WO2002100780A1 - Purificateur d'eau portable - Google Patents

Purificateur d'eau portable Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2002100780A1
WO2002100780A1 PCT/GB2002/002531 GB0202531W WO02100780A1 WO 2002100780 A1 WO2002100780 A1 WO 2002100780A1 GB 0202531 W GB0202531 W GB 0202531W WO 02100780 A1 WO02100780 A1 WO 02100780A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
filter
tube
unit according
purifier
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2002/002531
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lee Hatherell
Original Assignee
Brunel University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brunel University filed Critical Brunel University
Publication of WO2002100780A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002100780A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C02F1/325—Irradiation devices or lamp constructions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F9/20—Portable or detachable small-scale multistage treatment devices, e.g. point of use or laboratory water purification systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a water purifier.
  • Filtration is a method of removing particle down to a certain size from the water using a sieve like filter that catches any particles above a certain size.
  • the most successful of these is the ceramic filter, with a pore size of 0.5 micron.
  • a purifier however by definition needs to remove or inactivate all harmful pathogens and particles in the water.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a portable water purifier.
  • a portable water purification unit including filtration means and an ultraviolet purifier.
  • the filtration means is preferably a ceramic filter.
  • the unit includes a power supply which may include a battery one or more solar panels or other supply.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of portable water purifier
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of circuit for joining solar panels of the purifier to a 12 volt supply
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment of sensing circuit
  • Figure 4 shows an embodiment of combined charging and sensing circuit
  • Figures 5a and 5b show, respectively, longitudinal and axial cross-sections of an example of prototype chamber
  • FIGS. 6 to 10 show details of the preferred embodiment of canister.
  • the described embodiment is in the form of an easily portable unit formed of a ceramic filter and a UV purification element.
  • a power supply in the form of a battery or solar panel is provided, although other forms of power supply could be used such as a lead to an external battery from a car or the like.
  • a 0.5 micrometre ceramic filter 10 was used. This is in the form of a hollow ceramic candle which is 250 mm in length and is of the type mainly used in gravity filters and can filter over 1 litre of water per minute, depending on the pressure applied.
  • the filter works by forcing water in through the candle walls, which sieve out any debris, then allowing the water to pour from a nozzle in filter cap 12, where it can be collected to be used.
  • the filter surface will collect the debris as it forms a wall against any objects over 0.5 micrometres, this can be cleaned off when the build up starts to reduce the flow.
  • the filter cap 12 can be formed from ABS by injection moulding, attached to the ceramic candle 10 by a silicon adhesive.
  • a sealing nylon nut 16 and latex washer 14 are also provided.
  • UVC tube chosen for this embodiment was a 4 watt tube with a length of 152 mm
  • a power source is a 3.6v 4 All Ni-Cad battery pack, which is charged from the mains. Once the mains fails the circuit activates, taking the 3.6v through a signal generator which coverts the DC to AC, after which the voltage is raised by a transformer to 240v. This then powers the tube.
  • An alternative might be a 6v battery pack (produced, for example, by 4 x AA type batteries).
  • the power supply preferably works in the same way as the first circuit, taking the DC voltage from the batteries, converting it to an AC signal, then inverting up to 240v.
  • the circuit needs only one transformer, which allows the 6v to be increased to a suitable voltage for striking the tube. Also the transformer can be substantially smaller to drive the tube only at 2 Watts.
  • Such a circuit is of a more convenient size for a portable product.
