WO2002096716A1 - Method of cutting hybrid panels used to line motor vehicle interiors - Google Patents
Method of cutting hybrid panels used to line motor vehicle interiors Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002096716A1 WO2002096716A1 PCT/ES2002/000264 ES0200264W WO02096716A1 WO 2002096716 A1 WO2002096716 A1 WO 2002096716A1 ES 0200264 W ES0200264 W ES 0200264W WO 02096716 A1 WO02096716 A1 WO 02096716A1
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- Prior art keywords
- panel
- cut
- laser beam
- hybrid
- laser
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/30—Organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/30—Organic material
- B23K2103/42—Plastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
- B60R13/02—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the cutting of hybrid panels for the coating of automobile interiors by means of the application of laser radiation.
- This invention provides a method for cutting panels consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced by natural fibers and lined with decorative fabrics, panels that have, predominantly, a use as automobile interior lining.
- the hybrid panels referred to in the present invention consist of the use of natural fibers such as linen, sisal, hemp or jute to reinforce a polymer matrix (mainly polypropylene or polyurethane).
- This type of hybrid panels that incorporate natural fibers have a series of advantages over those that use fiberglass or petroleum-derived fibers.
- the use of non-perishable resources such as natural fibers is obvious ecological benefits.
- these hybrid panels can be recycled once the life of the vehicle is over and, ultimately, they can be used as fuel with a much lower ash production than in the case of fiberglass reinforced panels.
- hybrid panels reinforced with natural fibers offer a response to mechanical stresses similar to that offered by fiberglass reinforced panels but with a 30 to 40% reduction in panel weight. Therefore, the use of this new type of hybrid panels as a lining of car interiors means a reduction in its weight, which directly affects a reduction in fuel consumption and, ultimately, a saving for the car user. In addition, they provide greater insulation from the outside due to their high noise absorption capacity. They also allow both decorative elements and fasteners to be coupled in a simple way (by compression) which considerably reduces manufacturing time and costs.
- the main tasks that must be performed in order to obtain the directly usable panels as a coating for the interior of automobiles are the following: cutting of the fibers, drying them, mixing with the matrix polymer, rolling the mixture, application of the fabrics exterior and interior of the panel (usually polyester), pressed with heat input (simple or blown), demoulding, cutting and die cutting of the panel to its final dimensions.
- One of the advantages of the present patent is the possibility of making cuts practically impossible to make by mechanical methods. Thus it is possible to cut profiles in three dimensions with any shape or figure with a uniform finish.
- this patent has the advantage of being able to drill a wide variety of diameters, from a few tens of micrometers, which is practically impossible by mechanical methods.
- Another of the advantages presented by the invention object of the present patent is the fact that the processing is carried out without contact with the part, so that, in no case is it subjected to mechanical solicitations during the laser treatment process, which It is inherent in mechanical processes. In addition, as no contact is established between the part and the tool, it does not suffer wear or corrosion, so it is not necessary to sharpen or replace it.
- the method of cutting hybrid panels for interior lining of automobiles object of the present patent is to subject the panel to the action of laser radiation. Cutting with the laser beam will preferably be done cold once the panel has been removed from its mold in order to give it the final shape and dimensions. The best results are obtained when the panel has been completely lined, both on its inner face as on the outside.
- the hybrid panel to be cut is placed on a support appropriate to its dimensions in a mobile system. This system will be connected to an automatic panel position control system.
- the laser beam is driven by means of one or more mirrors towards the piece to be cut. Although the beam can affect the piece at a certain angle, the best results have been obtained for a normal incidence to it.
- the laser radiation can come from a laser device of any wavelength such as, for example, a CO2, CO, N2, Nd: YAG, Er.YAG, laser
- Nd glass, Ruby, HeNe, HeCd, HeHg, Cu, del, Ar, de
- the necessary power for this type of lasers can be between 50 and 3000 W, having obtained the best results when working with a power of between 300 and 1000 W.
