WO2003024131A1 - Systeme d'utilisation d'informations cellulaires pour la localisation d'un dispositif sans fil - Google Patents

Systeme d'utilisation d'informations cellulaires pour la localisation d'un dispositif sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003024131A1
WO2003024131A1 PCT/US2002/028823 US0228823W WO03024131A1 WO 2003024131 A1 WO2003024131 A1 WO 2003024131A1 US 0228823 W US0228823 W US 0228823W WO 03024131 A1 WO03024131 A1 WO 03024131A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wireless device
information
cell
positional
characteristic information
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/028823
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003024131A8 (fr
Inventor
Ashutosh Pande
Lionel Jacques Garin
Original Assignee
Sirf Technology, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sirf Technology, Inc. filed Critical Sirf Technology, Inc.
Priority to EP02770497A priority Critical patent/EP1437014B1/fr
Priority to DE60229870T priority patent/DE60229870D1/de
Priority to US10/489,225 priority patent/US7672675B2/en
Publication of WO2003024131A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003024131A1/fr
Publication of WO2003024131A8 publication Critical patent/WO2003024131A8/fr
Priority to US11/645,114 priority patent/US8165607B2/en
Priority to US12/704,568 priority patent/US8000723B2/en
Priority to US13/112,807 priority patent/US8103289B2/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/24—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system
    • G01S19/25—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system involving aiding data received from a cooperating element, e.g. assisted GPS
    • G01S19/256—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system involving aiding data received from a cooperating element, e.g. assisted GPS relating to timing, e.g. time of week, code phase, timing offset
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/03—Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers
    • G01S19/05—Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers providing aiding data
    • G01S19/06—Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers providing aiding data employing an initial estimate of the location of the receiver as aiding data or in generating aiding data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/24—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system
    • G01S19/25—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system involving aiding data received from a cooperating element, e.g. assisted GPS
    • G01S19/252—Employing an initial estimate of location in generating assistance data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0252—Radio frequency fingerprinting
    • G01S5/02521—Radio frequency fingerprinting using a radio-map
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2250/00—Details of telephonic subscriber devices
    • H04M2250/10—Details of telephonic subscriber devices including a GPS signal receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to Satellite Positioning Systems ("SPS") devices, and in particular to a wireless cellular device capable of utilizing cell information with the SPS derived data to locate a wireless cellular device.
  • SPS Satellite Positioning Systems
  • wireless devices such as two-way radios, portable televisions, personal communication system (“PCS”), personal digital assistants (“PDAs”) cellular telephones (also known a “mobile phones”), Bluetooth, satellite radio receivers and Satellite Positioning Systems (“SPS”) such as Global Positioning Systems (“GPS”), also known as NAVSTAR, is growing at a rapid pace.
  • PCS personal communication system
  • PDAs personal digital assistants
  • SPS Satellite Positioning Systems
  • GPS Global Positioning Systems
  • NAVSTAR Global Positioning Systems
  • the 911 reception center When a 911 call is placed from a land-line telephone, the 911 reception center receives the call and determines the origin of the call. In case the caller fails, or forgets, to identify his or her location, the 911 reception center is able to obtain the location from which the call was made from the land-line telephone switching network and send emergency personnel to the location of the call.
  • an E91 1 call is placed from a wireless device such as a cellular telephone
  • the E91 1 reception center receives the call but cannot determine the origin of the call. If the caller fails, or forgets, to identify his or her location, the E911 reception center is unable to obtain the location of the call because the mobile switching network is different than the land-line telephone switching network.
  • the best that the E911 reception center may possibly do is determine the location of the basestation corresponding to the cell from which the call was placed.
  • typical cells in a cellular network system may cover an area with approximately a 30 mile diameter.
  • SPS data that is supplied to the mobile telephone may be utilized by the mobile telephone user for directions, location of other locations that the mobile telephone user is attempting to locate, determination of relative location of the mobile telephone user to other landmarks, directions for the mobile telephone user via internet maps or other SPS mapping techniques, etc
  • Such data may be of utilized for other application in addition to the E911 service, and would be very useful for cellular and PCS subscribers
  • a proposed solution to this problem has been to utilize a wireless positioning system that includes satellites and/or pseudolites (such as basestations) to triangulate the position of a wireless device such as a cellular telephone.
