WO2002099663A2 - Intrinsically safe field bus system - Google Patents
Intrinsically safe field bus system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002099663A2 WO2002099663A2 PCT/DE2002/002043 DE0202043W WO02099663A2 WO 2002099663 A2 WO2002099663 A2 WO 2002099663A2 DE 0202043 W DE0202043 W DE 0202043W WO 02099663 A2 WO02099663 A2 WO 02099663A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fieldbus
- bus
- voltage
- input
- current
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
- G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
- G06F13/40—Bus structure
- G06F13/4063—Device-to-bus coupling
- G06F13/4068—Electrical coupling
- G06F13/4086—Bus impedance matching, e.g. termination
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/008—Intrinsically safe circuits
Definitions
- the invention relates to an intrinsically safe fieldbus system with a fieldbus, a power source, a terminating resistor and at least one fieldbus device connected to the fieldbus, the power source being connected to a first end of the fieldbus and the terminating resistor terminating the fieldbus at the other end, and wherein the power source generates a periodic alternating signal.
- a fieldbus is a serial data and possibly energy bus for the effortless connection of field devices such as B. sensors and actuators, if necessary, with peripheral intelligence in process control and monitoring systems to a central process control system.
- a fieldbus is easy to handle and individual field components can be easily replaced.
- Line systems with a power source generating a periodic alternating signal, a terminating resistor and fieldbus devices in the form of two-port systems are generally well known and theoretically, for example, in Michel, Hans-Jürgen: Two-port analysis with power waves, Teubner study books, electronics, Teubner-Verlag Stuttgart, 1981, page 197 described. This publication also describes a measuring arrangement for determining reflection factors and transmission factors to measure the properties of such a system with the help of high-frequency power waves.
- DE-OS 38 21 181 A1 discloses a power control arrangement for power output stage frequency of variable transmitters, in which the degree of amplification of the power output stage is controlled as a function of the signals going back and forth in order to protect the power stage from overload.
- Intrinsically safe fieldbuses are often required, especially for process engineering systems in potentially explosive areas. Protection against the risk of explosion is guaranteed by appropriate design of the circuits routed through potentially explosive areas.
- One way to create an intrinsically safe fieldbus is to limit the electrical energy available in the fieldbus so that the circuits in the potentially explosive areas are neither in normal operation nor in the event of a fault, e.g. B. at idle or short circuit, are able to ignite explosive mixtures.
- the superposition of the power wave reflected by the bus with the power wave coming from the generator can result in the ignition limit values being exceeded under certain conditions by adding them together.
- the concentrated disturbance of the wave resistance leads to strong reflections. This lead to a sharp drop in the voltage at the fault location.
- the participants try to keep their performance constant by increasing their current consumption. As a result, the voltage drops further.
- the reaction also leads to a drop in the voltage at a distance of half the wavelength of the power source ( ⁇ / 2) from the point of interference.
- the reflection factor monitoring circuit is designed to determine a size measure for the waves reflected back to the power source.
- the power source is shut down when the reflection factor exceeds a target value. In this way, critical safety-related conditions caused by reflections in the fieldbus can be avoided.
- the reflection factor monitoring circuit is used to determine the ratio of the current and voltage waves traveling back and forth on the fieldbus as a measure of the reflection factor z. B. formed by input impedance measurement.
- the load transferred from the power source to the fieldbus is converted based on the terminating resistor of the fieldbus system. set performance regulated.
- a power monitoring circuit for determining the power converted at the terminating resistor is provided as a power signal and a load regulating circuit for regulating the power transmitted from the power source to the fieldbus, the load regulating circuit being controlled by the power signal in such a way that the power converted at the terminating resistor does not reach a setpoint exceeds.
- the power available on a reflection-free line decreases continuously from the beginning of the line to the end of the line in accordance with the line attenuation as well as the power decoupling of the fieldbus devices.
- the power implemented at the terminating resistor thus corresponds to the difference between the power introduced at the beginning of the line and the power drawn from the line.
- An excess of the power input is implemented in the terminating resistor of the fieldbus. It has therefore been proposed that only a minimally required power be introduced into the fieldbus. For this, an absolutely necessary minimum of power is defined, which must arrive at the terminating resistor.
- a power control variable is generated from the power implemented at the terminating resistor, which is compared with the defined minimum of the power arriving at the terminating resistor. The difference signal is used to control the power source.
