WO2003014636A1 - Refrigeration unit - Google Patents

Refrigeration unit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003014636A1
WO2003014636A1 PCT/IB2002/003035 IB0203035W WO03014636A1 WO 2003014636 A1 WO2003014636 A1 WO 2003014636A1 IB 0203035 W IB0203035 W IB 0203035W WO 03014636 A1 WO03014636 A1 WO 03014636A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
sub
adsorption
refrigeration unit
unit according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2002/003035
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Bradley Warren Mathews
Original Assignee
Bradley Warren Mathews
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bradley Warren Mathews filed Critical Bradley Warren Mathews
Priority to APAP/P/2004/002992A priority Critical patent/AP2004002992A0/en
Publication of WO2003014636A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003014636A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
    • F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/80—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors having discontinuous faces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
    • F25B27/007—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in sorption type systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • THIS invention relates to a refrigeration unit.
  • United States patent no. 4,531 ,384 discloses a refrigeration unit which is operated by means of solar energy.
  • the mode of operation consists of desorption phase and adsorption phase (using zeolite), and a condensation phase.
  • a problem with this device is that it requires two separate sub- chambers for the desorption and adsorption phase and condensation phase, and requires a valve mechanism between a desorption and adsorption chamber and evaporation chamber. The device is thus complicated and, because of its complexity, expensive to produce.
  • a refrigeration unit including a sealed refrigeration chamber, the refrigeration chamber including:
  • an adsorption sub-chamber containing an adsorbent material the adsorption sub-chamber having a transparent wall or top for allowing solar rays to j enter the, adsorption sub-chamber for heating the adsorbent
  • an evaporation sub-chamber containing a liquid, which is in communication vith the adsorption sub-chamber, so that liquid vapour may diffuse from the evaporation sub-chamber to the adsorption sub-chamber.
  • the evaporation chamber is in thermal communication with an area that needs to be cooled, such as a cold storage compartment in a refrigerator.
  • the adsorption sub-chamber includes a transparent inclined top which allows solar rays to enter the adsorption sub-chamber, and which also provides a condensation surface.
  • the refrigeration chamber may contain a gas such as air, but is preferably a vacuum containing only a vapour phase from the liquid.
  • the refrigeration chamber advantageously includes a thermal barrier between adsorption sub-chamber and the evaporation sub-chamber, the thermal barrier including apertures for allowing vapour to diffuse from the evaporation sub-chamber to the adsorption sub-chamber.
  • the thermal barrier also includes a drain for allowing condensed liquid to drain from the adsorption sub-chamber into the liquid in the evaporation sub- chamber.
  • the refrigeration chamber is, in use, located above a cold storage compartment of a refrigerator.
  • At least one reflective surface is provided within the adsorption sub-chamber, for directing solar rays onto the adsorbent material within the sub-chamber.
  • the adsorbent material is typically zeolite and the liquid is water, preferably water containing a salt.
  • Figure 1 is a cross sectional view of a self-contained refrigeration unit according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a pictorial view of the top portion of a self-contained refrigeration unit according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a pictorial view of a solar collector for a self-contained refrigeration unit of another embodiment of the invention.
  • a self-contained refrigeration unit according to a first embodiment of the invention is indicated generally by the numeral 10.
  • the refrigeration unit 10 includes a sealed (from the atmosphere) refrigeration chamber 12 which, is in thermal communication with a cooling chamber 14.
  • the cha'mbers 12 and 14 are surrounded by a thermally insulated housing 16.
  • the refrigeration chamber 12 is located above the cooling chamber 14. arrier 18 into the adsorption sub-chamber 12A, and the density of the
  • the cooling chamber 14 Tol enhance the thermal isolation of the cooling chamber 14, it is advantageous to line the interior, and the aluminium fins 22 with a material that has a high heat capacity, for example a gel which is contained within a suitable plastic container. At night, when the zeolite cools, the zeolite adsorbs water and the cooling process resumes.
  • a material that has a high heat capacity for example a gel which is contained within a suitable plastic container.
  • a shutter can be attached to the refrigeration unit 10, which can be used to block out solar rays during the day.
  • Such a system could be automated, and connected to a thermostat within the adsorption sub- chamber 12A, which sends a signal to the automated system and causes Ithe shutter to close when it becomes too hot in this chamber.
  • a solar collector is provided within the adsorption sub-chamber 12A.
  • the zeolite 28 is formed into a cone shape and painted a dark colour, preferably black.
  • the shaped zeolite 28 is mounted on a black (heat absorbing) mounting 38 within the adsorption sub-chamber 12A, and [reflectors 40 are mounted within the adsorption sub-chamber 12A.
  • the dark colour of the zeolite 28 and heat absorbing mounting 38 help to heat the zeolite 28.
  • the reflective surfaces 40 may be parabolic or
  • the adsorption sub-chamber 12A can be located remote from, but still in communication with, the evaporation sub-chamber 12B.
  • the evaporation sub-chamber 12B can form part of a refrigerator in a home, and the adsorption sub-chamber 12A located on the roof of the home. It is envisaged that the two sub-chambers will be connected (i.e. brought into communication) by at least one tube.
  • the tube will be for allowing the diffusion of water vapour from the evaporation sub-chamber 12B to the adsorption sub-chamber 12A, and also allows the flow of condensed water from the adsorption sub-chamber 12A to the evaporation sub-chamber 12B.
  • the refrigeration device according to the invention does not require complicated valve mechanisms and thus is less complex than the device in the prior art which means it is less expensive to produce, and easier to operate.
  • a further advantage of the device of the preferred embodiment of the invention is that solar reflective surfaces are mounted within the adsorption sub-chamber. This means that it is not necessary to have separate mirrors which have to mounted outside the unit and which may easily be broken during transport or use. Thus, the device of the invention is particularly suitable for transport to and use in rural areas.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to a self-contained refrigeration unit (10) that operates on solar energy. The self-contained refrigeration unit (10) includes an adsorption sub-chamber (12A) and an evaporation sub-chamber (12B) which is in thermal communication with a cooling chamber (14). An adsorbent material in the form of zeolite (28) is housed within the adsorption sub-chamber (12A) and the device makes use of desorption, adsorption, evaporation and condensation, using solar energy, to cool the cooling chamber (14). The device (10) is less complex than devices of the prior art, and more suitable for transport to and use in rural areas.