  • GPS is an example of a SPS that may be utilized by a wireless device in combination with an appropriate GPS receiver to pinpoint the location of the wireless device on earth.
  • the array of GPS satellites transmits highly accurate, time coded information that permits a receiver to calculate its exact location in terms of latitude and longitude on earth as well as the altitude above sea level.
  • the GPS system is designed to provide a base navigation system with accuracy to within 100 meters for non-military use and greater precision for the military (with Selective Availability ON).
  • the space segment of the GPS system is a constellation of satellites orbiting above the earth that contain transmitters, which send highly accurate timing information to GPS receivers on earth.
  • the fully implemented GPS system consists of 21 main operational satellites plus three active spare satellites. These satellites are arranged in six orbits, each orbit containing three or four satellites. The orbital planes form a 55° angle with the equator. The satellites orbit at a height of 10,898 nautical miles (20,200 kilometers) above earth with orbital periods for each satellite of approximately 12 hours.
  • Each of the orbiting satellites contains four highly accurate atomic clocks. These provide precision timing pulses used to generate a unique binaiy code (also known as a pseudo random or pseudo noise "PN" code) that is transmitted to earth.
  • the PN code identifies the specific satellite in the constellation.
  • the satellite also transmits a set of digitally coded ephemeris data that completely defines the precise orbit of the satellite.
  • the ephemeris data indicates where the satellite is at any given time, and its location may be specified in terms of the satellite ground track in precise latitude and longitude measurements.
  • the information in the ephemeris data is coded and transmitted from the satellite providing an accurate indication of the exact position of the satellite above the earth at any given time.
  • a ground control station updates the ephemeris data of the satellite once per day to ensure accuracy.
  • a GPS receiver configured in a wireless device is designed to pick up signals from three, four, or more satellites simultaneously.
  • the GPS receiver decodes the information and, utilizing the time and ephemeris data, calculates the approximate position of the wireless device.
  • the GPS receiver contains a floating-point processor that performs the necessary calculations and may output a decimal display of latitude and longitude as well as altitude on the handset. Readings from three satellites are necessary for latitude and longitude information. A fourth satellite reading is required in order to compute altitude.
  • a SPS system within the wireless device should have the capability to acquire and track the SPS satellites under the conditions that the typical user of a wireless device will encounter. Some of these conditions include utilization of the wireless device indoors and in dense urban areas that have a limited sky view, such as in downtown areas with skyscrapers blocking the views of the normally available satellites, etc. While these environments are typically manageable for terrestrial-based wireless communications systems, they are difficult environments for a SPS system to operate.
  • TTFF Time To First Fix
  • the system may include a basestation located within the cell, the basestation transmitting a broadcast signal to the wireless device, a cellular measurement unit located in the wireless device, the cellular measurement unit capable of measuring characteristic information of the cell, and a database containing positional assistance information corresponding to the characteristic information.
  • the system may also include a processing unit in signal communication with the basestation and the database, the processing unit capable obtaining position assistance information from the database in response to the basestation receiving the characteristic information from the wireless device, and a positional determination unit in the wireless device, the positional determination unit capable of determining the position of the wireless device based on the utilization of the satellite position system and the positional assistance information.
  • the method preformed by the system may include transmitting to the wireless device a cellular identification of the cell, or a plurality of cells, and receiving characteristic information of the cell, or plurality of cells, from the wireless device. Additionally, the method may include obtaining positional assistance information from a database, the positional assistance information corresponding to the received characteristic information and transmitting the positional assistance information to the wireless device.
  • FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of three cell sites within a cluster of cells of a cellular telephone network.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example implementation of a mobile unit location system ("MULS”) in accordance with the invention.
  • MULS mobile unit location system
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a simplified example implementation of the MULS of FIG. 2 in a typical cellular telephone environment.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example process performed by the implementation of the MULS in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a signal flow diagram of the example process described in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is graphical representation of an example cell site having a ideal circular footprint coverage pattern.
  • FIG. 7 is graphical representation of an example cell site having a non-ideal circular footprint coverage pattern located between a pair of obstructions.
  • FIG. 8 is graphical representation of an example cell site having a non-ideal circular footprint coverage pattern located an example highway.
