WO2002093087A1 - An improved solar collector panel - Google Patents

An improved solar collector panel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002093087A1
WO2002093087A1 PCT/GB2002/002218 GB0202218W WO02093087A1 WO 2002093087 A1 WO2002093087 A1 WO 2002093087A1 GB 0202218 W GB0202218 W GB 0202218W WO 02093087 A1 WO02093087 A1 WO 02093087A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
solar collector
collector panel
panel
conduit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2002/002218
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Leo Lamb
Original Assignee
Lambco Holdings Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lambco Holdings Limited filed Critical Lambco Holdings Limited
Publication of WO2002093087A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002093087A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
    • F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved solar collector panel.
  • the panels generally include a system of convoluted pipes that contain a heat transfer medium, such as water, which takes a long time to heat up. Additionally, an evacuated enclosure is usually provided around the heat transfer medium pipe to prevent loss of energy. A separate condensor is also attached to the top of the solar panel. Whilst these systems are satisfactory, the transfer of heat between a ' number of separate entities results in a substantial amount of heat being lost between each exchanger thus reducing the overall efficiency of the system.
  • the present invention provides a solar collector panel comprising a self-contained partially evacuated unit containing an amount of working fluid and at least one conduit passing through said unit for transportation of a heat transfer medium.
  • an intended outer surface of the unit is blackened.
  • a substantially transparent cover is preferably provided over at least part of the unit.
  • the cover may be comprised of a double layer.
  • the conduit is preferably provided towards an intended upper end of the unit.
  • the unit is rectangular, for example, being comprised of two parallel spaced apart sheets that are joined together to provide an internal cavity.
  • the outer surface of at least one sheet is preferably blackened.
  • a substantially transparent cover may be placed over the intended front sheet and sealed around the unit.
  • the cover may be comprised of glass or a suitable plastics material.
  • the plastics material is comprised of a double layer with only a small distance (preferably, less than 2cm) between each layer.
  • a single conduit for example, in the form of a pipe may be provided through the unit to act as a heat exchanger.
  • the pipe is provided towards the intended upper area of the unit such that the vapour in the unit rises and contacts the pipe.
  • more than one pipe may be provided or a single pipe may enter the unit and branch of into two or more pipes, converging together at the other side of the unit before exiting the cavity.
  • the heat transfer medium flowing through the conduit is preferably water.
  • the conduit is preferably connected to the conventional mains water system.
  • the unit may be tubular.
  • a transparent cover is provided around the unit. More preferably, the tubular unit is sealed within the cover and a partial vacuum is provided between the unit and the cover.
  • a conduit is provided in contact with the unit, preferably along the upper surface thereof. The conduit may be connected to manifold.
  • the unit should be provided with means for evacuation thereof and for introduction of the working fluid.
  • the inner surface of the walls of the cavity are preferably regular to minimize heat loss from the surface of the unit.
  • the working fluid is water. More preferably, the volume of working fluid provided in the unit is such as to act as a temperature limiter wherein a predetermined maximum temperature can be obtained.
  • a vacuum of 29.85 inches Hg (101083.74 Nnr 2 ) is provided in the cavity.
  • the panel comprises a partially evacuated self-contained rectangular unit 2 of a suitable conductive material, such as mild steel.
  • the unit may have substantially parallel sides walls having a length of around lm and a height of around 0.5m with a joining wall to provide a breadth of around 2cm therebetween.
  • At least the intended front face of the unit is blackened to assist in absorbance of solar radiation.
  • the unit has means, such as a • valve (not shown) for evacuating its internal cavity 4 and for introducing a small amount of working fluid, such as water, into the cavity.
  • a transparent cover (not shown), such as a double layered plastics material or glass, is placed over and sealed around the unit to provide insulating means..
  • the panel is preferably mounted at an angle to the horizontal. .
  • a vacuum of around 29.85 inches Hg (101083.74 Nnr 2 ) is preferably provided in the internal cavity.
  • Water from the mains supply is able to flow through the pipe 6, entering one side A of the panel and exiting at the other side B.
  • solar energy passes through the transparent cover of the panel and the walls of the unit and heats up the working fluid in the internal cavity causing it to vaporize and rise up the unit.
  • the vapour comes into contact with the pipe 6 which, as the pipe contains water of a lower temperature, results in the vapour transferring its energy to the pipe and water that passes therethrough causing condensation of the vapour.
  • a solar panel according to the present invention has been shown to heat water up to a temperature of 50°C on a cloudy day.
  • the solar panel of the present invention would be suitable for providing a source of heated water even in countries which do not have sunny climates.
  • the panel of the present invention provides a simple, lightweight and cheap solar collector that would be affordable to the general public.
  • the provision of a unit having an integral condensor pipe within the cavity of the unit reduces the amount of heat loss between respective components of the panel.
  • the provision of a unit having parallel walls and inner cavity with a regular surface also reduces heat loss compared with panels that use heatpipes due to shadowing occurring around the pipes.
  • a partially evacuated tubular heatpipe is surrounded by and sealed within a transparent tube, the cavity between the heatpipe and tube also having a partial vacuum.
  • An integral condensor pipe is attached to the upper surface of the heatpipe and the pipe may lead to a manifold where it may be used to heat water.
  • the present invention is preferably provided with a particular amount of working fluid such that the vapourization of the fluid acts as a temperature limiter thereby avoiding the need to include a mechanical limiter within the panel.
  • a particular amount of working fluid such that the vapourization of the fluid acts as a temperature limiter thereby avoiding the need to include a mechanical limiter within the panel.
  • This is achieved by having the condensor pipe submerged in the internal cavity such that the pipe will eventually reach the same temperature as the surrounding vapour.
  • all the working fluid will be vapourized and the pipe will be the same temperature as the internal cavity, thus limiting the temperature of the panel since there is no working fluid left to vapourise for providing additional energy to raise the temperature further.
  • an amount of working fluid is provided in the unit that will provide a temperature of between 83°C to 96°C thus preventing boiling of the water in the pipe and thus the secondary water system.