- the fieldbus devices can be connected to the fieldbus via a reflection-free current / voltage coupler that is correctly adjusted in terms of wave resistance. This enables coupling and uncoupling of fieldbus devices with low reflection.
- the current / voltage coupler With the current / voltage coupler, the current is coupled out along the fieldbus lines and the voltage across the fieldbus lines according to the principle of a transformer. With a two- Wire fieldbus are then on at least one, but preferably on each of the wires in the longitudinal branch z.
- an inductive current transformer is provided for decoupling the current. The voltage can be decoupled galvanically or transformer-wise between the wires in the shunt arm.
- the current / voltage coupler can include a rectifier, the output of which is clamped to the fieldbus device.
- the object of the invention was therefore to create an improved intrinsically safe fieldbus system which, even in non-adapted operation, e.g. at
- the power distribution should be controllable in such a way that the highest possible power can be transmitted at every point on the fieldbus line.
- a control and regulating unit is provided for the power source in order to control the power source in a first operating area I as a function of the input impedance of the fieldbus and to regulate it in a second operating area II.
- the fieldbus input current is kept constant in the first operating range I if the input impedance is less than the characteristic impedance of the fieldbus line. Otherwise, in the second operating range II, when the input impedance exceeds the value of the characteristic impedance, the fieldbus input voltage is set to a constant maximum voltage and the fieldbus input current is regulated as a function of the input impedance.
- the fieldbus input voltage being set up to a defined maximum value in accordance with the input impedance present at the fieldbus input. This value is reached when the input impedance corresponds to the value of the characteristic impedance of the fieldbus line.
- the fieldbus input voltage is limited to the safety-related maximum voltage and the field input current is limited, whereby the controlled variable results from a fictitious linear progression of the fieldbus input voltage without limitation to the maximum voltage from the input impedance. This automatically adjusts the permissible fieldbus input current to the higher input impedance of the fieldbus.
- the open-loop and closed-loop control unit is preferably designed in such a way that the de-energization of the fieldbus input current takes place with as little delay as possible when the input impedance rises and exceeds the value of the characteristic impedance, i. H. during the transition from the first operating area to the second operating area. With increasing input impedance, the control of the fieldbus input current takes place almost directly in the ⁇ s range.
- control and regulating unit is further designed such that after a curtailment in the second operating area II, the up-regulation of the fieldbus input current takes place sluggishly when the input impedance drops again. After the input impedance drops, it automatically decreases due to the regulated fieldbus input current the fieldbus input voltage suddenly. However, the fieldbus input current is tracked sluggishly in the ms range. In the event of a short circuit, this prevents the regulated fieldbus input current from immediately rising again to the maximum value l max and thereby creating a risk of sparks.
- the fieldbus input voltage and thus the fieldbus input current can also be de-regulated if the input impedance exceeds a defined overload impedance.
- the power source preferably has a controllable voltage source and a voltage-current converter connected to the controllable voltage source in order to regulate the fieldbus input current as a function of the output voltage of the controllable voltage source.
- the output voltage is controlled by the control and regulation unit as a function of the fieldbus input voltage in such a way that a fieldbus input current is set with a defined constant value.
- the output voltage is regulated as a function of the fieldbus input voltage so that the fieldbus input voltage is kept constant at the value of the defined maximum voltage.
- the control and regulation unit is advantageously formed from a series connection of a zener diode and a current measuring element clamped in parallel to the fieldbus input, the zener diode defining the defined maximum voltage and passing a current through the current measuring element only when the maximum voltage is exceeded.
- the one from that Current measuring element measured current is used to control and regulate the power source.
- the current measuring element is preferably an optocoupler in order to ensure a galvanic separation between the control circuit and the supply circuit of the field bus, an integrator being provided for summing up the pulses of the optocoupler.
- the voltage-current converter preferably has an inverse quadrupole, for example a Collins filter. Reversing four poles are also known as antimetric filters.
- the fieldbus devices are preferably clamped to the fieldbus with a voltage coupler, the voltage coupler being connected across the fieldbus lines for voltage decoupling.
- This parallel connection technology is easy to implement and inexpensive.
- the voltage couplers do not have to be adapted.
- a power control unit is used to adjust the power distribution on the fieldbus line by changing the reactance.
- a controlled inductance e.g. a transducer.
- This embodiment with a reactance and a parallel connection technology should be limited to short line lengths that are less than% the wavelength ( ⁇ / 4).
