WO2002091399A1 - Device for the subcutaneous transfer of energy or data - Google Patents

Device for the subcutaneous transfer of energy or data Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002091399A1
WO2002091399A1 PCT/EP2002/004919 EP0204919W WO02091399A1 WO 2002091399 A1 WO2002091399 A1 WO 2002091399A1 EP 0204919 W EP0204919 W EP 0204919W WO 02091399 A1 WO02091399 A1 WO 02091399A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
magnetic nanoparticles
magnetic
energy
systems
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PCT/EP2002/004919
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hendrik Heinze
Tobias Merkel
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Berlin Heart Ag
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Publication of WO2002091399A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002091399A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/44—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for subcutaneous transmission of energy and / or data according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • coil systems are inductively coupled, which can transmit relatively large amounts of energy if appropriately designed.
  • the core materials of the coil systems are made of a non-electrical material or if a ferritic material is used.
  • soft iron materials is particularly advantageous due to the low hysteresis.
  • the construction of such coupling systems must meet special requirements.
  • the main difference to the technical systems known per se, in addition to the relatively low power to be transmitted, is the limitation of the field strength in the transmission. area, that is in the area of body tissue. Only a few millitesla (mT) are permitted here. Radiation to surrounding tissue areas is also not permitted. Furthermore, the maximum permissible heating of the system also limits the system design. This results in the need to create large-area thin coil systems that are as light as possible.
  • WO 00/01442 describes a device for transcutaneous energy transfer, which also uses ferritic sintered materials as core materials. The materials described here can only be used to a limited extent for these required purposes.
  • the invention has for its object to use core materials in inductively operating coupling systems for subcutaneous energy and data transmission, which have a high flexibility of the coil systems with an increase in the degree of efficiency.
  • the device for subcutaneous transmission of energy and / or data by inductive coupling is composed of a primary coil system and a secondary coil system, which are combined with core materials, characterized in that a flexible, gel-like or liquid material in which magnetic nanoparticles are dispersed is arranged as the core material in at least one of the coil systems.
  • the liquid core material is a magnetic liquid.
  • the magnetic nanoparticles in the core material ⁇ have a size of 3 - 100 nm.
  • the liquid dispersants for the nanoparticles are organic and / or inorganic solvents, the magnetic nanoparticles having stabilizing layers on their surface which largely prevent aggregation.
  • These stabilization layers contain surface-active substances.
  • the magnetic nanoparticles contained in the core materials according to the invention consist of maghemite, magnetite or mixed oxides such as cobalt ferrite or manganese-zinc ferrite as well as metallic iron and cobalt.
  • viscosity-regulating additives are introduced into the solvents, so. in this way i.a. gel-like material properties are generated.
  • Polymers have proven themselves as viscosity-regulating additives.
  • the core material contains up to 35 vol% magnetic nanoparticles.
  • the non-dimensionally stable gel-like and liquid core materials are encapsulated according to the invention in a dimensionally stable manner in order to guarantee a maximum effect.
  • Dense flexible membranes are suitable as encapsulants.
  • the encapsulation of the magnetic fluids can advantageously take place with flexible membranes that are sealed for liquids of this type. This achieves a high degree of flexibility and adaptability of the device.
  • Magnetic liquids are stable dispersions with superparamagnetic properties.
  • the solid particles contained in this dispersion as a disperse phase do not sediment either in the earth's gravity or in the magnetic field. They essentially consist of three components.
  • the disperse magnetic component, the magnetic particles are solid particles made of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials, which have a size of approximately 3-100 nm. With this size, the magnetic particles already have soft magnetic properties due to their dimensions alone, ie a very small hysteresis.
  • the disperse phase which is present as nanometer particles, is stabilized by surface-active substances. In the dispersant referred to here as solvent, the nanometer particles are homogeneously and stably distributed.
  • the surface-active substances used for stabilization have amphiphilic, hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, so that the solvent can have both polar and non-polar properties.