- the laser beam is focused on the surface of the hybrid panel by means of a lens This lens will preferably have a focal length of between 100 and
- the cut In order to obtain an optimum quality of the wall of the cut it is preferable to perform the cut at speeds of between 50 and 200 mm / s. In this way the energy density reached on the hybrid panel is such that it allows to vaporize directly the volume of panel irradiated by the laser beam, melting a small lateral layer thereof, which, when cooled, seals the wall of the cut. This results in a cut with excellent quality that prevents the growth of g
- fungi inside the panel Although the process does not require any gas, a small flow of a protective gas from the lens can be used. Said gas can be oxidizing (O2, C ⁇ 2 ?, Compressed air) or inert (N2, Ar, He, Ne). The best results have been obtained using nitrogen at a pressure between 0.1 and 1 xlO Pa.
- a practical example of cutting hybrid panels for car interiors is the following: Polypropylene panels (5 mm thick) reinforced by linen fibers, with polyester inner and outer linings are cut by means of a laser
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- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to hybrid panels which are used to line motor vehicle interiors and which can be cut using a laser beam irradiation-based method. Owing to the enormous flexibility of the inventive method, different types of panels can be cut without any need for the equipment or tools to be changed, simply by altering the processing parameters. Said method improves the quality of the cut considerably in comparison to cuts made using standard mechanical methods or a water jet.
Description
MÉTODO PARA EL CORTE DE PAÑET ES HÍBRIDOS PARA REVESTIMIENTO DE TNTERTORES DE AUTOMÓVILES METHOD FOR PAÑET CUTTING IS HYBRID FOR COATING OF AUTOMOBILE TNTERTORS
D E S C R T P C T Ó ND E S C R T P C T Ó N
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓNOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere al corte de paneles híbridos para el revestimiento de interiores de automóviles mediante la aplicación de la radiación láser.The present invention relates to the cutting of hybrid panels for the coating of automobile interiors by means of the application of laser radiation.
Esta invención proporciona un método para cortar paneles constituidos por una matriz de polímero reforzada por fibras naturales y forrados con tejidos decorativos, paneles que tienen, predominantemente, un uso como revestimiento de interiores de automóviles.This invention provides a method for cutting panels consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced by natural fibers and lined with decorative fabrics, panels that have, predominantly, a use as automobile interior lining.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Los paneles híbridos a los que se refiere la presente invención consisten en el uso de fibras naturales como el lino, el sisal, el cánamo o el yute para reforzar una matriz de polímero (principalmente polipropileno o poliuretano). Este tipo de paneles híbridos que incorporan fibras naturales presentan una serie de ventajas frente a los que utilizan fibra de vidrio o fibras derivadas del petróleo. En primer lugar el empleo de unos recursos no perecederos como lo son las fibras naturales supone unos beneficios ecológicos evidentes. Además estos paneles híbridos pueden ser reciclados
una vez finalizada la vida útil del vehículo y, en último término, pueden ser utilizados como combustible con una producción de cenizas mucho menor que en el caso de los paneles reforzados con fibra de vidrio.The hybrid panels referred to in the present invention consist of the use of natural fibers such as linen, sisal, hemp or jute to reinforce a polymer matrix (mainly polypropylene or polyurethane). This type of hybrid panels that incorporate natural fibers have a series of advantages over those that use fiberglass or petroleum-derived fibers. In the first place, the use of non-perishable resources such as natural fibers is obvious ecological benefits. In addition these hybrid panels can be recycled once the life of the vehicle is over and, ultimately, they can be used as fuel with a much lower ash production than in the case of fiberglass reinforced panels.
Por otra parte, los paneles híbridos reforzados con fibras naturales ofrecen una respuesta a las solicitaciones mecánicas similar a la ofrecida por los paneles reforzados con fibra de vidrio pero con una reducción de un 30 a un 40% en el peso del panel. Por lo tanto la utilización de este nuevo tipo de paneles híbridos como revestimiento de interiores de automóviles supone una reducción en su peso, que incide directamente en una reducción del consumo de combustible y, en definitiva, en un ahorro para el usuario del automóvil. Además, proporcionan un mayor aislamiento del exterior debido a su gran capacidad de absorción de los ruidos. Asimismo, permiten que tanto elementos decorativos como sujeciones sean acoplados de forma simple (por compresión) lo cual reduce considerablemente el tiempo de fabricación y los costes.On the other hand, hybrid panels reinforced with natural fibers offer a response to mechanical stresses similar to that offered by fiberglass reinforced panels but with a 30 to 40% reduction in panel weight. Therefore, the use of this new type of hybrid panels as a lining of car interiors means a reduction in its weight, which directly affects a reduction in fuel consumption and, ultimately, a saving for the car user. In addition, they provide greater insulation from the outside due to their high noise absorption capacity. They also allow both decorative elements and fasteners to be coupled in a simple way (by compression) which considerably reduces manufacturing time and costs.
