Figure 2.
En cuanto a la pletina de conexiones (1) , además de los orificios inferiores (9) para la conexión a las fases del transformador y los orificios superiores (10) para la conexión a los cables de baja tensión, cuenta con una serie de orificios adicionales (11) y (12) , en los cuales se introducen unos pasadores (20) que sujetan la contratapa inferior (2) y mantienen aprisionada la cazoleta superior (3) contra la tapa (8) del transformador .As for the connection plate (1), in addition to the lower holes (9) for connection to the transformer phases and the upper holes (10) for connection to low voltage cables, it has a series of holes additional (11) and (12), in which pins (20) that hold the lower cover (2) and hold the upper bowl (3) against the cover (8) of the transformer.
En concreto, presenta una pareja de orificios (11) previstos en la parte inferior de la pletina (1) pero situados por encima de los orificios de conexión (9) , y una segunda pareja de orificios (12), paralelos a los anteriores pero situados por encima de estos a una distancia aproximadamente igual a la altura del conjunto formado por la cazoleta (3) , la contratapa inferior (2) , la tapa del transformador y las juntas de goma en posición de montaje, de tal manera que los pasadores alojados en los orificios inferiores (11) sujetan la contratapa inferior (2) , por cuanto ésta queda apoyada sobre los pasadores, mientras que los pasadores que se alojan en los orificios superiores (12) , quedan posicionados sobre la cazoleta, manteniéndola presionada contra la tapa (8) del transformador .Specifically, it has a pair of holes (11) provided in the lower part of the plate (1) but located above the connection holes (9), and a second pair of holes (12), parallel to the previous ones but located above these at a distance approximately equal to the height of the assembly formed by the bowl (3), the lower back cover (2), the transformer cover and the rubber gaskets in mounting position, such that the pins housed in the lower holes (11) hold the lower cover (2), since it is supported on the pins, while the pins that are housed in the upper holes (12), are positioned on the bowl, keeping it pressed against the cover (8) of the transformer.
Para mejorar el apoyo de los pasadores (20) , se ha previsto que tanto el borde superior de la cazoleta (3), como la cara inferior de la contratapa (2) presente unas muescas o rehundidos (21) en los cuales se posicionan, de forma estable, los citados pasadores (20) .To improve the support of the pins (20), it is provided that both the upper edge of the bowl (3), and the lower face of the back cover (2) have notches or recesses (21) in which they are positioned, stably, the aforementioned pins (20).
La torreta (6) de la contratapa inferior (2) presenta en su extremo superior un rehundido centralThe turret (6) of the lower back cover (2) has a central recess at its upper end
(13) , determinando un alojamiento que rodea la pletina de conexiones (1) y en cuyo interior se dispone una junta de estanqueidad (14) que quedará fija contra la citada pletina de conexiones (1) por la presión que ejerce un faldón interior (15) previsto en la cazoleta superior (3), consiguiendo así evitar fugas de aceite o líquido dieléctrico del transformador a través del orificio de paso de la pletina de conexiones (1) .(13), determining a housing that surrounds the connection plate (1) and inside which a sealing gasket (14) is provided that will be fixed against said connection plate (1) by the pressure exerted by an inner skirt ( 15) provided in the upper bowl (3), thus avoiding leakage of oil or dielectric liquid from the transformer through the hole of step of the connection plate (1).
La cazoleta superior (3) presenta, en su borde inferior (16) de apoyo sobre la tapa del transformador (8) , un canal interior y perimetral (17) destinado al alojar una junta de estanqueidad (18) que evita la salida de aceite o líquido dieléctrico a través del orificio (7) de la tapa (8) del transformador.The upper bowl (3) has, on its lower edge (16) supporting the transformer cover (8), an inner and perimeter channel (17) intended to accommodate a sealing gasket (18) that prevents oil leakage or dielectric liquid through the hole (7) of the cover (8) of the transformer.
