WO2003005506A1 - Element de couplage optique actif - Google Patents
Element de couplage optique actif Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003005506A1 WO2003005506A1 PCT/FR2002/002122 FR0202122W WO03005506A1 WO 2003005506 A1 WO2003005506 A1 WO 2003005506A1 FR 0202122 W FR0202122 W FR 0202122W WO 03005506 A1 WO03005506 A1 WO 03005506A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coupling element
- source
- optical
- active
- light signal
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12166—Manufacturing methods
- G02B2006/12195—Tapering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
- G02B6/4206—Optical features
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4249—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details comprising arrays of active devices and fibres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/0602—Crystal lasers or glass lasers
- H01S3/0604—Crystal lasers or glass lasers in the form of a plate or disc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/0627—Construction or shape of active medium the resonator being monolithic, e.g. microlaser
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/0632—Thin film lasers in which light propagates in the plane of the thin film
- H01S3/0637—Integrated lateral waveguide, e.g. the active waveguide is integrated on a substrate made by Si on insulator technology (Si/SiO2)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
- H01S3/2308—Amplifier arrangements, e.g. MOPA
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
- H01S3/2383—Parallel arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an active coupling element for coupling a light signal to a waveguide optical component as well as an optical structure using such an element.
- optical component is understood to mean both an all-optical component and an optoelectronic component, or generally any component comprising at least one optical input.
- a waveguide component is a component comprising at least one input waveguide, this waveguide can be a planar guide, a lateral confinement guide called a microguide or even an optical fiber.
- These optical components can also be produced in integrated optics.
- III-V semiconductor guides on InP the lithium niobate guides, the silica guides on silicon or the guides produced on glass by ion exchange or by layer deposition.
- the invention allows the coupling of any light signal to an optical component.
- This light signal may be a signal carrying information or a light source of energy also called an optical pump produced for example by a laser or a laser diode.
- the invention applies to the optical coupling of numerous components and very particularly to optical components using optical pumping such as optical waveguide amplifiers, spectrum inverters or even optical frequency converters, used for example in optical communications networks such as multicolored optical networks DWDM (dense wavelength division multiplexing, in English terminology) also called wavelength multiplex networks, and OTM (optical time division multiplexing) also called time multiplexing optical.
- DWDM dense wavelength division multiplexing, in English terminology
- OTM optical time division multiplexing
- the invention thus finds applications both in the field of transfer systems and that of the processing of optical signals.
- Direct coupling consists in directly coupling the light signal coming for example from a light source such as a laser or a laser diode on the input guide of the component, without coupling element.
- Coupling by a passive element consists in interposing said element between the source and the input guide of the component.
- This passive coupling element is for example a collimation optic (produced in particular by a lens or a set of lenses capable of focusing the optical beam of the source in the waveguide of the component) or also an optical fiber (which makes it possible to connect by mechanical means such as ferrules, source, component waveguide).
- FIG. 1 represents an example of a conventional embodiment of an optical structure comprising a coupling element 1, for example a lens, making it possible to couple a light source 3 to an optical component 5 with waveguide, for example an optical amplifier.
- a coupling element 1 for example a lens
- the amplifier comprises 2 input waveguides 7 and 9 of microguide type which meet in an output waveguide 11 also of microguide type.
- the source 3 is optically connected to the coupling element 1, itself optically connected to the input of the waveguide 7. Furthermore, a component 13 emitting an optical signal 15 to be amplified by said amplifier 5 is optically connected to the input of waveguide 9.
- the signal 15 is amplified in the amplifier 5 via the light wave coming from the pump source 3, coupled in the guide 7 via the coupler 1 and mixed with the signal 15, in the guide. 11.
- the amplified optical signal 17 then leaves the amplifier through the output guide 11.
- the light source 3 constitutes an energy source for the amplifier.
- the wavelength spectrum of the signal is adapted to the wavelength spectrum of the component.
- the emission spectrum of the signal must correspond to the spectrum of the component (in particular the absorption spectrum in the case of an amplifier, in order that the coupled power is practically completely absorbed and contributes to bringing energy to the component).
- the spatial mode structure of the signal must be as suitable as possible for the input guide of the component for effective coupling, in other words, it is necessary that most of the light wave of the signal is coupled in said guide.