Otros aspectos positivos de estos paneles se hacen palpables durante el proceso de fabricación. Así, la energía que es necesario consumir para la fabricación de un kilogramo de panel de polipropileno reforzado con fibras de lino es de tan sólo 17 mJ frente a los 55 mJ que es necesario consumir para fabricar un kilogramo de un panel similar pero utilizando fibra de vidrio en el lugar del lino. Por otra parte los trabajadores se ven sometidos a problemas respiratorios y a molestos problemas de piel cuando manejan las mantas de los paneles fabricados con fibra de vidrio, problemas que desaparecen con el empleo de fibras naturales, (véanse a modo de ejemplo: M. Lee, Eur. Plastics News.l (2000) 33. I. Morton, Automot. Eng. 25 (2000) 50.)
Las principales tareas que deben realizarse para llegar a obtener los paneles directamente utilizables como revestimiento para el interior de automóviles son los siguientes: corte de las fibras, secado de las mismas, mezcla con el polímero matriz, laminado de la mezcla, aplicación de los tejidos exterior e interior del panel (normalmente de poliéster), prensado con aporte de calor (simple o soplado), desmoldeo, corte y troquelado del panel a sus dimensiones definitivas.Other positive aspects of these panels become palpable during the manufacturing process. Thus, the energy that is necessary to consume for the manufacture of a kilogram of polypropylene panel reinforced with linen fibers is only 17 mJ compared to the 55 mJ that it is necessary to consume to manufacture a kilogram of a similar panel but using fiber of glass in the place of linen. On the other hand, workers are subjected to respiratory problems and annoying skin problems when they handle the blankets of panels made of fiberglass, problems that disappear with the use of natural fibers, (see as an example: M. Lee, Eur. Plastics News.l (2000) 33. I. Morton, Automot. Eng. 25 (2000) 50.) The main tasks that must be performed in order to obtain the directly usable panels as a coating for the interior of automobiles are the following: cutting of the fibers, drying them, mixing with the matrix polymer, rolling the mixture, application of the fabrics exterior and interior of the panel (usually polyester), pressed with heat input (simple or blown), demoulding, cutting and die cutting of the panel to its final dimensions.
Tradicionalmente, estas dos últimas tareas, el corte y el troquelado, se vienen realizando con medios mecánicos como cuchillas y cizallas bien en frío, bien con aporte de calor. Estos métodos presentan una serie de problemas que dan lugar a una baja calidad del corte final y a un rendimiento muy pobre. Esto supone un serio inconveniente para su aplicación en el corte de este nuevo tipo de paneles. Debemos añadir que dadas las excepcionales cualidades de estos paneles híbridos reforzados con fibras naturales se están explorando aplicaciones nuevas que conllevan el uso de paneles dobles. Estos paneles dobles no pueden ser cortados de una forma eficiente por medio de los métodos mecánicos actualmente en uso.Traditionally, these last two tasks, cutting and stamping, have been carried out with mechanical means such as blades and shears, either cold or hot. These methods present a series of problems that lead to low quality of the final cut and very poor performance. This is a serious inconvenience for its application in the cutting of this new type of panels. We must add that given the exceptional qualities of these hybrid panels reinforced with natural fibers, new applications that involve the use of double panels are being explored. These double panels cannot be cut efficiently by means of the mechanical methods currently in use.
Por otra parte, deben tenerse en cuenta una serie de aspectos que pueden parecer secundarios pero que son cruciales para poder decidir la utilización de un nuevo material como revestimiento de interiores de automóviles. En primer lugar el panel debe pasar un ensayo normalizado de cata de olores. Por otra parte estos paneles no deben dar lugar al crecimiento de hongos. En tercer lugar, no deben desprender vapores que puedan dar lugar al empañado de los cristales del vehículo en el que se instalen.
