WO2003025288A1 - Artificial surface with integrated thermal regulation - Google Patents
Artificial surface with integrated thermal regulationInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003025288A1 WO2003025288A1 PCT/CA2002/001422 CA0201422W WO03025288A1 WO 2003025288 A1 WO2003025288 A1 WO 2003025288A1 CA 0201422 W CA0201422 W CA 0201422W WO 03025288 A1 WO03025288 A1 WO 03025288A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- backing sheet
- artificial surface
- infill layer
- flexible
- synthetic
- Prior art date
Links
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000283086 Equidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000386 athletic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000003 hoof Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/24—Methods or arrangements for preventing slipperiness or protecting against influences of the weather
- E01C11/26—Permanently installed heating or blowing devices ; Mounting thereof
- E01C11/265—Embedded electrical heating elements ; Mounting thereof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
- E01C13/083—Construction of grass-grown sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating arrangements therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
- E01C2013/086—Combination of synthetic and natural grass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23921—With particles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23979—Particular backing structure or composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a synthetic grass turf with infill therein to provide an artificial surface for sports and for growing vegetables and other plants, more particularly to a synthetic grass turf with integrated thermal regulation to control the thermal conditions of the artificial surface.
- a particulate material is laid on a matrix of the synthetic grass, and the thickness of the particulate material is at least two thirds of the length of the ribbons .
- the strips of ribbons are attached by strips of bonding material applied to the back of the matrix or mat. The strips of bonding material are spaced apart and leave an area of mat un-coated, thereby providing improved drainage .
- Patent 5,958,527 entitled PROCESS OF LAYING SYNTHETIC GRASS, issued on September 28, 1999.
- the synthetic grass turf could be heated to melt snow or ice which covers the synthetic grass turf in order to maintain the adequate properties required for sport playing surfaces.
- the synthetic grass turf is used under very warm climatic conditions, however, the cooling of the grass turf is desirable.
- Heating systems have been developed for thawing and drying both natural and synthetic grass surfaces, such as electrical, fluid and air heating systems.
- Electrical heating is implemented by means of electrical resistance elements, fluid heating by communicating heating fluid through a network of heating pipes and air heating by communicating heated air through a distribution pipe network.
- these electrical resistance elements, fluid heating pipes and air distribution pipe networks are buried in a substrate of the playing field beneath the natural or synthetic grass turf. Examples of the electrical heating, fluid heating and air heating are described, respectively, in United States Patent 5,046,308 which issued to Alnond et al . on November 12, 1991, United States Patent 5,120,158 which issued to Husu on June 9, 1992 and United States Patent 4,462,184 which issued to Cunningham on July 31, 1984.
- thermo regulating system for an artificial surface having organic growing media for growing plants in order to meet specific temperature requirements for the roots of plants.
- the disadvantage of conventional heating systems lies in that a large portion of the heat energy is wasted and only a small amount of the heat energy reaches the surface for melting snow or ice coverage on the top of the surface, because the electrical resistance elements and pipe systems are buried in the playing field beneath the natural grass turf or the synthetic surfaces, usually in a substrate of the field. Therefore, a large portion of the heat energy is consumed heating the substrate while heating the surface of the playing field.
- the present invention is generally directed to an artificial surface with integrated thermal regulation for sports and other uses.
- the artificial surface comprises a synthetic turf base including a flexible backing sheet adapted to be positioned on a support substrate.
- An infill layer of a particulate material is disposed upon a top surface of the flexible backing sheet.
- the particulate material is selected from at least one of a group of materials consisting of hard granules, resilient granules and a growth medium.
- the artificial surface further includes a plurality of parallel rows of synthetic ribbons representing blades of grass, projecting upwardly from the flexible backing sheet and through the infill layer.
- a thermal regulating means is attached to the flexible backing sheet for controllably regulating a thermal condition of the synthetic turf base, the synthetic ribbons and the infill layer.
- the thermal regulating means comprises a flexible electric heating element adapted to be connected to an electrical power source to convert electric current into heat energy.
- the flexible electric heating element according to one embodiment of the present invention is flat and can be laminated to the flexible backing sheet.
- the flexible electric heating element comprises an electric cable attached to the top surface of the flexible backing sheet. The electrical cable is buried under the infill layer.
- the electric heating element preferably has a layout which includes a majority of elongate sections extending parallel to the rows of synthetic ribbons. The respective elongate sections are disposed in spaces between the rows of synthetic ribbons, and are laminated to the flexible backing sheet.
- the respective elongate sections are bonded to the top surface of the flexible backing sheet by means of hot-melt adhesive which has an activating temperature higher than a predetermined temperature at which the electric heating element converts electric current into heat.
