WO2003018917A1

WO2003018917A1 - Construction machinery comprising a hydraulic torque motor

Info

Publication number: WO2003018917A1
Application number: PCT/EP2002/009357
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thomas Paa
Original assignee: Rädlinger Maschinen- und Anlagenbau GmbH
Priority date: 2001-08-21
Filing date: 2002-08-21
Publication date: 2003-03-06

Abstract

The invention relates to construction machinery (10) comprising at least one pivotable arm, such as for example a caterpillar excavator or a hydraulic excavator, with a one-part rigid boom or a two-part adjustable boom. In said machinery, the working device (21) (bucket, shovel, etc.) and/or the arms (100) are rotated by hydraulic torque motors (100, 210) about axes (A1, A2), which run parallel to the direction of the width of the arms. Torque motors of this type permit a greater pivoting area, are more robust and less susceptible to damage than conventional hydraulic differential cylinders, enabling operation in areas of extremely limited working space.

Description

description

CONSTRUCTION MACHINE WITH HYDRAULIC ROTATOR

The invention relates to a construction machine with at least one pivotable arm.

In the field of earthmoving, a large number of different construction machines are used, which have at least one arm that can be rotated about an axis, for example single-arm wheel, caterpillar and compact loaders, in which a so-called lifting frame (arm) rotates around a first axis directly on the construction machine from chassis and body, and two-arm or multi-arm hydraulic excavators and shovel loaders, in which a stick (front arm) is rotatably attached to a boom (second arm) about a first axis, which in turn is rotatable either about a parallel second axis directly on the construction machine (rigid or

Monoblock boom) or on another boom

(rear arm) is attached (adjustable arm).

The second or rear arm is rotatably attached to the construction machine about a parallel second or rear axis.

At the front end of the foremost arm there is usually an output device, for example one

Quick-change device, rotatably fastened about a parallel front axis, on which a working device (shovel, spoon, gripper, drill, plow etc.) is either fixed rigidly or pivotably in a plane of the front axis.

In the case of construction machines according to the state of the art, all arms and the output device are attached by means of

Hydraulic differential cylinders rotated around the respective axes. For this are the reciprocating piston and that Cylinder housing attached at their outer, opposite ends by means of a swivel joint to the arm or the adjacent component (output device, boom, construction machine) in such a way that the longitudinal axis of the hydraulic cylinder is perpendicular to the axis of rotation. To implement various kinematics (parallel, Z-kinematics), one end of the hydraulic cylinder can instead be fastened to a coupling of a bell crank or bellows linkage. The swivel joint is designed as a plain bearing, for example, in which a bolt is mounted in bushings.

Construction machines of this type have a number of disadvantages: on the one hand, the exposed piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders, some of which serve as sealing surfaces and therefore have to have a correspondingly smooth and clean surface finish, can easily become dirty or damaged in the rough use of construction machines on construction sites etc. , Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinders only allow a theoretical swivel range of less than 180 °, which in practice is usually significantly smaller. In addition, the hydraulic cylinders have to be serviced frequently due to the wear of the slide bearings, especially under the rough working conditions on construction sites (dirt, impact loads, etc.). After all, each hydraulic cylinder always requires two hydraulic lines for the supply and return, which are connected to the housing of the hydraulic cylinder. Since this housing also moves relative to the arm and the adjacent component when the arm is pivoted, the hydraulic lines are laid in arches to compensate for the length differences that occur. These exposed arches are also easily damaged when using the construction machine. The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a construction machine with at least one pivotable arm which is less sensitive to the conditions of use on construction sites.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

On at least one first arm of a construction machine, a first hydraulic rotary motor is fastened in a rotationally fixed manner at its front end, the axis of rotation of which is oriented essentially parallel to the direction of the width of the arm. With this motor, an output device fastened to the motor or a front arm fastened to the motor can be rotated with respect to the first arm.

Such a construction machine has a number of advantages over a conventional construction machine according to the prior art described above: on the one hand, a hydraulic rotary motor is almost maintenance-free due to its oil-lubricated bearing and is very well protected against the ingress of dirt since it does not get in and out has extending piston rods. Of course, no exposed piston rod can be damaged here.

In addition, the hydraulic rotary motor enables a larger swivel range, which in practice is significantly larger than 180 ° and, depending on the design of the output device or the front arm, can even encompass the full 360 ° range. In addition, unlike hydraulic cylinders, a hydraulic rotary motor delivers constant torque over the entire swivel range. After all, a hydraulic rotary motor is very compact. Since he's about it In addition, there is no need for a linkage lever or linkage to translate it into a rotational movement, which means that it enables working in tightly confined workspaces. In addition, there is a cost advantage due to the omission of a deflection device.

The housing of the first rotary motor is advantageously fastened to the first arm and an output device or a front arm is fastened to the output shaft of the rotary motor, so that the hydraulic lines of the rotary motor attached to the housing are not moved. According to a preferred embodiment, these hydraulic lines are arranged protected inside the first arm. Alternatively, the output shaft can also be attached to the first arm and the housing to an output device or a front arm.