- the adaptation of the signal spectrum the current components in particular in the field of telecommunications, such as for example components requiring a light energy source such as amplifiers (which generally have a spectrum in the spectral bands located around 1550 nm, typically between 1528 and 1620 nm and more generally between 1200 and 1700 nm) must be pumped to lengths wave which a large part is not accessible or is difficult to access by known laser diodes, and therefore requires the use of either bulky and expensive bulky solid lasers, or very complex lasers.
- a light energy source such as amplifiers (which generally have a spectrum in the spectral bands located around 1550 nm, typically between 1528 and 1620 nm and more generally between 1200 and 1700 nm) must be pumped to lengths wave which a large part is not accessible or is difficult to access by known laser diodes, and therefore requires the use of either bulky and expensive bulky solid lasers, or very complex lasers.
- the guides of the optical component are generally single-mode or have only a few modes.
- this signal is essential that this signal be single-mode or have very good optical beam quality.
- Good beam optical quality is understood to mean a beam comprising few modes, that is to say close to the diffraction limit.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a coupling element which is active, this element making it possible to couple a light signal, to an optical component with waveguide, this element does not not presenting the limitations and difficulties of the structures mentioned above.
- An object of the invention is in particular to propose an active coupling element making it possible to adapt the wavelength (s) of the light signal, to the spectrum of the optical component.
- the invention thus makes it possible in particular to access new wavelength fields necessary in particular for the development of multicolored telecommunications networks.
- Another object of the invention is also to propose an active coupling element making it possible to adapt the spatial mode or modes of the light signal to the mode or to the few modes of the guide of the component.
- Another object of the invention is also to propose a structure using an active coupling element, coupling a light signal to a waveguide component, which can be compact, of reduced cost and of improved performance.
- the invention provides an active coupling element making it possible to couple a light signal having a first range of wavelengths, to an optical component comprising at least one input waveguide associated with a second range. wavelength, this active coupling element being able to receive the light signal and to emit a light wave in a third range of wavelengths included at least partially in said second range.
- wavelength range is understood to mean a set of one to several wavelengths.
- the coupling element is further capable of emitting the light wave according to a mode profile adapted to the profile of the mode of the input waveguide.
- the profile of the input waveguide mode is generally single mode or weakly multimode.
- the coupling element makes it possible, when the light signal is multimode, to reduce the number of modes entering the waveguide of the component.
- the active coupling element is formed by a laser cavity and generally comprises a laser material doped with active ions, interposed between a first and a second reflection element such as mirrors.
- the first reflection element receives the light signal and the second reflection element transmits the light wave, said first reflection element being able to transmit the light signal and to reflect the light wave.
- this second reflection element is further capable of reflecting the light signal.
- At least one of the first or second reflection elements is a network of micro-mirrors and makes it possible to produce a network of laser micro-cavities.
- reflection is meant a reflection (respectively a transmission) which is important but which does not necessarily correspond to a total reflection (respectively a transmission).
- the laser material is chosen from the following materials, taken alone or in combination:
- oxide materials such as YAG (Y 3 A1 5 0 12 ) or YV0 4 or YAP (YA10 3 ), ...
- fluoride materials such as YLF (YLiF 4 ) or CaF 2 or LaF 3 ,.
- Talde materials such as YLF (YLiF 4 ) or CaF 2 or LaF 3 ,.
- fluoride materials such as YLF (YLiF 4 ) or CaF 2 or LaF 3 ,.
- parde materials based on phosphates or silicates or tungstates or molybdates or vanadates or beryllates
- the laser material is further doped with ions which are the active elements allowing the emission of the light wave by laser effect.
- ions which are the active elements allowing the emission of the light wave by laser effect.
- the ions used are chosen from the following ions taken alone or in combination:
- transition metals Cr 3+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Ti 3+ , V 2+ , ...
- a laser material doped or codoped with rare earth ions is used. This coding makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the laser.
- the list of laser materials and dopants mentioned above is of course not exhaustive and is given only by way of example. Other examples can be found in the literature of lasers which can be used in the invention.
- the mirrors located on either side of the laser material are formed respectively by a deposition of dielectric multilayers such as for example alternating layers of Si0 2 and Ti0 2 .
- the subject of the invention is also an optical structure comprising:
- the optical component can be both a passive component and an active component.
- the waveguide has a funnel or "tap" shape in English terminology at the input, to improve the adaptation of the light wave to the profile of the guided mode of the input guide.
- the structure comprises a first collimation element disposed between the source and the coupling element.
- a second collimating element is disposed between the coupling element and the waveguide.
- the coupling element is disposed directly at the entrance to the waveguide.