  • FIG. 9 is graphical representation of an example cell site having a non-ideal circular footprint coverage pattern located an example highway that is varying in altitude.
  • FIG. 10 is graphical representation of the example variation of signal power as a function of radial distance from the centroid of an example cell site.
  • FIG. 11 is a graphical representation of four cell sites within a cluster of cells of a cellular telephone network communicating to an example wireless device.
  • a system that utilizes the measured characteristics of a cell site and cellular identification to selectively provide approximate location of a wireless device as well as provide a wireless device with location aiding from a cellular network server.
  • the system sends the positional information of a wireless device that is tagged with the cellular identification information to a database.
  • the database relates the positional information of wireless device with the cellular identification information and then the database is typically only tapped for information when another wireless device only transmits the cellular identification.
  • the database may be updated with positional and cellular identification information to cover areas where the wireless device might 'roam' into another service provider's network and not have access to the database of the new service provider.
  • the home network has a database that is developed over time by storing location data received from its customers, the database will be able to provide approximate location of a wireless device as well as provide location aid information to wireless device even when in roam mode. Additionally, the service provider may be able to create a database of their service area in order to model the real world coverage layout of their network, identify dead zones and enhance their coverage area.
  • each cell 100, 102 and 104 in a cellular telephone network (known as the "cellular network") are shown. Consistent with convention, each cell 100, 102 and 104 is shown having a hexagonal cell boundary. Within each cell 100, 102 and 104 are basestations 106, 108 and 110 that are located near the center and/or centroid of the corresponding cell 100, 102 and 104. Specifically, the basestation 106 is located within cell 100, basestation 108 is located within cell 102 aijd basestation 110 is located within cell 104.
  • the boundaries 112, 114 and 116 separating the cells 100, 102 and 104 generally represent the points where handoff occurs between the cells.
  • a wireless device 118 also known as a "mobile unit”
  • the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (“S/I+N”) from the basestation 106 will drop below a predetermined threshold level past the boundary 112 while, at the same time, the S/I+N from the second basestation 108 increases above this predetermined threshold as the wireless device 118 crosses the boundary 112 into cell 108.
  • Cellular systems are designed to provide coverage from each basestation up until the cell boundary.
  • wireless devices are designed to receive signals from various base stations and capable of initiating a handoff if the signal level of one station is stronger than the one currently being used for communication. This is part of the Mobile Assisted Hand Over (MAHO) function in a mobile device.
  • MAHO Mobile Assisted Hand Over
  • Each cell 100, 102 and 104 basestation 106, 108 and 110 is in signal communication with a cellular network server 120, via signal paths 122, 124 and 126, respectively.
  • the cellular network server 120 is generally a switching network server that may include telecommunication switches (not shown) and a central office (not shown).
  • the cellular network server 120 controls the operation of the basestations 106, 108 and 110 and may assign individual cellular identification values to the basestations 106, 108 and 1 10 corresponding to the identification values for cells 100, 102 and 104.
  • identification values may then be transmitted via a two-way channel or a broadcast channel to individual wireless devices (such as wireless device 118) located in the cellular network and utilized for identifying the location of the wireless device 118 relative to a specific cell.
  • wireless devices such as wireless device 118
  • basestation 106 broadcasts a cellular identification value (also known as a "cellular tag") for cell 1,00
  • wireless device 118 would receive the broadcast signal and respond to basestation 106 identifying itself as wireless device 118 located within the coverage area of cell 100.
  • This identification may take place at any time when the wireless device 118 and basestation 106 are communicating such as in the initial cellular handshake procedure or at a later time. Utilizing this approach, the cellular identification values may be utilized as approximate location aids for the wireless device 118.
  • wireless device 118 would receive the broadcast signals. These signals are sent through the basestation 106 (through which it is communicating) identifying itself as wireless device 118 located within the coverage area of cell 100, also receiving cells 102 and 104. This identification may take place at any time when the wireless device 118 and basestation 106 are communicating such as in the initial cellular handshake procedure or at a later time. These cellular identification values are stored in a database and later utilized as approximate location aids for the wireless device 118. In FIG.
  • the MULS 200 may include a mobile unit (i.e., a wireless device) 204 and cellular network server 206.
  • the cellular network server 206 may include a basestation 208, central office 210, SPS Continuous reference network 212, database 214 and end user 216.