- This method can be used to convert existing sports fields with these characteristics to heated fields .
- the infill layer preferably comprises a heat distributing particulate material having a relative effective conducting property.
- the heat distributing particulate material is disposed at the bottom of the infill layer and in contact with the thermal regulating means in order to effectively regulate thermal conditions of the synthetic base, the synthetic ribbons and the infill layer, while providing the surface with a resilient property.
- the infill layer comprises soil for growing plants on the artificial surface. The synthetic ribbons retain the soil on the artificial surface against wind erosion.
- the thermal regulating means comprises a flexible pipe which substitutes for the electric heating element and is adapted to be connected to a water source for circulation of the water therethrough.
- the flexible pipe can be used as a heating device for the artificial surface.
- the flexible pipe can be used as a cooling device for the artificial surface.
- the flexible pipe is preferably perforated, such as drip irrigation pipes, and is in fluid communication with the infill layer by means of the perforation thereof.
- the moisture is also desirable, especially when the infill layer comprises a growth medium such as soil, for plant growth.
- a secondary backing of the grass can be non- permeable to conserve water.
- the amount of water dispensed in the system can be monitored to reduce the evaporation process when sprinkling systems are used.
- the flexible pipe which is relatively fine is preferably arranged in a layout having a majority of parallel sections disposed between the rows of .synthetic ribbons, and attached to the top surface of the flexible backing sheet, or alternatively,- is integrated into the flexible backing sheet .
- the electric heating element or the flexible water pipe is integrated into the artificial surface so that relatively little energy will be wasted in heating or cooling the support substrate beneath the artificial surface. Thus, higher performance and lower operating costs are achieved.
- the electric heating elements or the flexible water pipes can be conveniently affixed to the artificial surface either on site or during the manufacturing process, and the costly construction of an underground system is thereby eliminated.
- Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an artificial surface according to one embodiment of the present invention, without an infill layer;
- Fig. 2 is a view similar to that of Fig: 1, showing the infill layer disposed on the top of the backing sheet of the surface;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the surface according to another embodiment of the present invention, without the infill layer;
- Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of a layout of the thermal-regulating means integrated with the surface of the present invention
- Fig. 5 is ⁇ a schematic illustration of an alternative layout of the thermal-regulating means integrated with the surface of the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the surface according to a further embodiment of the present invention, showing pipe sections attached to the backing sheet of the surface.
- the synthetic grass surface generally indicated at numeral 10 has a thin flexible backing sheet 12 with parallel rows 13 of synthetic strips or ribbons 15 projecting upwardly from the flexible backing sheet 12.
- a relatively thick layer 17 of infill particulate material is provided on the top of the flexible backing sheet 12 supporting the ribbons 15 in a relatively upright position on the backing sheet 12.
- the backing sheet 12 is adapted to be positioned on a support substrate (not shown) .
- the flexible backing sheet 12 as indicated in Figs. 3 and 6, comprises two layers 19, 21.
- the top layer 21 and bottom layer 19 can both be of woven or needle punched polypropylene fabric.
- the plastic strips or ribbons 15 are tufted through the backing sheet 12, passing through both layers 19 and 21.
- the backing sheet 12 has been shown as comprising two layers, it can also be formed from one layer or more.
- One or more of the layers in the flexible backing sheet 12 can be needle punched woven fabric to provide better drainage.
- At least the top layer 21 in the backing sheet 12 can be needle punched with synthetic fuzzy fibers (not shown) to provide means for wicking moisture through the layer. The fuzzy fibers further improve drainage of the surface.
- the ribbons 15 are made from suitable synthetic material which is extruded in a strip which is relatively wide and thin.
- the preferred plastic material is polyethylene which is soft and has good abrasion resistance.
- polypropylene can also be used in making the ribbons 15.
- the spacing of the rows 13 of the ribbons 15 is dependent on the activity to be performed on the surface. For instance, cleats worn on the shoes of athletes for different sports have an average spacing of about three-quarters of an inch. Football cleats or soccer cleats may be spaced wider than baseball cleats . In sports such as horse racing, it is contemplated that much wider spacing will be required between the rows to' accommodate the hooves of the horses. Thus, it is contemplated that for horse racing, a spacing between the rows of up to two and one-quarter inches could be necessary, with a proportionally longer ribbon of up to five inches for other uses .
- the rows 13 of the ribbons 15 are spaced apart between five-eighths inches and two and one-quarter inches and such spacing is adequate to allow an electric heating element or a flexible fine water pipe to be disposed therebetween. Therefore, it is possible to integrate a thermal regulation system into the surface 10 of the present invention.
