WO2003021167A1 - Heat recovery cooling system - Google Patents

Heat recovery cooling system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003021167A1
WO2003021167A1 PCT/US2002/027826 US0227826W WO03021167A1 WO 2003021167 A1 WO2003021167 A1 WO 2003021167A1 US 0227826 W US0227826 W US 0227826W WO 03021167 A1 WO03021167 A1 WO 03021167A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coupled
chiller
absoφtion
supply
condenser refrigerant
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/027826
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Rumsy
Original Assignee
Sure Power Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sure Power Corporation filed Critical Sure Power Corporation
Publication of WO2003021167A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003021167A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2315/00—Sorption refrigeration cycles or details thereof
    • F25B2315/007—Parallel systems therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/06—Several compression cycles arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine

Definitions

  • the invention relates in general to power systems and in particular to a cooling system that recovers heat from power generators and uses the heat to provide cooling.
  • Power generation systems often produce heat as a by-product.
  • excess heat is detrimental to the electrical loads and thus, the heat generated is vented to the external environment. This venting of byproduct heat represents wasted energy.
  • An exemplary embodiment of the invention is a cooling system including a first absorption chiller and a second absorption chiller.
  • a first condenser refrigerant return is coupled to the first absorption chiller and a second condenser refrigerant return is coupled to the second abso ⁇ tion chiller.
  • a first condenser refrigerant supply is coupled to the first abso ⁇ tion chiller and a second condenser refrigerant supply is coupled to the second abso ⁇ tion chiller.
  • a first cooling assembly is coupled to the first condenser refrigerant return a second cooling assembly is coupled to the second condenser refrigerant return.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a cooling system in an embodiment of the invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a cooling system 100 in an embodiment of the invention.
  • the cooling system 100 is designed to utilize heat from a power generator 102 and provide cooling as described in further detail herein.
  • the power generator may be any known type of power generator such as a fuel cell, micro-turbine, turbine, reciprocating engine and other types of power sources, and combinations of different types of power sources. Excess or by-product heat energy from the power generator 102 is transferred to abso ⁇ tion chillers 104 through one or more heat exchangers 106.
  • the abso ⁇ tion chillers 104 circulate a refrigerant (e.g., water) through a condenser to remove heat from a coolant (e.g., water) in another loop.
  • a condenser refrigerant supply 108 provides cooled refrigerant to the abso ⁇ tion chillers 104.
  • Two redundant condenser refrigerant supplies 108 are used to provide the cooled refrigerant to the abso ⁇ tion chillers 104.
  • the refrigerant is cooled by cooling assemblies 110A and HOB.
  • cooling assemblies 110A and HOB include a number of cooling towers, each receiving refrigerant from the condenser refrigerant returns 112 and supplying cooled refrigerant to the refrigerant pump assembly 114.
  • Each abso ⁇ tion chiller 104 is connected to two condenser refrigerant returns 112, which are connected to each other.
  • the refrigerant is circulated through the system by refrigerant pump assembly 114 including a plurality of redundant pumps 116 feeding a common condenser refrigerant supply header 118.
  • Multiple condenser refrigerant supplies 108 are coupled to the condenser refrigerant supply header 118.
  • Each abso ⁇ tion chiller 104 is connected to two condenser refrigerant supplies 108, which are connected to each other.
  • the condenser refrigerant supply header 118 includes valves to isolate refrigerant flowing from cooling assemblies 110A and 11 OB so that refrigerant flowing to and from these cooling assemblies can be isolated from each other in two separate loops. Redundant refrigerant make-up feeds 111 provide additional refrigerant to the cooling assemblies to replace refrigerant lost during a cooling process (e.g., evaporated refrigerant).
  • the abso ⁇ tion chillers 104 utilize the refrigerant to cool a second loop of coolant (e.g., water). As shown in FIG. 1, each abso ⁇ tion chiller 104 receives coolant from a chilled coolant return 152, chills this coolant and feeds a chilled coolant supply 150.
  • the chilled coolant supply 150 is fed to a building cooling system that utilizes the chilled coolant as known in the art (e.g., air conditioning).
  • the chilled coolant return 152 returns coolant to the abso ⁇ tion chillers 104.
  • There are two chilled coolant returns 152 with each chilled coolant return 152 being connected to each abso ⁇ tion chiller.
  • the chilled coolant returns 152 are connected to each other.
  • the chilled coolant supplies 150 are connected to each other.
  • the chilled coolant supplies 150 are connected to a coolant pump assembly 156 including a header 158 and a number of pumps 160.
  • the coolant pump assembly 156 outputs two chilled coolant supplies 150' to a conventional cooling system (e.g., air conditioning system).
  • the coolant pump assembly 156 includes a number of valves 120 which may be closed to isolate a first chilled coolant supply from a second chilled coolant supply at coolant pump assembly 156.
  • additional chillers 190 may be coupled to the condenser refrigerant return 112, condenser refrigerant supply 108, chilled coolant return 152 and chilled coolant supply 150 in a manner similar to the abso ⁇ tion chillers 104.
  • FIG. 1 is exemplary and the number of components exemplary.
  • the number of condenser refrigerant supplies 108, condenser refrigerant returns 112, chilled coolant supplies 150 and chilled coolant returns 152 employed may be increased to provide additional redundancy. Additional abso ⁇ tion chillers may be employed to provide additional redundancy.
  • variable speed drive devices such as chillers 104, pumps 116, pumps 160 and cooling towers in the cooling assemblies 110 may employ variable speed drive devices to provide efficient and reliable partial load operation.
  • the partial load efficiencies allowed by the variable speed drive devices allow the redundant equipment to be operating at all times. This not only provides the added reliability of a 'spinning reserve,' but actually decreases the overall power consumption.
  • variable speed chillers are most efficient at 50% or lower loads, and the cooling towers are configured to run in parallel offering the cube law fan savings. For example, running two cooling towers at 50% fan speed uses about one quarter the power of a single tower at full speed.
  • the system 100 includes redundant piping for the condenser refrigerant return, condenser refrigerant supply, chilled coolant return and chilled coolant supply.
  • the redundant piping can be used to bypass the damaged equipment or piping and keep the system operating. Under normal operation, the redundant piping allows the system to operate at lower pressures. This allows the variable speed devices to operate efficiently by automatically taking advantage of the pressure drop and reducing pumping power, and thus operating costs, significantly.
  • Pumps 116 serve a common header 118 and pumps 160 serve common header
  • the condenser refrigerant return 112, condenser refrigerant supply 108, chilled coolant return 152 and chilled coolant supply 150 may be collocated in a central spine.
  • the spine provides for modularity allowing staged build-out of the cooling system 100. Further abso ⁇ tion chillers 104 or additional chillers 190 may be coupled to the spine as desired. This allows the cooling system 100 to be expanded to provide additional capacity or functionality (such as free cooling / water side economizer).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is a cooling system (100) including a first absorption chiller (104) and a second absorption chiller (104). A first condenser refrigerant return (112) is coupled to the first absorption chiller (104) and a second condenser refrigerant return (112) is coupled to the second absorption chiller (104). A first condenser refrigerant supply (108) is coupled to the first absorption chiller (104) and a second condenser refrigerant supply (108) is coupled to the second absorption chiller (104). A first cooling assembly (110A) is coupled to the first condenser refrigerant return (112) and a second cooling assembly (110B) is coupled to the second condenser refrigerant return (112).