Como se observa en el detalle ampliado de la figuraAs seen in the enlarged detail of the figure
4, la superficie inferior del faldón (15) y la base del rehundido (13) que determinan el alojamiento de la junta (14) , presentan una ligera inclinación o achaflanado, con el fin de que la junta de estanqueidad (14) tenga una tendencia a aplastarse contra la pletina (1) , garantizando así un buen funcionamiento de la misma.4, the bottom surface of the skirt (15) and the base of the recess (13) that determine the housing of the joint (14), have a slight inclination or chamfering, so that the sealing gasket (14) has a tendency to crush against the plate (1), thus guaranteeing its proper functioning.
Además, la cazoleta (3) presenta en su superficie externa un ala perimetral (19) que constituye una especie de tejadillo, con el fin de determinar un espacio o salto respecto de la tapa del transformador, salto que permite reconducir hacia la tapa del transformador corrientes de fuga del pasatapas .In addition, the bowl (3) has on its outer surface a perimetral wing (19) that constitutes a kind of roof, in order to determine a space or jump with respect to the transformer cover, a jump that allows to redirect towards the transformer cover leakage currents of the bushing.
Tanto la contratapa inferior (2) como la cazoleta superior (3) , son de material compuesto de matriz orgánica con cargas adicionales y, preferentemente, de poliéster en fibra de vidrio, por lo que el pasatapas presenta una mayor resistencia a la rotura que los pasatapas cerámicos actuales y, por otro lado, una mayor sencillez en la fabricación, y consecuentemente menor coste, que los pasatapas de barra fabricados con resinas en las cuales queda embebida la pletina de conexiones.Both the lower cover (2) and the upper cup (3), are made of organic matrix composite material with additional loads and, preferably, of fiberglass polyester, so that the bushing has a greater resistance to breakage than the current ceramic bushings and, on the other hand, greater simplicity in manufacturing, and consequently lower cost, than bar bushes made of resins in which the connection plate is embedded.
De acuerdo con las características descritas del pasatapas de barra objeto de la invención, el montaje del mismo sobre la tapa del transformador, se realiza de forma rápida y sencilla, sin necesidad de utilizar tornillos, tuercas o soldaduras y, en concreto, de la siguiente manera :In accordance with the described characteristics of the bar bushing object of the invention, the assembly thereof on the transformer cover, is carried out quickly and easily, without using screws, nuts or welds and, in particular, as follows:
- Se conectan las fases del transformador a la pletina de conexiones (1) , a través de los orificios (9) previstos al efecto. Esta conexión se realiza en el interior de la cuba del transformador .- The phases of the transformer are connected to the connection plate (1), through the holes (9) provided for this purpose. This connection is made inside the transformer tank.
- Se introducen los pasadores de fijación (20) en los orificios (11) de la pletina de conexiones- The fixing pins (20) are inserted in the holes (11) of the connection plate
(1) • - Se monta la contratapa (2) sobre la pletina (1) , introduciendo la pletina a través del orificio (4) de la citada contratapa (2) , hasta que ésta quede apoyada sobre los pasadores (20) previamente introducidos en los orificios (11) . - Se hace pasar la torreta (6) de la contratapa inferior (2) a través del orificio oblongo (7) previsto en la tapa (8) del transformador, hasta que la brida perimetral (5) de la misma haga tope contra la cara inferior de la tapa (8) , quedando la torreta (6) emergiendo hacia fuera respecto de la tapa (8) del transformador.(1) • - The back cover (2) is mounted on the plate (1), introducing the plate through the hole (4) of the aforementioned cover (2), until it is resting on the pins (20) previously introduced in the holes (11). - The turret (6) of the lower back cover (2) is passed through the oblong hole (7) provided in the cover (8) of the transformer, until the perimeter flange (5) of the same stops against the face bottom of the cover (8), with the turret (6) emerging outward from the cover (8) of the transformer.
- Se acopla sobre la contratapa inferior (2) la cazoleta superior (3) haciendo que ésta deslice sobre la pletina (1) a través de su orificio (4) . La cazoleta (3) se desliza hasta que cubre completamente la torreta (6) y queda con su borde inferior (16) apoyado sobre la tapa (8) del transformador .- The upper bowl (3) is coupled on the lower cover (2) causing it to slide on the plate (1) through its hole (4). The bowl (3) slides until it completely covers the turret (6) and is left with its bottom edge (16) resting on the cover (8) of the transformer.