- insulated electric heating cable sections 23 extend parallelly to the rows 13 of the synthetic ribbons 15 and are disposed in spaces between the rows 13 of the synthetic ribbons 15.
- the electric heating cable sections 23 can be connected in series as shown in Fig. 4, or in parallel connection as shown in Fig. 5.
- the electric heating cable sections 23 can be bonded to the top of the backing sheet 12 by means of a hot-melt adhesive 25, as shown in Fig. 4.
- the activating temperature of the hot-melt adhesive 25 is higher than the designated work temperature of the heating elements so that the bond of the electrical heating cable sections 23 with the flexible backing sheet 12 will remain intact and never release due to overheating.
- the bonding of the electric heating cable sections 23 to the flexible backing sheet 12 can be done either on site or during the manufacturing process. When it is done on site, the pieces of hot-melt adhesive 25 are distributed, as shown in Fig. 4, between the backing sheet 12 and the electric heating cable sections 23.
- the electric heating cable 23 is connected to an electric power source (not shown) having a voltage supply higher than the normal operating voltage and the electric heating cable sections 23 are thereby heated to - li the activating temperature, by way of a rheostadt for example, of the hot-melt adhesive 25 to melt the pieces of hot-melt adhesive 25.
- the electric heating cable sections 23 are bonded to the flexible backing sheet 12 when the power source is disconnected and the pieces of hot-melt adhesive 25 cool and become solid.
- plastic clips can also be used to secure the electrical heating cable sections 23 to the backing sheet 12. These clips could puncture the backing sheet 12 in order to attach themselves around the electric heating cable sections 23 and to the backing sheet 12. This would preferably be done during the manufacturing process .
- electrical conduits 27 are integrated into the backing sheet 12 of the artificial surface 10.
- the electrical conduits 27 could be made of thin heating cables of the types used for heating the eaves of roofs in order to melt snow, thereby reducing the risk of falling snow causing injury to people below. These cables can also be low voltage electrical conduits and can be modified according to the site requirements of the artificial surface 10.
- the electrical conduits 27 can be laminated between the two layers 19, 21 of the backing sheet 12, or laminated to the top of the backing sheet 12 by an additional lamination process during manufacture of the backing sheet 12.
- the synthetic ribbons 15 are then tufted into the backing sheet 12 between the sections of the electrical conduits 27.
- the infill layer of a particulate material is disposed upon a top surface of the flexible backing sheet 12 and the particulate material includes at least one of a group of materials consisting of hard granules, resilient granules and a growth medium.
- the artificial surface 10 which is generally used for sports, includes the infill layer 17 made up of a base course 29, a middle course 31 and a top course 33.
- the base course 29 substantially consists of hard granules disposed immediately upon the top surface of the backing sheet 12.
- the hard granules of the base course 29 are sand which is a very effective and low cost aggregate which can dissipate heat efficiently.
- the hard granules of the base course 29 include sand as a first layer of the base course 29 and a second layer of additional and better heat dissipating material could be added, such as ceramic granules added to the top of the sand or mixed with the sand.
- additional and better heat dissipating material could be added, such as ceramic granules added to the top of the sand or mixed with the sand.
- These granules should be of a size generally equal to that of the sand granules so that the additional and better heat dissipating granules will not drop below and into the sand if such mix is not desired.
- These additional and better heat dissipating granules could ' facilitate more uniform dissipation of the heat over the horizontal plane of the artificial surface 10.
- the middle course 31 of the infill layer 17 is a mixture of hard sand granules and resilient rubber granules. The mixture is selected on the basis of a weight ratio greater than 2:1 of hard and resilient granules respectively.
- the top course 33 of the infill layer 17 substantially consists of resilient rubber granules. The ' entire infill can also be made up of only rubber granules or only sand.
- An upper portion of the synthetic ribbons 15 extends upwardly from a top surface of the top course 33 and preferably bends over the top surface of the top course 33 of the infill layer 17. This can be achieved by passing over the surface with a wire brush, for example, or by other brushing means, after installation of the top course 33 of the infill layer 17.
- the ends of the synthetic ribbons 15 are split, frayed or fibrillated, and interweave each other into a loose network in order to more realistically simulate the appearance of natural grass and thus increase their ability to hold or bind the top course 33 of the infill layer 17.
- the resulting artificial turf surface can be adapted for several indoor and outdoor uses, such as: athletic playing fields, horse racing tracks and recreational areas .
- the details of the infill layer 17 are described in the Applicant's United States Patent 5,958,527 which is incorporated by reference herein. Nevertheless, the surface can also be installed without the need to fibrillate the fiber tips on site.