- said source is a pump source such as a laser diode and the light signal emitted by said source, conveying optical energy for the component.
- said source is an optical element (such as a modulated laser diode, the output of an amplifier, etc.) and the light signal emitted by said source, for example conveys optical information.
- an optical element such as a modulated laser diode, the output of an amplifier, etc.
- the optical component may have other optical inputs possibly receiving other optical signals via optionally respectively via an active coupling element according to the invention.
- the structure comprises:
- a first source formed by a pump source capable of emitting a first light signal
- a second source formed by an optical element capable of emitting a second light signal
- an optical component comprising at least a first input waveguide and at least a second input waveguide, a first active coupling element disposed between the first source and the first guide, capable of receiving the first light signal and of emitting a first light wave and
- a second active coupling element disposed between the second source and the second guide, capable of receiving the second light signal and of emitting a second light wave.
- the second active coupling element is advantageously used when the optical signal from the second source has particular power characteristics such as the second active coupling element can use this signal to emit a light wave.
- the component is an active component which makes it possible to interact on the second light signal emitted by the optical element by virtue of the contribution of light energy provided by the first light signal coming from the pump source.
- This active component may be an optical amplifier, a spectrum invertor, an optical frequency converter, etc.
- the structure comprises:
- nxm sources - a matrix of nxm sources
- an optical component comprising at least nxm input waveguides - a matrix of nxm active coupling elements arranged between the source matrix and the nxm guides
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a coupling according to the prior art between an amplifier type component and a pump source
- FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective representation of an active coupling element according to the invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the principle of a structure using a coupling element according to the invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the principle of another structure using a coupling element according to the invention
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a first alternative embodiment of the structure of FIG. 3,
- FIG. 6 diagrammatically represents the variant embodiment of FIG. 5, applied to a matrix structure
- FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a second variant embodiment of the structure of FIG. 3, and
- Figure 8 shows schematically the alternative embodiment of Figure 7 applied to a matrix structure.
- Figure 2 is a schematic perspective representation of an embodiment of an active coupling element 20 according to the invention.
- This active coupling element makes it possible, as we saw previously, to receive a light signal 21 having a given wavelength range and to couple it to the input of an optical component (not shown) comprising at least one guide. input wavelength associated with another wavelength range.
- the element 20 is therefore able to receive on an input the light signal 21 and to emit a light wave 23 in a range of wavelengths included at least partially in that usable by the waveguide.
- the coupling element When the signal 21 is multimode, the coupling element also advantageously makes it possible to transform said signal into a light wave 23 of mode profile adapted to the profile of the mode of the input waveguide of the component, this profile generally being monomode or weakly multimode.
- the coupling element therefore makes it possible, when the signal 21 is multimode, to reduce the number of modes entering the component's waveguide.
- the active coupling element is advantageously a laser cavity and comprises a laser material 25 doped with active ions.
- First and second reflection elements such as mirrors 27, 29 are arranged on two of the walls of the material. In this example, the two walls concerned are walls parallel to each other.
- the mirror 27 receives the light signal 21, it is able to transmit this light signal to the laser material 25 and to reflect the light wave 23 created by the laser cavity; the mirror 29 for its part reflects and at least partially transmits the light wave 23 and preferably it is capable of reflecting the signal 21.
- the laser material is a parallelepiped of section lxl mm 2 and thickness ranging from 100 ⁇ m to 1 mm; this laser material is for example phosphate glass doped with rare earth ions such as Er 3+ or codoped with rare earth ions such as Er 3+ and Yb 3+ , this coding making it possible to improve the efficiency of the laser .
- the concentration of ions is, for example, of the type used in known lasers.
- the mirrors are deposited directly on two of the parallel faces of the laser material 25.
- said faces are previously polished.
- these mirrors are produced by depositing dielectric multilayers, formed by evaporation or by spraying, using conventional techniques.
- These multilayers are, for example, alternating layers of Si0 2 and Ti0 2 forming a set of a few tens of layers (approximately 20 to 30).
- the total thickness of the Si0 2 and Ti0 2 multilayers is approximately 4 to 6 ⁇ m. This example is of course given for information only, other materials can be used to form the mirrors, and the thicknesses of these multi-layers can reach several tens of ⁇ m.
- each layer and the number of layers are such that the stack obtained makes it possible to obtain the reflectivity and transmission spectra suitable for the corresponding mirror.