Por todo ello se ha experimentado con una nueva técnica como es el corte por chorro de agua con adición de abrasivo. En esta técnica un chorro de agua a elevada presión se combina con un producto abrasivo en polvo (arena) obteniéndose una especie de hilo fino de un fluido mezcla de agua y arena. Este chorro al entrar en contacto con el material a cortar arrastra en la dirección de la corriente de agua las partículas de material produciéndose el corte al realizarse un movimiento relativo entre la pieza y el chorro de agua.On the other hand, a series of aspects that may seem secondary but that are crucial to be able to decide on the use of a new material as an interior lining for cars must be taken into account. First, the panel must pass a standardized odor tasting test. On the other hand these panels should not lead to fungal growth. Thirdly, they should not release vapors that may lead to fogging of the windows of the vehicle in which they are installed. For all this it has been experimented with a new technique such as water jet cutting with abrasive addition. In this technique a high pressure water jet is combined with a powder abrasive product (sand) obtaining a kind of fine thread from a fluid mixture of water and sand. This jet, when coming into contact with the material to be cut, draws material particles in the direction of the water stream, causing the cut to occur when a relative movement is made between the piece and the water jet.
Por lo que se refiere al procesamiento de materiales con láser, este es un campo de aplicación del láser iniciado hace un par de décadas y que ha estado muy focalizado en el procesamiento de materiales metálicos (véanse a modo de ejemplo las siguientes obras: M. Bass, "Láser materials processing", North-Holland, Amsterdam (1983); O.D.D. Soares y M.As regards the processing of materials with laser, this is a field of application of the laser started a couple of decades ago and that has been very focused on the processing of metallic materials (see as an example the following works: M. Bass, "Laser materials processing", North-Holland, Amsterdam (1983); ODD Soares and M.
Pérez-Amor, "Applied láser tooling ", Martinas Nijhoff, Dordrecht (1987); W.M. Steen, "Láser material processing", Springer-Verlag, Londres (1991)).Pérez-Amor, "Applied laser tooling", Martinas Nijhoff, Dordrecht (1987); W.M. Steen, "Laser material processing", Springer-Verlag, London (1991)).
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
En la presente invención se presenta una aplicación del láser para el corte de paneles híbridos reforzados con fibras naturales para revestimiento de interiores de automóviles.In the present invention, an application of the laser for cutting hybrid panels reinforced with natural fibers for coating interiors of automobiles is presented.
Una de las ventajas de la presente patente es la posibilidad de realizar cortes prácticamente imposibles de realizar por métodos mecánicos.
Así es posible el corte de perfiles en tres dimensiones con cualquier forma o figura con un acabado uniforme.One of the advantages of the present patent is the possibility of making cuts practically impossible to make by mechanical methods. Thus it is possible to cut profiles in three dimensions with any shape or figure with a uniform finish.
Por otra parte, esta patente presenta la ventaja de poder realizar taladros de una gran variedad de diámetros, desde las pocas decenas de micrómetros, cosa prácticamente imposible por métodos mecánicos.On the other hand, this patent has the advantage of being able to drill a wide variety of diameters, from a few tens of micrometers, which is practically impossible by mechanical methods.
Otra de las ventajas que presenta la invención objeto de la presente patente es el hecho de que el procesamiento se realiza sin contacto con la pieza, con lo que, en ningún caso se ve sometida a solicitaciones mecánicas durante el proceso del tratamiento láser, cosa que es inherente a los procesos mecánicos. Además, al no establecerse contacto alguno entre la pieza y la herramienta, ésta no sufre desgaste ni corrosión, por lo que no es necesario afilarla ni reemplazarla.Another of the advantages presented by the invention object of the present patent is the fact that the processing is carried out without contact with the part, so that, in no case is it subjected to mechanical solicitations during the laser treatment process, which It is inherent in mechanical processes. In addition, as no contact is established between the part and the tool, it does not suffer wear or corrosion, so it is not necessary to sharpen or replace it.