- the above described infill layer 17 is only one example which could be used in the embodiment of the present invention and could include many different combinations of particulate materials, for example, substantially rubber, substantially sand, sand mixes, sand on the bottom with substantially rubber above, rubber and ceramic, and any other similar mixes.
- Other additives to the infill layer 17 which help the infill 17 dissipate the heat could be selected from a group of materials, besides sand and ceramic granules, including, for instance, glass granules, stone particulate, lava rock granules, steel pellets, coal slag granules and any other heat dissipating or transmitting granules.
- the heat dissipating or transmitting granules could enhance heat transfer in the artificial surface 10 farther from the electric heating cable or conduit sections 23, 27, which would thereby reduce the total length of heating cable 23 or electric conduit 27 required for an artificial surface 10. This results in a reduced total cost of the system both " in installation and operation.
- the synthetic ribbons 15, or at least some of the total number of ribbons 15, could be made from heat reflecting material which would further improve heat transfer within the infill layer 17 of the artificial surface 10.
- the backing sheet 12, at least the top layer 21, can be made of heat reflecting fibers to that covering the backing sheet 12 would direct heat primarily upward to melt the ice and snow.
- the infill layer 17 can further include a growth medium, such as soil if the artificial surface 10 is to be used for growing vegetables or other plants .
- the roots could be maintained at a temperature warmer than the atmosphere in during cold climatic conditions.
- the infill layer 17 can selectively include organic growing media only; organic growing media and some sort of inert material that enhances or retains heat; or organic growing media and ceramic beads which effectively retain moisture. Variations in the composition of an infill layer 17 can be selected to overcome growing difficulties under various climatic conditions, such as aridity and cold.
- the artificial surface especially when used for sports, is designed to be heated in order to allow sports events to continue, even under severe weather conditions.
- a permanent power source for activating the heating system can be installed, however cost savings can be achieved by leasing a portable power plant on an as needed basis when the occasions of use are infrequent .
- measures can be taken to reduce energy requirements . If a deep snow fall covers the artificial surface 10, most of the snow cover can first be removed by plows, scraping or other methods, and then the heating system need only address the residual snow. Sufficient heat is generated to maintain the infill layer 17 in its designed state, in which the infill layer 17 is not clumped and frozen. Once the artificial surface 10 reaches this point, the heating system can be immediately turned off to save energy costs . [0046] The necessary start-up time required for the heating cables or electrical conduit 23, 27 to be only minutes . The time required to properly heat the surface could be a matter of minutes or hours, which is far less than conventional systems using heating fluids circulated through a series of pipes under the artificial surface 10 and in the substrate.
- the artificial surface 30 includes a plurality of flexible fine pipe sections 29 which substitute for the electric heating element sections 23 or the electrical conduits 27 as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3.
- Other components and features are similar to the embodiments described with reference to Figs. 1 through 5 and will not therefore be redundantly described.
- the components similar to those in Figs. 1 through 5 are indicated by the same numerals in Fig. 6.
- the flexible fine pipe sections 29 can be the integral sections of one single pipe, similar to the layout illustrated in Fig. 4, or can be connected in fluid communication with parallel pipe connections as illustrated in Fig. 5.
- the pipe sections 29 are connected to a pump and water source (not shown) and water under pressure is circulated through the pipe sections 29. When hot water is circulated through the pipe sections 29, the infill layer 17 is heated. When the water temperature is below the ambient temperature of the artificial surface 30 during warm weather, the infill layer 17 can be cooled by cold water circulating through the pipe sections 29.
- the pipe sections 29 can be affixed to the flexible backing sheet 12 either by adhesive material or clips.
- the pipe sections 29 can also be laminated to the backing sheet 12.
- the pipe sections 29 are preferably perforated so that the pipe sections 29 are in fluid communication with the infill layer 17 by means of the perforations 32.
- Water under pressure is circulated through the pipe sections 29 and a portion of the water enters the infill layer 17 through the perforations 32 of the pipe sections 29.
- the perforations 32 are evenly distributed along the pipe sections 29 and the water flow is controlled so that the water which enters the infill layer 17 does not flood the infill layer 17, but only moistens the particulate material of the infill layer 17 and the synthetic ribbons 15.
- the capillary action of the sand would allow the moisture to travel upwards in the infill and would therefore act as a coolant in the infill. Heat is removed from the infill layer 17 and the synthetic ribbons 15, as well as the backing sheet 12, when the moisture contained within the artificial surface 30 evaporates so that the temperature of the artificial surface is thereby reduced.