- a multimode light signal 21 focused on the mirror 27 with a diameter of 100 to 150 ⁇ m and a wavelength ⁇ i of approximately 975 nm makes it possible to create a light wave 23 single mode wavelength ⁇ 2 of approximately 1550 nm, transmitted by the mirror 29 with a small divergence (approximately 10 rad).
- the input mirror 27 has for ⁇ i a high transmission (> 90% approximately) and for ⁇ 2 a high reflectivity (> 90% approximately).
- the output mirror 29 has for ⁇ 2 a transmission of approximately 1 to 20% and for ⁇ i, it advantageously has a high reflectivity (> approximately 90%) so that the power of signal 21 which is not absorbed during the first passage through the laser material is reflected by the mirror 29 and can be absorbed during the following passages in said material.
- the mirrors 27, 29 are arranged directly on the laser material 25.
- one or both mirrors are produced beforehand on a starting substrate (for example glass), the mirror or mirrors provided respectively of their substrate are then assembled with the laser material 25 for example by an appropriate bonding or by a mechanical assembly so that the mirrors are brought into contact with the laser material.
- the mirrors 27, 29 are plane mirrors, of course other types of mirrors can be used for the mirror 27 and / or 29 such as for example concave mirrors or microphone arrays -Mirrors.
- the concave mirror advantageously has a radius of curvature R greater than the length L of the cavity.
- R radius of curvature
- an R value will be chosen approximately between 0.5 to 10 mm and the diameter of the concave mirror will be greater than approximately 100 ⁇ m.
- the concave mirror can be produced by conventional means either directly on the face of the laser material (for example by photolithography and ion etching), or produced on another substrate and attached by assembly to the flat face of the laser material.
- each micromirror will preferably have a diameter between 50 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m and for example 100 ⁇ m.
- the micro-mirror network can be produced by known means, either directly on the face of the laser material (for example by photolithography and ion etching), or produced on another substrate and added by assembly on the flat face of the laser material.
- the wavelength ⁇ 2 of the wave 23 emitted by the active coupling element depends mainly on the choice of the dopant but varies a little according to the choice of the laser material.
- ⁇ 2 For a laser material YAG or YV0 4 or other oxides doped with Nd ions, ⁇ 2 will be respectively around 1.06 ⁇ m, 0.95 ⁇ m, or 1.35 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ 2 will be around 1.05 ⁇ m to 1.3 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ 2 For a laser material of the phosphate or silicate glass type doped Er or codoped Er and Yb, ⁇ 2 will be around 1.5 ⁇ m and will be particularly well suited to the range of wavelengths of the amplifier type components known under the names EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier) or EDWA (Erbium Doped Waveguide Amplifier) which use the same active ions and the same materials.
- the wavelength ⁇ x of the initial signal 21 will be chosen as far as possible and in particular when this signal comes from a laser source so as to correspond at least partially to the absorption band of the dopant of the laser material. For example:
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a basic structure using an active coupling element according to the invention.
- This optical structure comprises a source 31 capable of emitting the light signal 21, an optical component 33 comprising at least one input waveguide 35, and an active coupling element 20 as described above, interposed between the source and the input waveguide.
- the source is either a pump source such as a laser diode, the light signal 21 emitted by said source then conveys optical energy for the component, or an optical element (such as a modulated laser diode or an output of an amplifier) and the light signal emitted by said source, then for example conveys optical information.
- a pump source such as a laser diode
- the light signal 21 emitted by said source then conveys optical energy for the component
- an optical element such as a modulated laser diode or an output of an amplifier
- the optical component can be either a passive component or an active component. It can of course have other optical inputs (not shown) possibly receiving other optical signals via optionally respectively active coupling element according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates another basic structure using one or more active coupling elements according to the invention.
- This structure comprises a first source 41 formed by a pump source, a second source 43 formed by an optical element, capable of emitting a light signal, an optical component 45 such as an optical amplifier comprising a first waveguide of input 47 and a second input waveguide 49.
- a first active coupling element 20a is arranged between the source 41 and the input guide 47, and possibly a second active coupling element 20b is disposed between source 43 and input guide 49.
- the second active coupling element is advantageously used when the optical signal from the second source has characteristics in particular of power such that the second active coupling element can use this signal to emit a light wave.
- the component is an active component which makes it possible to interact on the light signal emitted by the optical element thanks to the contribution of light energy brought by the light signal coming from the pump source.