- Phase control means for controlling the phase between the fieldbus input voltage and the fieldbus input current are preferably provided, which can be integrated, for example, in the voltage-current converter.
- Figure 1 - a block diagram of an intrinsically safe fieldbus system according to the invention with an alternating signal, with parallel connection technology, a power source with control unit and a reactance as fieldbus termination;
- Figure 3 Diagram to show the timing of the control of the intrinsically safe fieldbus system according to the invention
- FIG. 4 block diagram of the power source with a Zener diode and an optocoupler for the control unit;
- FIG. 5 Circuit diagram of a Collins filter as a reversing quadrupole
- Figure 6 diagram illustrating the adaptation of the fieldbus line by a line simulation
- Figure 7 Diagram of a symmetrical power distribution on the fieldbus line with a corresponding terminating resistor
- Figure 8 Diagram of an asymmetrical power distribution on the fieldbus line with a reduced power at the end of the fieldbus line;
- FIG. 9 diagram of an asymmetrical power distribution on the fieldbus line with a reduced power at the beginning of the fieldbus line;
- FIG. 10 circuit diagram of a control unit for rapid overvoltage limitation
- Figure 1 1 - Circuit diagram of a spark extinguishing circuit for current reduction in the event of a fault in the work area;
- Figure 12 Block diagram of a power supply for a field bus with voltage monitoring, current monitoring and phase monitoring means.
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of an intrinsically safe fieldbus system 1 according to the invention, which in a known manner has a fieldbus 2 and a power source 3 for energy supply and possibly for data supply of fieldbus devices 4 which are connected to the fieldbus 2.
- the fieldbus 2 is designed, for example, as a two-wire bus line.
- Power source 3 connected in a non-hazardous area 6.
- the fieldbus 2 is terminated at the other end 7 with a terminating resistor 8, which is designed as a reactance Z Ab . As a result, no more active power is implemented.
- the fieldbus devices 4 are clamped to the fieldbus 2 with voltage couplers 9 connected exclusively in parallel to the fieldbus 2.
- part of the fieldbus 2 In an area 10 at risk of explosion, part of the fieldbus 2, the voltage couplers 9, the fieldbus devices 4 and the reactance Zab are arranged. These components are considered to be intrinsically safe and suitable for arrangement in hazardous areas 10 in accordance with the explosion protection requirements defined in the standards EN 50 014, EN 50 020 and EN 50 039 for the type of protection "intrinsic safety". The remaining components are considered to be associated equipment within the meaning of standard EN 50 020 and should preferably be located in non-hazardous area 6.
- the power on the fieldbus 2 in the potentially explosive area 10 is now regulated so that the intrinsically safe ignition limit values are not exceeded at any point on the line of the fieldbus 2.
- the power source 3 is preferably formed from a controllable voltage source 11 and a voltage current converter 12, which provides a fieldbus input current I bus as a function of the output voltage U s of the controllable voltage source 11.
- the controllable voltage source 11 is controlled by a control and regulation unit 13 in a first operating area I and regulated in a second operating area II, that the fieldbus input voltage U bus is always less than or equal to a safety-related maximum voltage U max . If the fieldbus input voltage U Bus is less than the maximum voltage U max , a safety-related maximum current I max is set. In this way it is ensured that a maximum of safety-related energy is always transmitted and the power of the fieldbus 2 is not unnecessarily limited.
- FIG. 2 shows the characteristic curve for regulating the intrinsically safe fieldbus system 1, on the basis of which the principle for regulating the non-adapted fieldbus 2 concluded with a reactance Z termination becomes clear.
- the input impedance Z bus is less than the characteristic impedance Z w of the field bus line.
- a safety-related maximum current I max is set at the fieldbus input (0 to point A,).
- the fieldbus input voltage U bus is set according to the input impedance Z bus present at the fieldbus input up to a maximum value U max (maximum voltage) (0 to point Ag).
- the maximum voltage U max is achieved when the input impedance Z bus the value of the characteristic impedance Z corresponds to w (point A y). The following applies in the entire first operating area I:
- the value of the input impedance Z bus exceeds the value of the wave resistance Z w (Z bus ⁇ Z w ). If the input impedance Z Bus changes in this area (in the direction of idling), the field bus input voltage U Bus is set to the safety level Maximum voltage U max limited (point An . To point B ' u ).
