WO2003015811A1

WO2003015811A1 - Process for obtaining a pharmaceutical composition

Info

Publication number: WO2003015811A1
Application number: PCT/BR2001/000104
Authority: WO
Inventors: Cristiano Alberto Ribeiro Santana; Gilberto De Nucci
Original assignee: Santana Cristiano Alberto Ribe; Gilberto De Nucci
Priority date: 2001-08-17
Filing date: 2001-08-17
Publication date: 2003-02-27
Also published as: BR0114991A

Abstract

The invention refers to a process for obtaining a pharmaceutical composition comprising the following steps: a) addition in a container, of mineral oil and conservants, based on oil, keeping a warm temperature and under agitation; b) cooling to a temperature close to the room temperature; c) addition, in another container and under agitation, of moisturizing substance, EDTA and hyaluronidase, incorporating, in the sequence, proteolytic enzyme, surfactant and vitamin-E; d) addition of the mixture obtained on step c) to the mixture obtained on step b); e) homogenization. The present invention refers also to the pharmaceutical composition thus obtained, as well as the user of said pharmaceutical composition for the production of a medicine.

Description

"PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION"

The present invention refers to a new process for obtaining a pharmaceutical composition applicable to any form, most notably, gel, cream, gel cream, liquid, spray, aerosol, lyophilized or "patch" (transdermic adhesive) . The composition of the present invention is of topical application, non-toxic and features a high penetration rate through the ski . DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The skin permeability varies according to the region of the body, being the skin folds and the face those that present the highest absorption rate. A product applied over the skin will present a longer period of contact and percutanial absorption.

According to the classic book "Histologia dos Epitelios", by Walter A. Hadler and Sineli R. Silveira, Editora Campus, Campinas, 1993, it is considered that: "bearing in mind the general morphological characteristics and the specialized functions that they perform, the epithelium cells are predominantly classified into two categories, which correspond to two epithelium classes: coating epithelium cells and secreting epithelium cells. The cells of these two classes mix with each other to constitute, respectively, the coating epitheliums and the secreting epitheliums, each one of them performing specific functions that are inherent to them. Such division is also fundamented in the distribution of these two classes of epithelium in the organism, which although wide is distinctive for both. With the purpose of forming the coating epitheliums the epithelium cells associate side-by-side, so as to originate "membranes" or layers superimposed over the base membrane, which function is to coat surfaces. On the contrary, the secreting cells unite to form organized functional units, better suited for performing their specialized function, related to the secretion products synthesis; thus are constituted the secreting units. The coating epitheliums are defined as living membranes, usually featuring a discontinuity, that isolate the organism from the environment, separating the internal media from the external one. Furthermore, these epitheliums isolate from each other the various internal media compartments, among which are the intravascular compartment, the serum compartment and several others. Among the various functions performed by the coating epitheliums some are performed by specialized variants that are specifically adapted to perform one or more functions. Others are incorporated as general functions presented without distinction by every coating epithelium cell. The coating epithelium cell, in the same way as most of the living cells, passively absorbs water and electrolytes and eliminates them actively; this function is well developed in the epithelium cells. On that account it is very important to observe that generally it is understood as absorption the penetration of solutions through the cells plasmatic membrane. However two different specific forms of absorption must be distinguished from one another: the passive absorption, that occurs according to the osmotic laws, and the active absorption, that entails the effective participation of the epithelium cell and that does not follow such physic laws . On the other hand it must be considered that every single substance that penetrates the interior of a multi-cellular organism, or else is excreted or eliminated, must cross at least one coating epithelium, because every superior organism is penetrated internally and externally by epitheliums. It must also be observed that the coating epitheliums, although continuously covering and protecting those surfaces it coats, are not impervious at all; that is why they do not behave as inert "membranes". On the contrary, they allow for the exchange of gases, water, several kinds of electrolytes and certain other solutes between the internal and the external media, or between the various internal compartments, which characterizes its permeability. The coating epithelium cells limit in a controlled and selective way the permeability of the respective epitheliums, with the purpose of protecting the organism and still participate of the control of its homeostasis. In order to perform such function the epitheliums are organized and arrange their cells in a special form, in order to build up coatings which cells abbut the base membrane and are united with each other by means of intracellular junctions; in turn the cells are coated by the plas atic membrane, which features special characteristics, and by the glicochalice, both able to express well defined functional properties. The functional characteristics- expressed by the plasmatic membrane portion that coats the cells apical surface are different from those expressed by the portion situated in its basal or basolateral face; such differences, which occur mainly on the functional aspect, contribute for the remarkable degree of polarization expressed by the coating epithelium cells . The prime function performed by the coating epitheliums correspond essentially to the protection rendered to the surface that they coat, characterizing their protective coating function. Such function features a special characteristic, being a coating that, besides offering mechanical, physical and chemical protection to the coated surface, is not inert. The coating epitheliums are pervious, which allows for the controlled and selective passage of several products through its wall . There are many evidences in favor of the idea that the coating epitheliums permeability constitutes a fundamental property, with significant functional expression, for it is essential for the performance of several functions featured by the epitheliums, even more so because it is selective and its permeability degree presents a wide variation. It is fairly well demonstrated that the permeability degree influences strongly the function performed by the coating epitheliums:

1) wide permeability; 2) reduced permeability and

3) absence of permeability. When there is a wide permeability, the epitheliums allow intense metabolic exchanges through their walls, with poor control and selectivity of its permeability. In these circumstances the epithelium acts on the filtration and transfer of metabolites, these functions requiring little qualitative control; the exercise of these functions is subordinated to the epithelium intrinsic structure, which is adapted to act, mainly passively, being low the level of selective permeability. The coating epitheliums with a reduced degree of permeability, due to the characteristic that is so peculiar to them, present the property of partially controlling their own permeability, and above all their selectivity. As a consequence, these coating epitheliums present selective permeability, which allows them to interfere and qualitatively control their functional activity, as well as making them more able to actuate over the homeostasis control. The absence of epithelium permeability is correlated to the complex isolation of the coated surface and, on the other hand, to the better controlling of this epithelium function, because its cells, although very poorly pervious, present selective permeability. In this case the coated surface has its boundaries limited by a "membrane" impervious or very poorly pervious and very effective, that performs an important protective function, for it is able to discriminate exactly what can cross the epithelium. The coating epitheliums permeability is such an expressive functional property that it has been used as an important classification criterion to rank them in three classes : 1) pervious epitheliums;

2) poorly pervious epitheliums and

3) impervious epitheliums.

Because of their selective permeability, even in the inferior animals the epitheliums have assumed the function of coating the organism, constituting its external coating, with limiting and protective properties, not only morphological but also functional. Their cells, in principle very similar, behaved as a semi-pervious "membrane" poorly effective that acted passively, but which function allowed the separation, tough precarious and more morphological than functional, between the internal and the external media. It seem to be that the majority of the coating epitheliums acts as a barrier that prevents the free passive diffusion, because their permeability, which is selective, is conditioned to several factors among which stands out the electric potential present in their cell's plasmatic membrane. The continuity of the epithelium coating is established as much through the intimate abutment of adjacent cells as through the presence of intercellular union devices. The epithelium cells are enveloped by the glicochalice, that also takes part of the coating function performed by the epithelium, in addition to aid the union between adjacent cells, because the intracellular adhesive is formed also by glicochalice. Several experimental investigations confirm that the coating epitheliums selective permeability is associated to other specific functions expressed by their cells, namely: absorption, excretion and secretion. These functions, beyond their permeability that constitutes their prime function, are responsible by the general functioning of the epithelium cell. The general functions performed by the coating epitheliums are basically the following:

1) surfaces protective coating f nction;

2) isolation and functional individualization of the internal media and of its distinct compartments, due to their cells selective permeability; 3) controlling the homeostasis of the internal medium and its compartments due to their cells ability to interfere in the epithelium selective permeability; the epithelium cells manifest the capacity to effect the absorption, secretion and excretion; such functions interfere on the epithelium permeability; 4) performance of the metabolic functions due to their ability to effect hydrosalinic exchanges and to effect metabolites transfers due to their cells and intracellular spaces high degree of poorly selective permeability;

5) transport of products along the epithelial surface due to the participation of the cilia;