Description

REFRIGERATION UNIT
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
THIS invention relates to a refrigeration unit.
Most refrigeration units are operated with electricity, or liquid petroleum gas. In rural areas there is no electricity, and very often liquid petroleum gas is unavailable, or too expensive.
United States patent no. 4,531 ,384 discloses a refrigeration unit which is operated by means of solar energy. The mode of operation consists of desorption phase and adsorption phase (using zeolite), and a condensation phase. A problem with this device is that it requires two separate sub- chambers for the desorption and adsorption phase and condensation phase, and requires a valve mechanism between a desorption and adsorption chamber and evaporation chamber. The device is thus complicated and, because of its complexity, expensive to produce.
It is an bject of this invention to piυvide a self-contained refrigeration unit that operates on solar energy and which is less complex than devices of the prior art, and more suitable for transport to and use in rural areas. SU MARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention there is provided a refrigeration unit including a sealed refrigeration chamber, the refrigeration chamber including:
an adsorption sub-chamber containing an adsorbent material, the adsorption sub-chamber having a transparent wall or top for allowing solar rays to j enter the, adsorption sub-chamber for heating the adsorbent
I j material jin the adsorption sub-chamber, and a condensation surface within the absorption sub-chamber to allow condensation to take place directly within the absorption sub-chamber; and
an evaporation sub-chamber, containing a liquid, which is in communication vith the adsorption sub-chamber, so that liquid vapour may diffuse from the evaporation sub-chamber to the adsorption sub-chamber.
Typically, the evaporation chamber is in thermal communication with an area that needs to be cooled, such as a cold storage compartment in a refrigerator.
Advantageously, the adsorption sub-chamber includes a transparent inclined top which allows solar rays to enter the adsorption sub-chamber, and which also provides a condensation surface.
The refrigeration chamber may contain a gas such as air, but is preferably a vacuum containing only a vapour phase from the liquid.
The refrigeration chamber advantageously includes a thermal barrier between adsorption sub-chamber and the evaporation sub-chamber, the thermal barrier including apertures for allowing vapour to diffuse from the evaporation sub-chamber to the adsorption sub-chamber. Typically, the thermal barrier also includes a drain for allowing condensed liquid to drain from the adsorption sub-chamber into the liquid in the evaporation sub- chamber. Advantclgeously, the refrigeration chamber is, in use, located above a cold storage compartment of a refrigerator.
Preferably, at least one reflective surface is provided within the adsorption sub-chamber, for directing solar rays onto the adsorbent material within the sub-chamber.
The adsorbent material is typically zeolite and the liquid is water, preferably water containing a salt.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a cross sectional view of a self-contained refrigeration unit according to an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a pictorial view of the top portion of a self-contained refrigeration unit according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; and
Figure 3 is a pictorial view of a solar collector for a self-contained refrigeration unit of another embodiment of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Referring to Figure 1 , a self-contained refrigeration unit according to a first embodiment of the invention is indicated generally by the numeral 10. The refrigeration unit 10 includes a sealed (from the atmosphere) refrigeration chamber 12 which, is in thermal communication with a cooling chamber 14. The cha'mbers 12 and 14 are surrounded by a thermally insulated housing 16. The refrigeration chamber 12 is located above the cooling chamber 14. arrier 18 into the adsorption sub-chamber 12A, and the density of the