Asimismo, el corte por láser de paneles híbridos reforzados con fibras naturales objeto de esta patente, presenta las siguientes ventajas frente a la técnica del corte por chorro de agua:Likewise, the laser cutting of hybrid panels reinforced with natural fibers object of this patent, presents the following advantages over the technique of water jet cutting:
- No deja residuos sobre la pieza a cortar. El chorro de agua por el contrario deja restos del abrasivo principalmente en la cara posterior. No se emplea agua ni ningún otro líquido, por lo que la técnica de corte por láser no fomenta el crecimiento de hongos dentro del panel, cosa que si puede fomentar el empleo del corte por chorro de agua. - La calidad del corte obtenido mediante el empleo del láser es mucho mayor. El corte por chorro de agua produce la rotura de las fibras naturales así como una fractura del propio polímero matriz dando como resultado un aspecto de la pared del corte absolutamente
cubierto de fibras (estos aspectos pueden ser vistos en detalle por medio de un microscopio electrónico de barrido). Por su parte, el corte mediante láser produce una vaporización del material con fusión del material irradiado no vaporizado que sella la superficie del corte. El resultado es un corte uniforme sin rastro de fibras. Esto supone una protección adicional frente al crecimiento de hongos en el panel. Como se ha descrito anteriormente la no proliferación de hongos es un factor crucial para la utilización de este tipo de paneles como revestimiento de interiores de automóviles. - El corte por chorro de agua presenta dificultades en el corte de paneles híbridos con doble forro de tejido de poliéster. La flexibilidad de las fibras de poliéster hace que absorban parte de la cantidad de movimiento de las partículas de abrasivo, perdiendo estas gran parte de su capacidad de corte. El resultado es un tejido con aspecto de rasgado y mal cortado. Por el contrario el método propuesto en la presente patente vaporiza y sella dichas fibras al material base del panel sin dejar prácticamente huecos en los que puedan crecer los hongos.- It does not leave residues on the piece to cut. The water jet on the other hand leaves abrasive residues mainly on the back side. No water or any other liquid is used, so the laser cutting technique does not encourage the growth of fungi inside the panel, which can encourage the use of water jet cutting. - The quality of the cut obtained by using the laser is much higher. Water jet cutting causes the breakage of natural fibers as well as a fracture of the matrix polymer itself resulting in an appearance of the cutting wall absolutely covered with fibers (these aspects can be seen in detail by means of a scanning electron microscope). For its part, laser cutting produces a vaporization of the material with fusion of the irradiated non-vaporized material that seals the surface of the cut. The result is a uniform cut without a trace of fibers. This means additional protection against fungal growth in the panel. As described above, the non-proliferation of fungi is a crucial factor for the use of this type of panels as a lining of car interiors. - Water jet cutting presents difficulties in cutting hybrid panels with double lining of polyester fabric. The flexibility of polyester fibers causes them to absorb part of the amount of abrasive particle movement, losing these much of their cutting capacity. The result is a fabric that looks torn and poorly cut. On the contrary, the method proposed in the present patent vaporizes and seals said fibers to the base material of the panel without leaving practically gaps in which the fungi can grow.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓNPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
El método de corte de paneles híbridos para revestimiento de interiores de automóviles objeto de la presente patente, consiste en someter el panel a la acción de la radiación láser. El corte con el haz láser se realizará preferiblemente en frío una vez el panel ha sido extraído de su molde con objeto de darle la forma y dimensiones definitivas. Los mejores resultados se obtienen cuando el panel ha sido completamente forrado, tanto