- This active component can be an optical amplifier, a spectrum invertor, an optical frequency converter, etc.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a first alternative embodiment of the structure of Figure 3 in a section containing the input guide 35.
- the source 31 is a source of the single ribbon laser diode type.
- this structure comprises a collimation element 51 disposed between the source 31 and the active coupling element 20 and a collimation element 53 disposed between the coupling element and the waveguide 35.
- the waveguide has at the input a funnel shape corresponding to a tap 36 to improve the adaptation of the light wave 23 to the profile of the guided mode or modes, of the input guide.
- the light wave arriving at the entrance to the guide is such that tapping it is not necessary.
- this typing is not necessary, when the collimating element 53 is chosen to properly focus the light wave 23, in the input guide 35.
- This principle of structure may be generalized to a matrix, as represented figure 6. To simplify the description, this figure illustrates a unidirectional matrix (in other words a matrix with a line or barette).
- a strip 60 of four sources capable of respectively emitting a light signal 61, 62, 63, 64 of the same wavelength or of different wavelengths.
- Each of these signals passes through a collimating element 65 produced for example by a strip of four micro-lenses, then a strip • 67 of four active coupling elements according to the invention which emits four light waves 71, 72, 73, 74 singlemode or little multimode respectively at wavelengths compatible with four guides of 'inputs 81, 82, 83, 84 of the same component 90 or of different components.
- a second collimation element 69 produced for example by a strip of four micro-lenses is arranged on the path of the light waves between the strip of coupling elements and the entry of the guides.
- the strip 67 of active elements is produced either by four individual active elements placed end to end, each of these elements being capable of receiving one of the signals and of emitting a light wave, or by a single structure of dimensions suitable to be equivalent to four superimposed zones, each zone corresponding to an active element and is capable of receiving one of the signals and of emitting a light wave.
- the active coupling element 20 is arranged directly at the entrance to the waveguide 35 by all the conventional assembly techniques and for example by gluing; this embodiment does not use a second collimation element.
- the light wave emitted by the coupling element is generally not very divergent (the diameter of this wave can typically range from 50 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m for a laser cavity such as that described with reference to FIG. 3), it is directly coupled in the guide.
- This coupling is favored by the presence of a type 36 preferably of diameter at least of the same order of magnitude as that of the light wave.
- FIG. 8 schematically represents the variant embodiment of FIG. 7 applied to a matrix structure, which is in the case shown unidirectional as in the example of FIG. 6.
- an amplifier for example an amplifier in integrated optics on glass such as that known under the name EDWA, produced on phosphate glasses doped Er, for the amplification of telecommunications signals around 1.5 ⁇ m, and comprising an input guide (singlemode or having a few modes) of typical diameter a few ⁇ m
- an active coupling element for example a planar laser cavity plane as described in FIG. 2, emitting a wavelength ranging from approximately 1530 nm to 1550 nm and a source such as a wide ribbon pump laser diode (ribbon width 50-250 ⁇ m, typically 100 ⁇ m) and very transverse multimode.
- This type of source emits for example at 975-980 nm and has a high power, between 100 mW and several watts, and typically from 500 mW to 1 W.
- the beam emitted by such a source is multimode (several hundred transverse modes) and very divergent (30-40 degrees of half angle), it is then focused according to the invention using the first collimation means (for example a gradient index lens) on the entry face of the laser cavity which then absorbs the power of the laser diode and emits a laser beam at a longer wavelength (for example 1550 nm), transverse momomode TEM 00 close to the quality of a perfect Gaussian beam limited by diffraction or with only a few transverse modes (TEM mn with m and n ⁇ 5).
- the first collimation means for example a gradient index lens
- the beam emitted by the coupling element is moreover very little diverging, with a typical divergence between 5-25 mrad (that is to say a half angle of 0.3 to 1.5 degrees). It can be focused very easily on a small task (a few ⁇ m in diameter), by the second collimation means, for example with a mini-lens, so as to be coupled very effectively
- a high power, but very poor quality (multimode and divergent) pump beam is transformed into an almost perfect beam (single mode or in some modes, very little divergent), which allows very efficient coupling in the single mode guide or weakly multi-mode of the waveguide component.
- an amplifier in integrated optics produced on Tm 3+ doped materials, such as for example in amplifiers of the TDFA (Thullium Doped Fiber Amplifier) type, using for example fluoride materials, for the amplification of telecommunications signals in the S band between 1450 nm and 1520 nm, and comprising an input guide (single mode or having some modes) of typical diameter a few ⁇ m, one can choose an element active coupling, for example a plane-plane laser cavity as described in FIG.