  • the basestation 208 may also be optionally independent of the cellular network server 206.
  • the central office 210 is in signal communication with the basestation 208, SPS continuous reference network 212, database 214 and end user 216 via signal paths 218, 220, 222 and 224, respectively.
  • the SPS continuous reference network 212 may be optionally in signal communication with the database 214 via optional signal path 226.
  • the basestation 208 is a fixed device such as a cellular tower and the associated equipment that the mobile unit 204 communicates to in order to communicate to a landline telephone network (whether private or public) such as the plain old telephone service ("POTS").
  • POTS plain old telephone service
  • the central office 210 also Icnown as a "public exchange" is generally a facility where lines of a subscriber are joined to switching equipment for connecting with other subscribers whether locally or long distance.
  • the SPS continuous reference network 212 is a fixed device and the associated equipment to receive SPS signals from the SPS constellation 202 via signal path 225.
  • the database 214 is a database located in a memory unit (not shown) that stores location information of the mobile unit 204 with the associated characteristic information of a cell including the cellular identification of the cell.
  • the end user 216 may be any end user such as a program, application, utility, subsystem or actual individual that desires the location information of the mobile unit 204 including a user of the mobile unit.
  • the mobile unit 204 may include a SPS receiver 226 and a cellular transceiver 228.
  • the SPS receiver 226 receives SPS signal from the SPS constellation 202 via signal path 230 and the cellular transceiver 228 is in signal communication with the basestation 208 via signal path 232.
  • Examples of the SPS receiver 226 include SiRFstai , SiRFstai l and SiRFstarlll GPS receiver produced by SiRF Technology, Inc. of San Jose, California, GPSOne GPS receiver produced by Qualcomm Incorporated of San Diego, California, or any other GPS receiver capable of operation within the mobile unit 204.
  • the cellular transceiver 228 may be any radio frequency ("RF"), Amps, FDMA, TDMA, GSM, CDMA, W-CDMA, CDMA-2000 or UMTS type transceiver.
  • RF radio frequency
  • Amps FDMA
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • W-CDMA Code Division Multiple Access-2000
  • UMTS UMTS type transceiver.
  • FIG. 3 a block diagram illustrating a simplified example implementation of the MULS 300 in a typical cellular telephone environment is shown.
  • the MULS 300 includes a mobile unit 302, a basestation 304, central office 306, SPS continuous reference network 308, database 310 and end user 312.
  • the mobile unit 302 may include a SPS client 314 such as a SiRFLoc client and a call processing modem 316 such as a RE, Amps, FDMA, TDMA, GSM, CDMA, W-CDMA, CDMA-2000 or UMTS type transceiver.
  • the basestation 304 includes the fixed device such as radio tower 318 and the associated infrastructure 320.
  • the central office 306 includes a SPS server 322 such as SiRFLoc server and a main server 324. As an example this could be the Serving Mobile Location Center(SMLC)/Global Mobile Location Center(GMLC) as defined in the wireless location standard for GSM.
  • the main server 324 is the main switching components and electronics of the central office 306.
  • the SPS continuous reference network 308 includes a SPS reference receiver 326 and a SPS data center 328. The SPS continuous reference network 308 and the mobile unit 302 both receive SPS signals from the SPS constellation 330.
  • the SPS continuous reference network 308 collects data, from the SPS constellation 330 in the system coverage area, in real-time and stores collected data locally in a memory unit (not shown) within the SPS continuous reference network 308. Based on the coverage area, multiple reference receivers 326 may be used in the system.
  • the SPS server 322 polls, via signal path 332, the data from the SPS continuous reference network 308 related to the SPS client 314, and caches it in its internal memory unit (not shown) in the SPS server 323, so that it may be reused for another SPS client (not shown) without polling it again if it is relevant to subsequent SPS clients (not shown).
  • This information is then transmitted to the SPS client 314 via signal path 334, which is the signal path through the central office 306, basestation 304 and call processing modem 316.
  • the combining of cellular identification information with the mobile unit 302 location may take place either within the SPS subsystem (i.e., the SPS client) 314 or within the call processing modem 316 or even in the SPS server 322.
  • the cellular identification information is transferred from the call processing modem 316 to the SPS client 314 and tagged to the computed position (i.e., latitude, longitude and altitude data).