en su cara interior como en la exterior. El panel híbrido que se desea cortar, se sitúa sobre un soporte apropiado a sus dimensiones en un sistema móvil. Este sistema estará conectado a un sistema de control automático de la posición del panel. El haz láser es conducido por medio de uno o más espejos hacia la pieza a cortar. Aunque el haz puede incidir sobre la pieza con un cierto ángulo, los mejores resultados se han obtenido para una incidencia normal a la misma. Dicha pieza se situará de tal forma que el haz láser siempre incida sobre la cara exterior o cara vista del panel híbrido. Con el objeto de incrementar al seguridad del proceso, el camino del haz láser se encierra mediante un tubo protector. La radiación láser puede provenir de un equipo láser de cualquier longitud de onda como, por ejemplo, un láser de CO2, de CO, de N2, de Nd:YAG, de Er.YAG, deThe method of cutting hybrid panels for interior lining of automobiles object of the present patent is to subject the panel to the action of laser radiation. Cutting with the laser beam will preferably be done cold once the panel has been removed from its mold in order to give it the final shape and dimensions. The best results are obtained when the panel has been completely lined, both on its inner face as on the outside. The hybrid panel to be cut is placed on a support appropriate to its dimensions in a mobile system. This system will be connected to an automatic panel position control system. The laser beam is driven by means of one or more mirrors towards the piece to be cut. Although the beam can affect the piece at a certain angle, the best results have been obtained for a normal incidence to it. Said piece will be placed in such a way that the laser beam always strikes the outer face or exposed face of the hybrid panel. In order to increase the safety of the process, the path of the laser beam is enclosed by a protective tube. The laser radiation can come from a laser device of any wavelength such as, for example, a CO2, CO, N2, Nd: YAG, Er.YAG, laser
Nd:vidrio, de Rubí, de HeNe, de HeCd, de HeHg, de Cu, del, de Ar, deNd: glass, Ruby, HeNe, HeCd, HeHg, Cu, del, Ar, de
Kr, de diodo, químicos, de excímeros, de alejandrita, de esmeralda o de colorante. De todos modos los mejores resultados se han obtenido utilizando un láser de CO2. La potencia necesaria para este tipo de láseres puede estar entre los 50 y los 3000 W, habiéndose obtenido los mejores resultados cuando se trabaja con un potencia de entre 300 y 1000 W. El haz láser es focalizado sobre la superficie del panel híbrido por medio de una lente. Esta lente tendrá preferentemente una longitud focal de entre 100 yKr, diode, chemical, excimer, alexandrite, emerald or dye. Anyway, the best results have been obtained using a CO2 laser. The necessary power for this type of lasers can be between 50 and 3000 W, having obtained the best results when working with a power of between 300 and 1000 W. The laser beam is focused on the surface of the hybrid panel by means of a lens This lens will preferably have a focal length of between 100 and
300 mm y estará realizada de tal forma y en un material tal que permita la transmisión de la energía del haz láser. Para la obtención de una calidad óptima de la pared del corte es preferible realizar el corte a velocidades de entre 50 y 200 mm/s. De este modo la densidad de energía alcanzada sobre el panel híbrido es tal que permite vaporizar directamente el volumen de panel irradiado por el haz láser, fundiendo una pequeña capa lateral del mismo, la cual, al enfriarse, sella la pared del corte. Esto da como resultado un corte con una excelente calidad que impide el crecimiento de
g300 mm and will be made in such a way and in a material that allows the transmission of the energy of the laser beam. In order to obtain an optimum quality of the wall of the cut it is preferable to perform the cut at speeds of between 50 and 200 mm / s. In this way the energy density reached on the hybrid panel is such that it allows to vaporize directly the volume of panel irradiated by the laser beam, melting a small lateral layer thereof, which, when cooled, seals the wall of the cut. This results in a cut with excellent quality that prevents the growth of g
hongos en el interior del panel. Aunque el proceso no requiere el aporte de gas alguno, puede utilizarse un pequeño flujo de un gas protector de la lente. Dicho gas puede ser oxidante (O2, Cθ2?, aire comprimido) o inerte (N2, Ar, He, Ne). Los mejores resultados se han obtenido utilizando nitrógeno a una presión entre 0.1 y 1 xlO^ Pa.fungi inside the panel. Although the process does not require any gas, a small flow of a protective gas from the lens can be used. Said gas can be oxidizing (O2, Cθ2 ?, Compressed air) or inert (N2, Ar, He, Ne). The best results have been obtained using nitrogen at a pressure between 0.1 and 1 xlO Pa.