- the temperature of water circulated through the pipe sections in this application is not necessarily below the ambient temperature because the cooling is achieved by evaporation rather than heat exchange.
- the layout illustrated in Fig. 5 is preferable for the pipe sections 29.
- the pipe sections 29 are connected in a parallel configuration which will reduce the loss of water pressure along the pipe length as opposed to the pipe sections 29 connected in series, as illustrated in Fig. 4.
- the moisture is thereby distributed more evenly within the entire area of the artificial surface 30.
- the embodiment shown in Fig. 6 can be used for the purpose of sports or recreational fields, or as a plant growing surface and the use will dictate the choice of particulate materials chosen for the infill layer 17.
- the artificial surface 30 including a growing medium in the infill layer 17, as shown in Fig. 6 is particularly effective for growing vegetables and plants .
- the moisture provided through the pipe sections 29 can not only be used as a cooling medium, but can also provide the necessary water supply to the vegetables or plants growing in the infill layer 17. Adequate water supply must be carefully controlled to prevent flooding the artificial surface 30, while maintaining cooling of the artificial surface 30.
- a secondary backing coating which is applied to the backing sheet 12 can be impermeable to the point where the amount of moisture allowed to flow through the perforated pipes is just enough to maximize the growing conditions for the specified plant.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA 2460523 CA2460523A1 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2002-09-18 | Artificial surface with integrated thermal regulation |
KR10-2004-7003966A KR20040047838A (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2002-09-18 | Artificial surface with integrated thermal regulation |
EP02762179A EP1427889A1 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2002-09-18 | Artificial surface with integrated thermal regulation |
MXPA04002630A MXPA04002630A (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2002-09-18 | Artificial surface with integrated thermal regulation. |
JP2003528903A JP2005513305A (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2002-09-18 | Artificial ground with temperature control for sports and other applications |
AU2002328220A AU2002328220B2 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2002-09-18 | Artificial surface with integrated thermal regulation |
NO20041136A NO325553B1 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2004-03-19 | Artificial surface with integrated thermal regulator for sports and other uses. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US32371801P | 2001-09-21 | 2001-09-21 | |
US60/323,718 | 2001-09-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003025288A1 true WO2003025288A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
Family
ID=23260411
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CA2002/001422 WO2003025288A1 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2002-09-18 | Artificial surface with integrated thermal regulation |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6689447B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1427889A1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2005513305A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20040047838A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100436715C (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002328220B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2460523A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA04002630A (en) |
NO (1) | NO325553B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2293815C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003025288A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2898771A1 (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-09-28 | Hydatec Sarl | Ground e.g. foot ball ground, dampening device, has protective structure inserted within self-leveling layer, fitted with stand destined to be inserted within layer, and fitted with removable upper cover covered by chimney |
EP2135497A1 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2009-12-23 | Sydvac | Apparatus and method for handling an artificial turf arranged on a base |
WO2010062549A2 (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2010-06-03 | Ronald Wise | Substrate for artificial turf |
EP3385449A1 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2018-10-10 | Drivkraft, Andrén | Prefabricated rollable artificial grass surface and method of laying |
Families Citing this family (63)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6551689B1 (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2003-04-22 | Fieldturf Holdings Inc. | Synthetic grass with resilient granular top surface layer |
US6902521B2 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2005-06-07 | Carl E. Baugh | System and method to enhance growth and biological function of living systems with pulsed electromagnetic energy |
US7338431B2 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2008-03-04 | Baugh Carl E | Method and apparatus to stimulate the immune system of a biological entity |
US20040229007A1 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2004-11-18 | Motz Joseph E. | Infilled artificial surface with natural grass-like play characteristics |
US6818274B1 (en) * | 2003-01-16 | 2004-11-16 | Bright Intellectual Asset Management, Llc | Artificial turf system using support material for infill layer |