  • An alternative is solar panels. There are many different varieties of solar panel available, the preferred would have the following criteria: a) be highly portable, lightweight, small; b) posses a long service life in mixed conditions; c) provide a current suitable for trickle charging the batteries.
  • the skilled person will be able to chose the appropriate solar panel for the system.
  • the preferred types are flexible panels which can be wrapped around the product, forming an unobtrusive solution.
  • the panels can also be cast into the product using a transparent polymer, making them part of the product and protected from any damage. A service for this is offered by Photon Technologies, USA.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of circuit for joining solar panel(s) to a cigarette lighter socket to produce one voltage to charge the batteries with.
  • the 12v input is supplied by a car charger (shown on the left of the circuit), with ground also being supplied from the car.
  • P3 and P4 are the terminals to which the solar panels are attached, note the diode preventing the current flowing back into the solar panel when it gets dark.
  • it is preferable to try to save as much energy as possible. It therefore provides a method of automatically striking the tube when it is needed then shutting it down when purifying is finished. As the tube is not visible to the eye it is extremely easy to leave it running, the user cannot be relied upon to operate it efficiently, leaving it running constantly, resulting in the tube not striking when it is needed.
  • One option is actually to prevent the purifier from being used when the tube does not strike, disabling the filter so the user would be in no danger of consuming contaminated water.
  • a preferred method is to control the striking and shutdown of the tube itself, then reassuring the user that the tube is working.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of sensing circuit.
  • the terminals PI and P2 are connected to stainless steel wires, which are placed where they will be submersed when water enters the purifier. The water will allow enough voltage to pass between the wires to trigger the transistors; in turn they switch the relay, which starts the driver circuit. When the water subsides and the stainless steel wires are exposed, the connection is broken and the tube is shut down.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a circuit incorporating both charging and sensing features. The structure of this circuit will be readily apparent to the skilled person so is not described in detail.
  • sealed lead acid Ni-Cad, Ni-Mh and Lithium Ion. All are rechargeable but some can provide several problems.
  • the most reliable battery is the sealed lead acid, possessing no memory and being more suitable to both quick and slow discharge than any other.
  • the lead acid is also the most inexpensive of all the batteries. Yet with a portable product like the purifier, weight must be considered, as the lead in the batteries is both bulky and extremely heavy. Lead acid batteries are therefore more suited to stationaiy products.
  • Ni-Cad batteries are very small but are fraught with functional and environmental issues.
  • the Ni-Cad battery has a strong memory and is only suited to products that will be completely discharged then fully recharged at the appropriate current and voltage. If this does not happen the Ni-Cad will lose its ability to store electricity. With a product that is to be trickle charged Ni-Cads are not appropriate.
  • the Cadmium used to produce the Ni-Cads is highly toxic, with movements in the EU to have the substance abolished by Ni-Mh batteries are also very small (you can get far more charge for the same size battery). Unlike the Ni-Cad batteries they posses little memory and their components are not toxic.
  • Ni-Mh batteries are expensive, but the same charge can be held in a small Ni-Mh cell as a larger and heavier sealed lead acid battery. Lithium ion batteries are even more efficient than Ni-Mh cells and posses the same memory characteristics. They are however extremely expensive, ruling them out for use in the purifier until their price drops.
  • FIGS 5a and 5b show the main components of the preferred embodiment of prototype chamber in which to house the filter.
  • the chamber includes a water input tube and nozzle 20, a filter chamber 22 (in use substantially full of water), ceramic filter 10, a 4 Watt UV tube 24 located in the filter 10, and an exit tube and nozzle 26.
  • This chamber is water tight and allows water to enter through the inlet nozzle 20, to collect in the chamber 22 surrounding the filter and then to pass through the porous filter 10 and to exit through the exit nozzle 26.