Abstract

A solar collector panel (1) comprising a self-contained partially evacuated unit (2) containing an amount of working fluid and at least one conduit (6) passing through said unit for transportation of a heat transfer medium. The volume of working fluid in the cavity is pre-determined such that it serves to act as a temperature limiter.

Description

Title: An improved solar collector panel.
DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to an improved solar collector panel.
A wide range of different solar panels have been developed over the years for providing means for enabling efficient collection of the sun's radiation whereby, for example, domestic water supplies may be heated. However, the panels generally include a system of convoluted pipes that contain a heat transfer medium, such as water, which takes a long time to heat up. Additionally, an evacuated enclosure is usually provided around the heat transfer medium pipe to prevent loss of energy. A separate condensor is also attached to the top of the solar panel. Whilst these systems are satisfactory, the transfer of heat between a' number of separate entities results in a substantial amount of heat being lost between each exchanger thus reducing the overall efficiency of the system.
The complex construction of the prior art panels also results in these articles being expensive. Thus, until now, solar collector panels have not been available to the vast majority of the general public due to the high cost thereof. Additionally, the prior art panels are heavy. This is not ideal given that the preferred location for a solar panel is on a roof of a building. Solar panels normally include mechanical temperature limiters to ensure that the temperature of the system does not become too high which could cause a boil up within the system. However, such parts may break down and thus no longer prevent a boil up from occurring. These parts also add to the cost of the panel.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a solar collector panel that is sufficiently efficient for heating, for example, a domestic water supply but is of a simple construction and cheap to manufacture.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a solar collector panel that does not require a mechanical temperature limiter to restrict the maximum operating temperature of the collector.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a solar collector panel comprising a self-contained partially evacuated unit containing an amount of working fluid and at least one conduit passing through said unit for transportation of a heat transfer medium.
Preferably, an intended outer surface of the unit is blackened. A substantially transparent cover is preferably provided over at least part of the unit. The cover may be comprised of a double layer.
The conduit is preferably provided towards an intended upper end of the unit.
Preferably, the unit is rectangular, for example, being comprised of two parallel spaced apart sheets that are joined together to provide an internal cavity. The outer surface of at least one sheet is preferably blackened. A substantially transparent cover may be placed over the intended front sheet and sealed around the unit. The cover may be comprised of glass or a suitable plastics material. Preferably, the plastics material is comprised of a double layer with only a small distance (preferably, less than 2cm) between each layer.
A single conduit, for example, in the form of a pipe may be provided through the unit to act as a heat exchanger. Preferably the pipe is provided towards the intended upper area of the unit such that the vapour in the unit rises and contacts the pipe. Alternatively, more than one pipe may be provided or a single pipe may enter the unit and branch of into two or more pipes, converging together at the other side of the unit before exiting the cavity. However, there is no requirement for a separate condensor system attached to the panel. The heat transfer medium flowing through the conduit is preferably water. The conduit is preferably connected to the conventional mains water system.
Alternatively, the unit may be tubular. Preferably, a transparent cover is provided around the unit. More preferably, the tubular unit is sealed within the cover and a partial vacuum is provided between the unit and the cover. A conduit is provided in contact with the unit, preferably along the upper surface thereof. The conduit may be connected to manifold. It is to be appreciated that the unit should be provided with means for evacuation thereof and for introduction of the working fluid. Additionally, the inner surface of the walls of the cavity are preferably regular to minimize heat loss from the surface of the unit. Preferably, the working fluid is water. More preferably, the volume of working fluid provided in the unit is such as to act as a temperature limiter wherein a predetermined maximum temperature can be obtained. This is achieved by providing an amount of working fluid that is fully vaporized at the maximum temperature to be obtained. It is preferable to provide a maximum temperature in the range 83°C to 96°C, more preferably 85°C to •87°C, especially 86°C since these temperature will provide