US7858148B2 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2010-12-28 | Usgreentech, L.L.C. | Filler for artificial turf system |
US8263203B2 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2012-09-11 | Usgreentech, L.L.C. | Filler for artificial turf system |
US20050158501A1 (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-07-21 | O'connor Investment Corp. | Covering having an integral barrier for use on treated boards |
US20050025925A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-03 | O'connor Investment Corporation | Covering for boards |
US20050112316A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-05-26 | O'connonr Investmetn Corp. | Carpet tiles for use on exterior surfaces |
US6966963B2 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-11-22 | O'connor Investment Corporation | Method of applying a covering for boards |
US20050095386A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-05-05 | O'connor Investment Corp. | Covering for use on treated boards |
US20050089678A1 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2005-04-28 | Mead Steven R. | Multi-layered floorig composite including an acoustic underlayment |
US7244477B2 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2007-07-17 | Brock Usa, Llc | Multi-layered sports playing field with a water draining, padding layer |
US7189445B2 (en) | 2003-12-12 | 2007-03-13 | Generalsports Turf, Llc | Synthetic sports turf having improved playability and wearability |
US8329265B2 (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2012-12-11 | Astroturf, Llc | Transition synthetic sports turf |
US20060003130A1 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-05 | O'connor Investment Corp. | Folded edge step mat |
ITPI20040052A1 (en) * | 2004-07-15 | 2004-10-15 | Roberto Nusca | CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM FOR THE REALIZATION OF SPORTS, RECREATIONAL AND / OR ORNAMENTAL SURFACES WITH THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL GRASS TECHNOLOGY COMBINED WITH LIVING VEGETABLE COVERS |
US7357966B2 (en) * | 2004-08-31 | 2008-04-15 | New England Soccer School, Llc | Synthetic turf system and method |
US7147401B2 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-12-12 | Wickens Richard B | Installation and drainage system for synthetic grass |
US7153553B2 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-12-26 | Christopher Tetrault | Synthetic turf having cooling layer |
PL2520714T3 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2014-06-30 | Tarkett Inc | Synthetic turf surface |
US7166340B1 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2007-01-23 | A.R.M.S Building & Maintenance, Inc. | Artificial turf system |
US20070248772A1 (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2007-10-25 | Charles Cook | Inlaying process for installing features in a synthetic sports field |
US7364634B1 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2008-04-29 | Darwin Enterprises | Carpet construction having secondary backing |
EP2039830A1 (en) | 2007-09-22 | 2009-03-25 | Bonar Yarns & Fabrics, Ltd. | Cool artifical turf |
JP4971118B2 (en) * | 2007-12-06 | 2012-07-11 | 日本体育施設株式会社 | Artificial grass |
US20090246418A1 (en) * | 2008-02-12 | 2009-10-01 | Ronald Wise | Joint construction for artificial turf substrate |
US8048506B2 (en) * | 2008-02-12 | 2011-11-01 | Ronald Wise | Carpet |
JP5238330B2 (en) * | 2008-04-16 | 2013-07-17 | 積水樹脂株式会社 | Artificial grass |
US20090269517A1 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2009-10-29 | Kenneth Alan Karmie | Floor cleansing system and method for use thereof |
WO2010075098A1 (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2010-07-01 | Textile Management Associates, Inc. | Method of recycling synthetic turf and infill product |
US8795834B2 (en) | 2009-02-09 | 2014-08-05 | Sapturf, Llc | Synthetic turf having cooling layer |
US20100203265A1 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-12 | Sapturf, Llc | Synthetic Turf Having Cooling Layer |
KR101016181B1 (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2011-02-24 | 구정민 | Artificial Street Tree for improving the surroundings |
US20100239790A1 (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2010-09-23 | Stricklen Phillip M | System and method for an improved artificial turf |
IT1395627B1 (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2012-10-16 | Nusca | MATERIAL OF CLOGS FOR MANHOLES IN SYNTHETIC GRASS AND MANTS IN SYNTHETIC GRASS AS OBTAINED |
US8365467B1 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2013-02-05 | Livingston Robert E | Prevegetated blanket |
US20120090235A1 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2012-04-19 | Briar Horn | Apparatus for a Plant Growth Medium |
EP2633123A4 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2016-04-20 | Quantum Group Inc | Artificial turf systems and applications thereof |
US9119351B1 (en) * | 2011-02-11 | 2015-09-01 | Richard Campbell | Soil replacement method and system for seed germination and agricultural growing |
US9435083B2 (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2016-09-06 | Turf Group Llc | Special coatings and infill for artificial turf |
US8986808B2 (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2015-03-24 | Milo George | Chlorophyll cooling agent for synthetic turf components |
CN102797322A (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2012-11-28 | 青岛青禾人造草坪有限公司 | Artificial lawn with infrared reflecting function for greening roof |
CN102852068A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2013-01-02 | 西南交通大学 | Intelligent concealed ice breaking skidding resisting system of expressway |