Description

HEAT RECOVERY COOLING SYSTEM
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates in general to power systems and in particular to a cooling system that recovers heat from power generators and uses the heat to provide cooling. Power generation systems often produce heat as a by-product. In many applications, such as computer data centers, excess heat is detrimental to the electrical loads and thus, the heat generated is vented to the external environment. This venting of byproduct heat represents wasted energy.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An exemplary embodiment of the invention is a cooling system including a first absorption chiller and a second absorption chiller. A first condenser refrigerant return is coupled to the first absorption chiller and a second condenser refrigerant return is coupled to the second absoφtion chiller. A first condenser refrigerant supply is coupled to the first absoφtion chiller and a second condenser refrigerant supply is coupled to the second absoφtion chiller. A first cooling assembly is coupled to the first condenser refrigerant return a second cooling assembly is coupled to the second condenser refrigerant return.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring now to the drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several FIGURES:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a cooling system in an embodiment of the invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a cooling system 100 in an embodiment of the invention. The cooling system 100 is designed to utilize heat from a power generator 102 and provide cooling as described in further detail herein. The power generator may be any known type of power generator such as a fuel cell, micro-turbine, turbine, reciprocating engine and other types of power sources, and combinations of different types of power sources. Excess or by-product heat energy from the power generator 102 is transferred to absoφtion chillers 104 through one or more heat exchangers 106. As known in the absoφtion chiller field, the absoφtion chillers 104 circulate a refrigerant (e.g., water) through a condenser to remove heat from a coolant (e.g., water) in another loop. As shown in FIG. 1, a condenser refrigerant supply 108 provides cooled refrigerant to the absoφtion chillers 104. Two redundant condenser refrigerant supplies 108 are used to provide the cooled refrigerant to the absoφtion chillers 104. The refrigerant is cooled by cooling assemblies 110A and HOB. Through the chilling of the coolant, the refrigerant obtains heat and is supplied back to cooling assemblies 110A and HOB over redundant condenser refrigerant returns 112, which feed cooling assembly 110A and cooling assembly HOB. The cooling assemblies 110A and HOB include a number of cooling towers, each receiving refrigerant from the condenser refrigerant returns 112 and supplying cooled refrigerant to the refrigerant pump assembly 114. Each absoφtion chiller 104 is connected to two condenser refrigerant returns 112, which are connected to each other.
The refrigerant is circulated through the system by refrigerant pump assembly 114 including a plurality of redundant pumps 116 feeding a common condenser refrigerant supply header 118. Multiple condenser refrigerant supplies 108 are coupled to the condenser refrigerant supply header 118. Each absoφtion chiller 104 is connected to two condenser refrigerant supplies 108, which are connected to each other.
The refrigerant pump assembly 114, the condenser refrigerant supplies 108 and the condenser refrigerant returns 112 all include a number of valves 120 that allow for isolating portions of the condenser refrigerant supply 108 and the condenser refrigerant return 112. This allows refrigerant to be re-routed in the event of a pipe failure or for scheduled maintenance. The condenser refrigerant supply header 118 includes valves to isolate refrigerant flowing from cooling assemblies 110A and 11 OB so that refrigerant flowing to and from these cooling assemblies can be isolated from each other in two separate loops. Redundant refrigerant make-up feeds 111 provide additional refrigerant to the cooling assemblies to replace refrigerant lost during a cooling process (e.g., evaporated refrigerant).
The absoφtion chillers 104 utilize the refrigerant to cool a second loop of coolant (e.g., water). As shown in FIG. 1, each absoφtion chiller 104 receives coolant from a chilled coolant return 152, chills this coolant and feeds a chilled coolant supply 150. The chilled coolant supply 150 is fed to a building cooling system that utilizes the chilled coolant as known in the art (e.g., air conditioning). The chilled coolant return 152 returns coolant to the absoφtion chillers 104. There are two chilled coolant returns 152, with each chilled coolant return 152 being connected to each absoφtion chiller. The chilled coolant returns 152 are connected to each other.
There are two chilled coolant supplies 150 with each with each chilled coolant supply 150 being connected to each absoφtion chiller 104. The chilled coolant supplies 150 are connected to each other. The chilled coolant supplies 150 are connected to a coolant pump assembly 156 including a header 158 and a number of pumps 160. The coolant pump assembly 156 outputs two chilled coolant supplies 150' to a conventional cooling system (e.g., air conditioning system). The coolant pump assembly 156 includes a number of valves 120 which may be closed to isolate a first chilled coolant supply from a second chilled coolant supply at coolant pump assembly 156.
If the absoφtion chillers 104 cannot support the cooling load, additional chillers 190 (e.g., electrically powered, high efficiency centrifugal chillers) may be coupled to the condenser refrigerant return 112, condenser refrigerant supply 108, chilled coolant return 152 and chilled coolant supply 150 in a manner similar to the absoφtion chillers 104.
It is understood that the system of FIG. 1 is exemplary and the number of components exemplary. The number of condenser refrigerant supplies 108, condenser refrigerant returns 112, chilled coolant supplies 150 and chilled coolant returns 152 employed may be increased to provide additional redundancy. Additional absoφtion chillers may be employed to provide additional redundancy.