  • the location from the SPS client 314 is sent to the call processing modem 316 where it is tagged to the cellular identification information. This tagged data is then sent as a message, over the wireless network, to database 310 were it is stored.
  • the location from the SPS client 314 and the cellular identification information are received as different messages from the same SPS client 314 during the same geolocation session, and associated together at the SPS server 322
  • the MULS 300 allows the mobile unit 302 be more accurately and quickly located by providing additional surrounding information (i.e., an approximate location aid) from the database 310.
  • an approximate location aid i.e., a SPS receiver may be jump-started to provide position information for the mobile unit 302 in an acceptable timeframe. Knowing the approximate location of the mobile unit 302 also helps the mobile unit 302 expedite its location calculations.
  • the mobile unit When a mobile unit wants acquisition assistance from the cellular network server, specifically from a roaming network, the mobile unit receives the cellular identification from the network and sends this cellular identification to the mobile unit's home network. A query is then made in the database for the received cellular identification and (assuming the data is in the database) the approximate location coordinates for the mobile unit is sent back as a response.
  • the approximate location coordinates are derived based on statistical processing of the location data (i.e., latitude, longitude, altitude) in the database developed over multiple sessions from a plurality of mobile units. This information is utilized to generate the location aid as well as other aiding packets (such as ephemeris etc.).
  • FIG. 4 a flowchart illustrating the example process performed by MULS 300 of FIG. 3 is shown.
  • the process begins 400, with the basestation or a plurality of base stations transmitting a signal that includes the cellular identification information of the cell the mobile unit is in step 402.
  • the mobile unit receives the signal from the basestation and determines the characteristic information of the cell or cells in step 404.
  • the characteristic information may include the signal strength, bit error rate ("BER"), propagation delay and/or the multi-path of the signals transmitted by the basestation to the mobile unit as measured by the mobile unit at the position of the mobile unit within the cell.
  • the characteristic information may also include the number of fingers in a rake receiver and their relative delays and phases.
  • the mobile unit may, instead, determine the characteristic information of the cell first and then receive the signal from the basestation.
  • step 406 the process in step 406 continues to step 408.
  • step 408 the mobile unit transmits to the basestation the characteristic information of the cell(s) along with its determined position attached to the received cellular identification information. If the database, located at the cellular network server, containing a library of characteristic information, cellular identification information and mobile unit position (i.e., position data) is empty of measurement values 410, the central office loads the received values of the characteristic information, cellular identification information and the position data into the database in step 412. If the mobile unit stops operating and does not transmit 414 any more information to the basestation the process ends 416. If, instead, the mobile unit or another mobile unit (independent of the first mobile unit) continues to operate the process repeats in step 404. It is appreciated that the basestation(s) may continuously transmit the broadcast signal including the cellular identification information.
  • the central office updates and adds the additional characteristic information, cellular identification information and positional data from the mobile unit to the database in step 418. Again, if the mobile unit stops operating and does not transmit 414 any more information to the basestation the process ends 416. If, instead, the mobile unit or another mobile unit (independent of the first mobile unit) continues to operate the process may repeat in step 404.
  • step 406 continues to step 420.
  • step 420 the MULS determines if the mobile unit needs assistance from the cellular network server to determine its position. If the mobile unit does not need assistance the mobile unit is instructed to determine its position with its SPS receiver in step 422 and the process continues through steps 408, 410, 412, 418, 414, 416 and 404. If the mobile unit does need assistance from the cellular network server in step
  • the mobile unit transmits to the central office (through the basestation) the characteristic information and cellular identification without any positional data in step 424.
  • the central office sends a query to the database that includes the characteristic information and cellular identification and in response receives from the database an estimate of the position of the mobile unit that corresponds to the characteristic information and cellular identification in step 426.
  • This estimate of position may be referred to as "positional assistance information.”
  • the positional assistance information is then transmitted to the mobile unit in step 428 and the mobile unit utilizes the received positional information to assist in its SPS processing.
  • the mobile unit determines its position in step 430 and transmits its position with the measured characteristic information and cellular identification information in step 432.
  • the central office then receives the information from the mobile unit in step 434 and in response updates the database with the position of the mobile unit and the measured characteristic information and cellular information that corresponds to the position. Again, if the mobile unit stops operating and does not transmit 414 any more information to the basestation the process ends 416. If, instead, the mobile unit or another mobile unit (independent of the first mobile unit) continues to operate the process may repeat in step 404.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating the example process described in FIG. 4.