CN103081739B (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2014-03-26 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Device for heating terminal bud partially |
KR101328582B1 (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-11-12 | 허성록 | The turf structure having hoses |
NL2011281C2 (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2015-02-10 | Bluefinger Holding B V | ARTIFICIAL GRASS MAT, SYSTEM FOR GENERATING ELECTRIC ENERGY FROM HEAT, AND BUILDING CONTAINING SUCH A SYSTEM. |
NL2014875B1 (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-01-31 | Ten Cate Thiolon Bv | Artificial Turf System. |
JP6564621B2 (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2019-08-21 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | Ground surface cooling structure |
CA2948050C (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2019-09-24 | Industrial Waterproof Systems Ltd. | Inverted roofing system and method |
CN105640696A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-06-08 | 张元霞 | Circulating cold compress device for orthopedic nursing |
FR3058739A1 (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-18 | Progreen | SUPPORT FOR ENGAZONNE SURFACE GAMES |
US20190390414A1 (en) * | 2017-01-31 | 2019-12-26 | Wolfgang Bacher | Riding surface and method for constructing a riding surface |
EP3409837A1 (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-05 | Benoit Pintat | An artificial turf infill material |
US11453982B2 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2022-09-27 | Benoit PINTAT | Artificial turf infill material |
NL2019127B1 (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-07 | Global E Systems Europe B V | System for manufacturing an underlayer of a floor structure, underlayer, and floor structure |
US20200332477A1 (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2020-10-22 | Seymour Tomarin | Heat management for synthetic fields and athletic surfaces |
US20190222162A1 (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-18 | Watershed Solar LLC | Elongate member mounting system for securing photovoltaic module to ground cover system |
CN110258244B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2024-04-02 | 深圳市创想体育设施工程有限公司 | Intelligent artificial turf of easy dismouting |
EP3772431B1 (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2022-10-12 | Benecke-Kaliko AG | Shape-shifting self-healing and self-cleaning surface materials |
CN111395103B (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2022-04-22 | 广州傲胜人造草股份有限公司 | Artificial low-temperature artificial lawn |
WO2021229339A1 (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2021-11-18 | 4427017 Canada Inc. | Self-cooling artificial turf system with water retention |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2514046A1 (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1983-04-08 | Sarti | Surface for carrying vegetation - comprises netting on which vegetation is grown and transported with passages for fluid and heating elements |
US4462184A (en) | 1979-05-18 | 1984-07-31 | Cunningham Percy C | System for improving synthetic surfaces |
US5046308A (en) | 1987-09-25 | 1991-09-10 | Roberto Longobardi | Exhaust system for internal combustion engines provided with a device for housing filters designed to trap solid particles and unburned hydrocarbons entrained in exhaust gases |
US5120158A (en) | 1989-06-16 | 1992-06-09 | Aarne Husu | Apparatus and method for heating a playfield |
JPH07317011A (en) * | 1991-03-20 | 1995-12-05 | Tokutaro Komuro | Snow melting artificial turf |
JPH09203007A (en) * | 1995-11-21 | 1997-08-05 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | Pavement structure |
CA2218314A1 (en) | 1997-03-10 | 1998-09-10 | Fieldturf Holdings Inc. | Synthetic turf |
US5958527A (en) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-28 | Fieldturf Holdings, Inc. | Process of laying synthetic grass |
WO2002075053A1 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-26 | Gary Wayne Waterford | Synthetic sports surface |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02269207A (en) * | 1989-04-10 | 1990-11-02 | Sato Doro Kk | Heating type artificial lawn |
JPH07317010A (en) * | 1991-03-12 | 1995-12-05 | Tokutaro Komuro | Snow melting green of golf practicing course |
US5064308A (en) | 1991-03-15 | 1991-11-12 | Almond Daniel R | Gravity drainage system for athletic fields and method therefor |
US5850708C1 (en) | 1992-06-22 | 2001-09-25 | Turf Stabilization Technologie | Surface for sports and other uses |
US5433759A (en) | 1994-01-05 | 1995-07-18 | Benson; William M. | Underground system for treating soil |
-
2002
- 2002-09-18 WO PCT/CA2002/001422 patent/WO2003025288A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-09-18 MX MXPA04002630A patent/MXPA04002630A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-09-18 CA CA 2460523 patent/CA2460523A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-09-18 KR KR10-2004-7003966A patent/KR20040047838A/en active Search and Examination
- 2002-09-18 AU AU2002328220A patent/AU2002328220B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-09-18 RU RU2004111985A patent/RU2293815C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-09-18 CN CNB028185544A patent/CN100436715C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-18 JP JP2003528903A patent/JP2005513305A/en active Pending
- 2002-09-18 EP EP02762179A patent/EP1427889A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-09-19 US US10/246,546 patent/US6689447B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-03-19 NO NO20041136A patent/NO325553B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-07-16 JP JP2008184753A patent/JP2009002149A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4462184A (en) | 1979-05-18 | 1984-07-31 | Cunningham Percy C | System for improving synthetic surfaces |