  • the filter 10 is hollow with an inside diameter of 32 mm, the UV tube 24 is situated inside the filter. This also allows the product to be more compact than if the UV tube 24 were in a separate system running after the filter.
  • the base has an extended housing for access to the filter and UV tube.
  • the filter 10 below the surface of the nylon tube resides the filter 10.
  • the chamber 22 thus formed allows approximately 2.5 cm of water to surround the filter 10.
  • the chamber 22 can be made taller to increase the amount of water in the chamber, therefore increasing the pressure.
  • the UV tube 24 is visible as it is housed inside the filter 10.
  • support legs 28 which raise the purifier off a surface upon which it is placed, so that water can readily be collected from the exit tube 26.
  • Figure 9 shows an expanded view of the tap screw 30 and how his pushes each part inside the other until a water tight seal is formed.
  • the UV tube is powered by the drive circuit will all live points being completely insulated from the surrounding water.
  • a wire 32 is soldered onto each end of the tube providing positive and negative supplies. Then, each end of the tube is housed in the aluminium casing, making sure no point of the tube touches the aluminium casing. Encapsulating resin is then poured into the casing to seal the electrical components and to fix the tube in a substantially vertical position.
  • Figure 11 is an annotated diagram showing the principal components of the preferred embodiment.
  • the preferred embodiment houses both electrical and mechanical in a casing that will both be highly durable in its location and simple for the user to operate.
  • the instructions By designing the instructions into the product in the form of simple to understand symbols and diagrams, the instructions will always be with the product where they are needed. By using diagrams and symbols, colour coding areas of the product and repeating the symbols if necessary, anyone in any country will be able to operate the purifier.
  • the preferred system has the purifier suspended from a water sac capable of holding 15 litres of water.
  • the sac once filled will be hung from any head high object, such as a tree, from where the water will pass through the purifier, out the exit tube into any vessel the user wishes to collect it in.
  • the water sac has three purposes: a) to hold water to be purified, b) to store the purifier in when not being used, and c) to provide the instructions to the user, which will be printed on its material.
  • the sac will be completely reversible so that when not in use, it can be turned inside out to house the purifier, providing further protection to the product. This is also an advantage with transportation and storage as a collapsible sac takes up far less space than a rigid container.
  • the preferred embodiment uses a combination of filtration and Ultra Violet disinfection to remove debris and kill all pathogens in the water.
  • the UV tube is inside the ceramic filter where it destroys any water borne viruses that penetrate the ceramic filter.
  • the product is totally self sustainable, using solar panels to trickle charge a 2600 mAh Ni-Cad battery, which in turn drives the UV tube.
  • Filtration is supplied by a ceramic filter made from diamotinous clay with a pore size of 0.5 micrometres.
  • the purifying systems are housed in a rugged ABS shell to protect them from the rigours of prolonged use in the Third World.
  • the product preferably also comes with a PVC water sac that doubles as a carrying/storage bag when the purifier is not in use.
  • the solar panels which are cast into the main body, trickle charge the Ni-Cad batteries, which in turn drive the UV tube through an DC inverter circuit.
  • the Ni-Cad batteries can be fast charged from a car battery via the cigarette lighter socket.
  • This method uses electricity which has been generated by the cars engine, and once recharged the alternator will charge the car battery up to full capacity again. This will increase the amount of fuel the engine uses to replace the lost electricity in the battery. A factor of three times as much fuel is used to replace the electricity in the battery, with the alternator acting as a small generator.
  • the described embodiment removed 100% of e-coli bacteria and a minimum of 87% of polio virus. With careful set up on production the filtration efficiency can be even higher.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