  • the basestation or basestations 502 transmits a signal 504 containing the cell identification information to mobile unit 506.
  • the mobile unit 506 first measures the characteristic information of the cell and determines its position with a SPS receiver and then transmits 508 the cellular identification information, characteristic information and its position to the central office 510 via the one of basestations 502.
  • the central office 510 then initializes (i.e., creates) 512 the database 514.
  • a subsequent session 516 that may either involve the original mobile unit of the first session 500 or a second mobile unit, the basestations 502 transmits a signal 518 containing the cell identification information to mobile unit 506.
  • the mobile unit 506 first measures the characteristic information of the cell(s) and determines its position with a SPS receiver and then transmits 520 the cellular identification information, characteristic information and its position to the central office 510 via one of basestation 502.
  • the central office 510 then updates and adds 522 the new measured characteristic information, mobile unit 506 position and cellular identification information to the database 514.
  • the basestation 502 transmits a signal 526 containing the cell identification information to mobile unit 506.
  • the mobile unit 506 first measures the characteristic information of the cell and attempts to determine its position with a SPS receiver but fails to determine its position because the mobile unit 506 is located within a dense environment.
  • the mobile unit 506 transmits 528 the cellular identification information and characteristic information of the cell but not its position to the central office 510 via the basestation 502.
  • the central office 510 queries 530 the database 514 with the measured characteristic information and cellular identification information.
  • the database responds 532 to the central office with positional assistance information that includes the estimated positional value from the database that corresponds the values of the measured characteristic information and cellular identification information.
  • the central office 510 sends 534 the positional assistance information to the mobile unit 506 and the mobile unit 506 utilizes the received positional assistance information to obtain its position with the SPS receiver and may again measure the characteristic information of the cell.
  • the mobile unit 506 then transmits 536 the cellular identification information, characteristic information and its position to the central office 510 via the basestation 502.
  • the central office 510 then updates and adds 538 the new measured characteristic information, mobile unit 506 position and cellular identification information to the database 514.
  • FIG. 6 a graphical representation of an example cell site 600 having an ideal circular footprint coverage pattern is shown. This type of pattern is typically achieved in open unobstructed areas.
  • the cell site 600 has a basestation 602 located at either the center or centroid of the pattern and the cell site 600 may be divided into numerous cell site sectors such as 604, 606, 608, 610, 612, 614, 616 and 618. It is appreciated by those skilled in the art that in some cellular networks the cellular identification information may include data to the individual cell site sectors. As a result, a mobile unit 620 may be identified as being in cell site sector 612 within cell 600. Similarly, FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is graphical representation of an example cell site 700 with a basestation 702 having a non-ideal circular footprint coverage pattern located between a pair of obstructions 704 and 706.
  • the obstructions 704 and 706 may be mountains, hills, building or other similar obstructions and the cell site 700 may be divided into numerous cell site sectors such as 708, 710, 712, 714, 716, 718, 720 and 722. Similar to FIG. 6, a mobile unit 724 may be identified as being in cell site sector 722 within cell 700.
  • FIG. 8 is graphical representation of an example cell site 800 with a basestation 802 having a non-ideal circular footprint coverage pattern located an example highway 804.
  • FIG. 9 is graphical representation of an example cell site 900 with a basestation 902 having a non-ideal circular footprint coverage pattern located an example highway 904 that is varying in altitude 906.
  • the cell site 900 may be divided into two sectors 908 and 910. Therefore, the location of mobile unit 912 may be identified as being in cell site sector 908 within cell site 900 at an altitude 906 above a reference level 914.
  • the boundaries of the cell sites shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 6 through FIG. 9 are generally determined by where the handoff from one cell to another adjacent cell is defined. Additionally, the centroid of the cell site may be determined based on the boundaries defined by the handoff characteristics of the cells.
  • a centroid determination of a cell site may be made utilizing two arbitrary orthogonal axes that cross the cell site area such the East- West (“E-W") axis and the North-South (“N-S”) axis.
  • An example procedure for determining the centroid may include Draw a E-W line through one of the fixes inside the cell site (generally chosen at random) and setting the location of the fix as "zero" point for the linear coordinates along this E-W axis.