Devices such as chillers 104, pumps 116, pumps 160 and cooling towers in the cooling assemblies 110 may employ variable speed drive devices to provide efficient and reliable partial load operation. The partial load efficiencies allowed by the variable speed drive devices allow the redundant equipment to be operating at all times. This not only provides the added reliability of a 'spinning reserve,' but actually decreases the overall power consumption. For example, variable speed chillers are most efficient at 50% or lower loads, and the cooling towers are configured to run in parallel offering the cube law fan savings. For example, running two cooling towers at 50% fan speed uses about one quarter the power of a single tower at full speed.
As described above, the system 100 includes redundant piping for the condenser refrigerant return, condenser refrigerant supply, chilled coolant return and chilled coolant supply. The redundant piping can be used to bypass the damaged equipment or piping and keep the system operating. Under normal operation, the redundant piping allows the system to operate at lower pressures. This allows the variable speed devices to operate efficiently by automatically taking advantage of the pressure drop and reducing pumping power, and thus operating costs, significantly. Pumps 116 serve a common header 118 and pumps 160 serve common header
158, so a single pump failure will not cause a system failure. The condenser refrigerant return 112, condenser refrigerant supply 108, chilled coolant return 152 and chilled coolant supply 150 may be collocated in a central spine. The spine provides for modularity allowing staged build-out of the cooling system 100. Further absoφtion chillers 104 or additional chillers 190 may be coupled to the spine as desired. This allows the cooling system 100 to be expanded to provide additional capacity or functionality (such as free cooling / water side economizer).
While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, various modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustration and not limitation.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:
1. A cooling system comprising: a first absoφtion chiller and a second absoφtion chiller; a first condenser refrigerant return coupled to said first absoφtion chiller; a second condenser refrigerant return coupled to said second absoφtion chiller; a first condenser refiigerant supply coupled to said first absoφtion chiller; a second condenser refrigerant supply coupled to said second absoφtion chiller; a first cooling assembly coupled to said first condenser refiigerant return; and a second cooling assembly coupled to said second condenser refrigerant return.
2. The cooling system of claim 1 wherein: said first condenser refrigerant return is coupled to said second condenser refrigerant return.
3. The cooling system of claim 1 wherein: said first condenser refrigerant supply is coupled to said second condenser refrigerant supply.
4. The cooling system of claim 1 wherein: said first cooling assembly includes a plurality of first cooling towers receiving refrigerant from said first condenser refrigerant return.
5. The cooling system of claim 4 wherein: said second cooling assembly includes a plurality of second cooling towers receiving refrigerant from said second condenser refrigerant return.
6. The cooling system of claim 1 further comprising: a pump assembly including a plurality of pumps in fluid communication with said first condenser refrigerant supply and said second condenser refrigerant supply.
7. The cooling system of claim 6 wherein: said pump assembly includes a condenser refrigerant supply header including at least one valve for isolating said first condenser refrigerant supply from said second condenser refrigerant supply at said pump assembly.
8. The cooling system of claim 1 further comprising: a first chilled coolant return coupled to said first absoφtion chiller; a second chilled coolant return coupled to said second absoφtion chiller; a first chilled coolant supply coupled to said first absoφtion chiller; and a second chilled coolant supply coupled to said second absoφtion chiller.
9. The cooling system of claim 8 wherein: said first chilled coolant return is coupled to said second chilled coolant return.
10. The cooling system of claim 8 wherein: said first chilled coolant supply is coupled to said second chilled coolant supply.
11. The cooling system of claim 8 further comprising: a coolant pump assembly including a plurality of pumps in fluid communication with said first chilled coolant supply and said second chilled coolant supply.
12. The cooling system of claim 11 wherein: said coolant pump assembly includes a chilled coolant supply header including at least one valve for isolating said first chilled coolant supply from said second chilled coolant supply at said coolant pump assembly.
13. The cooling system of claim 1 further comprising: a first additional chiller and a second additional chiller; said first condenser refrigerant return coupled to said first additional chiller; said second condenser refrigerant return coupled to said second additional chiller; said first condenser refrigerant supply coupled to said first additional chiller; and said second condenser refrigerant supply coupled to said second additional chiller.
14. A cooling system comprising: a first absoφtion chiller and a second absoφtion chiller; a first condenser refrigerant return coupled to said first absoφtion chiller; a second condenser refrigerant return coupled to said second absoφtion chiller and to said first condenser refrigerant return; a first condenser refiigerant supply coupled to said first absoφtion chiller; a second condenser refiigerant supply coupled to said second absoφtion chiller and to said first condenser refiigerant supply; a first cooling assembly coupled to said first condenser refrigerant return; a second cooling assembly coupled to said second condenser refrigerant return; a first chilled coolant return coupled to said first absoφtion chiller; a second chilled coolant return coupled to said second absoφtion chiller and to said first chilled coolant return; a first chilled coolant supply coupled to said first absoφtion chiller; and a second chilled coolant supply coupled to said second absoφtion chiller and to said first chilled coolant supply.
PCT/US2002/027826 2001-08-29 2002-08-29 Heat recovery cooling system WO2003021167A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US31558401P 2001-08-29 2001-08-29
US60/315,584 2001-08-29