  • gel-like or elastomeric materials e.g. Silicone or polyurethane
  • the base material can e.g. have already proven themselves for breast implants.
  • Maghemite, magnetite or mixed oxides such as cobalt ferrite or manganese-zinc ferrite are often used as magnetic particles.
  • the liquid phases can additionally viscosity-changing substances such.
  • B. contain polymers.
  • at least the coil system which is intended for subcutaneous implantation will be constructed in the manner according to the invention, the structure of the two coil systems not necessarily having to be symmetrical.
  • Fig. 1 shows a basic structure of an open coupling system in a schematic representation
  • Fig. 2 shows a basic structure of a closed coupling system in a schematic representation.
  • the coil system 1 consists of two coil systems 1 and 2, each with a coil 3, each of which is encased by a housing 4.
  • the coil system 1 is implanted in the body of a patient so that it is under the skin 5 comes to rest.
  • the coil cores consist of a magnetic liquid 6, which is surrounded by a membrane 7 made of a suitable body-compatible material.
  • coil systems 1 and 2 in which the coils are completely embedded in pot cores, which in turn consist of a magnetic liquid 6.
  • the magnetic liquid is introduced into hollow shaped bodies 8 made of a flexible, body-compatible material.
  • Fig. 2 is a closed system comparable to a pot core. This enables all advantageous conditions to be met, that is to say that the device according to the invention can be implemented as a flexible, large-area and thin system with a high degree of efficiency and a small stray field.
  • the design according to the invention as a flexible, very flat pillow can only be achieved by using the liquid phase made of magnetic particles used according to the invention.

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to use core materials in inductive coupling systems for the subcutaneous transfer of energy or data, which exhibit great flexibility in their coil systems and increase effectivity. This is achieved by an inductive coupling, consisting of a primary coil system and a secondary coil system, which are combined with core materials. Said coupling is characterised in that a flexible gel-type or encapsulated liquid material is used as the core material of at least one of the coil systems, said material containing dispersed magnetic nanoparticles.

Description

Vorrichtung zur subkutanen Übertragung von Energie oderDevice for subcutaneous transfer of energy or
DatenData
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur subkutanen Übertragung von Energie und/oder Daten gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a device for subcutaneous transmission of energy and / or data according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Vorrichtungen zur drahtlosen Energie- und Datenübertragung sind bekannt. Hierbei werden Spulensysteme induktiv gekoppelt, die bei entsprechender Auslegung relativ große Energiemengen übertragen können. Im Hinblick auf die optimale Ausbildung eines Magnetfeldes ist es zweckmäßig, wenn die Kernmaterialien der Spulensysteme aus einem nichtelektrischen Werkstoff gefertigt sind bzw. wenn ein ferritischer Werkstoff eingesetzt wird. Der Einsatz sogenannter Weicheisenmaterialien ist dabei von besonderem Vorteil aufgrund einer geringen Hysterese. Für eine Anwendung in der Medizintechnik muß die Konstruktion solcher Koppelsysteme besondere Anforderungen erfüllen. Hauptunterschied zu den an sich bekannten technischen Systemen ist neben der verhältnismäßig geringen zu übertragen- den Leistung die Limitierung der Feldstärke im Übertra- gungsbereich, das heißt im Bereich des Körpergewebes. Hier sind nur einige Millitesla (mT) zulässig. Ebenso ist eine Abstrahlung auf umliegende Gewebebereiche nicht zulässig. Des Weiteren begrenzt die maximal zulässige Erwärmung des Systems ebenfalls die Systemauslegung. Hieraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, großflächige dünne Spulensysteme zu schaffen, die möglichst leicht gebaut sind.Devices for wireless energy and data transmission are known. Here, coil systems are inductively coupled, which can transmit relatively large amounts of energy if appropriately designed. With regard to the optimal formation of a magnetic field, it is expedient if the core materials of the coil systems are made of a non-electrical material or if a ferritic material is used. The use of so-called soft iron materials is particularly advantageous due to the low hysteresis. For use in medical technology, the construction of such coupling systems must meet special requirements. The main difference to the technical systems known per se, in addition to the relatively low power to be transmitted, is the limitation of the field strength in the transmission. area, that is in the area of body tissue. Only a few millitesla (mT) are permitted here. Radiation to surrounding tissue areas is also not permitted. Furthermore, the maximum permissible heating of the system also limits the system design. This results in the need to create large-area thin coil systems that are as light as possible.