- the fieldbus input current I bus is regulated down at the fieldbus input in accordance with the basic curve shown in FIG. 2, the following applies:
- the controlled variables for regulating the fieldbus input current I bus are formed by the fictitious linear progression of the fieldbus input voltage U bus resulting from the input impedance Z bus without limitation to the maximum voltage U max (point A u to point B u ).
- the permissible fieldbus input current I bus is thus automatically adapted to the higher input impedance Z bus .
- the voltage is set as a function of the regulated fieldbus input current I bus and the input impedance Z bus .
- the second operating region II preferably has a Abregelungs Scheme (operating region II b) in which the field bus input voltage U bus is, for example, linear governed proportional to the input impedance Z bus if the input impedance Z bus exceeds a defined overload impedance Z LL. This results in further curtailment of the fieldbus input current I bus .
- the fieldbus input current I bus is curtailed as soon as the fieldbus input voltage U bus falls below a defined operating voltage or the input impedance Z bus is less than a spark impedance Z spark . At this limit value, as can be seen in FIG. 2, the fieldbus input current I bus is suddenly shut down.
- FIG. 3 shows a possible time behavior of the regulation of the intrinsically safe fieldbus system 1.
- the control of the field bus input current l bus should take place as directly as possible in the range of a few microseconds (point A, to point B,).
- the field bus input current l bus is readjusted sluggishly in the range of a few milliseconds.
- the voltage remains at the constant value of the maximum voltage U max with the field bus input current l bus of point B ,.
- the line impedance Z bus corresponds to the characteristic impedance Z w .
- the input impedance Z bus decreases again to the value of the characteristic impedance Z w .
- t 0 to t,:
- the input impedance Z bus corresponds to the characteristic impedance Z w .
- the fieldbus input voltage U Bus regulates itself automatically depending on the input impedance Z Bus and is:
- Z bus 6 * Z w
- the maximum value of the fieldbus input current l bus is:
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the control and regulating unit 13, which is essentially formed from a Zener diode 14 and an optocoupler as a current measuring element 15.
- the optocoupler is used for the electrical isolation of the control circuit from the supply circuit.
- the zener diode 14 and the optocoupler are connected in series, the series connection being clamped in parallel to the input terminals of the fieldbus 2.
- the zener diode 14 is dimensioned such that a breakdown occurs only after the maximum voltage U max is reached at the fieldbus input 5 and a current flows through the optocoupler.
- the pulses characterizing the current are integrated up or down with a subsequent integrator 16 and used to regulate the voltage source 11.
- the integrator 16 preferably has different time constants for the up and down integration.
- the integration with a large time constant in the millisecond range ensures a slow increase in the permissible fieldbus input current I bus (range t 2 to t 3 ) for the respective input impedance Z bus .
- the fieldbus input current l bus remains constant at this value.
- a change in the input impedance Z bus which would mean an increase in the permissible field bus input voltage U bus , leads to a very rapid decrease in the field bus input current I bus in the microsecond range due to a smaller time constant of the integrator 16 for the disintegration (range t to t 2 ).
- the controllable voltage source 1 1 has an AC voltage generator that supplies an AC voltage with a constant frequency, wherein this voltage can be varied in amplitude by means of a control voltage generated by the control and regulation unit 13.
- This alternating voltage forms the input voltage for the subsequent voltage-current converter 12.
- This can preferably be implemented by an inverse quadrupole, also known as an antimetric filter, for example by a Collins filter 17 outlined in FIG. 5, which effects a reciprocal impedance conversion.
- the fieldbus 2 is wired at the input and output with a high-pass filter that is adapted to the wave resistance and which adapts in this frequency range.
- the Collins filter 17 is a T-bridge with two inductors L ,, L 2 in the longitudinal branch and a capacitance C in the transverse branch. It reverses the resistance at the input or output of the four-pole to a reciprocal value (inverse four-pole).
- the Collins filter 17 has a bridge rectifier with a bridge impedance at its output in order to ensure a brief overcurrent limitation during a transition from an idle state to a load state.
- the capacitance C of the Collins filter 17 When idle, the capacitance C of the Collins filter 17 is charged, so that the charge flows off during the transition to the load and can lead to an overcurrent. Due to the bridge inductance, the current is delayed and thus temporarily limited.
- FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the voltage distribution on a fieldbus line, the broken line representing the voltage distribution of a fictitious line with a line length of 600 m and a short circuit at the end of the line.
- the actual fieldbus line is 400 m long.
- a fictitious line section is only simulated at the end of the real fieldbus line with a length of 200 m, so that the voltage occurring on the real fieldbus line lies in the upper range of the voltage curve of the fictitious line.