sufficiently hot water for use in applications such as washing and bathing but would prevent boil up of the water in the conventional water system linked to the solar panel. It has been found that a volume of 10% ± 2.5% working fluid (such as water) relative to the volume of cavity of the unit provides an effective temperature limiter within the system. This is for a vacuum of between 29.82 inches Hg (100982.14 Nnr2) to 29.91 inches Hg (101286.92 Nnr2). Preferably a vacuum of 29.85 inches Hg (101083.74 Nnr2) is provided in the cavity. For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect reference will now be made by way of example only to the accompanying drawing which is a schematic diagram of a solar collector panel according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, a solar collector panel 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The panel comprises a partially evacuated self-contained rectangular unit 2 of a suitable conductive material, such as mild steel. For example, the unit may have substantially parallel sides walls having a length of around lm and a height of around 0.5m with a joining wall to provide a breadth of around 2cm therebetween. At least the intended front face of the unit is blackened to assist in absorbance of solar radiation. The unit has means, such as a • valve (not shown) for evacuating its internal cavity 4 and for introducing a small amount of working fluid, such as water, into the cavity. A pipe 6, in thermal connection with the unit, runs through the internal cavity and is connected by suitable means to the standard domestic water system. A transparent cover (not shown), such as a double layered plastics material or glass, is placed over and sealed around the unit to provide insulating means.. The panel is preferably mounted at an angle to the horizontal. .
A vacuum of around 29.85 inches Hg (101083.74 Nnr2 ) is preferably provided in the internal cavity. Water from the mains supply is able to flow through the pipe 6, entering one side A of the panel and exiting at the other side B. In operation, solar energy passes through the transparent cover of the panel and the walls of the unit and heats up the working fluid in the internal cavity causing it to vaporize and rise up the unit. The vapour comes into contact with the pipe 6 which, as the pipe contains water of a lower temperature, results in the vapour transferring its energy to the pipe and water that passes therethrough causing condensation of the vapour. A solar panel according to the present invention has been shown to heat water up to a temperature of 50°C on a cloudy day. This temperature rise is sufficient to provide domestic hot water for washing and bathing. Thus, the solar panel of the present invention would be suitable for providing a source of heated water even in countries which do not have sunny climates. The panel of the present invention provides a simple, lightweight and cheap solar collector that would be affordable to the general public. Additionally, the provision of a unit having an integral condensor pipe within the cavity of the unit reduces the amount of heat loss between respective components of the panel. The provision of a unit having parallel walls and inner cavity with a regular surface also reduces heat loss compared with panels that use heatpipes due to shadowing occurring around the pipes.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a partially evacuated tubular heatpipe is surrounded by and sealed within a transparent tube, the cavity between the heatpipe and tube also having a partial vacuum. An integral condensor pipe is attached to the upper surface of the heatpipe and the pipe may lead to a manifold where it may be used to heat water.
Additionally, the present invention is preferably provided with a particular amount of working fluid such that the vapourization of the fluid acts as a temperature limiter thereby avoiding the need to include a mechanical limiter within the panel. This is achieved by having the condensor pipe submerged in the internal cavity such that the pipe will eventually reach the same temperature as the surrounding vapour. At a given point after receiving a sufficient amount of solar energy, all the working fluid will be vapourized and the pipe will be the same temperature as the internal cavity, thus limiting the temperature of the panel since there is no working fluid left to vapourise for providing additional energy to raise the temperature further. Preferably, an amount of working fluid is provided in the unit that will provide a temperature of between 83°C to 96°C thus preventing boiling of the water in the pipe and thus the secondary water system.
It has been found that if around 10% (±2.5) of the internal cavity is provided with working fluid, this amount of working fluid is sufficient to limit the temperature of the panel to below 90°C. For example, for a box that is 101.6cm (40") by 38.10cm (15") by 1.59cm (5/8") and thus, has a volume of 6154.83 cm3 (370 cubic inches), 615.48cm3 (37 cubic inches) of working fluid provided a maximum temperature of around 91°C. This prevents the temperature reaching a level which could cause boiling of the water in the main system which is a safety hazard.