Eine weitere Forderung ergibt sich aus den Einsatzbedingungen direkt an der Haut und das Erfordernis, die Spulensys- teme flexibel auszulegen. Da die üblicherweise eingesetzten gesinterten Ferrite sehr hart und spröde sind, ist diese Forderung nicht mit Ferriten realisierbar, die zudem in kleinen Serien sehr unwirtschaftlich herzustellen sind.Another requirement arises from the conditions of use directly on the skin and the need to flexibly design the coil systems. Since the sintered ferrites usually used are very hard and brittle, this requirement cannot be met with ferrites, which are also very uneconomical to produce in small series.
In der WO 00/01442 ist eine Vorrichtung zur transkutanen Energieübertragung beschrieben, die ebenfalls ferritische Sintermaterialien als Kernmaterialien verwendet. Die hier beschriebenen Materialien sind nur bedingt für diese geforderte Zwecke einsetzbar.WO 00/01442 describes a device for transcutaneous energy transfer, which also uses ferritic sintered materials as core materials. The materials described here can only be used to a limited extent for these required purposes.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Kernmaterialien in induktiv arbeitenden KoppelSystemen zur subkutanen Energie- und Datenübertragung einzusetzen, die eine hohe Flexibilität der Spulensysteme bei einer Erhöhung des Wirkungs- grades aufweisen.The invention has for its object to use core materials in inductively operating coupling systems for subcutaneous energy and data transmission, which have a high flexibility of the coil systems with an increase in the degree of efficiency.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt mit dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1.The problem is solved with the characterizing part of claim 1.
Vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklungen sind in den Unteransprüchen offenbart .Advantageous further developments are disclosed in the subclaims.
So ist die Vorrichtung zur subkutanen Übertragung von Energie und/oder Daten durch induktive Kopplung, bestehend aus einem Primärspulensystem und einem Sekundärspulensystem, die mit Kernmaterialien kombiniert sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Kernmaterial in mindestens eines der Spulensysteme ein flexibles, gelartiges oder flüssiges Material angeordnet ist, in welchem magnetische Nanopartikel dispergiert sind.The device for subcutaneous transmission of energy and / or data by inductive coupling is composed of a primary coil system and a secondary coil system, which are combined with core materials, characterized in that a flexible, gel-like or liquid material in which magnetic nanoparticles are dispersed is arranged as the core material in at least one of the coil systems.
Das flüssige Kernmaterial ist eine magnetische Flüssigkeit.The liquid core material is a magnetic liquid.
Die magnetischen Nanopartikel im Kernmateriaϊ weisen eine Größe von 3 - 100 nm auf.The magnetic nanoparticles in the core materialϊ have a size of 3 - 100 nm.
Die flüssigen Dispersionsmittel für die Nanoteilchen sind organische und/oder anorganische Lösungsmittel, wobei die magnetischen Nanopartikel auf ihrer Oberfläche Stabilisierungsschichten aufweisen, die weitestgehend eine Aggregation verhindern.The liquid dispersants for the nanoparticles are organic and / or inorganic solvents, the magnetic nanoparticles having stabilizing layers on their surface which largely prevent aggregation.
Diese Stabilisierungsschichten enthalten grenzflächenakti- ve Substanzen.These stabilization layers contain surface-active substances.