Purificateur d'eau autonome comprenant un filtre céramique (10) présentant une forme cylindrique creuse et contenant une source d'ultraviolets (24). Ce filtre (10) loge dans un boîtier étanche à l'eau constituant une chambre (22) servant à contenir le liquide préalablement à sa filtration et à son traitement. Ce dispositif peut être alimenté en courant par des batteries, des panneaux solaires ou une source externe de courant, telle qu'une batterie de véhicule automobile. Ce filtre peut être portable et utilisable même dans le cas d'absence d'un réseau électrique.
PCT/GB2002/002531 2001-06-08 2002-06-06 Purificateur d'eau portable WO2002100780A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0114044.1A GB0114044D0 (en) 2001-06-08 2001-06-08 Water purifier
GB0114044.1 2001-06-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002100780A1 true WO2002100780A1 (fr) 2002-12-19

Family

ID=9916237

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2002/002531 WO2002100780A1 (fr) 2001-06-08 2002-06-06 Purificateur d'eau portable

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB0114044D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002100780A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005011839A1 (fr) * 2003-08-01 2005-02-10 Itn Nanovation Gmbh Element filtrant ceramique pour la purification de l'eau
US7090779B2 (en) 2003-10-20 2006-08-15 Lawrence Allen Bernstein Manually operable water purifying device
ES2276596A1 (es) * 2005-06-09 2007-06-16 Marcelino E Ramirez Silva Sistema de purificacion, desalacion y depuracion de aguas residuales.
NL2005569C2 (nl) * 2010-10-25 2012-04-26 Erp Internat B V Van Inrichting voor het zuiveren van water en filter voor toepassing in een dergelijke inrichting.
FR2966821A1 (fr) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-04 Bio Uv Borne autonome pour la potabilisation de l'eau.
US10307712B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2019-06-04 Unger Marketing International, Llc Fluid conditioning systems having caps with filter cartridge sealing and removal devices and/or locking devices
WO2019122490A3 (fr) * 2017-12-24 2019-08-01 Cuevas Cuadrado Antonio Dispositif pour la désinfection de l'eau par ultrafiltration
USD1028169S1 (en) 2020-10-29 2024-05-21 Unger Marketing International, Llc Water conditioning system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4816149A (en) * 1988-03-01 1989-03-28 Technique Portable water filtration system
US4849100A (en) * 1986-03-07 1989-07-18 North American Aqua Portable water purifier
DE9205101U1 (fr) * 1992-03-20 1992-07-23 Mueller, Hans, 6719 Ramsen, De
DE4228860A1 (de) * 1992-08-29 1994-03-03 Gernot Klaus Brueck Trinkwasseraufbereiter
US5573666A (en) * 1994-09-23 1996-11-12 Korin; Amon Replaceable integrated water filtration and sterilization cartridge and assembly therefor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4849100A (en) * 1986-03-07 1989-07-18 North American Aqua Portable water purifier
US4816149A (en) * 1988-03-01 1989-03-28 Technique Portable water filtration system
DE9205101U1 (fr) * 1992-03-20 1992-07-23 Mueller, Hans, 6719 Ramsen, De
DE4228860A1 (de) * 1992-08-29 1994-03-03 Gernot Klaus Brueck Trinkwasseraufbereiter
US5573666A (en) * 1994-09-23 1996-11-12 Korin; Amon Replaceable integrated water filtration and sterilization cartridge and assembly therefor

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005011839A1 (fr) * 2003-08-01 2005-02-10 Itn Nanovation Gmbh Element filtrant ceramique pour la purification de l'eau
US7090779B2 (en) 2003-10-20 2006-08-15 Lawrence Allen Bernstein Manually operable water purifying device
ES2276596A1 (es) * 2005-06-09 2007-06-16 Marcelino E Ramirez Silva Sistema de purificacion, desalacion y depuracion de aguas residuales.
NL2005569C2 (nl) * 2010-10-25 2012-04-26 Erp Internat B V Van Inrichting voor het zuiveren van water en filter voor toepassing in een dergelijke inrichting.
FR2966821A1 (fr) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-04 Bio Uv Borne autonome pour la potabilisation de l'eau.
US11185822B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2021-11-30 Unger Marketing International, Llc Water conditioning systems having diversion devices
US10549239B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2020-02-04 Unger Marketing International, Llc Water conditioning systems having diversion devices
US10717046B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2020-07-21 Unger Marketing International, Llc Water conditioning systems
US10307712B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2019-06-04 Unger Marketing International, Llc Fluid conditioning systems having caps with filter cartridge sealing and removal devices and/or locking devices
US11369923B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2022-06-28 Unger Marketing International, Llc Water conditioning systems
US11813570B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2023-11-14 Unger Marketing International, Llc Water conditioning systems
WO2019122490A3 (fr) * 2017-12-24 2019-08-01 Cuevas Cuadrado Antonio Dispositif pour la désinfection de l'eau par ultrafiltration
USD1028169S1 (en) 2020-10-29 2024-05-21 Unger Marketing International, Llc Water conditioning system

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Publication number Publication date
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