- Con un útil a forma de prensa adecuada al efecto se comprime la cazoleta (3) sobre la contratapa inferior (2) , de tal manera que es posible la introducción de los pasadores (20) en los orificios superiores (12) de la pletina de conexiones (1) . - Se retira el útil, quedando la cazoleta montada a presión contra la contratapa inferior (2) y contra la tapa (8) del transformador.- With a press-shaped tool suitable for this purpose, the bowl (3) is compressed on the back cover bottom (2), so that it is possible to insert the pins (20) into the upper holes (12) of the connection plate (1). - The tool is removed, leaving the bowl mounted under pressure against the lower cover (2) and against the cover (8) of the transformer.
Obviamente, el desmontaje del pasatapas se realiza siguiendo de forma inversa los pasos mencionados anteriormente para el montaje.Obviously, the removal of the bushing is carried out in the reverse way the steps mentioned above for assembly.
La facilidad en el montaje y desmontaje, así como el hecho de que el pasatapas mencionado, en lugar de estar constituido de forma compacta, esté formado por una serie de piezas fácilmente desmontables, permite que, en el caso de que por cualquier accidente o golpe se produzcan daños en la cazoleta superior (3) , ésta pueda ser fácilmente sustituidas por una cazoleta nueva, sin necesidad de enviar el transformador a fábrica para una reposición del pasatapas completo, como ocurre en los sistemas actuales. Este fácil desmontaje de la cazoleta superior (3) permite también la sustitución rápida y sencilla de las juntas de estanqueidad (14) y (18) que, en los sistemas actuales, requieren también el envío del transformador a fábrica para su sustitución.The ease in assembly and disassembly, as well as the fact that the mentioned bushing, instead of being constituted in a compact way, is formed by a series of easily removable parts, allows that, in case of any accident or blow Damage occurs in the upper bowl (3), it can easily be replaced by a new bowl, without the need to send the transformer to the factory for a replacement of the complete bushing, as it happens in the current systems. This easy disassembly of the upper bowl (3) also allows the quick and easy replacement of the sealing gaskets (14) and (18) which, in current systems, also require the shipment of the transformer to the factory for replacement.
La configuración de este pasatapas permite además que con las mismas piezas, es decir la contratapa inferior (2) y la cazoleta superior (3) , se utilicen pletinas de conexiones (1) de distintos materiales, por ejemplo con distintas conductividades, pudiendo así utilizar el pasatapas para distintos rangos de intensidades dependiendo de la pletina de conexiones utilizada. The configuration of this bushing also allows that with the same parts, that is the lower cover (2) and the upper bowl (3), connection plates (1) of different materials are used, for example with different conductivities, thus being able to use the bushing for different ranges of intensities depending on the connection plate used.

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
Ia.- Pasatapas de barra, unipolar, que utilizando una pletina metálica con orificios para realizar las conexiones internas a las fases del transformador y para la conexión en el exterior a los cables de baja tensión, se caracteriza porque está compuesto por una contratapa inferior (2) y un tapa o cazoleta superior (3) que se acoplan entre sí y que presentan una ranura longitudinal (4) para el paso de la pletina de conexiones (1) , contando la contratapa inferior (2) con un cuerpo, a modo de torreta (6) , de sección sensiblemente oblonga, que pasa a través de un orificio (7) , también de sección oblonga, previsto en la tapa (8) del transformador, emergiendo al exterior del mismo, y por una brida perimetral (5) que queda adosada a la tapa (8) por la parte interna de ésta, mientras que la cazoleta superior (3) , presenta una forma sensiblemente acampanada, contando con un vaciado interior a través del cual se acopla sobre la parte emergente (6) de la contratapa inferior (2) cubriéndola completamente, habiéndose previsto que la pletina de conexiones (1) presente unos orificios pasantes (11) y (12) para la introducción de sendos pasadores que mantienen la contratapa inferior (2) y la cazoleta (3) acoplados entre sí y fijas a la tapa (8) del transformador.I a .- Unipolar busbars, which using a metal plate with holes to make internal connections to the phases of the transformer and for external connection to low voltage cables, is characterized in that it is composed of a lower back cover (2) and a cover or upper bowl (3) that fit together and have a longitudinal groove (4) for the passage of the connection plate (1), counting the lower cover (2) with a body, a turret mode (6), of substantially oblong section, which passes through a hole (7), also of oblong section, provided in the cover (8) of the transformer, emerging outside it, and through a perimeter flange ( 5) which is attached to the lid (8) by the internal part of the lid, while the upper bowl (3) has a substantially flared shape, with an internal emptying through which it engages on the emerging part (6 ) of the lower back cover (2) c placing it completely, having provided that the connection plate (1) has through holes (11) and (12) for the introduction of two pins that keep the lower cover (2) and the bowl (3) coupled to each other and fixed to the cover (8) of the transformer.