The output device can either itself be a working device, for example an excavator bucket or a plow, i.e. be integrally attached to the implement, or such an implement is releasably attached to the output device, for example by means of a known quick-change device, and thus enables the quick replacement of the implement.

In an advantageous embodiment, the output device has a movement device with which an attached attachment device can be moved relative to the output device about at least one axis deviating from the axis of rotation of the first hydraulic rotary motor. Such a movement device can be, for example, another hydraulic rotary motor or a hydraulic differential cylinder known per se. Analogous to the embodiment described above, a working device can be directly integrated or detachably on the attachment, for example by means of Quick-change device or the like, be attached so that the implement can also be pivoted relative to the first arm about an axis that is not oriented parallel to the axis of rotation of the first rotary motor.

According to a further preferred embodiment, a rear hydraulic rotary motor is also attached to the rear end of the first arm, which in turn is connected to the construction machine and rotates the arm relative to that of the construction machine about a rear axis of rotation. The construction machine can be, for example, a one-armed wheel loader.

According to another preferred embodiment, a second hydraulic rotary motor is attached to the rear end of the arm, which in turn is attached to a boom and rotates the first arm relative to the boom about a second axis of rotation. This boom can be attached to the construction machine by means of a rear hydraulic motor or a swivel joint, and can be rotated with respect to the construction machine by the rear hydraulic motor or at least one hydraulic cylinder. The construction machine can be, for example, a hydraulic excavator with a rigid monoblock boom.

Alternatively, the boom can in turn be fastened to a rear boom by means of a third hydraulic motor or a swivel joint and can be rotated with respect to the rear boom by the third hydraulic motor or at least one hydraulic cylinder. The rear boom can be fastened to the construction machine by means of a rear hydraulic motor or a swivel joint, and can be rotated relative to the construction machine by the rear hydraulic motor or at least one hydraulic cylinder. The construction machine can for example, a hydraulic excavator with an adjustable boom.

Even in the case of multi-arm designs, the hydraulic lines of the hydraulic rotary motors and / or the hydraulic cylinders can advantageously be arranged at least partially within the arms in order to protect them against damage.

Further features, advantages and designs result from the subclaims and the figures. It shows:

1 is a side view of a hydraulic excavator with a rigid monoblock boom according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

2 shows a cross-section of a crawler loader in plan view according to a second embodiment of the present invention; and

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional plan view of a crawler loader according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 1 shows a hydraulic excavator 10 with chassis

(Undercarriage) 11, superstructure (superstructure) 12 and the

Equipment comprising a first arm (arm) 100, a second arm (boom) 200 and a spoon 21. At the front end of the stem 100, the housing 111 of a first hydraulic rotary motor 110 is fixed in a rotationally fixed manner, for example detachably by means of screws or non-detachably by means of welding, riveting or the like, such that the axis of rotation AI of the rotary motor 110 is oriented essentially parallel to the direction of the width of the stem 100 , A quick coupler 20 is, for example, non-rotatably on the output shaft 112 of the rotary motor 110 fixed by positive engagement in corresponding recesses and / or screwed threaded bushings. The spoon 21 is detachably attached to the quick coupler 20 in a manner known per se. By actuating the hydraulic rotary motor 110, the bucket 21 is thus rotated relative to the stick 100 about the axis of rotation AI of the rotary motor 110, a pivoting range of well over 180 ° being obtained here, depending on the design of the bucket. The working movement of the working device is only effected by the hydraulic rotary motor.

In a modified embodiment (not shown), a further hydraulic rotary motor is arranged between quick coupler 20 and output shaft 112 of the first rotary motor in such a way that it rotates quick coupler 20 and output shaft 112 of the first rotary motor against one another about an axis of rotation which is not parallel to the axis of rotation AI of the first rotary motor 111 lies. Alternatively, instead of the hydraulic motor, a swivel joint and a hydraulic differential cylinder can also be used to implement this pivoting movement. This modified version advantageously allows the implement to be pivoted further to the side, for example for lateral excavation even in narrow shafts.

At the rear end of the stem 100, the output shaft 212 of a second hydraulic rotary motor 200 is fixed in a rotationally fixed manner, for example by positive engagement in corresponding cutouts and / or screwed threaded bushings. The housing 211 of the second rotary motor 210 is fastened in a rotationally fixed manner, for example detachably by means of screws or non-detachably by means of welding, riveting or the like, to the front end of the arm 200. The second hydraulic rotary motor 210 thus rotates the arm 100 relative to the boom 200 about an axis of rotation A2, which is oriented essentially parallel to the axis of rotation AI of the hydraulic rotary motor 110.

The rear end of the boom 200 is rotatably fastened to the superstructure 12 of the excavator 10 by means of slide bearings and is rotated in a manner known per se about a rear axis of rotation A3 parallel to the axis of rotation A1 of the first hydraulic rotary motor 110 by hydraulic differential cylinders 13.

In a modified version, the boom is additionally tilted by a hydraulic differential cylinder about an axis of rotation (vertical axis) that is different from the rear axis of rotation.