Figure imgf000007_0001
This water vapour then condenses on the inclined lid 30 and runs, via the
Idrain 36, through the thermal barrier 18 and into the water 24. It will be noted that absorption, desorption and condensation all take place directly in rthe same chamber 12A, with no complicated valves separating these phases. Although the thermal barrier 18 allows water vapour to pass
(through the apertures 34, and water to drain through the drain 36, because of its construction, it provides a barrier to heat moving from the adsorption chamber 12A into the evaporation sub-chamber 12B, during the day. Thus, during the day, when the adsorption sub-chamber 12A, and the zeolite 28, contained therein, is heated, this heat is not readily transferred to the evaporation sub-chamber 12B, and thus ultimately not easily transferred to the cooling chamber 14. During the day, the temperature within the cooling chamber 14 remains fairly constant' due to the insulation of the chamber
14. Tol enhance the thermal isolation of the cooling chamber 14, it is advantageous to line the interior, and the aluminium fins 22 with a material that has a high heat capacity, for example a gel which is contained within a suitable plastic container. At night, when the zeolite cools, the zeolite adsorbs water and the cooling process resumes.
If necessary, a shutter can be attached to the refrigeration unit 10, which can be used to block out solar rays during the day. Such a system could be automated, and connected to a thermostat within the adsorption sub- chamber 12A, which sends a signal to the automated system and causes Ithe shutter to close when it becomes too hot in this chamber. Referring to Figure1 2, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a solar collector is provided within the adsorption sub-chamber 12A. In this embodiment the zeolite 28 is formed into a cone shape and painted a dark colour, preferably black. The shaped zeolite 28 is mounted on a black (heat absorbing) mounting 38 within the adsorption sub-chamber 12A, and [reflectors 40 are mounted within the adsorption sub-chamber 12A. The dark colour of the zeolite 28 and heat absorbing mounting 38 help to heat the zeolite 28. The reflective surfaces 40 may be parabolic or
Figure imgf000008_0001
In a further embodiment of the invention (not illustrated in the drawings), the adsorption sub-chamber 12A can be located remote from, but still in communication with, the evaporation sub-chamber 12B. For example, the evaporation sub-chamber 12B can form part of a refrigerator in a home, and the adsorption sub-chamber 12A located on the roof of the home. It is envisaged that the two sub-chambers will be connected (i.e. brought into communication) by at least one tube. The tube will be for allowing the diffusion of water vapour from the evaporation sub-chamber 12B to the adsorption sub-chamber 12A, and also allows the flow of condensed water from the adsorption sub-chamber 12A to the evaporation sub-chamber 12B.
It will be seen from the above that the refrigeration device according to the invention does not require complicated valve mechanisms and thus is less complex than the device in the prior art which means it is less expensive to produce, and easier to operate. A further advantage of the device of the preferred embodiment of the invention is that solar reflective surfaces are mounted within the adsorption sub-chamber. This means that it is not necessary to have separate mirrors which have to mounted outside the unit and which may easily be broken during transport or use. Thus, the device of the invention is particularly suitable for transport to and use in rural areas.