2a.- Pasatapas de barra, unipolar, según reivindicación Ia, caracterizado porque la pletina de conexiones (1) , además de los orificios (9) y (10) necesarios para la conexión, interna y externa a las fases, presenta una serie de orificios (11) , preferentemente dos, previstos en la parte inferior de la pletina (1) pero situados por encima de los orificios de conexión (9) , y una segunda serie de orificios (12) , paralelos a los anteriores pero situados por encima de éstos a una distancia aproximadamente igual a la altura del conjunto formado por la cazoleta (3) , la contratapa inferior (2) , la tapa (8) del transformador y las juntas de estanqueidad (14) y (18) en posición de montaje, de tal manera que los pasadores (20) alojados en los orificios inferiores (11) sujetan la contratapa inferior (2) , por cuanto ésta queda apoyada sobre los pasadores (20) , mientras que los pasadores que se alojan en los orificios superiores (12) , quedan posicionados sobre la cazoleta (3) , manteniéndola presionada contra la tapa (8) del transformador .2 .- Bushing bar, unipolar, according to claim I to, wherein the plate connection (1), in addition to holes (9) and (10) necessary for internal and external to the phases, connection presents a series of holes (11), preferably two, provided in the lower part of the plate (1) but located above the connection holes (9), and a second series of holes (12), parallel to the previous but located above these at a distance approximately equal to the height of the assembly formed by the bowl (3), the lower back cover (2), the cover (8) of the transformer and the gaskets (14) and (18) in the mounting position, in such a way that the pins (20) housed in the lower holes (11) hold the lower back cover (2), since it is supported on the pins (20), while the pins that are housed in the upper holes (12) ), are positioned on the bowl (3), keeping it pressed against the cover (8) of the transformer.
3a.- Pasatapas de barra, unipolar, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la parte emergente (6) de la contratapa inferior (2) presenta un rehundido superior (13) que determina un canal perimetral que rodea la pletina (1) en posición de montaje del pasatapas, rehundido que es complementario de un faldón (15) previsto por la parte interior de la cazoleta (3), de tal manera que entre ambos se determina un alojamiento perimetral en el cual se dispone una junta de estanqueidad (14) que evita la salida de aceite o líquido dieléctrico, desde el transformador, a través de la pletina de conexiones (1) .3 .- Bushing bar, unipolar, according to previous claims, wherein the protruding portion (6) of the lower cover (2) has an upper recess (13) defining a peripheral channel surrounding the plate (1) in position for mounting the bushing, recessed that is complementary to a skirt (15) provided by the inside of the bowl (3), in such a way that between them a perimeter housing is determined in which a sealing gasket (14) is arranged which prevents the exit of oil or dielectric liquid, from the transformer, through the connection plate (1).
4a.- Pasatapas de barra, unipolar, según reivindicación 3a, caracterizado porque la superficie inferior del faldón (15) y la base inferior del rehundido (13) , que quedan enfrentadas para determinar el alojamiento de la junta (14) , presentan una ligera inclinación o achaflanado, con el fin de que la junta de estanqueidad (14) tienda a desplazarse hacia la pletina de conexiones (1) , quedando presionada contra ésta y garantizando así una buena estanqueidad en toda la periferia de la misma. 5a.- Pasatapas de barra, unipolar, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la cazoleta (3) presenta un borde inferior (16) de apoyo sobre la tapa (8) del transformador, contando este borde inferior con un canal perimetral continuo (17) en cuyo interior se aloja una segunda junta de estanqueidad (18) , destinada a evitar las fugas de aceite o líquido dieléctrico a través del orificio (7) de la tapa (8) del transformador .4 .- Bushing bar, unipolar, according to claim 3, wherein the lower surface of the skirt (15) and the lower base of the recess (13) which are opposite to determine the seal housing (14), have a slight inclination or chamfering, so that the sealing gasket (14) tends to move towards the connection plate (1), being pressed against it and thus guaranteeing a good seal on the entire periphery thereof. 5 .- Bushing bar, unipolar, according to previous claims, characterized in that the cup (3) has a lower edge (16) bearing on the cover (8) of the transformer, having this lower edge with a continuous peripheral channel (17 ) in which a second sealing gasket (18) is housed, designed to prevent leaks of oil or dielectric liquid through the hole (7) of the cover (8) of the transformer.