In another modified version

The boom 200 is not directly connected to the superstructure 12 of the construction machine 10, but to a third arm, which in turn is rotatably connected to the superstructure 12 of the construction machine 10 and opposite it by means of one or more hydraulic differential cylinders or a hydraulic rotary motor is rotated about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the first rotary motor.

2 shows a top view of the section through a crawler loader, wheel loader or excavator 10 with running gear

II and construction 12. The housing is on a first arm 100

III of a first hydraulic rotary motor attached by means of screws. The output shaft 112 of the motor 110 is fastened to an output device 20 by means of screwed threaded bushings. This is connected to a blade 21 by welding. The first rotary motor 110 rotates the output device 20 and the blade 21 with respect to the first arm 100 about an axis of rotation AI, which in the is oriented substantially parallel to the direction of the width of the first arm.

At the rear end of the first arm 100, the output shaft 302 of a rear rotary motor 300 is fastened in a rotationally fixed manner by positive engagement in a corresponding recess and a screwed threaded bushing. The housing 301 of the rear rotary motor is fastened to the structure 12 of the crawler loader 10 by screwing. The rear rotary motor 300 rotates the first arm 100 relative to the crawler loader 10 about a rear axis of rotation A3 which is oriented substantially parallel to the direction of the width of the first arm.

The hydraulic lines 120 of the first hydraulic motor 110 are arranged in the first arm 100 and thus protected against damage.

FIG. 3 shows a top view of a crawler loader 10 according to a third embodiment of the present invention, which is constructed similarly to that shown in FIG. 2

Track loader according to a second version. Therefore, only the deviating features are discussed below.

In the crawler loader shown in FIG. 3, a foremost hydraulic rotary motor 22 with its housing 22b is fastened to the output shaft 112 of the first rotary motor 110 as a movement device by screwing onto flanges 20, which in turn are fastened to the output shaft 112 of the first rotary motor 110 by means of screwed threaded bushings 113 are. The output shaft 22a of the foremost hydraulic rotary motor 22 engages in a corresponding recess in a first plate 23a at one end and is screwed to a parallel second plate 23b at the other end with a flange formed there. This is the Output shaft 22a of the foremost rotary motor 22 is fastened to the two plates 23a, 23b which are welded to a spoon 21. Thus, the rotary motor 22 can rotate the bucket 21 about the axis of rotation A4 of the rotary motor 22, which is oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation AI of the first hydraulic rotary motor 110.

In a modified embodiment (not shown), the two plates 23a, 23b are connected to a quick-change device to which the spoon 21 is detachably attached.

The hydraulic lines 24 of the foremost hydraulic rotary motor 22 are advantageously also partially arranged in the first arm 110 and are thus protected against damage. Alternatively, the hydraulic lines 24 can also be arranged completely in the first arm and installed in a rotary feedthrough in the rotary motor 22.

Claims

Expectations

1. Construction machine (10) with at least one first arm (100), at the front end of which a first hydraulic rotary motor (110) with a housing (111) and an output shaft (112) is arranged, characterized in that the first rotary motor (110 ) is non-rotatably attached to the first arm (100); and the axis of rotation (AI) of the first rotary motor (110) is oriented substantially parallel to the direction of the width of the first arm (100).

2. Construction machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises an output device (20); and that the housing (111) of the first motor (110) on the first arm (100) and the output shaft (112) of the first motor on the output device (20) is fixed so that the output device by the motor about its axis of rotation (AI) can be rotated.

3. Construction machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises an output device (20); and that the output shaft (112) of the first motor (110) on the first arm (100) and the housing (111) of the first motor on the output device (20) is fixed so that the output device by the motor about its axis of rotation (AI) can be rotated.

4. Construction machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that on the output device (20) a movement device (22) is attached, which is attached to it an attachment device (23) relative to the output device (20) about one of the axis of rotation (AI) deviating front axle (A4) of the first engine turns.

5. Construction machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the movement device (22) is a hydraulic rotary motor.

6. Construction machine according to claim 4, characterized gekennzeichhnet that cüe movement device (22) is a hydraulic differential cylinder.

7. Construction machine according to at least one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that on the output device

(20) or the attachment (22) a working device

(21), in particular a spoon, a gripper or the like, is releasably attached.

8. Construction machine according to at least one of claims 2 to

6, characterized in that on the output device

(20) or the attachment (22) a working device

(21), in particular a spoon, a gripper or the like is permanently attached.

9. Construction machine according to at least one of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that a second hydraulic rotary motor at the rear end of the first arm (100)

(210) is arranged on which a second arm (200) is fastened such that the first arm (100) and second arm (200) by the second rotary motor (210) about a second axis of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation (AI) of the first rotary motor (A2) can be turned against each other.

10. Construction machine according to at least one of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that at the rear end of the first arm (100) there is a rear hydraulic

Rotary motor (300) is arranged on the construction machine

(10) is attached so that the first arm (100) through the rear rotary motor (300) about a to the axis of rotation (AI) of the first rotary motor (110) parallel rear axis of rotation (A3) is rotated relative to the construction machine (10).

11. Construction machine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the

Hydraulic lines of at least one hydraulic

Rotary motor run at least partially protected inside at least one arm.