Claims

ICLAIMS
1 . Λ refrigeration unit including a sealed refrigeration chamber, the
! refrigeration chamber including:
an adsorption sub-chamber containing an adsorbent material, the adsorption sub-chamber having a transparent wall or top for allowing solar rays to enter the adsorption sub-chamber for heating the adsorbent material in the adsorption sub-chamber, and a condensation surface within the absorption sub-chamber to allow condensation to take place directly within the absorption sub- chamber; and
an evaporation sub-chamber, containing a liquid, which is in communication with the adsorption sub-chamber, so that liquid vapour may diffuse from the evaporation sub-chamber to the adsorption sub-chamber.
A refrigeration unit according to claim 1 , wherein the evaporation sub-chamber is in thermal communication with an area that needs to be cooled.
J3. A refrigeration unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the adsorption sub-chamber includes a transparent inclined top which allows solar rays to enter the adsorption sub-chamber, and which also provides a condensation surface.
4. A refrigeration unit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the refrigeration chamber is under a vacuum.
5.
Figure imgf000010_0001
chamber, the thermal barrier including apertures for allowing vapour to diffuse from the evaporation sub-chamber to the adsorption sub- chamber.
β. A refrigeration unit according to claim 5, wherein the thermal barrier also includes a drain for allowing condensed liquid to drain from the adsorption sub-chamber into the liquid in the evaporation sub- chamber.
17. A refrigeration unit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the refrigeration chamber is, in use, located above a cold storage compartment of a refrigerator.
8. A refrigeration unit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one reflective surface is provided within the adsorption sub-chamber, for directing solar rays onto the adsorbent material within the sub-chamber.
9. A refrigeration unit according to any one of the preceding claims, _ wherein the adsorbent material is zeolite.
10. A refrigeration unit according to any one of the preceding claims, 1 wherein the liquid is water.
11. A refrigeration unit according to claim 10, wherein the water contains a salt.
PCT/IB2002/003035 2001-08-03 2002-08-05 Refrigeration unit WO2003014636A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
APAP/P/2004/002992A AP2004002992A0 (en) 2001-08-03 2002-08-05 Refrigeration Unit

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA2001/6399 2001-08-03
ZA200106399 2001-08-03
ZA200203613 2002-05-07
ZA2002/3613 2002-05-07

Publications (1)

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WO2003014636A1 true WO2003014636A1 (en) 2003-02-20

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4231772A (en) * 1978-10-10 1980-11-04 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Solar powered heat pump construction
DE3445787A1 (en) * 1984-12-11 1985-05-30 Matthias 1000 Berlin Rosen Heat exchanger surface
US4531384A (en) 1982-07-22 1985-07-30 Jeumont-Schneider Corporation Solar-powered refrigeration unit
US4686836A (en) * 1984-12-06 1987-08-18 Jeumont-Schneider Corporation Thermal energy collector and system including a collector of this kind
US4924676A (en) * 1985-06-14 1990-05-15 Maier Laxhuber Peter Adsorption cooler
US5237827A (en) * 1974-11-04 1993-08-24 Tchernev Dimiter I Apparatus for cyclic production of thermal energy by plural adsorption stations and methods

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5237827A (en) * 1974-11-04 1993-08-24 Tchernev Dimiter I Apparatus for cyclic production of thermal energy by plural adsorption stations and methods
US4231772A (en) * 1978-10-10 1980-11-04 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Solar powered heat pump construction
US4531384A (en) 1982-07-22 1985-07-30 Jeumont-Schneider Corporation Solar-powered refrigeration unit
US4686836A (en) * 1984-12-06 1987-08-18 Jeumont-Schneider Corporation Thermal energy collector and system including a collector of this kind
DE3445787A1 (en) * 1984-12-11 1985-05-30 Matthias 1000 Berlin Rosen Heat exchanger surface
US4924676A (en) * 1985-06-14 1990-05-15 Maier Laxhuber Peter Adsorption cooler

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BOUBAKRI A ET AL: "Adsorptive solar powered ice maker: experiments and model", SOLAR ENERGY, PERGAMON PRESS. OXFORD, GB, vol. 69, no. 3, 2000, pages 249 - 263, XP004216400, ISSN: 0038-092X *

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