6) sensorial perception and

7) germinative function. Among these functions, the first four derive mostly from the epithelium cells selective permeability, over which are additionally superimposed the additional affects corresponding to their properties of absorption, excretion and secretion. Among the general functions performed by the coating epitheliums, the selective permeability is responsible by the efficiency regarding the ability to coat, protect and isolate the surfaces, as well as to effect the control of the homeostasis; the passive absorption and the metabolites transfer capacity are executed normally by the majority of the cells of these epitheliums, which demand only minor adaptations to become able to effectively perform such functions. On the contrary, the functions of absorption, excretion and secretion depend of properties that develop successively and would become paramount, mostly in some specialized types of coating epithelium, which adapted following a new and specific direction. The sensorial perception and the germinative function are more specific functions that are only manifest by certain epitheliums even more specialized. Considering their cell's morphological characteristics, the coating epitheliums have been classified according to the same number of cellular extracts they bear in: simple (a single extract) and stratified (two or more extracts). Both the simple epitheliums and the stratified ones, conforming to their cell's format, are in turn subdivided into pavimentous, cubic or prismatic. The simple epitheliums are usually adapted to manifest wholly their most expressive fundamental property, which consists in their permeability, which degree and selectivity vary. The simple coating epitheliums, constituted by a single layer of pavements or cubic-prismatic cells, present major differences regarding their functional properties, correlated not only to their cell's morphology, but also to the intracellular space's properties. The simple pavimentous epitheliums are usually very pervious; the cubic-prismatic ones are less pervious. The coating epitheliums permeability, in addition to being selective, is controlled by their cell's functional activity, although the control looses efficiency in the same order as the intracellular space's permeability increases. The cubic-prismatic epitheliums, being less pervious than the pavimentous, are more effective to control their permeability. Based on the format of the epithelium cell, in its permeability and the coating epitheliums most common adaptations, it is possible to generate a provisional classification for these epitheliums. Thus, the simple coating epitheliums are divided into two classes: pavimentous and cubic-prismatic . Each class is subdivided according to its functional properties in open or pervious epitheliums, in semi-occlusive or poorly-pervious and occlusive or impervious. In the simple coating epitheliums classification, the cubic epitheliums and the prismatic epitheliums are usually considered distinct, being defined and identified according to the format of the epithelium cells that make them up. However some functional studies have showed that the correlation between form and function presents several exceptions. For this reason a functional classification is adopted considering predominantly it's permeability. According to this criterion these epitheliums are denominated cubic-prismatic comprising the semi-occlusive and occlusive epitheliums. Following the same criterion the stratified epitheliums can be subdivided into: pavimentous and cubic- prismatic. The stratified epitheliums are adapted to perform primarily the mechanical protection function, because they are impervious or poorly pervious. The epitheliums comprise, in addition to the cells, the intercellular space and the base membrane, which interfere in their permeability degree; their permeability derives not only from their cell's peculiar properties, responsible for the transcellular permeability way, but also from the presence of another permeability way of their walls, constituting the intercellular or paracellular way. The transcellular way comprises two different ways that consist of the transmembranous way and the transcanicular or trancitose way. It has been demonstrated, experimentally, that the coating epitheliums can be transposed by water and by substances of various natures, both through their epithelium cells (transcellular way) and through the way situated between their cells (intercellular way) . In the first instance the epithelium cell can effect the permeability control of the epithelium through its biological activity, making this process selective. As for the intercellular way permeability, the epithelium cell, although not behaving in a totally passive form, does not interfere directly in the transport selectivity. The sole form of cell active participation, in this instance, comprises the determination, exceptionally, the enlargement of the corresponding intercellular space. By means of the action of the microfilaments that constitute its cito-skeleton, the epithelium cell, specially those of certain types of simple coating epitheliums pavimentous of the open type, can change its format and retract segments of its cytoplasm; thus being able to influence the size of the intercellular space and regulate it. It has been established that the transcellular permeability of the simple coating epitheliums is perfectly distinct from the intercellular permeability, because both are subordinated to very different mechanisms. The epithelium cell permeability, which is selective, is influenced by its biological activity; on the contrary, the intercellular permeability is totally passive, and thus is not selective. There are several factors implied in the inflammatory process , remarkable among them are the vascular distention with exudation; migration of leucocytes and acrophages ; proliferation of fibroblasts ; the action of chemical mediators such as histamine serotonine , bradicinine and prostaglandines ; and proteolytic activity .

The proteolytic activity refers to the involvement of the proteases ( chemotripcyne and catepcyne) and the collagenase, which currently not only eases up the destruction of foreign bodies , but also hydrolyzes the collagen, which resulting peptide act as a chemotactic substance stimulating the proliferation of fibroblasts .

The manipulation of proteolytic enzymes has been constituting a true challenge for the technician in question . Said instability, intrinsic to it , has been limiting and restricting the use of the proteolytic enzymes in the fields of odontology, diets and, concerning the supply path, the consolidation of oral administration, with the consequential exclusion of the dermatological path . Such restriction is reflected in the compiled previous art , which exclude the use of the proteolytic enzymes in the field of dermatology .