- the line is simulated by a terminating impedance L at the end of the fieldbus line or by a corresponding adaptation of the power source 3.
- FIG. 7 shows a symmetrical power distribution calculated in a simulation over the entire length of the real fieldbus line.
- the power that can be tapped at the beginning and end of the fieldbus line is approximately the same with a terminating impedance of 200 ⁇ H and a load resistance of 100 ⁇ for a 400 m long fieldbus line (approx. 5 watts).
- the available power is highest at around 9 watts.
- FIG. 8 shows a diagram of the power distribution over the fieldbus length with a terminating impedance of 140 ⁇ H and a load resistance of 100 ⁇ . It is clear that the power available at the beginning of the fieldbus line of approximately 6.5 watts to approximately 9 watts is significantly greater compared to the power distribution from FIG. 7. At the end of the fieldbus line, on the other hand, the power decreases more sharply down to approximately 4 watts at the end of the fieldbus line. With an asymmetrical distribution of the fieldbus devices 4 in the front area of a fieldbus line, the power distribution can be increased in this way can be optimally adapted to the distribution of the fieldbus devices 4.
- FIG. 9 shows a diagram of an asymmetrical power distribution with a terminating impedance of 180 ⁇ H and a load resistance of 100 ⁇ , the power being reduced at the beginning of the fieldbus line and from the middle of the fieldbus line to the end of the fieldbus line with approximately 9 watts up to 6 watts.
- Such an adjustment of the power distribution is particularly advantageous if the fieldbus devices 4 are concentrated at the end of the fieldbus line.
- FIG. 10 shows a circuit diagram of a control and regulating unit 13 for rapid overvoltage limitation.
- a transformer TR1 is provided, the secondary winding of which controls a FET transistor which is connected to the bridge of a Graetz rectifier.
- U Bus exceeds the maximum voltage U max
- a current flows through the primary winding of the transformer TR1 and a voltage is built up on the secondary winding.
- the FET transistor is closed almost without delay and the capacitor C is discharged via the Graetz rectifier, so that the fieldbus current I bus is reduced very quickly.
- FIG. 4 shows a spark suppressor circuit 18 which is clamped in parallel to the power source 3 to the first end 5 of the field bus 2.
- the spark extinguishing circuit 18 reduces the current in the event of a fault in operating area I (working area).
- the spark extinguishing circuit 18 is constructed on the principle of an undervoltage switch.
- FIG. 12 shows an advantageous exemplary embodiment of a supply device for a fieldbus, which includes voltage monitoring, current monitoring and phase monitoring.
- the feed device essentially has the power source 3, a T-shaped Collins filter 17 coupled to the power source 3 with a T-point T and a transformer 19 for controlling an electronic switch 20.
- the electronic switch 20 is coupled to the T-point T of the Collins filter 17 to control the potential of the T-point T.
- the output voltage of the power supply ie the fieldbus input voltage U bus
- voltage monitoring means which are implemented as Z diodes ZD y . If the output voltage U A of the supply device or the corresponding field bus input voltage U bus exceeds the value that can be preset by the Z-diodes ZDg, a current flows through these Z-diodes ZDu. The current also flowing through the primary winding (connection 2 and 3) of the transformer 19 generates a current flow on the secondary side. This causes the electronic switch 20 to pull the potential at the T point T of the Collins filter 17 towards ground. This leads to a reduction in the field bus input voltage U bus .
- the output current is monitored using current monitoring means in the form of the Z diodes ZD S by monitoring the voltage across the inductor L 2 . If the voltage across inductor L2 exceeds the value preset by Z-diodes ZD S , a current flows through the primary winding of transformer 19 (connections 1 and 2). Again, a secondary-side current flow is generated in the transformer 19, which causes the electronic switch 20 to reduce the potential at the T point T of the Collins filter 17.
- the curve shape of the output voltage U A of the supply device or the field bus input voltage U bus is monitored by phase monitoring means.
- the inductance L2 of the Collins filter 17 results in a phase shift of approximately 45 degrees between the T point T of the Collins filter and the connection 2 of the transmitter 19.
- the same phase shift is used as a reference phase by the phase monitoring means in Form of a phase shifter, which is realized for example by a simple RC combination C P and R P between the T point T of the Collins filter 17 and the connection 1 of the transformer 19.