6a.- Pasatapas de barra, unipolar, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque con el fin de mejorar el apoyo de los pasadores (20) , se ha previsto que tanto el borde superior de la cazoleta (3) , como la cara inferior de la contratapa (2) presenten unas muescas o rehundidos (21) en los cuales se posicionan, de forma estable, los citados pasadores (20) .6 .- Bushing bar, unipolar, according to previous claims, characterized in that in order to improve the support of the pins (20), it is provided to both the upper edge of the bowl (3) and the underside of The back cover (2) has notches or recesses (21) in which the aforementioned pins (20) are stably positioned.
7a.- Pasatapas de barra, unipolar, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la cazoleta (3) presenta en su superficie externa un ala perimetral (19), que constituye una especie de tejadillo, con el fin de determinar un espacio o salto respecto de la tapa del transformador (8) , salto que permite aumentar la línea de fuga ante posibles rastreos sobre la superficie exterior del pasatapas debidos a la acumulación de contaminación sobre la superficie de éste.7 .- Bushing bar, unipolar, according to previous claims, characterized in that the cup (3) has on its outer surface a perimetral wing (19), which constitutes a sort of roof, in order to determine a space or jump from of the cover of the transformer (8), jump that allows to increase the line of leakage before possible traces on the outer surface of the bushing due to the accumulation of contamination on the surface of this one.
8a.- Pasatapas de barra, unipolar, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la contratapa inferior (2) y la cazoleta superior (3) , son de material compuesto de matriz orgánica y cargas adicionales y, preferentemente, de poliéster con fibra de vidrio. 8 .- Bushing bar, unipolar, according to previous claims, characterized in that the bottom cover (2) and the upper dish (3), are composite organic matrix and additional fillers and preferably polyester fiberglass .
PCT/ES2001/000404 2001-10-26 2001-10-26 Single-pole busbar bushing WO2003036660A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2001/000404 WO2003036660A1 (en) 2001-10-26 2001-10-26 Single-pole busbar bushing

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3159901A1 (en) * 2015-10-20 2017-04-26 Pioch Bus-bar device, assembly comprising said device, corresponding electric assembly

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2545641A1 (en) * 1983-05-04 1984-11-09 Pioch Rene Assembly for LV output of medium of high power transformer - has clearance without loss of sealing achieved by ring at narrowest point of bi-conical hole
FR2633439A1 (en) * 1988-06-22 1989-12-29 Alsthom Bar run for electric transformer
EP0944101A1 (en) * 1998-03-18 1999-09-22 Pioch S.A. Bus-bar device and electrical feed-through
EP0971378A1 (en) * 1998-07-09 2000-01-12 COMEM S.p.A. Bushing insulator

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2545641A1 (en) * 1983-05-04 1984-11-09 Pioch Rene Assembly for LV output of medium of high power transformer - has clearance without loss of sealing achieved by ring at narrowest point of bi-conical hole
FR2633439A1 (en) * 1988-06-22 1989-12-29 Alsthom Bar run for electric transformer
EP0944101A1 (en) * 1998-03-18 1999-09-22 Pioch S.A. Bus-bar device and electrical feed-through
EP0971378A1 (en) * 1998-07-09 2000-01-12 COMEM S.p.A. Bushing insulator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3159901A1 (en) * 2015-10-20 2017-04-26 Pioch Bus-bar device, assembly comprising said device, corresponding electric assembly

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