Die erfindungsgemäß in den Kernmaterialien enhaltenen magnetischen Nanopartikel bestehen aus Maghemit, Magnetit oder Mischoxiden wie Kobaltferrit oder Mangan-Zinkferrit sowie metallischem Eisen und Kobalt.The magnetic nanoparticles contained in the core materials according to the invention consist of maghemite, magnetite or mixed oxides such as cobalt ferrite or manganese-zinc ferrite as well as metallic iron and cobalt.
In einer weiteren Ausbildung der Erfindung sind in den Lösungsmitteln Viskositätsregulierende Zusätze eingebracht, so. däss auf diese Weise u.a. gelartige Materialeigenschaften erzeugt werden.In a further embodiment of the invention, viscosity-regulating additives are introduced into the solvents, so. in this way i.a. gel-like material properties are generated.
Bewährt haben sich als Viskositätsregulierende Zusätze Polymere .Polymers have proven themselves as viscosity-regulating additives.
Im Kernmaterial sind bis zu 35 Vol% magnetische Nanopartikel enthalten.The core material contains up to 35 vol% magnetic nanoparticles.
Die nicht formbeständigen gelartigen und flüssigen Kernma- terialien werden erfindungsgemäß formstabil verkapselt, um eine maximale Wirkung zu garantieren. Als Verkapselungsmittel eignen sich dichte flexible Membrane .The non-dimensionally stable gel-like and liquid core materials are encapsulated according to the invention in a dimensionally stable manner in order to guarantee a maximum effect. Dense flexible membranes are suitable as encapsulants.
Die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten flexiblen, gelartigen oder flüssigen Materialien, in denen magnetische Nanopartikel dispergiert sind, weisen insbesondere bei der Anwendung geringer Arbeitsfeldstärke nahezu ideale Eigenschaften auf. Sie besitzen eine sehr hohe Permeabilität (μr = 500 - 800) bei einer elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von 0. und sie sind z.B. als magnetische Flüssigkeit nahezu in jeder beliebigen Viskosität verfügbar.The flexible, gel-like or liquid materials used according to the invention, in which magnetic nanoparticles are dispersed, have almost ideal properties, especially when using a low working field strength. They have a very high permeability (μr = 500 - 800) with an electrical conductivity of 0 and they are e.g. available as a magnetic liquid in almost any viscosity.
Die Kapselung der Magnetofluide kann vorteilhafterweise mit für Flüssigkeiten dieser Art dichten flexiben Membranen erfolgen. Dadurch wird eine hohe Flexibilität und Anpassungs- fähigkeit der Vorrichtung erreicht .The encapsulation of the magnetic fluids can advantageously take place with flexible membranes that are sealed for liquids of this type. This achieves a high degree of flexibility and adaptability of the device.
Magnetische Flüssigkeiten sind stabile Dispersionen mit su- perparamagnetischen Eigenschaften. Die in dieser Dispersion als disperse Phase enthaltenen Feststoffteilchen sedimen- tieren weder im Erdschwere- noch im Magnetfeld. Sie bestehen im Wesentlichen aus drei Komponenten. Die disperse magnetische Komponente, die Magnetteilchen, sind Feststoff- teilchen aus ferro- oder ferrimagnetischen Materialien, die eine Größe von ca. 3 - 100 nm aufweisen. Die magnetischen Partikel weisen bei dieser Größe allein durch ihre Abmessungen bereits weichmagnetische Eigenschaften, d.h. eine sehr kleine Hysterese, auf. Die als Nanometerteilchen vorliegende disperse Phase wird durch grenzflächenaktive Stoffe stabilisiert. In der hier als Lösungsmittel bezeichneten Dispersionsmittel sind die Nanometerteilchen homogen und stabil verteilt. Die eingesetzten, der Stabilisierung dienenden grenzflächenaktiven Stoffe weisen amphiphile, hydrophile als auch lipophile Eigenschaften auf, so dass das Lösungsmittel sowohl polare als auch unpolare Eigenschaften aufweisen kann.Magnetic liquids are stable dispersions with superparamagnetic properties. The solid particles contained in this dispersion as a disperse phase do not sediment either in the earth's gravity or in the magnetic field. They essentially consist of three components. The disperse magnetic component, the magnetic particles, are solid particles made of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials, which have a size of approximately 3-100 nm. With this size, the magnetic particles already have soft magnetic properties due to their dimensions alone, ie a very small hysteresis. The disperse phase, which is present as nanometer particles, is stabilized by surface-active substances. In the dispersant referred to here as solvent, the nanometer particles are homogeneously and stably distributed. The surface-active substances used for stabilization have amphiphilic, hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, so that the solvent can have both polar and non-polar properties.