- a phase shifter which is realized for example by a simple RC combination C P and R P between the T point T of the Collins filter 17 and the connection 1 of the transformer 19.
- the current and voltage controls shown in FIG. 2 can be implemented in the error area (operating area I), working area (operating area II a) and curtailment area (operating area II b).
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10292488T DE10292488D2 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2002-06-05 | Intrinsically safe fieldbus system |
AU2002344937A AU2002344937A1 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2002-06-05 | Intrinsically safe field bus system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2001127561 DE10127561B4 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2001-06-06 | Intrinsically safe fieldbus system |
DE10127561.7 | 2001-06-06 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002099663A2 true WO2002099663A2 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
WO2002099663A3 WO2002099663A3 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
WO2002099663A8 WO2002099663A8 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
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PCT/DE2002/002043 WO2002099663A2 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2002-06-05 | Intrinsically safe field bus system |
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AU (1) | AU2002344937A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10127561B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002099663A2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202004004637U1 (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2004-12-09 | Schiff, Andreas, Dr. | Actuator-sensor (AS) interface for network with impedance as network closure end, voltage supply and network through, two-wire cable coupled to voltage supply, to which are coupled several communication appliances |
DE10328532B3 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2004-12-16 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertr. d. d. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit, dieses vertr. d. d. Präsidenten der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt | Intrinsically safe supply device has arrangement for reducing d.c. output voltage driven periodically so rising spark voltage build-up inhibited by periodic voltage reduction in event of opening spark |
WO2005041484A1 (en) * | 2003-10-03 | 2005-05-06 | Gunther Rogoll | Diagnostic system for a modular fieldbus board |
US7509105B2 (en) | 2003-08-11 | 2009-03-24 | Huettinger Elektronik Gmbh + Co. Kg | Radio frequency excitation arrangement including a limiting circuit |
US8467196B2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2013-06-18 | Pepperl + Fuchs Gmbh | Modular fieldbus segment protector |
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DE10245273B4 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-10-07 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit, dieses vertreten durch den Präsidenten der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt Braunschweig und Berlin | Power supply for intrinsically safe energy supply |
DE102004006507A1 (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2005-09-15 | Siemens Ag | Network and network termination for networks with a continuous two-wire network cable |
DE102005001601B4 (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2011-07-28 | Endress + Hauser GmbH + Co. KG, 79689 | Field device with bus interface |
EP2090946B1 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2011-04-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for receiving and transmitting signals for safety-oriented automation components |
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2001
- 2001-06-06 DE DE2001127561 patent/DE10127561B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-06-05 WO PCT/DE2002/002043 patent/WO2002099663A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-06-05 AU AU2002344937A patent/AU2002344937A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-05 DE DE10292488T patent/DE10292488D2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US5589813A (en) * | 1991-10-14 | 1996-12-31 | Nielsen; Ole C. | Data communication system of the field bus type with a twin lead for power supply to connect units and for data transmission between the units |
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Cited By (7)
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DE10328532B3 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2004-12-16 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertr. d. d. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit, dieses vertr. d. d. Präsidenten der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt | Intrinsically safe supply device has arrangement for reducing d.c. output voltage driven periodically so rising spark voltage build-up inhibited by periodic voltage reduction in event of opening spark |
US7509105B2 (en) | 2003-08-11 | 2009-03-24 | Huettinger Elektronik Gmbh + Co. Kg | Radio frequency excitation arrangement including a limiting circuit |
WO2005041484A1 (en) * | 2003-10-03 | 2005-05-06 | Gunther Rogoll | Diagnostic system for a modular fieldbus board |
EP1895711A3 (en) * | 2003-10-03 | 2009-03-18 | Pepperl + Fuchs Gmbh | Diagnostic system for a modular fieldbus board |
US7698103B2 (en) | 2003-10-03 | 2010-04-13 | Pepperl + Fuschs GmbH | Diagnostic system for a modular fieldbus board |
DE202004004637U1 (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2004-12-09 | Schiff, Andreas, Dr. | Actuator-sensor (AS) interface for network with impedance as network closure end, voltage supply and network through, two-wire cable coupled to voltage supply, to which are coupled several communication appliances |
US8467196B2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2013-06-18 | Pepperl + Fuchs Gmbh | Modular fieldbus segment protector |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2002344937A1 (en) | 2002-12-16 |
WO2002099663A3 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
DE10292488D2 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
DE10127561B4 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
DE10127561A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
WO2002099663A8 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
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