  • All fixes received in the cell site from all mobile units may then be projected onto the E-W axis using a N-S projection. This will provide a linear coordinate along the E-W axis for every fix.
  • a histogram may be created of all these linear coordinates of which the mode (or the mean) of the histogram is chosen along this axis.
  • a N-S line may be drawn crossing the initial E- W axis at the linear coordinate- of the mean or mode. The crossing point is the "zero" point of the linear coordinates on this second N-S axis. All fixes may then be projected inside the cell onto this new N-S axis. This will provide a linear coordinate along the N-S axis for every fix.
  • a histogram of all these linear coordinates along the N-S line may be created and the mode (or the mean) along this axis may be determined.
  • the centroid of the cell site would then be on the N-S axis at the linear coordinate corresponding to the mode (or the mean). It is appreciated that this example process makes no assumptions about the shape of the cell site, and takes into account that most of the calls from the mobile unit originate from inside the cell site. The process would be utilized in a recursive way (i.e., the database contains a normalized version of both histograms, and will be updated at every new fix) and it allows a progressive change in the location of the centroid if the usage pattern in the cell site evolves significantly.
  • altitude information may be extracted from multiple fixes, by computing the histogram of altitudes, determining the mode or mean as centroid ( most probable altitude in this cell), and determining the maximum and minimum of all altitudes within this cell.
  • FIG. 10 is graphical representation of the example plot 1000 of a curve 1002 representing signal power 1002 as a function of radial distance 1004 from the centroid 1006 of an example cell site.
  • the boundaries 1008 and 1010 are defined by the handoff characteristics of cell. It is appreciated with typical wireless devices such as cellular telephones, that while the wireless device is communicating with a particular basestation, it is also simultaneously listening to other basestations so as to enable functions like MAHO. As part of this operation, the wireless device is listening to other basestations and mapping their respective signal channel metrics (i.e., characteristics information of the cell or cells) such as signal level (“RSSI" or equivalent), bit error rate (“BER”), S/I+N, propagation delay and multi-path.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a graphical representation of four cell sites 1100, 1102, 1104 and 1106 with respective basestations 1108, 1110, 1112 and 1114 within a cluster of cells of a cellular telephone network communicating to mobile unit 1108.
  • the mobile unit 1108 is capable of tagging the measured characteristic information to the cellular identification and positional information and transmitting it to the central office in signal communication with the basestation the mobile unit 1108 is communicating to. This information is stored in a database at cellular network server.
  • the location of mobile unit 1108 may then be derived from any of the modes defined in U.S. Patent No. 6,389,291, entitle “Multi-mode Global Positioning System For Use With Wireless Networks,” issued to Ashutosh Pande et al. on May 14, 2002, and U.S. Patent No. 6,427,120, entitle “Information Transfer In A Multi-Mode Global Positioning System Used With Wireless Networks,” issued to Lionel Jacques Garin et al. on July 30, 2002, both of which are herein incorporated by reference.
  • the mobile unit 1108 sends a message, or messages, that includes some form of cellular identification with signal level or BER. This would allow the central office to tap the database and derive an approximate position of the mobile unit 1108 even in areas where SPS signals cannot be received but cellular signal are available from basestations such as in deep urban environments.
  • the mobile unit 1108 is continuously compensating for the propagation delay between the mobile unit 1108 and the basestation and then to the cellular network server.
  • the mobile unit 1108 is observing the round trip delay between a network entity (ex: location server) and mobile unit 1108.
  • location server a network entity
  • the mobile unit 1108 is capable of tagging the round trip delay to the cellular identification information of one or all the cell sites within listening range of the mobile unit 1108. This information is tagged with the location of the mobile unit 1108 and stored in a database to the cellular network server.
  • the location of mobile unit 1108 may be derived from any of the modes defined in U.S. Patent No.
  • the mobile unit 1108 In the case of utilizing multi-path information as characteristic information of the cell, while the mobile unit 1108 is communicating with a particular basestation, the mobile unit 1108 is detecting and correcting for multi-path on a dynamic basis. As part of this operation the mobile unit 1108 is listening to other basestations and utilizing a technology such as a RAKE receiver that identifies multi-path in the received signal. The multi-path information is then combined with the cellular identification information of one or all the cell sites within listening range of the mobile unit 1108. This information is tagged with the location of the mobile unit 1108 and stored in the database of the cellular network server. The location of mobile may be derived from any of the modes defined in U.S. Patent No. 6,389,291 and U.S. Patent No.