One exception is materialized in U . S . Patent Nr . 4 , 678 , 668 , which describes a dermatological composition to alleviate the pain and reduce the swelling of an affected area comprising proteolytic enzymes such as papayne , hyaluronidase , tripsine and bromeline and as transport vehicle glycerin, alcohol , aqueous or hydro-aqueous solution . well , the use of an aqueous mean is exactly what the present invention tries to curb, given the extraordinary instability of the proteolytic enzymes in the same , which would certainly render unfeasible the dermatological application of said substances .

It must be remarked that in the U. S . Patent the carrier agent is , for example , the alcohol , and in the present invention, such function is performed by the very proteolytic enzyme, working in an anhydride medium, which allows the stocking and storage of the pharmaceutical form for a period of more than 24 months.

Therefore the object of the present invention is a new "PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A PHARMACEUTICAL

COMPOSITION", notably in the form of a gel, cream, gel cream, liquid, spray, aerosol, lyophilized or "patch" (transdermic adhesive) .

The process for obtaining the composition according to the present invention comprises the following steps : a) addition, in a container and by means of agitation, of a mineral oil and conservants based on oil, keeping a warm temperature; b) cooling until a temperature close to the room temperature; c) addition, in another container and by means of agitation, of a moisturizing substance, EDTA and hyaluronidase, incorporating in the sequence a proteolytic enzyme, a surfactant and vitamin-E; d) addition of the mixture resulting from step c) to the mixture resulting from step b); e) homogenization.

It is worth observing that said cream composition is soluble in water and glycerol, tough practically insoluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform, being inactive when reacting with oxidizing agents such as iron, oxygen derivates of iodine, hydrogen peroxide and silver nitrate.

Being an easily degradable enzyme, it must be kept in a fresh, dry, ventilated and protected place.

The proteolytic enzyme, advantageously, comprises papayne and bromeline. More advantageously it is suggested the use of papayne. Preferably the temperature of step a) lies between 50 and 98°C. More preferably the temperature of this step lies between 65 and 80°C.

Advantageously the cooling of step b) is conducted under a temperature between 25 and 45°C. more advantageously said cooling is effected between 30 and 40°C.

The cream obtained presents the following features :

Density 0.980 to 1.030 g/cm3; Viscosity....3600 to 4800 cps ;

Ph 5.8 to 6.5.

The example featured bellow is merely illustrative and not limitative:

In a container is added approximately 85, 000 g of Polyethylene glycols, rising the temperature to around 60°C. then 0, 150 g of conservants are added, agitation for 40 minutes.

Cooling down to 30°C.

In another container are added 2.0 g of moisturizer, dissolving EDTA and hyaluronidase, incorporating

0.5 g of papayne and 0.10 g of vitamin-E. the two mixtures previously obtained are then mixed together under constant agitation.

The anhydride cream thus obtained presents the following features:

Aspect unctuous cream

Color opalescent white

Odor characteristic

Density....1.01 g/cm3 Viscosity..4100 cps

Ph 6.2

Claims

1. "PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION" characterized by the fact of comprising the steps of a) addition, in a container, of mineral oil and conservants, based on oil, keeping a warm temperature and under agitation; b) cooling to a temperature close to the room temperature; c) addition, in another container and under agitation, of moisturizing substance, EDTA and hyaluronidase, incorporating, in the sequence, proteolytic enzyme, surfactant and vitamin-E; d) addition of the mixture obtained on step c) to the mixture obtained on step b) ; e) homogenization.

2. "PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION", according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the temperature on step a) lies between 50 and 98°C.

3. "PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A PHARMACEUTICAL

COMPOSITION", according to any of the claims 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the temperature on step a) lies advantageously between 65 and 80°C.

4. "PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION", according to any of the claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized by the fact that the temperature on step b) , lies between 25 and 45°C.

5. "PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION", according to any of the claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized by the fact that the temperature on step b) is lies advantageously between 30 and 40°C.

6. "PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION", according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the proteolytic enzyme comprises papayne and bromeline.

7. "PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION", according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the proteolytic enzyme comprises papayne.

8. "PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION", obtained according to any of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said pharmaceutical composition is presented in the form of a gel, cream, gel cream, aerosol, spray, liquid, lyophilized or "patch" (transdermic adhesive) .

9. "PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION" obtained according to any of the claims 1 a 7, characterized by the fact that said pharmaceutical composition presents the following features: density 0.980 to 1.030 g/cm3; viscosity 3600 to 4800 cps; pH 5, 80 to 6, 50.

10. "USE OF SAID PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION" according to any of the claims 1 a 7, characterized by the fact that said pharmaceutical composition is used for the production of a medicine.