Claims

CLAIMS '
1. A solar collector panel (l) comprising a self-contained partially
evacuated unit (2) containing an amount of working fluid and at least
one conduit (6) passing through said unit for transportation of a heat
transfer medium.
2. A solar collector panel as claimed in claim 1 wherein an intended outer
surface of the unit is blackened.
3. A solar collector panel as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein a
substantially transparent cover is provided over at least part of the unit.
4. A solar collector panel as claimed in claim 3 wherein the transparent
cover is comprised of a double layer.
5. A solar collector panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein
the conduit (6) is provided towards an intended upper area of the unit
(2).
6. A solar collector panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein a
single conduit (6) enters the unit and branches out into two or more
conduits that converge together before exiting the unit.
7. A solar collector panel as claimed in any one of the preceding claims
wherein the heat transfer medium is water.-
8. A solar collector panel as claimed in any one of the preceding claims .
wherein the conduit (6) is connected to a conventional mains water
system.
9. A solar collector panel as claimed in any one of the preceding claims
wherein the unit (2) is rectangular.
10. A solar collector panel as claimed in claim 9 wherein the unit is
comprised of two parallel spaced apart sheets joined together to
provide an internal cavity.
11. A solar collector panel as claimed in claim 10 wherein the outer surface
of at least one sheet is blackened.
12. A solar collector panel as claimed in claim 10 or claim 11 wherein a
substantially transparent cover is placed over an intended front sheet
and sealed around the unit.
13. A solar collector panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein
the unit tubular.
14. A solar collector panel as claimed in claim 13 wherein a transparent
cover is provided around the unit and a partial vacuum is provided
between the unit and the cover.
15. A solar collector panel as claimed in claim 13 or claim 14 wherein the
conduit is provided in contact with an intended upper surface of the tubular unit.
16. A solar collector panel as claimed in any one of the preceding claims
wherein a predetermined volume of working fluid is provided in the unit, the volume of fluid acting as a temperature limiter to enable a
specified maximum temperature to be obtained.
17. A solar collector panel as claimed in claim 16 wherein a maximum
temperature of 83°C to 96°C is obtainable.
18. A solar collector panel as claimed in claim 16 or claim 17 wherein a
volume of 10% ± 2.5% working fluid relative to the volume of the cavity
is provided for a vacuum of 29.82 inches Hg (100982.14 Nnr2) to 29.91
inches Hg (101286.92 Nm"2) within the cavity.
PCT/GB2002/002218 2001-05-17 2002-05-16 An improved solar collector panel WO2002093087A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0111993.2A GB0111993D0 (en) 2001-05-17 2001-05-17 An improved solar collector panel
GB0111993.2 2001-05-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002093087A1 true WO2002093087A1 (en) 2002-11-21

Family

ID=9914770

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2002/002218 WO2002093087A1 (en) 2001-05-17 2002-05-16 An improved solar collector panel

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB0111993D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2002093087A1 (en)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3923038A (en) * 1974-07-18 1975-12-02 John M Cutchaw Solar energy collector panel
JPS5671763A (en) * 1979-11-15 1981-06-15 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Solar heat collector of heat panel type
JPS5855645A (en) * 1981-09-29 1983-04-02 Fuji Electric Corp Res & Dev Ltd Solar heat collector
NL9002496A (en) * 1990-11-15 1992-06-01 Beijer Rtb B V De Solar heating system for domestic or industrial use - has high efficiency heat transfer system through vapour phase internal recycling of transfer media
DE19515305A1 (en) * 1995-04-21 1996-11-21 Adalbert Prof Dr Ing Ding Energy converter esp. solar collector with low IR absorption and emission
DE19702080A1 (en) * 1997-01-22 1998-07-23 Ernoe Wittenberger Flat heat exchanger for solar collector

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3923038A (en) * 1974-07-18 1975-12-02 John M Cutchaw Solar energy collector panel
JPS5671763A (en) * 1979-11-15 1981-06-15 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Solar heat collector of heat panel type
JPS5855645A (en) * 1981-09-29 1983-04-02 Fuji Electric Corp Res & Dev Ltd Solar heat collector
NL9002496A (en) * 1990-11-15 1992-06-01 Beijer Rtb B V De Solar heating system for domestic or industrial use - has high efficiency heat transfer system through vapour phase internal recycling of transfer media
DE19515305A1 (en) * 1995-04-21 1996-11-21 Adalbert Prof Dr Ing Ding Energy converter esp. solar collector with low IR absorption and emission
DE19702080A1 (en) * 1997-01-22 1998-07-23 Ernoe Wittenberger Flat heat exchanger for solar collector

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 005, no. 139 (M - 086) 3 September 1981 (1981-09-03) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 145 (M - 224) 24 June 1983 (1983-06-24) *

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Publication number Publication date
GB0111993D0 (en) 2001-07-04

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