  • information on multi-path may help identify the environment where the mobile unit 1108 is operating (i.e., open sky, rural, sub-urban, urban, deep urban canyon etc.). This may help identify messages containing some form of information on Multi-path with BER and will allow central office to tap the database and derive approximate position of the mobile unit 1108. This will be helpful in providing location in areas where SPS signals cannot be received but cellular signals are available from multiple basestations such as deep urban environments.
  • the process in FIG. 4 may be performed by hardware or software.
  • the software may reside in software memory (not shown) in the mobile unit or cellular network server.
  • the software in software memory may include an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions (i.e., "logic” that may be implement either in digital form such as digital circuitry or source code or in analog form such as analog circuitry or an analog source such an analog electrical, sound or video signal), may selectively be embodied in any computer-readable (or signal- bearing) medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that may selectively fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions.
  • a "computer-readable medium” and/or “signal-bearing medium” is any means that may contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • the computer readable medium may selectively be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium.
  • a non-exhaustive list of the computer- readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection "electronic” having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic), a RAM (electronic), a read-only memory “ROM” (electronic), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) (electronic), an optical fiber (optical), and a portable compact disc read-only memory "CDROM” (optical).
  • the computer-readable medium may even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système qui utilise l'identification cellulaire ainsi que les caractéristiques mesurées d'une ou de plusieurs stations cellulaires (100, 102, 104) pour assurer sélectivement une assistance de localisation à un dispositif sans fil (118) via un serveur de réseau cellulaire (120). Ce système peut comprendre une station de base (106, 108, 110) située dans la station cellulaire, une unité de mesure cellulaire située dans le dispositif sans fil (118), et une base de données (214) contenant des informations d'assistance de localisation correspondant aux informations caractéristiques. De plus, ce système peut comprendre une unité de traitement en communication par signal avec la station de base et la base de données (214) et une unité de détermination de position dans le dispositif sans fil (118).
PCT/US2002/028823 2001-09-10 2002-09-10 Systeme d'utilisation d'informations cellulaires pour la localisation d'un dispositif sans fil WO2003024131A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02770497A EP1437014B1 (fr) 2001-09-10 2002-09-10 Systeme pour utiliser l'information d'une cellule pour localiser un equipement "sans-fil"
DE60229870T DE60229870D1 (de) 2001-09-10 2002-09-10 System zur benützung von zelleninformationen zum finden einer drahtlosen einrichtung
US10/489,225 US7672675B2 (en) 2001-09-10 2002-09-10 System of utilizing cell information to locate a wireless device
US11/645,114 US8165607B2 (en) 2001-09-10 2006-12-22 System and method for estimating cell center position for cell ID based positioning
US12/704,568 US8000723B2 (en) 2001-09-10 2010-02-12 System of utilizing cell information to locate a wireless device
US13/112,807 US8103289B2 (en) 2001-09-10 2011-05-20 System of utilizing cell information to locate a wireless device

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US31880601P 2001-09-10 2001-09-10
US60/318,806 2001-09-10

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US10489225 A-371-Of-International 2002-09-10
US11/645,114 Continuation-In-Part US8165607B2 (en) 2001-09-10 2006-12-22 System and method for estimating cell center position for cell ID based positioning
US12/704,568 Continuation US8000723B2 (en) 2001-09-10 2010-02-12 System of utilizing cell information to locate a wireless device

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EP1437014B1 (fr) 2008-11-12
US20100210285A1 (en) 2010-08-19
US20110223934A1 (en) 2011-09-15
EP1437014A4 (fr) 2006-03-22
EP1437014A2 (fr) 2004-07-14
US8103289B2 (en) 2012-01-24
US7672675B2 (en) 2010-03-02
DE60229870D1 (de) 2008-12-24
ATE414390T1 (de) 2008-11-15
US20040180670A1 (en) 2004-09-16
WO2003024131A8 (fr) 2003-08-21
US8000723B2 (en) 2011-08-16

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