FR2514046A1 (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1983-04-08 | Sarti | Surface for carrying vegetation - comprises netting on which vegetation is grown and transported with passages for fluid and heating elements |
US5046308A (en) | 1987-09-25 | 1991-09-10 | Roberto Longobardi | Exhaust system for internal combustion engines provided with a device for housing filters designed to trap solid particles and unburned hydrocarbons entrained in exhaust gases |
US5120158A (en) | 1989-06-16 | 1992-06-09 | Aarne Husu | Apparatus and method for heating a playfield |
JPH07317011A (en) * | 1991-03-20 | 1995-12-05 | Tokutaro Komuro | Snow melting artificial turf |
JPH09203007A (en) * | 1995-11-21 | 1997-08-05 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | Pavement structure |
CA2218314A1 (en) | 1997-03-10 | 1998-09-10 | Fieldturf Holdings Inc. | Synthetic turf |
US5958527A (en) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-28 | Fieldturf Holdings, Inc. | Process of laying synthetic grass |
WO2002075053A1 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-26 | Gary Wayne Waterford | Synthetic sports surface |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 04 30 April 1996 (1996-04-30) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1997, no. 12 25 December 1997 (1997-12-25) * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2898771A1 (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-09-28 | Hydatec Sarl | Ground e.g. foot ball ground, dampening device, has protective structure inserted within self-leveling layer, fitted with stand destined to be inserted within layer, and fitted with removable upper cover covered by chimney |
EP2135497A1 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2009-12-23 | Sydvac | Apparatus and method for handling an artificial turf arranged on a base |
US8388764B2 (en) | 2008-06-19 | 2013-03-05 | Sydvac | Apparatus and method for handling an artificial turf arranged on a base |
WO2010062549A2 (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2010-06-03 | Ronald Wise | Substrate for artificial turf |
WO2010062549A3 (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2010-08-12 | Ronald Wise | Substrate for artificial turf |
US7993729B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2011-08-09 | Ronald Wise | Substrate for artificial turf |
EP3385449A1 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2018-10-10 | Drivkraft, Andrén | Prefabricated rollable artificial grass surface and method of laying |
WO2018185002A1 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2018-10-11 | Drivkraft Andrén | Prefabricated rollable artificial grass surface and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1556886A (en) | 2004-12-22 |
CN100436715C (en) | 2008-11-26 |
US20030056432A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
KR20040047838A (en) | 2004-06-05 |
RU2293815C2 (en) | 2007-02-20 |
CA2460523A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
RU2004111985A (en) | 2005-03-27 |
AU2002328220B2 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
JP2009002149A (en) | 2009-01-08 |
JP2005513305A (en) | 2005-05-12 |
US6689447B2 (en) | 2004-02-10 |
NO325553B1 (en) | 2008-06-16 |
MXPA04002630A (en) | 2005-02-17 |
NO20041136L (en) | 2004-05-12 |
EP1427889A1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6689447B2 (en) | Artificial surface with integrated thermal regulation for sports and other uses | |
AU2002328220A1 (en) | Artificial surface with integrated thermal regulation | |
US7153553B2 (en) | Synthetic turf having cooling layer | |
US5120158A (en) | Apparatus and method for heating a playfield | |
EP1007790B1 (en) | Amethod for stratified construction and heating a grass pitch, particularly a football ground, and a grass playing field built up in accordance with the method | |
EP3356602B1 (en) | Artificial turf system with forced airflow | |
CN100494599C (en) | Slope roofing lawn | |
JP2018531335A6 (en) | Artificial turf system with forced airflow | |
JP2014511151A (en) | Grass grid | |
RU2161670C1 (en) | Cultured lawn and method for its arrangement | |
WO2018185002A1 (en) | Prefabricated rollable artificial grass surface and method | |
JP3007939U (en) | Ski runway | |
KR100320595B1 (en) | Method and apparatus to prevent snow melting and to keep snow in artificial ski facility | |
JP2787545B2 (en) | Ski runway and method for forming ski runway | |
KR100333339B1 (en) | Management device of lawn playground | |
JP2019183493A (en) | Planting heating sheet and planting soil heating method | |
JPH09250116A (en) | Replacement method of snow-bed for artificial skiing ground and device thereof | |
JPH04312602A (en) | Formation of artificial snow layer |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MN MW MX MZ NO NZ OM PH PL PT RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TN TR TZ UA UG UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC PT SE SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2460523 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2003528903 Country of ref document: JP Ref document number: 2002328220 Country of ref document: AU |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020047003966 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: PA/a/2004/002630 Country of ref document: MX |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 20028185544 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2002762179 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2002762179 Country of ref document: EP |