- Tm 3+ doped materials such as for example in amplifiers of the TDFA (Thullium Doped Fiber Amplifier) type, using for example fluoride materials, for the amplification of telecommunications signals in the S band between 1450 nm and 1520 nm, and comprising an input guide (single mode or having some modes) of typical diameter a few ⁇ m
- an element active coupling for example a plane-plane laser cavity as described in FIG.
- a source such as a wide ribbon pump laser diode ( tape width 50-250 ⁇ m, typical 100 ⁇ m) and very multimode transverse.
- This type of source emits for example around 800 nm and has a high power, between 100 mW and several watts, and typically from 500 mW to 1 W.
- the beam emitted by such a source is multimode (several hundred transverse modes) and very divergent (30-40 degrees of half angle).
- the first collimating means for example a gradient index lens
- the second collimation means for example with a mini-lens, so as to be coupled very effectively
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/481,450 US20050180484A1 (en) | 2001-06-21 | 2002-06-19 | Active optical coupling element |
EP02747538A EP1397850A1 (fr) | 2001-06-21 | 2002-06-19 | Element de couplage optique actif |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0108220A FR2826458B1 (fr) | 2001-06-21 | 2001-06-21 | Element de couplage actif permettant de coupler un signal lumineux a un composant optique a guide d'onde et structure optique utilisant un tel element |
FR01/08220 | 2001-06-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003005506A1 true WO2003005506A1 (fr) | 2003-01-16 |
Family
ID=8864631
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2002/002122 WO2003005506A1 (fr) | 2001-06-21 | 2002-06-19 | Element de couplage optique actif |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050180484A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1397850A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2826458B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003005506A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
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JP6771442B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-20 | 2020-10-21 | 株式会社東芝 | 光学素子 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0802592A2 (fr) * | 1996-04-16 | 1997-10-22 | HE HOLDINGS, INC. dba HUGHES ELECTRONICS | Système amplificateur-laser à haute puissance à fibre optique |
WO2000041278A1 (fr) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-07-13 | Corning Incorporated | Pompe guide d'onde optique a laser solide/semi-conducteur et procede associe |
EP1030416A2 (fr) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-08-23 | Nec Corporation | Amplificateur laser et oscillateur laser |
US6167075A (en) * | 1996-07-09 | 2000-12-26 | Sdl, Inc. | High power, reliable optical fiber pumping system with high redundancy for use in lightwave communication systems |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4011403A (en) * | 1976-03-30 | 1977-03-08 | Northwestern University | Fiber optic laser illuminators |
JP3292729B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-26 | 2002-06-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 光ファイバ形光増幅装置 |
US6625182B1 (en) * | 2000-04-20 | 2003-09-23 | Corning Incorporated | Semiconductor or solid-state laser having an external fiber cavity |
-
2001
- 2001-06-21 FR FR0108220A patent/FR2826458B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-06-19 US US10/481,450 patent/US20050180484A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-19 WO PCT/FR2002/002122 patent/WO2003005506A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-06-19 EP EP02747538A patent/EP1397850A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0802592A2 (fr) * | 1996-04-16 | 1997-10-22 | HE HOLDINGS, INC. dba HUGHES ELECTRONICS | Système amplificateur-laser à haute puissance à fibre optique |
US6167075A (en) * | 1996-07-09 | 2000-12-26 | Sdl, Inc. | High power, reliable optical fiber pumping system with high redundancy for use in lightwave communication systems |
WO2000041278A1 (fr) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-07-13 | Corning Incorporated | Pompe guide d'onde optique a laser solide/semi-conducteur et procede associe |
EP1030416A2 (fr) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-08-23 | Nec Corporation | Amplificateur laser et oscillateur laser |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
CHOI B H ET AL: "Characteristics of long-wavelength-band EDFA pumped by 1.53 mu m band", CONFERENCE DIGEST. 2000 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE (CAT. NO.00TH8505), CONFERENCE DIGEST. 2000 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE, NICE, FRANCE, 10-15 SEPT. 2000, 2000, Piscataway, NJ, USA, IEEE, USA, pages 1 pp., XP002192799, ISBN: 0-7803-6319-1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1397850A1 (fr) | 2004-03-17 |
FR2826458A1 (fr) | 2002-12-27 |
FR2826458B1 (fr) | 2003-10-03 |
US20050180484A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
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