Publications (1)

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WO2003021167A1 true WO2003021167A1 (en) 2003-03-13

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PCT/US2002/027826 WO2003021167A1 (en) 2001-08-29 2002-08-29 Heat recovery cooling system

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WO (1) WO2003021167A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040102109A1 (en) * 2002-09-18 2004-05-27 Cratty William E. DC power system for marine vessels
US8411439B1 (en) 2007-09-28 2013-04-02 Exaflop Llc Cooling diversity in data centers
JP5363212B2 (en) * 2008-09-30 2013-12-11 株式会社日立製作所 Air conditioning system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3301000A (en) * 1965-02-15 1967-01-31 Borg Warner Combination vapor compression and absorption refrigeration system
US5447042A (en) * 1991-03-29 1995-09-05 Hitachi, Ltd. Multiple type absorption air conditioning system
US5737933A (en) * 1995-07-11 1998-04-14 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Absorption refrigerating machines group apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3301000A (en) * 1965-02-15 1967-01-31 Borg Warner Combination vapor compression and absorption refrigeration system
US5447042A (en) * 1991-03-29 1995-09-05 Hitachi, Ltd. Multiple type absorption air conditioning system
US5737933A (en) * 1995-07-11 1998-04-14 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Absorption refrigerating machines group apparatus

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