Un ejemplo práctico de corte de paneles híbridos para revestimiento de interiores de automóviles es el siguiente: Paneles de polipropileno (de 5 mm de espesor) reforzado mediante fibras de lino, con forros interior y exterior de poliéster son cortados por medio de un láser deA practical example of cutting hybrid panels for car interiors is the following: Polypropylene panels (5 mm thick) reinforced by linen fibers, with polyester inner and outer linings are cut by means of a laser
CO2 ( λ= 10.6 μm) trabajando en modo continuo, con gas nitrógeno a una presión de 0.2x10^ Pa, utilizando una lente de seleniuro de zinc de 120 mm de distancia focal y con una potencia del láser de 200 W. En estas condiciones se obtuvieron cortes de excelente calidad a una velocidad de 67 mm/s. Estos cortes presentaron unas paredes perfectamente selladas sin presencia de fibras, de tejidos rasgados o fracturados y pasando con éxito los ensayos normalizados de cata de olores y de crecimiento de hongos.CO2 (λ = 10.6 μm) working in continuous mode, with nitrogen gas at a pressure of 0.2x10 ^ Pa, using a zinc selenide lens of 120 mm focal length and with a laser power of 200 W. Under these conditions excellent quality cuts were obtained at a speed of 67 mm / s. These cuts presented perfectly sealed walls without the presence of fibers, torn or fractured tissues and successfully passing the standardized tests for odor tasting and fungal growth.
Una vez descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la presente invención, así como una forma de llevarla a la práctica, sólo queda añadir que en su conjunto y partes que lo componen es posible introducir cambios de forma, materiales y de disposición siempre y cuando dichas alteraciones no varíen sustancialmente dicha invención.
Once the nature of the present invention has been sufficiently described, as well as a way of putting it into practice, it only remains to be added that as a whole and its component parts it is possible to introduce changes in shape, materials and arrangement as long as said alterations are not substantially vary said invention.
Claims
R E T V T N D T A C T O N S R E T V T N D T A C T O N S
Ia.- Método para el corte de paneles híbridos para revestimiento de interiores de automóviles, en el que el panel híbrido a cortar está compuesto de un termoplástico (polipropileno o poliuretano), reforzado por fibras naturales (lino, yute, cáñamo, sisal) y forrado por tejidos (naturales o sintéticos) en sus caras interior y exterior, caracterizado porque en el mismo se establecen las siguientes fases operativas:I a .- Method for cutting hybrid panels for car interiors, in which the hybrid panel to be cut is composed of a thermoplastic (polypropylene or polyurethane), reinforced by natural fibers (linen, jute, hemp, sisal) and lined by fabrics (natural or synthetic) on its inner and outer faces, characterized in that the following operational phases are established:
a) Posicionamiento del panel a cortar sobre un soporte adecuado a sus dimensiones, en un sistema móvil conectado a un equipo cualquiera de control de la posición del panel. b) Irradiación del panel por medio de un haz láser. c) Movimiento relativo entre el panel y el haz láser. d) Evaporación del volumen de panel irradiado y fusión de una capa adyacente dé material de tal forma que la pared del corte queda sellada, sin aspecto fibroso ni rasgado o fracturado.a) Positioning of the panel to be cut on a support adapted to its dimensions, in a mobile system connected to any equipment for controlling the position of the panel. b) Irradiation of the panel by means of a laser beam. c) Relative movement between the panel and the laser beam. d) Evaporation of the volume of irradiated panel and fusion of an adjacent layer of material in such a way that the wall of the cut is sealed, without fibrous appearance or torn or fractured.
2a.- Método, según la reivindicación Ia, caracterizado porque el posicionamiento del panel sobre el soporte se realiza de forma que el haz láser incida siempre sobre la cara exterior o cara vista del panel.2 .- A method according to claim I, characterized in that the positioning of the panel on the support is performed so that the laser beam is always incident on the outer side or face view of the panel.
3a.- Método, según la reivindicación Ia, caracterizado porque el equipo láser utilizado es de CO2.3 .- A method according to claim I, wherein the equipment used is CO2 laser.
4a.- Método, según la reivindicación Ia y 3a, caracterizado porque el haz láser genera una potencia comprendida entre 50 vatios y 3000 vatios, preferentemente entre 300 y 1000 vatios.