Neben magnetischen Flüssigkeiten kommen auch gelförmige bzw. elastomere Materialien, z.B. Silikon oder Polyurethan, als Grundmaterial in Frage, die sich z.B. für Brustimplantate bereits bewährt haben.In addition to magnetic liquids, there are also gel-like or elastomeric materials, e.g. Silicone or polyurethane, as the base material, which can e.g. have already proven themselves for breast implants.
Wichtig ist eine hohe Konzentration der magnetischen Nanoteilchen, die bis zu 35 Vol% betragen kann.It is important to have a high concentration of the magnetic nanoparticles, which can be up to 35 vol%.
Als Magnetteilchen werden häufig Maghemit, Magnetit oder Mischoxide wie Kobaltferrit oder Mangan-Zinkferrit eingesetzt. Zur Viskositätsregulierung können die Flüssigphasen zusätzlich viskositätsverändernde Stoffe wie z. B. Polymere enthalten. In der Regel wird mindestens das Spulensystem in der erfin- dungsgemäßen Weise aufgebaut sein, das zur subkutanen Implantation vorgesehen ist, wobei der Aufbau der beiden Spulensysteme nicht unbedingt symmetrisch sein muss.Maghemite, magnetite or mixed oxides such as cobalt ferrite or manganese-zinc ferrite are often used as magnetic particles. To regulate viscosity, the liquid phases can additionally viscosity-changing substances such. B. contain polymers. As a rule, at least the coil system which is intended for subcutaneous implantation will be constructed in the manner according to the invention, the structure of the two coil systems not necessarily having to be symmetrical.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing.
Es zeigenShow it
Fig. 1 einen prinzipiellen Aufbau eines offenen Koppelsystems in schematischer Darstellung undFig. 1 shows a basic structure of an open coupling system in a schematic representation and
Fig. 2 einen prinzipiellen Aufbau eines geschlossenen Koppelsystems in schematischer Darstellung.Fig. 2 shows a basic structure of a closed coupling system in a schematic representation.
Das Koppelsystem gemäß Fig. 1 besteht aus zwei Spulensystemen 1 und 2 mit jeweils einer Spule 3, die von jeweils einem Gehäuse 4 eingehüllt sind. Das Spulensystem 1 wird in den Körper eines Patienten implantiert, so dass es unter der Haut 5 zu liegen kommt. Die Spulenkerne bestehen aus einer magnetischen Flüssigkeit 6, die von einer Membran 7 aus einem geeigneten körperverträglichen Material umgeben ist.1 consists of two coil systems 1 and 2, each with a coil 3, each of which is encased by a housing 4. The coil system 1 is implanted in the body of a patient so that it is under the skin 5 comes to rest. The coil cores consist of a magnetic liquid 6, which is surrounded by a membrane 7 made of a suitable body-compatible material.
Fig. 2 zeigt dagegen Spulensysteme 1 und 2, bei denen die Spulen vollständig in Topfkerne eingebettet sind, die wiederum aus einer magnetischen Flüssigkeit 6 bestehen. Die magnetische Flüssigkeit ist in hohle Formkörper 8 aus einem flexiblen, körperverträglichen Material eingebracht.2, on the other hand, shows coil systems 1 and 2 in which the coils are completely embedded in pot cores, which in turn consist of a magnetic liquid 6. The magnetic liquid is introduced into hollow shaped bodies 8 made of a flexible, body-compatible material.
Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Ausführungsform ist ein geschlossenes, mit einem Topfkern vergleichbares System. Hiermit ist eine Erfüllung aller vorteilhaften Bedingungen möglich, das heißt, die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist als flexibles, großflächiges und dünnes System mit einem hohen Wirkungsgrad und geringem Streufeld realisierbar.The embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is a closed system comparable to a pot core. This enables all advantageous conditions to be met, that is to say that the device according to the invention can be implemented as a flexible, large-area and thin system with a high degree of efficiency and a small stray field.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung als flexibles, sehr flaches Kissen ist nur unter der Nutzung der erfindungsgemäß einge- setzten Flüssigphase aus Magnetteilchen erreichbar. The design according to the invention as a flexible, very flat pillow can only be achieved by using the liquid phase made of magnetic particles used according to the invention.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
Spulensystemcoil system
Spulensystemcoil system
SpuleKitchen sink
Gehäusecasing
Hautskin
Magnetische FlüssigkeitMagnetic liquid
Membranmembrane
Formkörper moldings

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung zur subkutanen Übertragung von Energie und/oder Daten durch induktive Kopplung, bestehend aus einem Primärspulensystem und einem Sekun- därspulensystem, die mit Kernmaterialien kombiniert sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Kernmaterial in mindestens eines der Spulensysteme ein flexibles, gelartiges oder flüssiges Material angeordnet ist, in welchem magnetische Nanopartikel disper- giert sind. -1. Device for subcutaneous transmission of energy and / or data by inductive coupling, consisting of a primary coil system and a secondary coil system, which are combined with core materials, characterized in that a flexible, gel-like or liquid material as the core material in at least one of the coil systems is arranged in which magnetic nanoparticles are dispersed. -
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flüssigphase eine magnetische Flüssigkeit ist.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid phase is a magnetic liquid.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die magnetischen Nanopartikel eine Größe von 5 - 100 nm aufweisen.3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the magnetic nanoparticles have a size of 5-100 nm.
. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die flüssigen Dispersionsmittel organische und/oder anorganische Lösungsmittel sind. , Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the liquid dispersants are organic and / or inorganic solvents.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die magnetischen Nanopartikel auf ihrer Oberfläche Sta- bilisierungsschichten aufweisen.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the magnetic nanoparticles have stabilizing layers on their surface.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stabilisierungsschichten grenzflächenaktive Substanzen enthalten.6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the stabilizing layers contain surface-active substances.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die magnetischen Nanopartikel aus Maghemit, Magnetit oder Mischoxiden wie Kobaltferrit oder Mangan- Zinkferrit sowie metallischem Eisen und Kobalt bestehen.7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the magnetic nanoparticles consist of maghemite, magnetite or mixed oxides such as cobalt ferrite or manganese-zinc ferrite as well as metallic iron and cobalt.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lösungsmittel Viskositätsregulierende Zusätze ent- halten .8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the solvents contain viscosity-regulating additives.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Viskositätsregulierenden Zusätze Polymere sind. 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the viscosity-regulating additives are polymers.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kernmaterial bis zu 35 Vol% magnetischen Nanoparti- kel enthält.10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the core material contains up to 35 vol% magnetic nanoparticles.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nicht formbeständigen gelartigen und flüssigen Materialien formbeständig verkapselt sind.11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the non-dimensionally stable gel-like and liquid materials are encapsulated in a dimensionally stable manner.
12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verkapselungsmittel eine dichte flexible Membran ist. 12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the encapsulant is a tight flexible membrane.
PCT/EP2002/004919 2001-05-03 2002-05-03 Device for the subcutaneous transfer of energy or data WO2002091399A1 (en)

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DE10123151.2 2001-05-03
DE10123151A DE10123151B4 (en) 2001-05-03 2001-05-03 Device for subcutaneous transmission of energy or data

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