5a.- Método, según la reivindicación Ia, caracterizado porque el haz láser es focalizado sobre la superficie del panel híbrido por medio de una lente.4 .- A method according to claim I to 3 and, wherein the laser beam generates a power comprised between 50 watts and 3000 watts, preferably between 300 and 1000 watts. 5 .- A method according to claim I, wherein the laser beam is focused on the surface of the hybrid panel by means of a lens.
6a.- Método, según la reivindicación 5a, caracterizado porque la lente tiene preferentemente una longitud focal comprendida entre 100 y 300 milímetros.6 .- Method according to claim 5, wherein the lens preferably has a focal length between 100 and 300 millimeters.
7a.- Método, según la reivindicación Ia y 3a, caracterizado porque la velocidad de corte está comprendida preferentemente entre 50 y 200 mm/s.7 .- Method according to claim I to 3 and characterized in that the cutting speed is preferably between 50 and 200 mm / s.
8a.- Método, según la reivindicación Ia, caracterizado porque como purga o gas auxiliar al tratamiento de láser se utiliza indistintamente un gas oxidante o un gas inerte.8 .- method according to claim I, characterized in that as auxiliary gas to purge or laser treatment is used interchangeably an oxidizing gas or an inert gas.
9a.- Método, según la reivindicación Ia, caracterizado porque el sistema móvil para desplazamiento relativo entre el panel y el haz láser se conecta a cualquier equipo de control posicional de la pieza, consistente en un robot, en una mesa de coordenadas o en una combinación de ambos sistemas.9 .- Method according to claim Ia, wherein the mobile system for relative movement between the panel and the laser beam is connected to any equipment positional control of the workpiece, consisting of a robot in a coordinate table or in a combination of both systems.
10 a.- Panel híbrido compuesto de un termoplástico (polipropileno o poliuretano) reforzado por fibras naturales (lino, yute, cáñamo, sisal) y forrado por tejidos (naturales o sintéticos) en sus caras interior y exterior, cortado mediante un método de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones Ia a 9a.
10 .- Panel hybrid composed of a (polypropylene or polyurethane) thermoplastic reinforced by natural fibers (flax, jute, hemp, sisal) and covered by fabrics (natural or synthetic) on their inner and outer faces, cut by a method according with claims I a to 9 a .
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ESP0101255 | 2001-05-31 | ||
| ES200101255A ES2178972B1 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2001-05-31 | METHOD FOR CUTTING HYBRID PANELS FOR COVERING CAR INTERIOR. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002096716A1 true WO2002096716A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
Family
ID=8497905
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2002/000264 WO2002096716A1 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2002-05-31 | Method of cutting hybrid panels used to line motor vehicle interiors |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2178972B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002096716A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017107009A1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | 中航复材（北京）科技有限公司 | Structural and decorative composite material, preparation method therefor, and article containing same |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1483256A (en) * | 1974-08-17 | 1977-08-17 | Clarke Chapman Ltd | Machining workpieces |
| WO2000000320A1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-01-06 | Automated Welding Systems Incorporated | Method of laser welding tailored blanks |
| US6140606A (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2000-10-31 | Lillbacka Jetair Oy | Laser cutting system |
| WO2001025055A1 (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2001-04-12 | Lear Corporation | Sandwich structural door inner panel |
-
2001
- 2001-05-31 ES ES200101255A patent/ES2178972B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-05-31 WO PCT/ES2002/000264 patent/WO2002096716A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1483256A (en) * | 1974-08-17 | 1977-08-17 | Clarke Chapman Ltd | Machining workpieces |
| WO2000000320A1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-01-06 | Automated Welding Systems Incorporated | Method of laser welding tailored blanks |
| US6140606A (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2000-10-31 | Lillbacka Jetair Oy | Laser cutting system |
| WO2001025055A1 (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2001-04-12 | Lear Corporation | Sandwich structural door inner panel |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017107009A1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | 中航复材（北京）科技有限公司 | Structural and decorative composite material, preparation method therefor, and article containing same |
| US11701870B2 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2023-07-18 | Acc (Beijing) Science And Technology Co., Ltd. | Structural and decorative composite material, preparation method therefor, and article containing same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2178972A1 (en) | 2003-01-01 |
| ES2178972B1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
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